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Therapeutic Antiaging Strategies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102515. [PMID: 36289777 PMCID: PMC9599338 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging constitutes progressive physiological changes in an organism. These changes alter the normal biological functions, such as the ability to manage metabolic stress, and eventually lead to cellular senescence. The process itself is characterized by nine hallmarks: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. These hallmarks are risk factors for pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Emerging evidence has been focused on examining the genetic pathways and biological processes in organisms surrounding these nine hallmarks. From here, the therapeutic approaches can be addressed in hopes of slowing the progression of aging. In this review, data have been collected on the hallmarks and their relative contributions to aging and supplemented with in vitro and in vivo antiaging research experiments. It is the intention of this article to highlight the most important antiaging strategies that researchers have proposed, including preventive measures, systemic therapeutic agents, and invasive procedures, that will promote healthy aging and increase human life expectancy with decreased side effects.
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Kopalli SR, Annamneedi VP, Koppula S. Potential Natural Biomolecules Targeting JAK/STAT/SOCS Signaling in the Management of Atopic Dermatitis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144660. [PMID: 35889539 PMCID: PMC9319717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease caused by the dysregulation of cytokines and other immune mediators. JAK/STAT is a classical signal transduction pathway involved in various biological processes, and its dysregulation contributes to the key aspects of AD pathogenesis. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins negatively regulate the immune-related inflammatory responses mediated by the JAK/STAT pathway. JAK/STAT-mediated production of cytokines including IL-4, IL-13, IL-31, and TSLP inhibits the expression of important skin barrier proteins and triggers pruritus in AD. The expression of SOCS proteins regulates the JAK-mediated cytokines and facilitates maintaining the skin barrier disruptions seen in AD. STATs are crucial in dendritic-cell-activated Th2 cell differentiation in the skin, releasing inflammatory cytokines, indicating that AD is a Th2-mediated skin disorder. SOCS proteins aid in balancing Th1/Th2 cells and, moreover, regulate the onset and maintenance of Th2-mediated allergic responses by reducing the Th2 cell activation and differentiation. SOCS proteins play a pivotal role in inflammatory cytokine-signaling events that act via the JAK/STAT pathway. Therapies relying on natural products and derived biomolecules have proven beneficial in AD when compared with the synthetic regimen. In this review, we focused on the available literature on the potential natural-product-derived biomolecules targeting JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling, mainly emphasizing the SOCS family of proteins (SOCS1, SOCS3, and SOCS5) acting as negative regulators in modulating JAK/STAT-mediated responses in AD pathogenesis and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Venkata Prakash Annamneedi
- Convergence Science Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Chronic Diseases, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea;
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27381, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Tau and amyloid beta differentially affect the innate immune genes expression in Drosophila models of Alzheimer's disease and β- D Mannuronic acid (M2000) modulates the dysregulation. Gene 2022; 808:145972. [PMID: 34600048 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and neuroinflammation is considered as one of the main culprits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the independent role of Aβ42 and tau on the inflammatory pathway in the Drosophila models of AD and investigating the potential modulating effect of M2000 as a novel NSAIDs in those flies. The expression levels of relish, orthologs of NF-κB, antimicrobial peptide (AMP) including attacin A, diptericin B and a dual oxidase (Duox) as a ROS mediator, were evaluated in both M2000 treated and untreated groups followed by brain histology analysis to assess the extent of neurodegeneration. The potential inhibitory role of M2000 (β-D Mannuronic acid) on the aggregation of tau protein was also investigated in vitro. According to the result, there was a significant induction of Duox, AMPs and its transcription factor expression in both aged and Drosophila models of AD which was in accordance with the increase in the number of vacuoles in the brain section of Drosophila models of AD. Interestingly M2000 treatment revealed a significant reduction in all neurodegeneration indexes; in vivo and anti-aggregating property; in vitro. Findings suggest that M2000 has potential to be an AD therapeutic agent.
