The prevalence of neuropathy among type 1 diabetic adolescents in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of Orthopedic Pains in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Context

Musculoskeletal disorders are among the main causes of death and disability and can impose high costs on individuals and countries. Considering the importance of pain, the present meta-analysis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of orthopedic pains in Iranian children and adolescents.

Methods

The present study was reported in line with PRISMA. The searching process was carried out using keywords, including adolescents, pain, youth, school-age children, shoulder pain, neck pain, shoulder, and neck, AND/OR operators for the articles published during 2000 and 2022 in Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Scientific Information Database, Magiran, International Statistical Institute, and Islamic World Science Citation Center databases. This study reviewed the articles that reported the prevalence of orthopedic pains (i.e., wrists/hands, shoulders, elbows, and knees) among the 5-18-year age group in Iran and extracted their results. Two researchers conducted the search quite independently and extracted the necessary data using a researcher-made checklist. The collected data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (CMA3).

Results

Initially, 418 articles were identified, and 14 articles were entered into the systematic review stage. The prevalence rates of pains related to wrists/hands, shoulders, elbows, and knees were 6.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.2 - 13.0), 26.9 (95% CI: 17.0 - 39.7), 2.9 (95% CI: 1.3 - 6.3), and 6.6 (95% CI: 3.0 - 14.2), respectively.

Conclusions

The prevalence of shoulder and knee pains in individuals under 18 years in Iran was high. Therefore, it is necessary to make necessary interventions and take preventive measures.

A systematic review of the prevalence, risk factors and screening tools for autonomic and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes

AIMS

We aimed to estimate the prevalence of Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in youth with type 1 diabetes; identify key risk factors; identify the most useful tests for the diagnostic evaluation of DPN and CAN; identify key treatment options for DPN and CAN.

METHODS

A systematic search was performed including studies published in the last 15 years. PICO framework was used in the selection process and evidence was assessed using the GRADE system.

RESULTS

A total of 758 studies were identified and a final number of 49 studies were included in this systematic review. According to moderate-high level quality studies, the prevalence of probable DPN, ranged between 13.5 and 62%; subclinical DPN between 22 and 88%; confirmed DPN between 2.6 and 11%. The Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument was the tool with higher sensitivity and specificity for detecting DPN, which needs to be confirmed by nerve conduction velocity. The prevalence of CAN was 4-39%. Specific treatment options for DPN or CAN in patients younger than 25 years are not available. Key risk factors for DPN and CAN are hyperglycemia/HbA1c, age, diabetes duration, the presence of other microvascular complications, waist/height ratio, lipid profile and blood pressure. For CAN, additional risk factors were cigarette smoking, BMI and total daily insulin.

CONCLUSIONS

Prevalence of neuropathy in youth with type 1 diabetes varies depending on different screening methods and characteristics of the study populations. However, the assessed studies confirmed a relatively high prevalence of subclinical neuropathy, reiterating the importance of early identification of risk factors to prevent this complication.

Psychometric properties of the Persian versions of acceptance and action diabetes questionnaire (AADQ) and the diabetes acceptance and action scale (DAAS), in Iranian youth with type 1 diabetes

Background

Psychological flexibility has considerable effects on medical and psychosocial outcomes in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian versions of the Acceptance and Action Diabetes Questionnaire (AADQ) and the Diabetes Acceptance and Action Scale for children and adolescents (DAAS), the measures of diabetes-specific psychological flexibility.

Methods

196 youth with T1DM completed the DAAS, AADQ (youth-report), Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA), and the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youths (AFQ-Y8). Also, their parents completed AADQ (parent-report). Data analyzed by SPSS V.26 and LISREL 8.8.

Results

The mean and standard deviation of participants' age was 14.7 ± 2.08.The internal consistency due to Cronbach's alpha method was 0.87, 0.8, 0.84, and 0.83 for DAAS total scores, avoidance, values impairment, and fusion, respectively. The internal consistency of AADQ (both parent-report and youth report) was above 0.8. Test-retest reliability (from 45 participants) with a one-week interval was assessed by the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The DAAS, AADQ-parent report, and AADQ-youth report's reliability coefficients were 0.93, 0.82, and 0.92, respectively. The AADQ (both forms) and DAAS evidence good content validity based on correlations with other measures. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) showed DAAS has the three-factor model, which strongly a suitable model is fitting. EFA also verified the AADQ model fitting.

Conclusions

In general, these results support the psychometric properties of the Persian versions of DAAS and AADQ among the Iranian youth patients with T1DM.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-021-00796-1.

