1
|
Herman A, Wińska P, Białek M, Herman AP. Biological Properties of the Mucus and Eggs of Helix aspersa Müller as a Potential Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Raw Material: A Preliminary Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9958. [PMID: 39337445 PMCID: PMC11432642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, snail mucus (SM) has become popular as an active ingredient in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. In turn, snail eggs (SEs) also seem to be a promising active compound, but the biological activities of SEs are significantly less known. Therefore, our preliminary study aimed to compare the biological activities of the SEs and SM of Helix aspersa Müller. The metabolomic analysis (LC-MS technique), determination of the antimicrobial activity (agar diffusion test, broth microdilution methods), antioxidant activity (ABTS assay), cytotoxicity assay (MTT), and proapoptotic properties (flow cytometry) of the SEs and SM were evaluated. It was found that the SEs and SM contain 8005 and 7837 compounds, respectively. The SEs showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC 12.5 mg/mL) and P. aeruginosa (MIC 3.12 mg/mL). The EC50 estimation of the antioxidant activity is 89.64 mg/mL and above 100 mg/mL for the SEs and SM, respectively. The SEs also inhibited the cell proliferation of cancer cell lines (HCT-116, MCF-7, HT-29) more strongly compared to the SM. The highest proportion of apoptotic cells in HCT-116 was observed. The reach composition of the compounds in the SEs and SM may be crucial for the creation of new cosmetic and pharmaceutical raw materials with different biological activities. However, further extended studies on the biological activities of H. aspersa-delivered materials are still necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herman
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3 Street, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Wińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3 Street, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Street, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (M.B.); (A.P.H.)
| | - Andrzej P. Herman
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Street, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (M.B.); (A.P.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pagano C, Ceccarini MR, Marinelli A, Imbriano A, Beccari T, Primavilla S, Valiani A, Ricci M, Perioli L. Development and characterization of an emulgel based on a snail slime useful for dermatological applications. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124337. [PMID: 38885774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Snail slime is an interesting material for effective dermatological use (e.g. wounds). Its properties are stricly connected to the origin. In this paper a snail slime, deriving from the species Helix aspersa Muller and obtained from a company, was deeply characterized and then properly formulated. The slime, obtained by Donatella Veroni method, was firstly submitted to NMR analysis in order to evaluate the chemical composition. The main molecules found are glycolate and allantoin, well known for their activities in wound healing promotion. In vitro experiments performed on keratinocytes, revealed the snail slime ability to promote cellular well-being. Moreover, the microbiological analysis showed high activity against many strains involved in wounds infections such as gram+ (e.g. S. aureus, S. pyogenes), gram- (e.g. P. aeruginosa, E. coli) and the yeast C. albicans. The effect on skin elasticity was evaluated as well by the instrument Cutometer® dualMPA580. The snail slime was then formulated as hydrophilic gel, using a combination of corn starch and sodium hyaluronate as polymers, then used as external water phase of an O/W emulgel. The formulation is physically stable and easily spreadable and demonstrated antimicrobial activity as observed for slime alone, suggesting its suitability to be used for wound treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Pagano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Maria Rachele Ceccarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessia Marinelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Imbriano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Primavilla
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Valiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ricci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luana Perioli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guglielmi MV, Mastrodonato M, Semeraro D, Mentino D, Capriello T, La Pietra A, Giarra A, Scillitani G, Ferrandino I. Aluminum exposure alters the pedal mucous secretions of the chocolate-band snail, Eobania vermiculata (Gastropoda: Helicidae). Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1453-1466. [PMID: 38407429 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is used in everyday life and present in food drugs, packaging, industry, and agriculture. Although it is the most common metal in the Earth crust, a correlation has been demonstrated between its presence and various pathologies, even serious ones, especially of a neurological type. However, there is a histological gap regarding the role Al can have in contact with the covering and secreting epithelia. The alterations of the ventral and dorsal foot mucocytes and their secretions of the snail Eobania vermiculata caused by Al were investigated in situ by histochemical and lectin-histochemical techniques. Administration to different experimental groups took place for 3 and 9 days with 50 and 200 μM of AlCl3. Several types of mucocytes were detected with a prevalent secretion of acid glycans in the foot of E. vermiculata. Sulfated glycans prevail in the dorsal region, with one type showing only fucosylated residues and another also having galactosaminylated and glycosaminylated residues. Carboxylated glycans prevail in the ventral region, with presence of galactosaminylated, glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residuals in both cells. Snails treated presented a general decrease of mucin amount in the secreting cells and affected the mucus composition. These changes could alter the rheological and functional properties of the mucus with possible implications for the health of the treated animals. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Snails were fed with Al-contaminated lettuce at different concentrations. In the foot mucocytes produced mucus with prevailing acidic glycans. In the treated resulted a reduction in the amount of mucus and an alteration of glycan composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vito Guglielmi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Mastrodonato