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Aslani M, Ahmadzadeh A, Aghazadeh Z, Zaki-Dizaji M, Sharifi L, Hosseini M, Mirshafiey A. Influence of β-D-mannuronic Acid, as a New Member of Non-steroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs Family, on the Expression Pattern of Chemokines and their Receptors in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 18:65-74. [PMID: 31657689 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666191023103118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the encouraging results of phase III clinical trial of β-Dmannuronic acid (M2000) (as a new anti-inflammatory drug) in patients with RA, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of this drug on the expression of chemokines and their receptors in PBMCs of RA patients. METHODS PBMCs of RA patients and healthy controls were separated and the patients' cells were treated with low, moderate and high doses (5, 25 and 50 μg/mL) of M2000 and optimum dose (1 μg/mL) of diclofenac, as a control in RPMI-1640 medium. Real-time PCR was used for evaluating the mRNA expression of CXCR3, CXCR4, CCR2, CCR5 and CCL2/MCP-1. Cell surface expression of CCR2 was investigated using flow cytometry. RESULTS CCR5 mRNA expression reduced significantly, after treatment of the patients' cells with all three doses of M2000 and optimum dose of diclofenac. CXCR3 mRNA expression was downregulated significantly followed by the treatment of these cells with moderate and high doses of M2000 and optimum dose of diclofenac. CXCR4 mRNA expression declined significantly after the treatment of these cells with moderate and high doses of M2000. CCL2 mRNA expression significantly reduced only followed by the treatment of these cells with a high dose of M2000, whereas, mRNA and cell surface expressions of CCR2 diminished significantly followed by the treatment of these cells with a high dose of M2000 and optimum dose of diclofenac. CONCLUSION According to our results, M2000 through the down-regulation of chemokines and their receptors may restrict the infiltration of immune cells into the synovium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Rheumatology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Aghazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Zaki-Dizaji
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Sharifi
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gaafar NAG, Razavi A, Mirshafiey A. β-D-Mannuronic Acid (M2000) as a Landmark in Pharmacology. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2019; 18:47-57. [PMID: 31880246 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666191227160300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this article is to retrace the studies of β-D-Mannuronic Acid (M2000) as a new immunosuppressive drug with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) property in miscellaneous aspects including in vitro, in vivo examinations, clinical trials and related to clinical trials studies. Our goal is to compare the effect of this drug with other similar drugs through varied researches and to follow tolerability, biocompatibility, potency, safety, and efficacy of this medication in different studies, as well as to evaluate its therapeutic effectiveness in various diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different methods were applied in the studies of β-D-Mannuronic Acid under in vitro, in vivo examinations, and clinical trials phase I, II and III and related investigations to these clinical trials using different techniques showing the efficacy of this medication in the treatment of various diseases. RESULTS The administration of β -D-Mannuronic Acid showed the greatest tolerability and biocompatibility compared to diclofenac, piroxicam, and dexamethasone without or very low side effects. The drug has shown a punchy effect on many molecules which participate either in physiologic or in pathogenic activities in animal models and human. This new drug not only revealed the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties but also based on the results of various investigations, β-D-Mannuronic Acid showed the antidiabetic, cardioprotective and anti-tumoral effects. CONCLUSION β-D-Mannuronic Acid (M2000) as a novel immunosuppressive drug with NSAID properties along with antidiabetic, cardioprotective and anti-tumoral efficacy showed great tolerability and safety profile. In addition, it has no or mild adverse events compared with many other medicines, therefore this medicament could be considered as a landmark in pharmacology and represent turn point in the treatment of different diseases based on the experimental and in vitro studies explained and clinical and related studies proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada A G Gaafar
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Razavi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mortazavi-Jahromi SS, Alizadeh S, Javanbakht MH, Mirshafiey A. Anti-diabetic effect of β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel NSAID with immunosuppressive property on insulin production, blood glucose, and inflammatory markers in the experimental diabetes model. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:435-440. [PMID: 29882437 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1481094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000) on blood glucose, insulin production, and inflammatory markers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Our data showed that the final fasting serum glucose level was significantly lower in the M2000-treated group compared to the diabetic control group (p < .05). In addition, the final fasting serum insulin level significantly increased in the M2000-treated group compared to the diabetic control group (p < .05). Our finding revealed that the serum level of hs-CRP and IL-6 decreased significantly in the M2000-treated group compared to the diabetic control group (p < .05). This study showed that M2000, as a new NSAID, was able to decrease serum glucose levels and increase serum insulin levels and this drug could significantly decrease the inflammatory markers in the M2000-treated group. Collectively, treatment with M2000 might be recommended reducing the severity of diabetes-induced inflammatory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Shahabeddin Mortazavi-Jahromi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus University of Tehran , Kish , Iran