The Effect of Spirituality Intervention on the Anxiety Parents of Hospitalized Newborns in a Neonatal Department

Admission leads to many problems in the family, one of the most important of which is Stress parents. Therefore, specify The Effect of Religious Intervention on the Anxiety parents of hospitalized newborns in a neonatal department. The study was a semi-experimental study with experimental and control groups and before and after the intervention, Anxiety and care pressure questionnaires were given to parents. The religion intervention in the 8 Session parents of hospitalized newborns in a neonatal. Data were analyzed by SPSS16 and descriptive and analytical tests. The study indicated that religion has an effective role in enhancing and bettering stress of parents. Thus, it is suggested that a cleric be present in the section for religious intervention. Moreover, it is suggested that religious interventions should be done by nurses as a group of people with a close relationship with the patients and their parents.

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND

Currently, diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most severe complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Despite the seriousness of this problem, limited evidence is available on the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy among patients with diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, there were no updated studies that estimate the national prevalence of DPN. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis provided a national prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy among patients with diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia.

METHODS

This study was submitted for registration with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) in March 2020 and accepted with the registration number CRD42020173831. Different database searching engines were searched online to retrieve related articles, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, African Journals Online, World Health Organization (WHO) Afro Library, and Cochrane Review. The reviewers used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline in the reviewing process. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, all published and unpublished articles were analyzed. The reviewers used the random effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy among diabetes mellitus patients. The reviewers conducted the statistical analysis using the R version 3.5.3 and RStudio version 1.2.5033 software for Windows. The reviewers evaluated the heterogeneity across the included studies by the inconsistency index (I ²). The reviewers examined the publication bias by the funnel plot.

RESULTS

The search of the databases produced 245 papers. After checking the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 38 articles with 14029 total patients with diabetes mellitus were found suitable for the review. Except for three (retrospective cohort study), all studies were cross-sectional. The overall pooled prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy was 22% (95% CI 18% to 26%). The subgroup analysis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy among patients with diabetes in the different regions was 23% (95% CI 17% to 29%) in Addis Ababa, 27% (95% CI 16% to 38%) in Oromia, 16% (95% CI 14% to 18%) in South nation and nationalities, and 15% (95% CI 6% to 24%) in Amhara.

CONCLUSIONS

More than one-fifth of patients with diabetes have diabetic peripheral neuropathy. According to this study, the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Ethiopia is considerably high. This evidence suggests that attention should be given to patients with diabetes in monitoring patients' blood glucose.

The effect of poetry reading on self-concept of primary adolescents

Objectives this study, regarding the importance and significance of self-concept in children's psychological health and considering the strong role of art in meeting psychological needs, aimed at investigating the effect of poetry reading on the self-concept of Adolescents. Methods This study was a classic experimental design of pre-test and posttest with two groups of intervention and control in the academic year 2016-2017. The research population included Adolescents who were studying in the city of Aq Qaladar in the province of Golestan, Iran. Sixty students. Data collecting tools included two questionnaires and "Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept" scale. The experimental groups were provided with poetry reading in eight group sessions of 60 min for 4 weeks. The poems were approved by 10 teachers with 10 years of experience, and the supervisor. Finally, paired t-test and independent t-test were used to analyze data using SPSS 16 (SPSS Statistics is a software package used for interactive, or batched, statistical analysis). Results Adolescents self-concept in the control group was 57.9(4.33) and in the experimental group 62.4(4.28) out of 80 questionnaires which showed a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.001). Which demonstrated the effectiveness of poetry reading on Adolescents self-concept. Conclusions Considering the positive impact of poetry reading on adolescent self-esteem, this intervention is recommended to improve adolescent self-esteem.

The Effectiveness of Spiritual Therapy on Spiritual Well-Being, Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy in Patients on Hemodialysis

Spirituality is an important part of practice of the healthcare providers. Spiritual therapy is important for patients with chronic and end-stage diseases such as end-stage renal disease due to changes in physical, mental, social and spiritual needs. Promotion of spiritual well-being, self-esteem and self-efficacy is very important for these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of spiritual therapy on spiritual well-being, self-esteem and self-efficacy in patients on hemodialysis. The quasi-experimental research design was pre-posttest with the control group. The statistical population was the patients on hemodialysis in Governmental Hospital of Shahid Mostafa in Ilam, Iran, in 2015. Twenty-four patients were entered to the study by convenience sampling. They were divided into experimental and control groups randomly. Twelve 60-min sessions of spiritual therapy were held for the experimental group twice a week. The tools included spiritual well-being scale of Paloutzian and Ellison, Self Esteem Inventory of Cooper Smith and Self-Efficacy Scale of Sherer. Data were analyzed by SPSS software through descriptive and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance). p Values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results indicated that the scores in the experimental group changed in spiritual health from 39.32 ± 3.38 to 43.40 ± 2.82, in self-esteem from 42.65 ± 2.61 to 45.90 ± 3.88 and in self-efficacy from 40.99 ± 2.19 to 44.65 ± 2.58 which was significant compared with the control group (p = 0.01). Spiritual therapy can be used as an effective intervention to improve spiritual well-being, self-esteem and self-efficacy in patients on hemodialysis. This intervention is directed to holistic care. It can be done by interdisciplinary participation in caring and psychological teams.

