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Peek V, Harden LM, Damm J, Aslani F, Leisengang S, Roth J, Gerstberger R, Meurer M, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Schulz S, Spengler B, Rummel C. LPS Primes Brain Responsiveness to High Mobility Group Box-1 Protein. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060558. [PMID: 34208101 PMCID: PMC8230749 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box (HMGB)1 action contributes to late phases of sepsis, but the effects of increased endogenous plasma HMGB1 levels on brain cells during inflammation are unclear. Here, we aimed to further investigate the role of HMGB1 in the brain during septic-like lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in rats (LPS, 10 mg/kg, i.p.). HMGB-1 mRNA expression and release were measured in the periphery/brain by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and ELISA. In vitro experiments with disulfide-HMGB1 in primary neuro-glial cell cultures of the area postrema (AP), a circumventricular organ with a leaky blood–brain barrier and direct access to circulating mediators like HMGB1 and LPS, were performed to determine the direct influence of HMGB1 on this pivotal brain structure for immune-to-brain communication. Indeed, HMGB1 plasma levels stayed elevated after LPS injection. Immunohistochemistry of brains and AP cultures confirmed LPS-stimulated cytoplasmatic translocation of HMGB1 indicative of local HMGB1 release. Moreover, disulfide-HMGB1 stimulation induced nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and a significant release of interleukin-6, but not tumor necrosis factor α, into AP culture supernatants. However, only a few AP cells directly responded to HMGB1 with increased intracellular calcium concentration. Interestingly, priming with LPS induced a seven-fold higher percentage of responsive cells to HMGB1. We conclude that, as a humoral and local mediator, HMGB1 enhances brain inflammatory responses, after LPS priming, linked to sustained sepsis symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Peek
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.P.); (J.D.); (S.L.); (J.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Lois M. Harden
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Jelena Damm
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.P.); (J.D.); (S.L.); (J.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Ferial Aslani
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Stephan Leisengang
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.P.); (J.D.); (S.L.); (J.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Joachim Roth
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.P.); (J.D.); (S.L.); (J.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Rüdiger Gerstberger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.P.); (J.D.); (S.L.); (J.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Marita Meurer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.M.); (M.v.K.-B.)
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.M.); (M.v.K.-B.)
| | - Sabine Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.P.); (J.D.); (S.L.); (J.R.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Chen X, Wang Q, Guo Z, Zhao Y, Luo S, Yu T, Zhang D, Wang G. Identification of the Nrf2 in the fathead minnow muscle cell line: role for a regulation in response to H 2O 2 induced the oxidative stress in fish cell. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1699-1711. [PMID: 32621163 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) plays a central role in cell protection against a wide variety of environmental stressors through the Nrf2-Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) pathway, but its involvement in modulation of antioxidant system of fish cell is still largely unexplored. The present study focused on the molecular cloning and silencing of the Nrf2 in the fathead minnow muscle cell line (FHM) in response to the oxidative stress induced by H2O2. A full-length cDNA of coding Nrf2 was cloned from FHM cells by RT-PCR and RACE approaches. The obtained cDNA covered 2578 bp with an open reading frame (1770 bp) of encoding 589 amino acids. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of conservation (51-86%) among 16 fishes. Based on the cloned Nrf2 sequence, the siRNA-242 of targeting Nrf2 with the best knocking down efficiency was designed and detected. Then, the mRNA levels of Keap1, Nrf2, Maf (musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene), and HO-1 (haemoxygenase-1); the activities of T-SOD (total superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and GSH-PX (glutathione peroxidase); the levels of GSH (glutathione) and MDA (malonaldehyde); and the cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed to investigate the molecular responses after H2O2 exposure. These results showed a coordinated transcriptional regulation of Keap1, Maf, and HO-1 and antioxidants (T-SOD, GSH, CAT, and GSH-PX) and MDA levels after H2O2 exposure, leading to oxidative damage and apoptosis. These findings provided an insight to understand the mechanisms of Nrf2 against oxidative stress in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Qiuju Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Zhixin Guo
- College of life science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, 134001, Jilin, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- College of life science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, 134001, Jilin, China
| | - Sha Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Ting Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Dongming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.
- College of life science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, 134001, Jilin, China.
| | - Guiqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
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Leisengang S, Ott D, Murgott J, Gerstberger R, Rummel C, Roth J. Primary Cultures from Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia: Responses of Neurons and Glial Cells to Somatosensory or Inflammatory Stimulation. Neuroscience 2018; 394:1-13. [PMID: 30342197 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary cultures of rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) consist of neurons, satellite glial cells and a moderate number of macrophages. Measurements of increased intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i induced by stimuli, have revealed that about 70% of DRG neurons are capsaicin-responsive nociceptors, while 10% responded to cooling and or menthol (putative cold sensors). Cultivation of DRG in the presence of a moderate dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 µg/ml) enhanced capsaicin-induced Ca2+ signals. We therefore investigated further properties of DRG primary cultures stimulated with 10 µg/ml LPS for a short period. Exposure to LPS for 2 h resulted in pronounced release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) into the supernatants of DRG cultures, increased expression of both cytokines in the DRG cells and increased TNF immunoreactivity predominantly in macrophages. We further observed an accumulation of the inflammatory transcription factors NF-IL6 and STAT3 in the nuclei of LPS-exposed DRG neurons and macrophages. In the presence of the cytotoxic agent cisplatin (5 or 10 µg/ml), the number of macrophages was decreased significantly, the growth of satellite glial cells was markedly suppressed, but the vitality and stimulus-induced Ca2+ signals of DRG neurons were not impaired. Under these conditions the LPS-induced production and expression of TNF-α and IL-6 were blunted. Our data suggest a potential role for macrophages and satellite glial cells in the initiation of inflammatory processes that develop in sensory ganglia upon injury or exposure to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Leisengang
- Department of Veterinary-Physiology and -Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniela Ott
- Department of Veterinary-Physiology and -Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jolanta Murgott
- Department of Veterinary-Physiology and -Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Gerstberger
- Department of Veterinary-Physiology and -Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Department of Veterinary-Physiology and -Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior CMBB, Philipps-Universität of Marburg & Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Roth
- Department of Veterinary-Physiology and -Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior CMBB, Philipps-Universität of Marburg & Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany.
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