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Javanbakht
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Taeb M, Jafarzadeh A, Mortazavi-Jahromi SS, Zainodini N, Mirzaei MR, Jafarnezhad-Ansariha F, Aghazadeh Z, Mirshafiey A. Effect of β-D-Mannuronic Acid (M2000) on Oxidative Stress Enzymes' Gene Using Healthy Donor Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells for Evaluating the Anti-Aging Property. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2019; 16:265-271. [PMID: 29766814 DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666180515122834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research aimed to study the anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects of low and high doses of the β-D-mannuronic (M2000) on gene expression of enzymes involved in oxidative stress (including SOD2, GST, GPX1, CAT, iNOS, and MPO) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy donors under in vitro conditions. METHODS The PBMCs were separated and the RNAs were then extracted and the cDNAs synthesized, and expression levels of the mentioned genes were detected by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Our results indicated that the high dose of this drug could significantly reduce the expression level of the SOD2 gene compared to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (p < 0.0001). Moreover, it was found that the high dose of this drug could significantly decrease the expression level of the GST gene compared to the LPS group (p < 0.0001). However, no significant reductions were observed in expression levels of the CAT and GPX1 genes compared to the LPS group. Furthermore, our data revealed that the level of iNOS and MPO gene expression was significantly reduced, in both doses of M2000, respectively, compared to the LPS group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION This research showed that M2000 as a novel NSAID with immunosuppressive properties could modify oxidative stress through lowering expression levels of the SOD2, GST, iNOS, and MPO genes compared to the healthy expression levels, with a probable reduction of the risk of developing inflammatory diseases related to age and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Taeb
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahabeddin Mortazavi-Jahromi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran
| | - Nahid Zainodini
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mirzaei
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Aghazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rezaieyazdi Z, Farooqi A, Soleymani-Salehabadi H, Ahmadzadeh A, Aslani M, Omidian S, Sadoughi A, Vahidi Z, Khodashahi M, Zamurrad S, Mortazavi-Jahromi SS, Fallahzadeh H, Hosseini M, Aghazadeh Z, Ekhtiari P, Matsuo H, Rehm BHA, Cuzzocrea S, D'Aniello A, Mirshafiey A. International multicenter randomized, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial of β-D-mannuronic acid in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:911-921. [PMID: 30604197 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-00557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral administration of drug β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) showed a potent therapeutic effect in phase I/II study in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Here, our aim is to assess the efficacy and safety of this new drug in RA patients under a multinational, randomized placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial. METHOD Patients (n = 288) with active disease at baseline and inadequate response to conventional drugs were randomly allocated to three groups; (1) receiving mannuronic acid at a dose of two capsules (500 mg) per day orally for 12 weeks, (2) placebo-controlled, and (3) conventional. The primary endpoints were the America College of Rheumatology 20 response (ACR20), 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28) and Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (M-HAQ-DI). In addition, the participants were followed-up for safety assessment. RESULTS In this phase III trial, after 12 weeks of treatment, there was a significant reduction in ACR20 between mannuronic-treated patients compared to placebo and conventional groups. Moreover, there was a similar significant improvement for DAS28 following mannuronic therapy. The statistical analysis showed a significant reduction in the swollen and tender joint count in mannuronic-treated patients compared with the placebo group. On the other side, mannuronic acid showed no-to-very low adverse events in comparison to placebo. CONCLUSION The results of this multinational, phase III clinical trial provided a potent evidence base for the use of β-D-mannuronic acid as a new highly safe and efficient drug in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rezaieyazdi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abid Farooqi
- Department of Rheumatology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Arman Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Rheumatology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saiedeh Omidian
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Sadoughi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Vahidi
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mandana Khodashahi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shazia Zamurrad
- Department of Rheumatology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Hossein Fallahzadeh
- Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Aghazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Ekhtiari
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hidenori Matsuo
- Nagasaki National Hospital, Sakuragi-cho 6-41, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antimo D'Aniello
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zoological Station of Naples "Anton Dohrn", Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran.