The effect of child-parent relationship therapy on social skills of Preschool Children: a semi-experimental study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Playing games for children is an instinct needed for ensuring happiness, it is a language for communication and self-expression, and a way to learn new things. Therefore, the present study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of child-parent relationship therapy (CPRT) on the social skills of preschool children.

METHODS

An experimental study with a pretest-posttest design was conducted on 60 preschool children in Kordkuy City, Golestan Province, Iran in 2017 by using a simple random sampling method in both the experimental and control groups. Routine preschool education was performed in the control group and in the experimentalgroup it was done based on play therapy protocol in 10 sessions for 45-60 min. The social skills questionnaire authored by Gresham and Elliott was used as a data gathering tool. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16.

FINDINGS

An analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed a significant difference between the scores of the experimental and control groups, which suggests that the CPRT model, a short-term plan of parental play therapy, can improve social skills in preschool children (p = 0/001).

CONCLUSION

Regarding the effectiveness of the CPRT, it is recommended that this method be used is an interactive-educational way in preschool centers of Iran.

The effect of positive thinking training on the quality of life of parents of adolescent with thalassemia

Introduction Thalassemia, as the most common chronic hereditary blood disorder in humans, can impose many adverse effects on parents and their affected children. On the other hand, positive thinking is the method or the result of a positive focus on a constructive issue, so by teaching positive thinking, we can improve physical and social function, and promote emotional health and overall quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of positive thinking training on the quality of life of parents of adolescents with thalassemia. Methods This quasi-experimental study was performed on 52 parents of adolescents with thalassemia who attended Taleghani Hospital in Golestan province, Iran in 2017. Samples were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control. The positive thinking training (based on the theory of Martin Seligman) was carried out in the intervention group in 10 (45-60 min) sessions over a 5-week period. Data collection tools in this study were the World Health Organization (WHO) quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and a demographic information questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 software using independent t-test, the paired t-test and a covariance test. Results The results of paired t-test showed a significant difference in the score of quality of life in intervention group before and after the intervention (p < 0.001). However, this test did not show any significant difference in the control group (p = 0.11). The covariance test, after removing the pre-test score, showed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of the score of quality of life, so that 13% of the changes after the intervention were due to the intervention (p = 0.009, η = 0.13). Conclusion The positive thinking training increased the quality of life of parents of adolescents with thalassemia. Therefore, using this program can be an effective way of improving the quality of life of parents. Thus, positive thinking training is suggested to be used as an effective strategy for increasing the quality of life of parents with ill children.

Comparison of the effect of self-care education in a disaster with two student-centered and family-centered approaches to self-care in students

Objectives The purpose of this research was to compare the effect of self-care education in disasters with two student-centered and family-centered approaches to self-care in students of the Red Crescent Societies in the city of Lenjan in 2017. Methods One hundred and fifty individuals were selected by random sampling from 270 people. The research instrument was a questionnaire. The questionnaire was approved by the opinion of supervisors and other experts. The present research is a quasi-experimental study. The covariance analysis was used to determine the difference between the two groups in the experimental and control groups and the effect of educational intervention. All of the above steps were performed using the SPSS 23 statistical program. Results The results indicate that there is a significant difference between the two groups in self-care through the student-centered approach. The mean of the self-care group with a family-centered approach (21.72) was more than the mean of the control group in this variable (16.61). Moreover, the mean of the self-care group's education with family-centered approaches (42.61) was more than the mean of self-care education h in a disaster with a student-centered approach (31.23). Conclusion According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between self-care education with two student-centered and family-based approaches to self-care in students, and a family-centered approach has better outcomes.

The association between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizure

Objective Different studies have reported contradictory results regarding the relationship between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and febrile seizure (FS). The present study was conducted to determine the effect of IDA on FS in children. Patients and methods This case-control study was conducted among 52 children with FS (the case group) and 18 children with afebrile seizures and 51 children with fever without seizures in the age range of 6 months to 5 years admitted to the pediatric ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ilam from March 2016 to January 2017. Patients were selected using the convenience sampling method. Red blood cell (RBC) count as well as measurement of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), ferritin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) levels were performed in all patients. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS16 software. Results A total of 34.6% in the FS group, 66.7% in the afebrile seizure group and 41.2% in the fever without seizure group suffered from IDA, which was not statistically significant between the three groups. Hb, Hct and RBC levels were higher in the case group and MCV, MCH, MCHC levels in the case group were lower than those in the control group. The odds ratio (OR) for FS compared to the febrile group was 0.756 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.34-1.68; p = 0.493] and that for FS compared to seizure was 0.265 (95% CI = 0.085-0.823; p = 0.022). Conclusions This study showed that IDA may have protective effects on the onset of FS, and based on the results, IDA is more common in children with afebrile seizures. Further and more comprehensive studies are recommended.

