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Vanhoutte D, Schips TG, Minerath RA, Huo J, Kavuri NSS, Prasad V, Lin SC, Bround MJ, Sargent MA, Adams CM, Molkentin JD. Thbs1 regulates skeletal muscle mass in a TGFβ-Smad2/3-ATF4-dependent manner. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114149. [PMID: 38678560 PMCID: PMC11217783 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Loss of muscle mass is a feature of chronic illness and aging. Here, we report that skeletal muscle-specific thrombospondin-1 transgenic mice (Thbs1 Tg) have profound muscle atrophy with age-dependent decreases in exercise capacity and premature lethality. Mechanistically, Thbs1 activates transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-Smad2/3 signaling, which also induces activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) expression that together modulates the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to facilitate muscle atrophy. Indeed, myofiber-specific inhibition of TGFβ-receptor signaling represses the induction of ATF4, normalizes ALP and UPS, and partially restores muscle mass in Thbs1 Tg mice. Similarly, myofiber-specific deletion of Smad2 and Smad3 or the Atf4 gene antagonizes Thbs1-induced muscle atrophy. More importantly, Thbs1-/- mice show significantly reduced levels of denervation- and caloric restriction-mediated muscle atrophy, along with blunted TGFβ-Smad3-ATF4 signaling. Thus, Thbs1-mediated TGFβ-Smad3-ATF4 signaling in skeletal muscle regulates tissue rarefaction, suggesting a target for atrophy-based muscle diseases and sarcopenia with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vanhoutte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Tobias G Schips
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Rachel A Minerath
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jiuzhou Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Naga Swathi Sree Kavuri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Vikram Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Suh-Chin Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael J Bround
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michelle A Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Christopher M Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Mei T, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Li Y. Hypoxia treatment and resistance training alters microRNA profiling in rats skeletal muscle. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8388. [PMID: 38600177 PMCID: PMC11006875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may play a crucial regulatory role in the process of muscle atrophy induced by high-altitude hypoxia and its amelioration through resistance training. However, research in this aspect is still lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to employ miRNA microarray analysis to investigate the expression profile of miRNAs in skeletal muscle from an animal model of hypoxia-induced muscle atrophy and resistance training aimed at mitigating muscle atrophy. The study utilized a simulated hypoxic environment (oxygen concentration at 11.2%) to induce muscle atrophy and established a rat model of resistance training using ladder climbing, with a total intervention period of 4 weeks. The miRNA expression profile revealed 9 differentially expressed miRNAs influenced by hypoxia (e.g., miR-341, miR-32-5p, miR-465-5p) and 14 differentially expressed miRNAs influenced by resistance training under hypoxic conditions (e.g., miR-338-5p, miR-203a-3p, miR-92b-3p) (∣log2(FC)∣ ≥ 1.5, p < 0.05). The differentially expressed miRNAs were found to target genes involved in muscle protein synthesis and degradation (such as Utrn, mdm2, eIF4E), biological processes (such as negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent), and signaling pathways (such as Wnt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, mTOR signaling pathway). This study provides a foundation for understanding and further exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced rats muscle atrophy and the mitigation of atrophy through resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Mei
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hu
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
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Lilong Z, Kuang T, Li M, Li X, Hu P, Deng W, Wang W. Sarcopenia affects the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with gastrointestinal cancers. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:31-41. [PMID: 38000193 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of sarcopenia on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) patients remains uncertain in clinical practice. Hence, this study aims to investigate the potential correlation between sarcopenia and the clinical outcomes of GIC patients treated with ICIs. METHODS To gather pertinent studies, a systematic literature search was implemented across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The primary outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), measured with the hazard ratio (HR). And the secondary outcomes, including disease control rate (DCR), overall response rate (ORR), and adverse events (AE), were evaluated with the odd ratio (OR). RESULTS A total of 13 articles involving 1294 patients were collected for this analysis. The pooled results revealed that GIC patients with sarcopenia had significantly poorer OS (HR = 1.697, 95% CI = 1.367-2.106, p < 0.001) and PFS (HR: 1.551, 95% CI: 1.312-1.833, p < 0.001), and lower ORR (OR = 0.594, 95% CI = 0.388-0.909, p = 0.016) and DCR (OR: 0.553, 95% CI: 0.360-0.850, p = 0.007) compared to those without sarcopenia. However, sarcopenia did not increase the incidence of treatment-related adverse events compared with non-sarcopenia (OR = 1.377, 95% CI = 0.693-2.737, p = 0.361). According to subgroup analysis, the association between sarcopenia and the therapeutic effect of ICI on patients with primary liver cancer or gastric cancer was consistent with the above findings. CONCLUSION Sarcopenia is significantly correlated with poorer treatment response and worse long-term efficacy in GIC patients treated with ICIs. Moreover, sarcopenia does not increase the incidence of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Lilong
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianrui Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhong Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China.
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China.
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Liu H, Sun M, Wu N, Liu B, Liu Q, Fan X. TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway, Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway, and VEGF: Their mechanisms and roles in vascular remodeling related diseases. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1060. [PMID: 38018603 PMCID: PMC10629241 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a basic pathological process in various diseases characterized by abnormal changes in the morphology, structure, and function of vascular cells, such as migration, proliferation, hypertrophy, and apoptosis. Various growth factors and pathways are involved in the process of vascular remodeling. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, which is mainly mediated by TGF-β1, is an important factor in vascular wall enhancement during vascular development and regulates the vascular response to injury by promoting the accumulation of intimal tissue. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has an important effect on initiating the formation of blood vessels. The Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway also plays an important role in angiogenesis. In addition, studies have shown that there is a certain interaction between the TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway, Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway, and VEGF. Many studies have shown that in the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, aneurysm, vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia, pulmonary hypertension, restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, and other diseases, various inflammatory reactions lead to changes in vascular structure and vascular microenvironment, which leads to vascular remodeling. The occurrence of vascular remodeling changes the morphology of blood vessels and thus changes the hemodynamics, which is the cause of further development of the disease process. Vascular remodeling can cause vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction and vascular homeostasis regulation. This review aims to explore the mechanisms of the TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway, Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway, and vascular endothelial growth factor in vascular remodeling and related diseases. This paper is expected to provide new ideas for research on the occurrence and development of related diseases and provide a new direction for research on the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of NeurologyBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
| | - Mingyue Sun
- Department of NeurologyBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of NeurologyBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric DisordersBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
| | - Qingxin Liu
- Department of NeurologyBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
| | - Xueli Fan
- Department of NeurologyBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
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Martins L, Amorim WW, Gregnani MF, de Carvalho Araújo R, Qadri F, Bader M, Pesquero JB. Kinin receptors regulate skeletal muscle regeneration: differential effects for B1 and B2 receptors. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1583-1601. [PMID: 37464053 PMCID: PMC10499706 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN After traumatic skeletal muscle injury, muscle healing is often incomplete and produces extensive fibrosis. Bradykinin (BK) reduces fibrosis in renal and cardiac damage models through the B2 receptor. The B1 receptor expression is induced by damage, and blocking of the kallikrein-kinin system seems to affect the progression of muscular dystrophy. We hypothesized that both kinin B1 and B2 receptors could play a differential role after traumatic muscle injury, and the lack of the B1 receptor could produce more cellular and molecular substrates for myogenesis and fewer substrates for fibrosis, leading to better muscle healing. MATERIAL AND METHODS To test this hypothesis, tibialis anterior muscles of kinin receptor knockout animals were subjected to traumatic injury. Myogenesis, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and muscle functioning were evaluated. RESULTS Injured B1KO mice showed a faster healing progression of the injured area with a larger amount of central nucleated fiber post-injury when compared to control mice. In addition, they exhibited higher neovasculogenic capacity, maintaining optimal tissue perfusion for the post-injury phase; had higher amounts of myogenic markers with less inflammatory infiltrate and tissue destruction. This was followed by higher amounts of SMAD7 and lower amounts of p-SMAD2/3, which resulted in less fibrosis. In contrast, B2KO and B1B2KO mice showed more severe tissue destruction and excessive fibrosis. B1KO animals had better results in post-injury functional tests compared to control animals. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that injured skeletal muscle tissues have a better repair capacity with less fibrosis in the presence of B2 receptor and absence of B1 receptor, including better performances in functional tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Martins
- Division of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Medical Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences (IMB-PAN), 3a Tylna St., 90-364, Łódź, Poland.