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Sharifi L, Moshiri M, Dallal MM, Asgardoon MH, Nourizadeh M, Bokaie S, Mirshafiey A. The Inhibitory Role of M2000 (β-D-Mannuronic Acid) on Expression of Toll-like Receptor 2 and 4 in HT29 Cell Line. RECENT PATENTS ON INFLAMMATION & ALLERGY DRUG DISCOVERY 2019; 13:57-65. [PMID: 30539708 PMCID: PMC6778985 DOI: 10.2174/1872213x13666181211160238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Anti-inflammatory agents play a crucial role in controlling inflammatory diseases such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) but their use is restricted due to their vast side effects. M2000 (β-D-mannuronic acid) is a new immunomodulatory drug. According to the capacity of M2000 in suppressing some molecules involved in Toll Like Receptors (TLRs) signaling and reducing oxidative stress we hypothesize that, this molecule may have a potential role in decreasing inflammatory responses in IBD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of M2000 and its effect on the gene expression of TLR2 and TLR4. METHODS HEK293 cell line was grown and divided into 96-well cell plate and MTT assay was performed. HT29 cells were cultured and treated with low and high doses of M2000. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA synthesized and quantitative real-time PCR was done to quantify the TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression. RESULTS We found that M2000 at the concentration of ≤ 1000µg/ml had no obvious cytotoxicity effect on the HEK293 cells. Also, low and high doses of M2000 could significantly down-regulate both TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression. Moreover, a significant reduction in gene expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in an inflammatory condition resulted in high doses of M2000 in the presence of LPS. CONCLUSION Our study which was conducted in colonic epithelial cell model, shows that M2000 can be considered as a new anti-inflammatory agent in IBD. However, more comprehensive experimental and clinical studies are required to recognize the molecular mechanism of M2000 and also its safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Tel/Fax: +98 (21) 88954913; E-mail:
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Khalatbari A, Mahdavi M, Jafarnezhad F, Afraei S, Zavareh FT, Aghazadeh Z, Ghaderi A, Mirshafiey A. Efficacy of β-D-Mannuronic Acid [M2000] on the Pro-Apoptotic Process and Inflammatory-Related Molecules NFκB, IL-8 and Cd49d using Healthy Donor PBMC. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2018; 17:225-232. [PMID: 30417790 DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666181109165837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This investigation evaluates the pro-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of β-D-mannuronic acid [M2000] compared to diclofenac, based on gene expression involved in apoptosis and inflammation process [including Bcl2, NFκB, IL-8 and Cd49d] in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells [PBMCs] of healthy donors under exvivo conditions. MATERIALS The venous blood samples of twelve healthy volunteers with aged 25-60 years were collected in heparinized tubes. The healthy volunteers were selected from no smoking group and without using illicit drugs and suffering from diabetes. The PBMCs were separated and divided into untreated and treated groups. METHODS The PBMCs of each sample were cultured in 5 wells of culture plate, so that the first well consisted of 2×106 cells exposed by LPS-EB [1μg/ml] to stimulate PBMCs and absence of M2000 [untreated well]. The second, third, fourth and fifth wells containing 2×106 cells/well and LPS-EB, after 4 hours incubation at 37ºC, received 5, 25 and 50 μg/well of M2000 and 5 μg/well of diclofenac, respectively as treated group. RESULTS The PBMCs were separated and RNAs were then extracted and cDNAs synthesized and gene expression levels were assessed by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, we studied whether M2000 is able to facilitate apoptosis in PBMCs. Our findings represent that the high dose of M2000 could significantly decrease the expression level of NFκB gene compared to untreated group (p < 0.0002). On the other hand, no significant change was observed in treated cells with diclofenac. All doses of M2000 could significantly augment apoptosis compared to untreated group [p < 0.0001]. Additionally, we observed the same apoptotic effects between the medium dose of M2000 and diclofenac. Besides, no significant reduction was shown in expression levels of IL8, Bcl2 and Cd49d genes in all doses of M2000 and diclofenac compared to untreated group. This experiment demonstrates M2000 as a new effective NSAID with immunosuppressive characteristics capable of stimulating apoptosis through lowering expression levels of NFκB gene, which might be probably considered as an appropriate drug for reducing the risk of developing inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atousa Khalatbari
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Jafarnezhad
- Department of Immunology, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sanaz Afraei