Effect of acupressure on post tonsillectomy pain in adolescents: a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial study

Introduction Tonsillectomy is one of the most common pediatric surgeries in the world and pain control following tonsillectomy is very important. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of acupressure on the amount of pain following tonsillectomy in children. Method One hundred and forty-four children aged 5-12 years old were assigned into one of three groups: interventions, control and placebo. In the intervention group, acupressure was applied at three acupoints and in the placebo group, sham acupressure was applied. In the control group routine care only was applied. Results There was a significant difference between an average of changes in pain score before and after the intervention during the 3 time periods after the tonsillectomy operation in the acupressure group (p = 0.002). Conclusion The results showed that acupressure had a positive effect on pain reduction after tonsillectomy in children in the intervention group.

The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on the mental health of students with an emotional breakdown

Background Mental health is a significant part of one's health and it is very important to pay attention to mental health. Objectives The aim of the study was to examine the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the mental health of adolescents with an emotional breakdown (EB). Methods This was a semi-experimental study, in which the students with an EB were divided into two groups: the experimental and control groups. Twenty people were selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to the ACT and control groups (each with 10 people). After obtaining consent to participate in the study, they were asked to fill the questionnaires as a pre-test. Then, the experimental group was treated for nine individual sessions (weekly one session). As this was a repeated measurement method, in sessions 3, 6 and 9, the questionnaires were completed again and the follow-up period was 1 month after the end of the interventions. Results Before the intervention, there was no difference between the score of the impact of love and rumination among the students in the experimental and control groups (p > 0.05); but after the intervention, the score of the impact of love and rumination in the experimental group decreased (p < 0.05). Conclusions It is suggested that ACT should be used at counseling centers of universities and educational institutions.

The effect of acupuncture on postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting after pediatric tonsillectomy: a systematic review

INTRODUCTION

Tonsillectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures among children around the world and management of post tonsillectomy complications are very important.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of acupuncture on the amount of pain, nausea and vomiting after tonsillectomy in children.

METHODS

In this study, two researchers searched individually for qualified articles on the effects of acupuncture on post-tonsillectomy pain, nausea and vomiting using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Google scholar and Ovid databases by September 2018.

RESULTS

After critically appraising the searched studies, 12 studies were selected and entered into a systematic review. Among the studies, various acupuncture methods were used.

CONCLUSION

This systematic review shows that acupuncture as a complementary method can prevent and reduce the severity of complications surrounding tonsillectomy.

Examining the effect of implementation of the nursing process on students' health behaviors

Introduction The nursing process is a method for solving the problems used to meet the health and care needs of individuals. Using the nursing process enables nurses to use critical thinking for clinical judgment and their care activities. Thus, the present study was conducted to specify the effect of the implementation of the nursing process on students' health behaviors. Materials and methods The population was first-year high school girl students in Kurdistan in 2016-2017 that comprised 90 students. The questionnaire used was one for the health needs of adolescent girls and was a standard questionnaire with 65 questions. The purpose was to evaluate the health needs of girls from different aspects (mental health, emotional needs, social health needs, educational needs, physical health needs, belief needs). Students were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups and nursing-based interventions were done for the experimental group. Data were analyzed in SPSS. Results The results showed no significant differences between students' health behaviors before the implementation of the nursing process, but after performing the intervention according to the implementation of the nursing process, the status of observing the students' health behaviors significantly improved. Conclusion Given the positive effect of the nursing process on enhancing students' health behaviors, this type of nursing intervention should be done in other studies and in clinics to enhance the health of the students.

The relationship between social skills and misconduct with their teachers in high school students in the City Aligudarz 2018

Whereas adolescence is one of the most emotional periods in every person life so having social skills and increasing awareness cause persons have beneficial and effective relationships with other people and avoid socially absurd behavior. On the other hand, with the reduction of social behavior student's communicational and the social aspects of growth will be improved: physical, psychological, mental and social. Hence, the aim of this study was to look at the relationship between students' social skills at the second level of high school with their teachers in Aligoudarz Province, Iran. The present study is a descriptive quantitative study of the correlation type. Statistical samples included 200 boy and girl students in the second level of high school in Aligoudarz Province which were selected in a multistage random manner. Data collection included a three-part questionnaire which included demographic information, social skills and a researcher-created questionnaire about parents' disorders which was supplemented by students and analyzed by statistical descriptive and inferential and SPSS 16 software. The findings of this study showed that there relation between students' social skills and relationships with their teachers, hence by increasing students' social skill training it can avoid disorder and help in their health education.