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9th Floor, São Paulo, 04039032, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, 4th Floor, São Paulo, 04044-020, Brazil.
| | - Weslley Wallace Amorim
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9th Floor, São Paulo, 04039032, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fernandes Gregnani
- Laboratory of Exercise Genetics and Metabolism, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9th Floor, São Paulo, 04039032, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo de Carvalho Araújo
- Laboratory of Exercise Genetics and Metabolism, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9th Floor, São Paulo, 04039032, Brazil
| | - Fatimunnisa Qadri
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785, Berlin, Germany
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9th Floor, São Paulo, 04039032, Brazil.
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, 6th Floor, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil.
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Chen X, Ji Y, Liu R, Zhu X, Wang K, Yang X, Liu B, Gao Z, Huang Y, Shen Y, Liu H, Sun H. Mitochondrial dysfunction: roles in skeletal muscle atrophy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:503. [PMID: 37495991 PMCID: PMC10373380 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and skeletal muscle health, and damage to mitochondria can lead to a series of pathophysiological changes. Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to skeletal muscle atrophy, and its molecular mechanism leading to skeletal muscle atrophy is complex. Understanding the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction is useful for the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy, and finding drugs and methods to target and modulate mitochondrial function are urgent tasks in the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy. In this review, we first discussed the roles of normal mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Importantly, we described the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction on skeletal muscle atrophy and the molecular mechanisms involved. Furthermore, the regulatory roles of different signaling pathways (AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α, IGF-1-PI3K-Akt-mTOR, FoxOs, JAK-STAT3, TGF-β-Smad2/3 and NF-κB pathways, etc.) and the roles of mitochondrial factors were investigated in mitochondrial dysfunction. Next, we analyzed the manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction in muscle atrophy caused by different diseases. Finally, we summarized the preventive and therapeutic effects of targeted regulation of mitochondrial function on skeletal muscle atrophy, including drug therapy, exercise and diet, gene therapy, stem cell therapy and physical therapy. This review is of great significance for the holistic understanding of the important role of mitochondria in skeletal muscle, which is helpful for researchers to further understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy, and has an important inspiring role for the development of therapeutic strategies for muscle atrophy targeting mitochondria in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xucheng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Boya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 55 Ninghai Middle Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226600, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Luo X, Zhang H, Cao X, Yang D, Yan Y, Lu J, Wang X, Wang H. Endurance Exercise-Induced Fgf21 Promotes Skeletal Muscle Fiber Conversion through TGF-β1 and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11401. [PMID: 37511159 PMCID: PMC10379449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fgf21 has been identified as playing a regulatory role in muscle growth and function. Although the mechanisms through which endurance training regulates skeletal muscle have been widely studied, the contribution of Fgf21 remains poorly understood. Here, muscle size and function were measured, and markers of fiber type were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, immunoblots, or qPCR in endurance-exercise-trained wild-type and Fgf21 KO mice. We also investigated Fgf21-induced fiber conversion in C2C12 cells, which were incubated with lentivirus and/or pathway inhibitors. We found that endurance exercise training enhanced the Fgf21 levels of liver and GAS muscle and exercise capacity and decreased the distribution of skeletal muscle fiber size, and fast-twitch fibers were observed converting to slow-twitch fibers in the GAS muscle of mice. Fgf21 promoted the markers of fiber-type transition and eMyHC-positive myotubes by inhibiting the TGF-β1 signaling axis and activating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway without apparent crosstalk. Our findings suggest that the transformation and function of skeletal muscle fiber types in response to endurance training could be mediated by Fgf21 and its downstream signaling pathways. Our results illuminate the mechanisms of Fgf21 in endurance-exercise-induced fiber-type conversion and suggest a potential use of Fgf21 in improving muscle health and combating fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomao Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiaorui Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Ding Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Jiayin Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Haidong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
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Astragaloside IV alleviates sepsis-induced muscle atrophy by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109640. [PMID: 36586273 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle atrophy occurs in patients with sepsis and increases mortality and disability. Remission of muscle atrophy may improve the quality of life in patients with sepsis. Astragaloside IV (ASIV) has been shown to have excellent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects and to reduce organ damage caused by sepsis. However, the effect of ASIV on sepsis-induced muscle atrophy has not been reported. Therefore, this study explored the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of ASIV in sepsis-induced muscle atrophy. METHODS Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used to establish a mouse model of sepsis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated C2C12 myotubes. After administration of ASIV, the body weight, tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius muscle weight and fiber cross-sectional area of the mice were measured. The diameter of myotubes was observed by immunofluorescence staining. ELISA was used to assess inflammatory factors in plasma and cell culture supernatants. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of MuRF1, Atrogin-1 and TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway components in TA and C2C12 myotubes. RESULTS Our study found that ASIV reduced serum inflammatory factors and improved survival in septic mice. ASIV alleviated muscle mass reduction, myofiber cross-sectional area reduction, and C2C12 myotube atrophy by inhibiting the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and atrogin-1. In addition, we observed that ASIV inhibited TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway partly blocked the anti-muscle atrophy effect of ASIV. CONCLUSION ASIV can alleviate sepsis-induced muscle atrophy, which may be related to the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
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9
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Deng Y, Zhao L, Huang X, Zeng Y, Xiong Z, Zuo M. Contribution of skeletal muscle to cancer immunotherapy: A focus on muscle function, inflammation, and microbiota. Nutrition 2023; 105:111829. [PMID: 36265324 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, characterized by degenerative and systemic loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is a multifactorial syndrome commonly observed in individuals with cancer. Additionally, it represents a poor nutritional status and indicates possible presence of cancer cachexia. Recently, with the extensive application of cancer immunotherapy, the effects of sarcopenia/cachexia on cancer immunotherapy, have gained attention. The aim of this review was to summarize the influence of low muscle mass (sarcopenia/cachexia) on the response and immune-related adverse events to immunotherapy from the latest literature. It was revealed that low muscle mass (sarcopenia/cachexia) has detrimental effects on cancer immunotherapy in most cases, although there were results that were not consistent with this finding. This review also discussed potential causes of the paradox, such as different measure methods, research types, muscle indicators, time point, and cancer type. Mechanically, chronic inflammation, immune cells, and microbiota may be critically involved in regulating the efficacy of immunotherapy under the condition of low muscle mass (sarcopenia/cachexia). Thus, nutritional interventions will likely be promising ways for individuals with cancer to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy in the future, for low muscle mass (sarcopenia/cachexia) is an important prognostic factor for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanle Deng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhujuan Xiong
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ming Zuo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
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Bioactive Components in Whole Grains for the Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Function. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182752. [PMID: 36140879 PMCID: PMC9498156 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a primary role in metabolic health and physical performance. Conversely, skeletal muscle dysfunctions such as muscular dystrophy, atrophy and aging-related sarcopenia could lead to frailty, decreased independence and increased risk of hospitalization. Dietary intervention has become an effective approach to improving muscle health and function. Evidence shows that whole grains possess multiple health benefits compared with refined grains. Importantly, there is growing evidence demonstrating that bioactive substances derived from whole grains such as polyphenols, γ-oryzanol, β-sitosterol, betaine, octacosanol, alkylresorcinols and β-glucan could contribute to enhancing myogenesis, muscle mass and metabolic function. In this review, we discuss the potential role of whole-grain-derived bioactive components in the regulation of muscle function, emphasizing the underlying mechanisms by which these compounds regulate muscle biology. This work will contribute toward increasing awareness of nutraceutical supplementation of whole grain functional ingredients for the prevention and treatment of muscle dysfunctions.