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Semeraro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Donatella Mentino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Teresa Capriello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Giarra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scillitani
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Ida Ferrandino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Velkova L, Dolashki A, Petrova V, Pisareva E, Kaynarov D, Kermedchiev M, Todorova M, Dolashka P. Antibacterial Properties of Peptide and Protein Fractions from Cornu aspersum Mucus. Molecules 2024; 29:2886. [PMID: 38930951 PMCID: PMC11206429 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery and investigation of new natural compounds with antimicrobial activity are new potential strategies to reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance. The presented study reveals, for the first time, the promising antibacterial potential of two fractions from Cornu aspersum mucus with an MW < 20 kDa and an MW > 20 kDa against five bacterial pathogens-Bacillus cereus 1085, Propionibacterium acnes 1897, Salmonella enterica 8691, Enterococcus faecalis 3915, and Enterococcus faecium 8754. Using de novo sequencing, 16 novel peptides with potential antibacterial activity were identified in a fraction with an MW < 20 kDa. Some bioactive compounds in a mucus fraction with an MW > 20 kDa were determined via a proteomic analysis on 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and bioinformatics. High homology with proteins and glycoproteins was found, with potential antibacterial activity in mucus proteins named aspernin, hemocyanins, H-lectins, and L-amino acid oxidase-like protein, as well as mucins (mucin-5AC, mucin-5B, mucin-2, and mucin-17). We hypothesize that the synergy between the bioactive components determined in the composition of the fraction > 20 kDa are responsible for the high antibacterial activity against the tested pathogens in concentrations between 32 and 128 µg/mL, which is comparable to vancomycin, but without cytotoxic effects on model eukaryotic cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Additionally, a positive effect, by reducing the levels of intracellular oxidative damage and increasing antioxidant capacity, on S. cerevisiae cells was found for both mucus extract fractions of C. aspersum. These findings may serve as a basis for further studies to develop a new antibacterial agent preventing the development of antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Velkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (D.K.); (M.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Aleksandar Dolashki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (D.K.); (M.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Ventsislava Petrova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 8 Dragan Tzankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Emiliya Pisareva
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 8 Dragan Tzankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Dimitar Kaynarov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (D.K.); (M.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Momchil Kermedchiev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (D.K.); (M.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Maria Todorova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (D.K.); (M.K.); (M.T.)
- Businesslab Ltd., Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 4A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Pavlina Dolashka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (D.K.); (M.K.); (M.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chetruengchai W, Jirapatrasilp P, Srichomthong C, Assawapitaksakul A, Pholyotha A, Tongkerd P, Shotelersuk V, Panha S. De novo genome assembly and transcriptome sequencing in foot and mantle tissues of Megaustenia siamensis reveals components of adhesive substances. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13756. [PMID: 38877053 PMCID: PMC11178922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The semislug Megaustenia siamensis, commonly found in Thailand, is notable for its exceptional capacity to produce biological adhesives, enabling it to adhere to tree leaves even during heavy rainfall. In this study, we generated the first reference genome for M. siamensis using a combination of three sequencing technologies: Illumina's short-read, Pac-Bio's HIFI long-read, and Hi-C. The assembled genome size was 2593 billion base pairs (bp), containing 34,882 protein-coding genes. Our analysis revealed positive selection in pathways associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Furthermore, RNA sequencing of foot and mantle tissues unveiled the primary constituents of the adhesive, including lectin-like proteins (C-lectin, H-lectin, and C1q) and matrilin-like proteins (VWA and EGF). Additionally, antimicrobial peptides were identified. The comprehensive M. siamensis genome and tissue-specific transcriptomic data provided here offer valuable resources for understanding its biology and exploring potential medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanna Chetruengchai
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Parin Jirapatrasilp
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chalurmpon Srichomthong
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Adjima Assawapitaksakul
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Arthit Pholyotha
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Piyoros Tongkerd
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Somsak Panha