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Tofighi Zavareh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Aghazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Ghaderi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Medical oncology Ward, Cancer Research Center. Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Medical oncology Ward, Cancer Research Center. Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Caplan IF, Maguire-Zeiss KA. Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling and Current Approaches for Therapeutic Modulation in Synucleinopathies. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:417. [PMID: 29780321 PMCID: PMC5945810 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response in the central nervous system (CNS) is implicated as both beneficial and detrimental to health. Integral to this process are microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS. Microglia express a wide variety of pattern-recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors, that detect changes in the neural environment. The activation of microglia and the subsequent proinflammatory response has become increasingly relevant to synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Within these diseases there is evidence of the accumulation of endogenous α-synuclein that stimulates an inflammatory response from microglia via the Toll-like receptors. There have been recent developments in both new and old pharmacological agents designed to target microglia and curtail the inflammatory environment. This review will aim to delineate the process of microglia-mediated inflammation and new therapeutic avenues to manage the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian F Caplan
- Biology Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kathleen A Maguire-Zeiss
- Biology Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
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A phase I/II randomized, controlled, clinical trial for assessment of the efficacy and safety of β-D-mannuronic acid in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:737-745. [PMID: 29696564 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the potent efficacy of β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) in phase I/II trial in ankylosing spondylitis patients, the present clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of this novel drug in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who had inadequate response to conventional therapy. METHOD The study was a 12-week randomized, controlled, phase I/II clinical trial with two treatment arms: M2000 and conventional treatment. Patients who had RA according to the modified American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, with active disease at baseline also inadequate response to conventional therapy, were enrolled in this study. M2000 was administrated at a dose of two capsules (500 mg) per day orally during a period of 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients fulfilling the ACR 20% improvement criteria after 12 weeks of M2000 therapy. Moreover, the patients were also followed up for safety. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between treatment and conventional groups at baseline characteristics. The ACR20 response rate was significantly higher among M2000-treated patients than conventional-treated control, so that 74% of patients in treatment group showed an ACR20 response after 12 weeks of M2000 therapy (74 versus 16%; P = 0.011). 10% of M2000-treated patients and 57.1% of conventional-treated patient's adverse events occurred during this study. CONCLUSION Treatment with M2000 in combination with conventional therapy showed a significantly superior efficacy along with a high safety profile compared to conventional-treated patients. Thereby, M2000 might be suggested as a suitable option in the treatment of RA.
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Mirshafiey A, Taeb M, Mortazavi-Jahromi SS, Jafarnezhad-Ansariha F, Rehm BH, Esposito E, Cuzzocrea S, Matsuo H. Introduction of β- d -mannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel NSAID with immunosuppressive property based on COX-1/COX-2 activity and gene expression. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:1067-1072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Baeeri M, Mohammadi-Nejad S, Rahimifard M, Navaei-Nigjeh M, Moeini-Nodeh S, Khorasani R, Abdollahi M. Molecular and biochemical evidence on the protective role of ellagic acid and silybin against oxidative stress-induced cellular aging. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 441:21-33. [PMID: 28887692 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process in living organisms that is defined by some molecular and cellular changes with time. Various causes such as mitochondrial DNA aberrations, aggregation of proteins, telomere shortening, and oxidative stress have an influential role in aging of the cells. Natural antioxidants are compounds that are potent to protect the body from detrimental effects of molecules such as free radicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-aging properties of ellagic acid (EA) and silybin (SIL), as natural antioxidant compounds on rat embryonic fibroblast (REF) cells. These cells were pre-incubated with EA and SIL, thereafter were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Then, the cell viability, SA-β-GAL activity, distribution of cell cycle, NF-κB, and mitochondrial complex I, II/IV enzyme activity were measured. The results of this study revealed the protective effects of EA and SIL in H2O2-treated REF cells, which confirm the previous achieved data on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics of EA and SIL against H2O2 in the treated REF cells. However, more new in vivo experiments are required to discover the anti-aging effects and mechanism of action of such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Mohammadi-Nejad
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Navaei-Nigjeh
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shermineh Moeini-Nodeh
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khorasani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS-IC), Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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