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Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Signaling in Cancer-Induced Cachexia: From Molecular Pathways to the Clinics. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172671. [PMID: 36078078 PMCID: PMC9454487 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a metabolic syndrome consisting of massive loss of muscle mass and function that has a severe impact on the quality of life and survival of cancer patients. Up to 20% of lung cancer patients and up to 80% of pancreatic cancer patients are diagnosed with cachexia, leading to death in 20% of them. The main drivers of cachexia are cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1/GDF15) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Besides its double-edged role as a tumor suppressor and activator, TGF-β causes muscle loss through myostatin-based signaling, involved in the reduction in protein synthesis and enhanced protein degradation. Additionally, TGF-β induces inhibin and activin, causing weight loss and muscle depletion, while MIC-1/GDF15, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, leads to anorexia and so, indirectly, to muscle wasting, acting on the hypothalamus center. Against this background, the blockade of TGF-β is tested as a potential mechanism to revert cachexia, and antibodies against TGF-β reduced weight and muscle loss in murine models of pancreatic cancer. This article reviews the role of the TGF-β pathway and to a minor extent of other molecules including microRNA in cancer onset and progression with a special focus on their involvement in cachexia, to enlighten whether TGF-β and such other players could be potential targets for therapy.
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Yang X, Li M, Ji Y, Lin Y, Xu L, Gu X, Sun H, Wang W, Shen Y, Liu H, Zhu J. Changes of Gene Expression Patterns of Muscle Pathophysiology-Related Transcription Factors During Denervated Muscle Atrophy. Front Physiol 2022; 13:923190. [PMID: 35812340 PMCID: PMC9263185 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.923190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is common, and can lead to skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. The transcription factors have been proved to play a key role in denervated muscle atrophy. In order to systematically analyze transcription factors and obtain more comprehensive information of the molecular regulatory mechanisms in denervated muscle atrophy, a new transcriptome survey focused on transcription factors are warranted. In the current study, we used microarray to identify and analyze differentially expressed genes encoding transcription factors in denervated muscle atrophy in a rat model of sciatic nerve dissection. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were used to explore the biological functions of differentially expressed transcription factors and their target genes related to skeletal muscle pathophysiology. We found that the differentially expressed transcription factors were mainly involved in the immune response. Based on correlation analysis and the expression trends of transcription factors, 18 differentially expressed transcription factors were identified. Stat3, Myod1, Runx1, Atf3, Junb, Runx2, Myf6, Stat5a, Tead4, Klf5, Myog, Mef2a, and Hes6 were upregulated. Ppargc1a, Nr4a1, Lhx2, Ppara, and Rxrg were downregulated. Functional network mapping revealed that these transcription factors are mainly involved in inflammation, development, aging, proteolysis, differentiation, regeneration, autophagy, oxidative stress, atrophy, and ubiquitination. These findings may help understand the regulatory mechanisms of denervated muscle atrophy and provide potential targets for future therapeutic interventions for muscle atrophy following peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binhai County People’s Hospital affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, China
| | - Yanan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yinghao Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Yuntian Shen, ; Hua Liu, ; Jianwei Zhu,
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Yuntian Shen, ; Hua Liu, ; Jianwei Zhu,
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Yuntian Shen, ; Hua Liu, ; Jianwei Zhu,
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Wessolly M, Mairinger E, Borchert S, Bankfalvi A, Mach P, Schmid KW, Kimmig R, Buderath P, Mairinger FD. CAF-Associated Paracrine Signaling Worsens Outcome and Potentially Contributes to Chemoresistance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:798680. [PMID: 35311102 PMCID: PMC8927667 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.798680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the predominant and deadliest form of ovarian cancer. Some of its histological subtypes can be distinguished by frequent occurrence of cancer-associated myofibroblasts (CAFs) and desmoplastic stroma reaction (DSR). In this study, we want to explore the relationship between therapy outcome and the activity of CAF-associated signaling pathways in a homogeneous HGSOC patient collective. Furthermore, we want to validate these findings in a general Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cohort. Methods The investigation cohort consists of 24 HGSOC patients. All of them were treated with platinum-based components and clinical follow-up was available. The validation cohort was comprised of 303 patients. Sequencing data (whole transcriptome) and clinical data were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RNA of HGSOC patients was isolated using a Maxwell RSC instrument and the appropriate RNA isolation kit. For digital expression analysis a custom-designed gene panel was employed. All genes were linked to various DSR- and CAF- associated pathways. Expression analysis was performed on the NanoString nCounter platform. Finally, data were explored using the R programming environment (v. 4.0.3). Result In total, 15 CAF-associated genes were associated with patients’ survival. More specifically, 6 genes (MMP13, CGA, EPHA3, PSMD9, PITX2, PHLPP1) were linked to poor therapy outcome. Though a variety of different pathways appeared to be associated with therapy failure, many were related to CAF paracrine signaling, including MAPK, Ras and TGF-β pathways. Similar results were obtained from the validation cohort. Discussion In this study, we could successfully link CAF-associated pathways, as shown by increased Ras, MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling to therapy failure (chemotherapy) in HGSOC and EOCs in general. As platinum-based chemotherapy has been the state-of-the-art therapy to treat HGSOC for decades, it is necessary to unveil the reasons behind resistance developments and poor outcome. In this work, CAF-associated signaling is shown to compromise therapy response. In the validation cohort, CAF-associated signaling is also associated with therapy failure in general EOC, possibly hinting towards a conserved mechanism. Therefore, it may be helpful to stratify HGSOC patients for CAF activity and consider alternative treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wessolly
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael Wessolly,
| | - Elena Mairinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Borchert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Agnes Bankfalvi
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Pawel Mach
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Paul Buderath
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Transforming Growth Factor-Beta in Skeletal Muscle Wasting. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031167. [PMID: 35163088 PMCID: PMC8835446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is part of a family of molecules that is present in many body tissues and performs many different functions. Evidence has been obtained from mice and human cancer patients with bony metastases and non-metastatic disease, as well as pediatric burn patients, that inflammation leads to bone resorption and release of TGF-β from the bone matrix with paracrine effects on muscle protein balance, possibly mediated by the generation of reactive oxygen species. Whether immobilization, which confounds the etiology of bone resorption in burn injury, also leads to the release of TGF-β from bone contributing to muscle wasting in other conditions is unclear. The use of anti-resorptive therapy in both metastatic cancer patients and pediatric burn patients has been successful in the prevention of muscle wasting, thereby creating an additional therapeutic niche for this class of drugs. The liberation of TGF-β may be one way in which bone helps to control muscle mass, but further investigation will be necessary to assess whether the rate of bone resorption is the determining factor for the release of TGF-β. Moreover, whether different resorptive conditions, such as immobilization and hyperparathyroidism, also involve TGF-β release in the pathogenesis of muscle wasting needs to be investigated.