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dolashka P, Marinova K, Petrov P, Petrova V, Ranguelov B, Atanasova-Vladimirova S, Kaynarov D, Stoycheva I, Pisareva E, Tomova A, Kosateva A, Velkova L, Dolashki A. Development of CuO Nanoparticles from the Mucus of Garden Snail Cornu aspersum as New Antimicrobial Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:506. [PMID: 38675466 PMCID: PMC11054170 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Several biologically active compounds involved in the green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles have been isolated from snail mucus and characterized. This paper presents a successful method for the application of snail mucus from Cornu aspersum as a bioreducing agent of copper sulfate and as a biostabilizer of the copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs-Muc) obtained. The synthesis at room temperature and neutral pH yielded nanoparticles with a spherical shape and an average diameter of 150 nm. The structure and properties of CuONPs-Muc were characterized using various methods and techniques, such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D-PAGE), up-conversion infrared spectroscopy Fourier transform (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Raman spectroscopy and imaging, thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DSC), etc. Mucus proteins with molecular weights of 30.691 kDa and 26.549 kDa were identified, which are involved in the biogenic production of CuONPs-Muc. The macromolecular shell of proteins formed around the copper ions contributes to a higher efficiency of the synthesized CuONPs-Muc in inhibiting the bacterial growth of several Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis NBIMCC2353, Bacillus spizizenii ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Listeria innocua NBIMCC8755) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC8739, Salmonella enteitidis NBIMCC8691, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ATCC 17666) bacteria compared to baseline mucus. The bioorganic synthesis of snail mucus presented here provides CuONPs-Muc with a highly pronounced antimicrobial effect. These results will expand knowledge in the field of natural nanomaterials and their role in emerging dosage forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Dolashka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center for Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.D.); (K.M.); (P.P.); (D.K.); (I.S.); (A.K.); (L.V.)
| | - Karina Marinova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center for Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.D.); (K.M.); (P.P.); (D.K.); (I.S.); (A.K.); (L.V.)
| | - Petar Petrov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center for Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.D.); (K.M.); (P.P.); (D.K.); (I.S.); (A.K.); (L.V.)
| | - Ventsislava Petrova
- Faculty of Biology (SU-BF), Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.P.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Bogdan Ranguelov
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Rostislav Kaishev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (B.R.); (S.A.-V.)
| | - Stella Atanasova-Vladimirova
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Rostislav Kaishev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (B.R.); (S.A.-V.)
| | - Dimitar Kaynarov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center for Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.D.); (K.M.); (P.P.); (D.K.); (I.S.); (A.K.); (L.V.)
| | - Ivanka Stoycheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center for Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.D.); (K.M.); (P.P.); (D.K.); (I.S.); (A.K.); (L.V.)
| | - Emiliya Pisareva
- Faculty of Biology (SU-BF), Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.P.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Anna Tomova
- Faculty of Biology (SU-BF), Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.P.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Angelina Kosateva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center for Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.D.); (K.M.); (P.P.); (D.K.); (I.S.); (A.K.); (L.V.)
| | - Lyudmila Velkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center for Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.D.); (K.M.); (P.P.); (D.K.); (I.S.); (A.K.); (L.V.)
| | - Aleksandar Dolashki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center for Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.D.); (K.M.); (P.P.); (D.K.); (I.S.); (A.K.); (L.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kandeil MA, Mona MM. Evaluation of antioxidant, antityrosinase, and anticancer activity of mucus extract from both Egyptian land snails, Eremina desertorum and Helix aspersa, with emphasis on their chemical profiles. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:182-192. [PMID: 38155516 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The snail mucus provides several functions and is increasingly being exploited for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. This study aimed to determine the chemical profile of two snail mucus extracts: the garden snail (Helix aspersa) and the desert snail (Eremina desertorum). In addition, it elucidates the antityrosinase, antioxidant, and anticancer activities against the human cancer cell line epithelioid carcinoma (Hela). The mucus was extracted from the pedal glands of garden snails (H. aspersa) and desert snails (E. desertorum). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and the content of catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione were utilized to assess the antioxidative screening activity of the mucus extracts. Besides a tyrosinase inhibitor assay, anticancer activity on cervical cancer cells (Hela) was studied. Additionally, the two mucus samples' total protein, total lipid, fatty acid, and amino acid profiles were compared. The mucus from both snails exhibited antioxidant activity. E. desertorum is more effective in inhibiting tyrosinase activity and has better scavenging activity than H. aspersa mucus extract. Both extracts revealed inhibitory activity against Hela cells, with insignificant differences. Moreover, the results indicated higher protein, lipids, and fatty acids mucus content of E. desertorum extract than those of H. aspersa mucus extract. Both snail slimes' obtained different biological activities, and amino acid contents could be related to their specific functions and beneficial for medical applications, especially antihyperpigmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manar A Kandeil
