Pooled prevalence estimates of malocclusion among Indian children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Global perspective on child and adolescent oral health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of oral impacts on daily performance

OBJECTIVE

Several prevalence studies have estimated the region-specific impact of oral diseases on oral health-related quality of life. However, none of them reported and compared the same from a global perspective. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate pooled epidemiologic data about child-oral impacts on daily performance (C-OIDP) globally.

METHODS

A search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, SciELO, Semantic scholar, and Cochrane databases up to January 2023. Studies evaluating OIDP among 11-18-year-olds were included in the review. Quality of the included studies was evaluated using the health states quality index for cross-sectional studies. The meta-analysis used R package software version 4.3.0. A common effect model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO (CRD-NIHR) database with Reference ID CRD42023393798.

RESULTS

The systematic literature search yielded 257 unique citations. After screening titles and abstracts, 214 irrelevant citations were excluded, leaving 55 for full-text review. Overall, 43 studies from 23 countries were included. The meta-analysis reported a pooled prevalence impact C-OIDP of 53.36% (CI: 52.78-53.95, 43 studies, 16,622 participants). The prevalence of C-OIDP scores among South America, Asia, Europe, Africa and Oceania was 83%, 63%, 58%, 33% and 47%, respectively. The maximum prevalence was reported in South America while the least prevalence was noted in the African population.

CONCLUSION

Oral diseases affect the oral health-related quality of life of more than half of children and adolescents globally. Huge variations were noted in the prevalence of oral impacts across different regions. These findings can be utilized by policymakers to draft measures required for reducing impacts of oral diseases and improving the health-related quality of life.

Prevalence and contributing factors of malocclusion in Zhuang children aged 7-8 years in southern China

Introduction

Malocclusion, a common oral health problem in children, is associated with several contributing factors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mixed dentition stage malocclusion and its contributing factors in Chinese Zhuang children aged 7-8 years.

Methods

Overall, 2,281 Zhuang children, about 7-8 years old, were randomly selected using a stratified whole-cluster sampling method from schools in counties in Northwestern Guangxi, China. The children were examined on-site for malocclusion and caries by trained dentists, and basic data on the children were collected using questionnaires, including age, sex, parental education, parental accompaniment, and children's knowledge of malocclusion and treatment needs. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.

Results

The total prevalence of malocclusion in Zhuang children aged 7-8 years was 58.5%, with the highest prevalence of anterior crossbite tendency, and the prevalence of anterior crossbite and anterior edge-to-edge occlusion was 15.1% and 7.7%, respectively. This was followed by an anterior increased overjet of 13.3% and an inter-incisor spacing of 10.3%. The lowest prevalence was 2.7% for anterior open bite. Sex, parental accompaniment, parental education, and decayed, missing, and filled teeth of the first primary molar were factors that contributed to malocclusion in Zhuang children.

Conclusion

Malocclusion is a common oral problem among Zhuang children. Therefore, more attention must be paid to the intervention and prevention of malocclusion. The impact factors should be controlled as early as possible.

Prevalence of malocclusion in Turkish children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this article is to establish a comprehensive nationwide prevalence of malocclusion traits on the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes of space in the Turkish population.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was supplemented by manual searches of Google Scholar and the reference lists of included studies. Original Turkish health studies of any age were included. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology assessed study quality and bias (STROBE). Sagittal, vertical, and transverse malocclusion features were retrieved and gathered.

RESULTS

Eleven studies were selected from 434 titles. Two studies showed a high risk of bias, eight low and one moderate. Thirteen thousand two hundred seventy-one individuals were investigated from early childhood to late adulthood. Most studies were sampled from universities and dental (nonorthodontic) clinics. The pooled malocclusion prevalence was 56% for Class I (95% confidence interval (CI): 44-68%), 31% for Class II (CI: 6-42%), and 11% for Class III (CI: 21-37%). The other common types of malocclusions were crowding (41%, CI: 18-65%), overjet (34%, CI: 21-50%), negative overjet (13%, CI: 7-20%), and crossbite (11%, CI: 7-15%). Additionally, there was no significant difference in Class I (relative risk [RR] = 1.00, [0.96-1.05]), Class II ([RR] = 0.97, [0.92-1.03]), and Class III ([RR] = 1.08, [0.96-1.225]) malocclusion by gender.

CONCLUSIONS

This study showed Class I malocclusion has a high prevalence among the Turkish population followed by Class II and Class III malocclusions. In addition, crowding and overjet were the most prevalent malocclusions among Turkish individuals. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of malocclusions between males and females.

Prevalence of malocclusion among 8-15 years old children, India - A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective

We designed this review to assess the prevalence of malocclusion among 8-15 years old Indian children.

Methodology

The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO data with register number CRD42020214211. We employed the standard methodological procedures according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Electronic search was done in PubMed database and other sources in 2020 to identify studies. Only studies published in English after January 1, 2000 that assessed prevalence of malocclusion using Dental aesthetic Index (DAI) or Angle's classification of malocclusion were considered for screening. Selection of articles, data extraction and validity assessment were done independently by the two reviewers.

Results

Pooled prevalence of malocclusion is 35.40% (CI:35.37-35.43, 54 studies, 97959 participants). Males had higher proportion of malocclusion (36.20%, CI: 36.12-36.28,33 studies, 40456 participants). 13 years had higher prevalence of malocclusion (33.50%, CI:33.34-33.66, 11 studies, 3366 participants).Prevalence of malocclusion was higher among urban population (32.78%, CI:32.71 32.85,11 studies, 18313 participants). South India showed higher prevalence of malocclusion (39.58%, CI:39.54-39.62, 41 studies, 58645 participants). Prevalence of malocclusion as assessed by mean DAI score was 21.23 (CI:21.14-21.33,11 studies, 12345 participants).

Conclusions

The pooled prevalence of malocclusion among 8-15 years children in India is 35.40% (CI:35.37-35.43,54 studies, 97959 participants).Included studies were heterogeneous in their methods of assessment of malocclusion.