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15
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Role of MicroRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs in Sarcopenia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020187. [PMID: 35053303 PMCID: PMC8773898 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related pathological process characterized by loss of muscle mass and function, which consequently affects the quality of life of the elderly. There is growing evidence that non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play a key role in skeletal muscle physiology. Alterations in the expression levels of miRNAs and lncRNAs contribute to muscle atrophy and sarcopenia by regulating various signaling pathways. This review summarizes the recent findings regarding non-coding RNAs associated with sarcopenia and provides an overview of sarcopenia pathogenesis promoted by multiple non-coding RNA-mediated signaling pathways. In addition, we discuss the impact of exercise on the expression patterns of non-coding RNAs involved in sarcopenia. Identifying non-coding RNAs associated with sarcopenia and understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate skeletal muscle dysfunction during aging will provide new insights to develop potential treatment strategies.
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Umezu T, Nakamura S, Sato Y, Kobayashi T, Ito E, Abe T, Kaneko M, Nomura M, Yoshimura A, Oya A, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Kanaji A, Miyamoto T. Smad2 and Smad3 expressed in skeletal muscle promote immobilization-induced bone atrophy in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 582:111-117. [PMID: 34710825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is known to regulate bone homeostasis through muscle-bone interaction, although factors that control this activity remain unclear. Here, we newly established Smad3-flox mice, and then generated skeletal muscle-specific Smad2/Smad3 double conditional knockout mice (DcKO) by crossing Smad3-flox with skeletal muscle-specific Ckmm Cre and Smad2-flox mice. We show that immobilization-induced gastrocnemius muscle atrophy occurring due to sciatic nerve denervation was partially but significantly inhibited in DcKO mice, suggesting that skeletal muscle cell-intrinsic Smad2/3 is required for immobilization-induced muscle atrophy. Also, tibial bone atrophy seen after sciatic nerve denervation was partially but significantly inhibited in DcKO mice. Bone formation rate in wild-type mouse tibia was significantly inhibited by immobilization, but inhibition was abrogated in DcKO mice. We propose that skeletal muscle regulates immobilization-induced bone atrophy via Smad2/3, and Smad2/3 represent potential therapeutic targets to prevent both immobilization-induced bone and muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Umezu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita City, Chiba, 286-8520, Japan
| | - Yuiko Sato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Advanced Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders II, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Musculoskeletal Reconstruction and Regeneration Surgery, Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tami Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Advanced Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders II, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Musculoskeletal Reconstruction and Regeneration Surgery, Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eri Ito
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mari Kaneko
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nomura
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi Ward, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akihito Oya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Arihiko Kanaji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Advanced Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders II, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Musculoskeletal Reconstruction and Regeneration Surgery, Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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Miao W, Ma Z, Tang Z, Yu L, Liu S, Huang T, Wang P, Wu T, Song Z, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhou L. Integrative ATAC-seq and RNA-seq Analysis of the Longissimus Muscle of Luchuan and Duroc Pigs. Front Nutr 2021; 8:742672. [PMID: 34660666 PMCID: PMC8511529 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.742672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Luchuan pig is a typical obese pig breed in China, and the diameter and area of its longissimus dorsi muscle fibers are significantly smaller than those of Duroc (lean) pig. Skeletal muscle fiber characteristics are related to meat quality of livestock. There is a significant correlation between the quality of different breeds of pork and the characteristics of muscle fiber, which is an important factor affecting the quality of pork. The diameter and area of muscle fibers are related to muscle growth and development. Therefore, we used the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis to investigate the potential mechanism underlying the difference in skeletal muscle growth and development between the two types of pigs. First, transposase-accessible chromatin was analyzed to map the landscape of open chromatin regions and transcription factor binding sites. We identified several transcription factors that potentially affected muscle growth and development, including TFAP4, MAX, NHLH1, FRX5, and TGIF1. We also found that transcription factors with basic helix-loop-helix structures had a preference for binding to genes involved in muscle development. Then, by integrating ATAC-seq and RNA-seq, we found that the Wnt signaling pathway, the mTOR signaling pathway, and other classical pathways regulate skeletal muscle development. In addition, some pathways that might regulate skeletal muscle growth, such as parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion, and action, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, and the thyroid hormone signaling pathway, which were significantly enriched. After further study, we identified a number of candidate genes (ASNS, CARNS1, G0S2, PPP1R14C, and SH3BP5) that might be associated with muscle development. We also found that the differential regulation of chromatin openness at the level of some genes was contrary to the differential regulation at the level of transcription, suggesting that transcription factors and transcriptional repressors may be involved in the regulation of gene expression. Our study provided an in-depth understanding of the mechanism behind the differences in muscle fibers from two species of pig and provided an important foundation for further research on improving the quality of pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zeqiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhanyang Tang
- Tilapia Seed Farm, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Tengda Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Tian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ziyi Song
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yixing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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18
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Rada M, Kapelanski-Lamoureux A, Petrillo S, Tabariès S, Siegel P, Reynolds AR, Lazaris A, Metrakos P. Runt related transcription factor-1 plays a central role in vessel co-option of colorectal cancer liver metastases. Commun Biol 2021; 4:950. [PMID: 34376784 PMCID: PMC8355374 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02481-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) has two major histopathological growth patterns: angiogenic desmoplastic and non-angiogenic replacement. The replacement lesions obtain their blood supply through vessel co-option, wherein the cancer cells hijack pre-existing blood vessels of the surrounding liver tissue. Consequentially, anti-angiogenic therapies are less efficacious in CRCLM patients with replacement lesions. However, the mechanisms which drive vessel co-option in the replacement lesions are unknown. Here, we show that Runt Related Transcription Factor-1 (RUNX1) overexpression in the cancer cells of the replacement lesions drives cancer cell motility via ARP2/3 to achieve vessel co-option. Furthermore, overexpression of RUNX1 in the cancer cells is mediated by Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 (TGFβ1) and thrombospondin 1 (TSP1). Importantly, RUNX1 knockdown impaired the metastatic capability of colorectal cancer cells in vivo and induced the development of angiogenic lesions in liver. Our results confirm that RUNX1 may be a potential target to overcome vessel co-option in CRCLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran Rada
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Stephanie Petrillo
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Tabariès
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Siegel
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Anthoula Lazaris
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Metrakos