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mahy M Mona
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Valeria C, Salvatore P, Luca V, Maria G, Ludovica M, Cristina S, Lucia M, Angela C, Valeria S. Innovative snail-mucus-extract (SME)-coated nanoparticles exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects for potential skin cancer prevention and treatment. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7655-7663. [PMID: 38440280 PMCID: PMC10911411 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00291a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, several studies have highlighted the ability of snail mucus in maintaining healthy skin conditions due to its emollient, regenerative and protective properties. In particular, mucus derived from H. aspersa muller has been reported to have beneficial effects such as antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and wound repair capacity. To enhance antioxidant activity of snail mucus, it was extracted in a hydroalcoholic solution and consequently freeze-dried. The obtained snail mucus extract (SME) was indeed endowed with higher antioxidant activity observed in cell-free models, however it was not possible to test its effects in cellular models as it creates a thick film on the cell surface. Therefore, in order to enhance beneficial effects of snail mucus and extend its potential use, SME was used to develop snail mucus extract-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs-SME) which exhibited anti-inflammatory properties on non-tumorigenic cells. LPS-induced inflammation in human NCTC keratinocytes was used as model to investigate the in vitro cytoprotective effects of nanoparticles. Co-treatment with LPS and AuNPs-SME significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine transcription. Moreover, we demonstrated that AuNPs-SME not only can be used for anti-inflammatory treatments, but also as a sunscreen and antioxidant for potential cosmetic applications. Furthermore, AuNPs-SME's ability to selectively inhibit the growth of two human melanoma cell lines without affecting immortalized human keratinocyte viability in the same conditions was assessed. Thus, we demonstrated that snail mucus is suitable for creating innovative formulations and it can be considered a valid candidate for cosmeceutical applications to enrich the snail mucus based anti-age and sunscreen products already present on the market. Moreover, innovative formulations containing snail mucus can be potentially used for the treatment of specific skin neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Consoli Valeria
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania Via Santa Sofia 64 95125 Catania Italy
- CERNUT-Research Centre for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Petralia Salvatore
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania Via Santa Sofia 64 95125 Catania Italy
- CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry Via Paolo Gaifami 18 95126 Catania Italy
| | - Vanella Luca
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania Via Santa Sofia 64 95125 Catania Italy
- CERNUT-Research Centre for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Gulisano Maria
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania Via Santa Sofia 64 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Maugeri Ludovica
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania Via Santa Sofia 64 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Satriano Cristina
- NanoHybrid Biointerfaces Laboratory (NHBIL), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania Viale Andrea Doria, 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Montenegro Lucia
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania Via Santa Sofia 64 95125 Catania Italy
- CERNUT-Research Centre for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Castellano Angela
- Mediterranean Nutraceutical Extracts (Medinutrex) Via Vincenzo Giuffrida 202 95128 Catania Italy
| | - Sorrenti Valeria
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania Via Santa Sofia 64 95125 Catania Italy
- CERNUT-Research Centre for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania 95125 Catania Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Peng Q, Gong X, Jiang R, Yang N, Chen R, Dai B, Wang R. Performance and characterization of snail adhesive mucus as a bioflocculant against toxic Microcystis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115921. [PMID: 38183749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Toxic Microcystis blooms are widespread in aquatic bodies, posing major threats to aquatic and human life. Recently, bioflocculants have attracted considerable attention as a promising biomaterial for Microcystis management. In search of a novel organism that can produce an efficient bioflocculant for controlling harmful algae sustainably, the native gastropod Cipangopaludina chinensis was co-cultured continuously with toxic Microcystis under different initial algal cell densities. The bioflocculation effect of snail mucus on toxic Microcystis, microcystin removal, and toxin accumulation in snails was investigated. In addition, the properties of the adhesive mucus were characterized using microscopic, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and polysaccharide and proteome analyses. Microcystis cells were captured and flocculated by the snail mucus; removal efficiencies of up to 89.9% and 84.8% were achieved for microalgae and microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR), respectively, when co-cultured with C. chinensis for only one day. After nine-day exposure, less than 5.49 µg/kg DW microcystins accumulated in the snails, indicating safety for human consumption. The snail mucus contained 104.3 µg/mg protein and 72.7 µg/mg carbohydrate, which provide several functional groups beneficial for Microcystis bioflocculation. The main monosaccharide subunits of polysaccharides are galactose, galactosamine, glucosamine, fucose, glucose, and mannose. Most of them are key components of polysaccharides in many bioflocculants. Gene Ontology analysis indicated the protein enrichment in binding processes and catalytic activity, which may account for Microcystis bioflocculation via protein binding or enzymatic reactions. The findings indicate that native C. chinensis secretes adhesive mucus that can act as bioflocculant for toxic Microcystis from ambient water and can be an effective and eco-friendly tool for Microcystis suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyue Gong