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Chandra Jena B, Sarkar S, Rout L, Mandal M. The transformation of cancer-associated fibroblasts: Current perspectives on the role of TGF-β in CAF mediated tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Cancer Lett 2021; 520:222-232. [PMID: 34363903 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, the Transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β) has been significantly considered as an effective and ubiquitous mediator of cell growth. The cytokine, TGF-β is being increasingly recognized as the most potent inducer of cancer cell initiation, differentiation, migration as well as progression through both the SMAD-dependent and independent pathways. There is growing evidence that supports the role of secretory cytokine TGF-β as a crucial mediator of tumor-stroma crosstalk. Contextually, the CAFs are the prominent component of tumor stroma that helps in tumor progression and onset of chemoresistance. The interplay between the CAFs and the tumor cells through the paracrine signals is facilitated by cytokine TGF-β to induce the malignant progression. Here in this review, we have dissected the most recent advancements in understanding the mechanisms of TGF-β induced CAF activation, their multiple origins, and most importantly their role in conferring chemoresistance. Considering the pivotal role of TGF-β in tumor perogression and associated stemness, it is one the proven clinical targets We have also included the clinical trials going on, targeting the TGF-β and CAFs crosstalk with the tumor cells. Ultimately, we have underscored some of the outstanding issues that must be deciphered with utmost importance to unravel the successful strategies of anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Chandra Jena
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Siddik Sarkar
- CSIR-Indian Institue of Chemical Biology, Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Lipsa Rout
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha'O'Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
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Kardalas E, Maraka S, Papagianni M, Paltoglou G, Siristatidis C, Mastorakos G. TGF-β Physiology as a Novel Therapeutic Target Regarding Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: Where Do We Stand and What to Expect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57060621. [PMID: 34198624 PMCID: PMC8232149 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57060621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), as a master regulator of immune response, is deeply implicated in the complex pathophysiology and development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Based on the close interplay between thyroid autoimmunity and TGF-β, scientific interest was shifted to the understanding of the possible role of this molecule regarding the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of these diseases. The main aim of this review is to present research data about possible treatment options based on the role of TGF-β in thyroid autoimmunity. Suggested TGF-β-mediated therapeutic strategies regarding autoimmune thyroid diseases include either the enhancement of its immunosuppressive role or inhibition of its facilitatory role in thyroid autoimmunity. For example, the application of hr-TGF-β can be used to bolster the inhibitory role of TGF-β regarding the development of thyroid diseases, whereas anti-TGF-β antibodies and similar molecules could impede its immune-promoting effects by blocking different levels of TGF-β biosynthesis and activation pathways. In conclusion, TGF-β could evolve to a promising, novel therapeutic tool for thyroid autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstratios Kardalas
- Endocrine Unit, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias Str. 76, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Spyridoula Maraka
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72501, USA;
| | - Maria Papagianni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Hippokration Hospital of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos Str. 49, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - George Paltoglou
- Endocrine Unit, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias Str. 76, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Charalampos Siristatidis
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias Str. 76, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - George Mastorakos
- Endocrine Unit, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias Str. 76, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Ma C, Qi Y, Liu H, Wu C, Cui X, Liu Z. Inhibitory effect of activin A on IL-9 production by mouse NK cells through Smad3 signaling. Biol Chem 2021; 401:297-308. [PMID: 31400749 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a cytokine secreted by T-helper (Th)9 cells, and activin A can enhance Th9 cell differentiation. However, whether activin A affects IL-9 production by natural killer (NK) cells remains unclear. Herein, we found that not only Th cells, but also CD3-CD49b+NKp46+ NK cells of Balb/c mice produced IL-9. Although activin A promoted IL-9 expression in CD4+ Th cells, it inhibited IL-9 production by CD49b+NKp46+ NK cells in mice. Furthermore, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that mouse NK cells could secrete mature IL-9 protein, and activin A inhibited IL-9 release by NK cells. Additionally, activin A inhibited interferon (IFN)-γ production in splenic NK cells in mice, but promoted IL-2 production, and did not alter the production of IL-10. Western blotting results showed that levels of activin type IIA receptor (ActRIIA), Smad3 and phosphorylated-Smad3 (p-SMAD3) protein increased in activin A-treated splenic NK cells, compared with that in control NK cells. The inhibitory effects of activin A on IL-9 production by NK cells were attenuated in the presence of activin antagonist follistatin (FST) or Smad3 knockdown to NK cells. These data suggest that although activin A up-regulates IL-9 expression in Th cells, it inhibits IL-9 production in NK cells through Smad3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Ma
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chengdong Wu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xueling Cui
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
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Erianthridin suppresses non-small-cell lung cancer cell metastasis through inhibition of Akt/mTOR/p70 S6K signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6618. [PMID: 33758209 PMCID: PMC7987990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a major cause of the high mortality rate in lung cancer patients. The cytoskeletal rearrangement and degradation of extracellular matrix are required to facilitate cell migration and invasion and the suppression of these behaviors is an intriguing approach to minimize cancer metastasis. Even though Erianthridin (ETD), a phenolic compound isolated from the Thai orchid Dendrobium formosum exhibits various biological activities, the molecular mechanism of ETD for anti-cancer activity is unclear. In this study, we found that noncytotoxic concentrations of ETD (≤ 50 μM) were able to significantly inhibit cell migration and invasion via disruption of actin stress fibers and lamellipodia formation. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 was markedly downregulated in a dose-dependent manner after ETD treatment. Mechanistic studies revealed that protein kinase B (Akt) and its downstream effectors mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) were strongly attenuated. An in silico study further demonstrated that ETD binds to the protein kinase domain of Akt with both hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. In addition, an in vivo tail vein injection metastasis study demonstrated a significant effect of ETD on the suppression of lung cancer cell metastasis. This study provides preclinical information regarding ETD, which exhibits promising antimetastatic activity against non-small-cell lung cancer through Akt/mTOR/p70S6K-induced actin reorganization and MMPs expression.
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23
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Prognostic significance of sarcopenia in microsatellite-stable gastric cancer patients treated with programmed death-1 inhibitors. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:457-466. [PMID: 32970267 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-020-01124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia has been underscored as a significant predictor of poor prognosis in cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy with programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors. We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of computed tomography (CT)-determined sarcopenia in patients with microsatellite-stable (MSS) gastric cancer (GC) treated with PD-1 inhibitors. METHODS We retrospectively assessed patients with MSS GC who had been treated with PD-1 inhibitors from March 2016 to June 2019. Pre-treatment sarcopenic status was determined by analyzing L3 skeletal muscle index with abdominal CT. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the differences in survival probability according to sarcopenic status were compared using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of PFS and OS. RESULTS Of 149 patients with MSS GC (mean age, 57.0 ± 12.3 years; 93 men), 79 (53.0%) had sarcopenia. Patients with sarcopenia had significantly shorter PFS than patients without sarcopenia (median, 1.4 months vs. 2.6 months; P = 0.026). Sarcopenia was independently associated with shorter PFS (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-2.93; P = 0.020). Patients with sarcopenia had shorter OS than patients without sarcopenia (median, 3.6 months vs. 4.9 months; P = 0.052), but sarcopenia itself was not a significant prognostic factor for OS (adjusted HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.58-1.75; P = 0.974). CONCLUSIONS CT-determined sarcopenia is an independent prognostic factor for PFS in patients with MSS GC treated with PD-1 inhibitors.
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Chandra Jena B, Kanta Das C, Banerjee I, Das S, Bharadwaj D, Majumder R, Mandal M. Paracrine TGF-β1 from breast cancer contributes to chemoresistance in cancer associated fibroblasts via upregulation of the p44/42 MAPK signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114474. [PMID: 33607074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conventionally, Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are considered as an inducer of chemoresistance in cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism by which carcinomas induce chemoresistance in CAFs through tumor-stroma cross-talk is largely unknown. Henceforth, we uncovered a network of paracrine signals between carcinoma and CAFs that drives chemoresistance in CAFs. Acquired tamoxifen and 5-Fu resistant cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 respectively showed higher apoptotic resistance compared to the parental cell. Besides, chemoresistant breast cancer cells showed overexpression of TGF-β1 and have the higher potential to induce CAF phenotype in the normal dermal fibroblasts in a paracrine manner through the TGF-β1 cytokine, compared to their parental cell. Moreover, the chemoresistant cancer cells augmented the EMT markers with a reduction of E-cadherin in the CAFs. Importantly we found out that the TGF- β1 enriched conditioned media from both of the resistant cells triggered chemoresistance in the CAFs by p44/42 MAPK signaling axis. Mechanistically, pharmacological and genetic blockade of TGF-β1 inhibits p44/42 MAPK activation with the subsequent restoration of chemosensitivity in the CAFs. Altogether we ascertained that chemoresistant cancer cells have tremendous potential to modulate the CAFs compared to the parental counterpart. Targeting TGF-β1 and p44/42 MAPK signaling in the future may help to abrogate the chemoresistance in the CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Chandra Jena
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandan Kanta Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Indranil Banerjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhayan Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Deblina Bharadwaj
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranabir Majumder
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
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25
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Yuan B, El Dana F, Ly S, Yan Y, Ruvolo V, Shpall EJ, Konopleva M, Andreeff M, Battula VL. Bone marrow stromal cells induce an ALDH+ stem cell-like phenotype and enhance therapy resistance in AML through a TGF-β-p38-ALDH2 pathway. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242809. [PMID: 33253299 PMCID: PMC7703975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow microenvironment (BME) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) consists of various cell types that support the growth of AML cells and protect them from chemotherapy. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the BME have been shown to contribute immensely to leukemogenesis and chemotherapy resistance in AML cells. However, the mechanism of stroma-induced chemotherapy resistance is not known. Here, we hypothesized that stromal cells promote a stem-like phenotype in AML cells, thereby inducing tumorigenecity and therapy resistance. To test our hypothesis, we co-cultured AML cell lines and patient samples with BM-derived MSCs and determined aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and performed gene expression profiling by RNA sequencing. We found that the percentage of ALDH+ cells increased dramatically when AML cells were co-cultured with MSCs. However, among the 19 ALDH isoforms, ALDH2 and ALDH1L2 were the only two that were significantly upregulated in AML cells co-cultured with stromal cells compared to cells cultured alone. Mechanistic studies revealed that the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-regulated gene signature is activated in AML cells co-cultured with MSCs. Knockdown of TGF-β1 in BM-MSCs inhibited stroma-induced ALDH activity and ALDH2 expression in AML cells, whereas treatment with recombinant TGF-β1 induced the ALDH+ phenotype in AML cells. We also found that TGF-β1-induced ALDH2 expression in AML cells is mediated by the non-canonical pathway through the activation of p38. Interestingly, inhibition of ALDH2 with diadzin and CVT-10216 significantly inhibited MSC-induced ALDH activity in AML cells and sensitized them to chemotherapy, even in the presence of MSCs. Collectively, BM stroma induces ALDH2 activity in AML cells through the non-canonical TGF-β pathway. Inhibition of ALDH2 sensitizes AML cells to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yuan
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fouad El Dana
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Stanley Ly
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yuanqing Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vivian Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth J. Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Venkata Lokesh Battula
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Shen Y, Zhang Q, Huang Z, Zhu J, Qiu J, Ma W, Yang X, Ding F, Sun H. Isoquercitrin Delays Denervated Soleus Muscle Atrophy by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:988. [PMID: 32903465 PMCID: PMC7435639 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although denervated muscle atrophy is common, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unelucidated. We have previously found that oxidative stress and inflammatory response may be early events that trigger denervated muscle atrophy. Isoquercitrin is a biologically active flavonoid with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study investigated the effect of isoquercitrin on denervated soleus muscle atrophy and its possible molecular mechanisms. We found that isoquercitrin was effective in alleviating soleus muscle mass loss following denervation in a dose-dependent manner. Isoquercitrin demonstrated the optimal protective effect at 20 mg/kg/d, which was the dose used in subsequent experiments. To further explore the protective effect of isoquercitrin on denervated soleus muscle atrophy, we analyzed muscle proteolysis via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, mitophagy, and muscle fiber type conversion. Isoquercitrin significantly inhibited the denervation-induced overexpression of two muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases—muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx), and reduced the degradation of myosin heavy chains (MyHCs) in the target muscle. Following isoquercitrin treatment, mitochondrial vacuolation and autophagy were inhibited, as evidenced by reduced level of autophagy-related proteins (ATG7, BNIP3, LC3B, and PINK1); slow-to-fast fiber type conversion in the target muscle was delayed via triggering expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α); and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the target muscle was reduced, which might be associated with the upregulation of antioxidant factors (SOD1, SOD2, NRF2, NQO1, and HO1) and the downregulation of ROS production-related factors (Nox2, Nox4, and DUOX1). Furthermore, isoquercitrin treatment reduced the levels of inflammatory factors—interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)—in the target muscle and inactivated the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Overall, isoquercitrin may alleviate soleus muscle atrophy and mitophagy and reverse the slow-to-fast fiber type conversion following denervation via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Our study findings enrich the knowledge regarding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of denervated muscle atrophy and provide a scientific basis for isoquercitrin as a protective drug for the prevention and treatment of denervated muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiayi Qiu
- School of Nursing, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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27
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Galbiati M, Crippa V, Rusmini P, Cristofani R, Messi E, Piccolella M, Tedesco B, Ferrari V, Casarotto E, Chierichetti M, Poletti A. Multiple Roles of Transforming Growth Factor Beta in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124291. [PMID: 32560258 PMCID: PMC7352289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) is a pleiotropic cytokine known to be dysregulated in many neurodegenerative disorders and particularly in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This motor neuronal disease is non-cell autonomous, as it affects not only motor neurons but also the surrounding glial cells, and the target skeletal muscle fibers. Here, we analyze the multiple roles of TGFB in these cell types, and how TGFB signaling is altered in ALS tissues. Data reported support a crucial involvement of TGFB in the etiology and progression of ALS, leading us to hypothesize that an imbalance of TGFB signaling, diminished at the pre-symptomatic stage and then increased with time, could be linked to ALS progression. A reduced stimulation of the TGFB pathway at the beginning of disease blocks its neuroprotective effects and promotes glutamate excitotoxicity. At later disease stages, the persistent activation of the TGFB pathway promotes an excessive microglial activation and strengthens muscular dysfunction. The therapeutic potential of TGFB is discussed, in order to foster new approaches to treat ALS.
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28
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Yin H, He H, Shen X, Tang S, Zhao J, Cao X, Han S, Cui C, Chen Y, Wei Y, Wang Y, Li D, Zhu Q. MicroRNA Profiling Reveals an Abundant miR-200a-3p Promotes Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cell Development by Targeting TGF-β2 and Regulating the TGF‑β2/SMAD Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093274. [PMID: 32380777 PMCID: PMC7247338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved, small noncoding RNAs that play critical post-transcriptional regulatory roles in skeletal muscle development. Chicken is an optimal model to study skeletal muscle formation because its developmental anatomy is similar to that of mammals. In this study, we identified potential miRNAs in the breast muscle of broilers and layers at embryonic day 10 (E10), E13, E16, and E19. We detected 1836 miRNAs, 233 of which were differentially expressed between broilers and layers. In particular, miRNA-200a-3p was significantly more highly expressed in broilers than layers at three time points. In vitro experiments showed that miR-200a-3p accelerated differentiation and proliferation of chicken skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) and inhibited SMSCs apoptosis. The transforming growth factor 2 (TGF-β2) was identified as a target gene of miR-200a-3p, and which turned out to inhibit differentiation and proliferation, and promote apoptosis of SMSCs. Exogenous TGF-β2 increased the abundances of phosphorylated SMAD2 and SMAD3 proteins, and a miR-200a-3p mimic weakened this effect. The TGF-β2 inhibitor treatment reduced the promotional and inhibitory effects of miR-200a-3p on SMSC differentiation and apoptosis, respectively. Our results indicate that miRNAs are abundantly expressed during embryonic skeletal muscle development, and that miR-200a-3p promotes SMSC development by targeting TGF-β2 and regulating the TGF-β2/SMAD signaling pathway.
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Lautaoja JH, Pekkala S, Pasternack A, Laitinen M, Ritvos O, Hulmi JJ. Differentiation of Murine C2C12 Myoblasts Strongly Reduces the Effects of Myostatin on Intracellular Signaling. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050695. [PMID: 32365803 PMCID: PMC7277184 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alongside in vivo models, a simpler and more mechanistic approach is required to study the effects of myostatin on skeletal muscle because myostatin is an important negative regulator of muscle size. In this study, myostatin was administered to murine (C2C12) and human (CHQ) myoblasts and myotubes. Canonical and noncanonical signaling downstream to myostatin, related ligands, and their receptor were analyzed. The effects of tumorkines were analyzed after coculture of C2C12 and colon cancer-C26 cells. The effects of myostatin on canonical and noncanonical signaling were strongly reduced in C2C12 cells after differentiation. This may be explained by increased follistatin, an endogenous blocker of myostatin and altered expression of activin receptor ligands. In contrast, CHQ cells were equally responsive to myostatin, and follistatin remained unaltered. Both myostatin administration and the coculture stimulated pathways associated with inflammation, especially in C2C12 cells. In conclusion, the effects of myostatin on intracellular signaling may be cell line- or organism-specific, and C2C12 myotubes seem to be a nonoptimal in vitro model for investigating the effects of myostatin on canonical and noncanonical signaling in skeletal muscle. This may be due to altered expression of activin receptor ligands and their regulators during muscle cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juulia H. Lautaoja
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (S.P.); (J.J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-40-805-5042
| | - Satu Pekkala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (S.P.); (J.J.H.)
| | - Arja Pasternack
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.P.); (O.R.)
| | - Mika Laitinen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.P.); (O.R.)
| | - Juha J. Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (S.P.); (J.J.H.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.P.); (O.R.)
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30
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Guo S, Chen Q, Sun Y, Chen J. Nicotinamide protects against skeletal muscle atrophy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:470-477. [PMID: 31291133 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1638414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Context: Skeletal muscle atrophy is a complication of diabetes, partially induced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) deficiency. Objective: This study investigates the potential of nicotinamide (NAM) supplementation, a precursor of NAD+, against muscle atrophy. Methods: Mice were separated into normal control group, normal control with NAM administration group, diabetic group, and diabetic mice with NAM administration group. Basic characteristics, muscle weight, maximal grip strength, and myofibers cross-sectional area were analysed. Markers reflecting muscle atrophy and hypertrophy, and transforming growth factor β1/Smad2 (TGF-β1/Smad2) pathway were examined. Results: NAM did not influence body weight and blood glucose. In diabetic mice, NAM increased NAD+ level, rescued muscle weight and strength loss, and increased myofibers cross-sectional area. NAM inhibited MuRF1 and Atrogin1, while elevated phosphorylation of Akt. Overactivation of TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway was repressed by NAM. Conclusion: NAM ameliorated diabetic muscle atrophy by rebalancing protein anabolism and catabolism, probably through de-activation of TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhe Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Qingyan Chen
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Yaying Sun
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jiwu Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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Ryu Y, Lee D, Jung SH, Lee KJ, Jin H, Kim SJ, Lee HM, Kim B, Won KJ. Sabinene Prevents Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Inhibiting the MAPK-MuRF-1 Pathway in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194955. [PMID: 31597276 PMCID: PMC6801606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum boreale Makino essential oil (CBMEO) has diverse biological activities including a skin regenerating effect. However, its role in muscle atrophy remains unknown. This study explored the effects of CBMEO and its active ingredients on skeletal muscle atrophy using in vitro and in vivo models of muscle atrophy. CBMEO reversed the size decrease of L6 myoblasts under starvation. Among the eight monoterpene compounds of CBMEO without cytotoxicity for L6 cells, sabinene induced predominant recovery of reductions of myotube diameters under starvation. Sabinene diminished the elevated E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1) expression and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylations in starved myotubes. Moreover, sabinene decreased the increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in myotubes under starvation. The ROS inhibitor antagonized expression of MuRF-1 and phosphorylation of MAPKs, which were elevated in starved myotubes. In addition, levels of muscle fiber atrophy and MuRF-1 expression in gastrocnemius from fasted rats were reduced after administration of sabinene. These findings demonstrate that sabinene, a bioactive component from CBMEO, may attenuate skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating the activation mechanism of ROS-mediated MAPK/MuRF-1 pathways in starved myotubes, probably leading to the reverse of reduced muscle fiber size in fasted rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkyoung Ryu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Donghyen Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Seung Hyo Jung
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Jin Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hengzhe Jin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Su Jung Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hwan Myung Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, 20 Hoseo-ro79beon-gil, Hoseo-ro, Baebang-eup, Asan 31499, Korea.
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Jong Won
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Lima JDCC, Simoes E, de Castro G, Morais MRPT, de Matos-Neto EM, Alves MJ, Pinto NI, Figueredo RG, Zorn TMT, Felipe-Silva AS, Tokeshi F, Otoch JP, Alcantara P, Cabral FJ, Ferro ES, Laviano A, Seelaender M. Tumour-derived transforming growth factor-β signalling contributes to fibrosis in patients with cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:1045-1059. [PMID: 31273954 PMCID: PMC6818454 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia is a paraneoplastic syndrome related with poor prognosis. The tumour micro-environment contributes to systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress as well as to fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to characterise the inflammatory circulating factors and tumour micro-environment profile, as potentially contributing to tumour fibrosis in cachectic cancer patients. METHODS 74 patients (weight stable cancer n = 31; cachectic cancer n = 43) diagnosed with colorectal cancer were recruited, and tumour biopsies were collected during surgery. Multiplex assay was performed to study inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Immunohistochemistry analysis was carried out to study extracellular matrix components. RESULTS Higher protein expression of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors such as epidermal growth factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-α, and interleukin (IL)-8 was observed in the tumour and serum of cachectic cancer patients in comparison with weight-stable counterparts. Also, IL-8 was positively correlated with weight loss in cachectic patients (P = 0.04; r = 0.627). Immunohistochemistry staining showed intense collagen deposition (P = 0.0006) and increased presence of α-smooth muscle actin (P < 0.0001) in tumours of cachectic cancer patients, characterizing fibrosis. In addition, higher transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 expression (P = 0.003, P = 0.05, and P = 0.047, respectively) was found in the tumour of cachectic patients, parallel to p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase alteration. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α mRNA content was significantly increased in the tumour of cachectic patients, when compared with weight-stable group (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate TGF-β pathway activation in the tumour in cachexia, through the (non-canonical) mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. The results show that during cachexia, intratumoural inflammatory response contributes to the onset of fibrosis. Tumour remodelling, probably by TGF-β-induced transdifferentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, induces unbalanced inflammatory cytokine profile, angiogenesis, and elevation of extracellular matrix components (EMC). We speculate that these changes may affect tumour aggressiveness and present consequences in peripheral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna D C C Lima
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estefania Simoes
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Castro
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mychel Raony P T Morais
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Michele J Alves
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nelson I Pinto
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel G Figueredo
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Telma M T Zorn
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flavio Tokeshi
- Department of Clinical Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José P Otoch
- Department of Clinical Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Alcantara
- Department of Clinical Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Emer S Ferro
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Laviano
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilia Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ma W, Zhang R, Huang Z, Zhang Q, Xie X, Yang X, Zhang Q, Liu H, Ding F, Zhu J, Sun H. PQQ ameliorates skeletal muscle atrophy, mitophagy and fiber type transition induced by denervation via inhibition of the inflammatory signaling pathways. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:440. [PMID: 31700876 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Skeletal muscle atrophy involves and requires widespread changes in skeletal muscle gene expression and signaling pathway, resulting in excessive loss of muscle mass and strength, which is associated with poor prognosis and the decline of life quality in several diseases. However, the treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy remains an unresolved challenge to this day. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a redox-active o-quinone found in various foods and mammalian tissues, on skeletal muscle atrophy, and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods After denervation, mice were injected intraperitoneally with saline plus PQQ (5 mg/kg/d) or saline only for 14 days. The level of inflammatory cytokines in tibialis anterior (TA) muscles was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the level of signaling proteins of Janus kinase 2/signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (Jak2/STAT3), TGF-β1/Smad3, JNK/p38 MAPK, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway were detected by Western blot. The skeletal muscle atrophy was evaluated by muscle wet weight ratio and cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of myofibers. The mitophagy was observed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, and muscle fiber type transition was analyzed through fast myosin skeletal heavy chain antibody staining. Results The proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were largely induced in TA muscles after sciatic nerve transection. PQQ can significantly reverse this phenomenon, as evidenced by the decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. Moreover, PQQ could significantly attenuate the signal activation of Jak2/STAT3, TGF-β1/Smad3, JNK/p38 MAPK, and NF-κB in skeletal muscles after sciatic nerve transection. Furthermore, PQQ alleviated skeletal muscle atrophy, mitigated mitophagy and inhibited slow-to-fast muscle fiber type transition. Conclusions These results suggested that PQQ could attenuate denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy, mitophagy and fiber type transition through suppressing the Jak2/STAT3, TGF-β1/Smad3, JNK/p38 MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaoying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haian 226600, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Rajasekaran MR, Fu J, Nguyen MUL, Wang Y, Albo M, Bhargava V. Age and multiparity related urethral sphincter muscle dysfunction in a rabbit model: Potential roles of TGF-β and Wnt-β catenin signaling pathways. Neurourol Urodyn 2018; 38:607-614. [PMID: 30576002 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Prior studies demonstrate increased incidence of urinary incontinence (UI) in the geriatric population which affects their quality of life. Pathophysiology of UI in the geriatric population and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. To elucidate these mechanisms, we performed a pre-clinical study in a rabbit model and the objectives were to (i) determine the effect of aging as well as multiparity on urethral sphincter muscle thickness and urethral closing pressure (UCP); (ii) examine the role of fibrosis and atrophy; and (iii) elucidate the molecular pathways that mediate fibrosis and atrophy in the urethral tissue. METHODS New Zealand White female rabbits (n = 6 each; young 6-12 months and old over 30 months of age) were anesthetized and urethral muscle thickness and sphincter closure function were measured. Rabbits were then sacrificed and urethral tissues (bladder neck and mid-urethra) were collected to process for immunostaining as well as for molecular studies for markers for fibrosis (β-catenin which is an important mediator of Wnt signaling, Collagen-1, and TGF-β) and atrophy (MuRF-1). RESULTS Our studies showed a significant decrease in the urethral sphincter muscle thickness and closure function with age. Age-related increase in protein and mRNA expression levels of fibrosis, as well as atrophy markers were observed in the bladder neck and mid-urethral tissues. CONCLUSIONS Age and multiparity related increase in fibrosis and atrophy of urethral sphincter muscles may contribute to impaired urethral closure function seen in old animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevan R Rajasekaran
- Department of Urology, San Diego VA Health Care System & University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Johnny Fu
- Department of Urology, San Diego VA Health Care System & University of California, San Diego, California
| | - My-Uyen Lilly Nguyen
- Department of Urology, San Diego VA Health Care System & University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Yaozhi Wang
- Department of Urology, San Diego VA Health Care System & University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Michael Albo
- Department of Urology, San Diego VA Health Care System & University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Valmik Bhargava
- Division of Cardiology, San Diego VA Health Care System & University of California, San Diego, California
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Yang X, Xue P, Liu X, Xu X, Chen Z. HMGB1/autophagy pathway mediates the atrophic effect of TGF-β1 in denervated skeletal muscle. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:97. [PMID: 30526602 PMCID: PMC6286536 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a classical modulator of skeletal muscle and regulates several processes, such as myogenesis, regeneration and muscle function in skeletal muscle diseases. Skeletal muscle atrophy, characterized by the loss of muscle strength and mass, is one of the pathological conditions regulated by TGF-β1, but the underlying mechanism involved in the atrophic effects of TGF-β1 is not fully understood. Methods Mice sciatic nerve transection model was created and gastrocnemius were analysed by western blot, immunofluorescence staining and fibre diameter quantification after 2 weeks. Exogenous TGF-β1 was administrated and high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), autophagy were blocked by siRNA and chloroquine (CQ) respectively to explore the mechanism of the atrophic effect of TGF-β1 in denervated muscle. Similar methods were performed in C2C12 cells. Results We found that TGF-β1 was induced in denervated muscle and it could promote atrophy of skeletal muscle both in vivo and in vitro, up-regulated HMGB1 and increased autophagy activity were also detected in denervated muscle and were further promoted by exogenous TGF-β1. The atrophic effect of TGF-β1 could be inhibited when HMGB1/autophagy pathway was blocked. Conclusions Thus, our data revealed that TGF-β1 is a vital regulatory factor in denervated skeletal muscle in which HMGB1/ autophagy pathway mediates the atrophic effect of TGF-β1. Our findings confirmed a new pathway in denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and it may be a novel therapeutic target for patients with muscle atrophy after peripheral nerve injury. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0310-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Pingping Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The People's Hospital of Hanchuan, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hanchuan, 432300, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhenbing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Hu HH, Chen DQ, Wang YN, Feng YL, Cao G, Vaziri ND, Zhao YY. New insights into TGF-β/Smad signaling in tissue fibrosis. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 292:76-83. [PMID: 30017632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is considered as a crucial mediator in tissue fibrosis and causes tissue scarring largely by activating its downstream small mother against decapentaplegic (Smad) signaling. Different TGF-β signalings play different roles in fibrogenesis. TGF-β1 directly activates Smad signaling which triggers pro-fibrotic gene overexpression. Excessive studies have demonstrated that dysregulation of TGF-β1/Smad pathway was an important pathogenic mechanism in tissue fibrosis. Smad2 and Smad3 are the two major downstream regulator that promote TGF-β1-mediated tissue fibrosis, while Smad7 serves as a negative feedback regulator of TGF-β1/Smad pathway thereby protects against TGF-β1-mediated fibrosis. This review presents an overview of the molecular mechanisms of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in renal, hepatic, pulmonary and cardiac fibrosis, followed by an in-depth discussion of their molecular mechanisms of intervention effects both in vitro and in vivo. The role of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in tumor or cancer is also discussed. Additionally, the current advances also highlight targeting TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway for the prevention of tissue fibrosis. The review reveals comprehensive pathophysiological mechanisms of tissue fibrosis. Particular challenges are presented and placed within the context of future applications against tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-He Hu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92897, USA
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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