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruixin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruiting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Binglin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pathak CR, Luitel H, Utaaker KS, Khanal P. One-health approach on the future application of snails: a focus on snail-transmitted parasitic diseases. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:28. [PMID: 38082123 PMCID: PMC10713800 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Snails are fascinating molluscs with unique morphological and physiological adaptive features to cope with various environments. They have traditionally been utilized as food and feed sources in many regions of the world. The future exploitation of alternative nutrient sources, like snails, is likely to increase further. Snails, however, also serve as an intermediate host for several zoonotic parasites. A category of parasitic infections, known as snail-transmitted parasitic diseases (STPDs), is harmful to humans and animals and is mainly driven by various trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. The environment plays a crucial role in transmitting these parasites, as suitable habitats and conditions can facilitate their growth and proliferation in snails. In light of diverse environmental settings and biologically categorized snail species, this review evaluates the dynamics of significant STPDs of zoological importance. Additionally, possible diagnostic approaches for the prevention of STPDs are highlighted. One-health measures must be considered when employing snails as an alternative food or feed source to ensure the safety of snail-based products and prevent any adverse effects on humans, animals, and the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chet Raj Pathak
- Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Nepal.
- Animal Science, Production and Welfare Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Skolegata 22, 7713, Steinkjer, Norway.
| | - Himal Luitel
- Center for Biotechnology, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Nepal
| | - Kjersti Selstad Utaaker
- Animal Science, Production and Welfare Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Skolegata 22, 7713, Steinkjer, Norway
| | - Prabhat Khanal
- Animal Science, Production and Welfare Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Skolegata 22, 7713, Steinkjer, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rashad M, Sampò S, Cataldi A, Zara S. Biological activities of gastropods secretions: snail and slug slime. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:42. [PMID: 37870705 PMCID: PMC10593653 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Gastropods, a mollusk class including slugs and snails, represent an extraordinarily diverse and ecologically significant group of organisms featuring the largest class of invertebrates. They can be classified as aquatic and terrestrial animals having coiled shells, although some species have reduced or absent shells. Their unique body structure includes a muscular foot for locomotion, a visceral mass containing essential organs, and a distinct head region with sensory organs such as tentacles and eyes. They are used to secrete a complex mixture of glycoproteins, enzymes, peptides, mucus and other bioactive compounds, namely slime, which represents a tool to allow locomotion, protection, and interaction within different habitats. The biological activities of the slime have attracted considerable interest due to their diverse and potentially valuable properties ranging from defense mechanisms to potential therapeutic applications in wound healing, antimicrobial therapy, management of inflammation, and neurological disorders. This review aims at exploring the beneficial effects of snail and slug slime focusing, in particular, on the improvement of the biological processes underlying them. Continued exploration of the intricate components of these slimy secretions promises to discover new bioactive molecules with diverse applications in various scientific and industrial fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rashad
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Sampò
- International Institution of Heliciculture of Cherasco - Lumacheria Italiana Srl, Corso Einaudi 40, 12062, Cherasco, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Susi Zara
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liegertová M, Malý J. Gastropod Mucus: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Biological Activities, Applications, and Strategic Priorities. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5567-5579. [PMID: 37751898 PMCID: PMC10566510 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial gastropod mucus exhibits multifunctional attributes, enabling diverse applications. This comprehensive review integrates insights across biomedicine, biotechnology, and intellectual property to elucidate the bioactivities, physicochemical properties, and ecological roles of snail and slug mucus. Following an overview of mucus functional roles in gastropods, promising applications are highlighted in wound healing, antimicrobials, biomaterials, and cosmetics, alongside key challenges. An analysis of global patent trends reveals surging innovation efforts to leverage gastropod mucus. Strategic priorities include bioprospecting natural diversity, optimizing stabilization systems, recombinant biosynthesis, and fostering collaboration to translate promising potentials sustainably into impactful technologies. Ultimately, harnessing the remarkable multifunctionality of gastropod mucus holds immense opportunities for transformative innovations in biomedicine, biotechnology, and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Liegertová
- Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology,
Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně
University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 3632/15, Ústí nad Labem 400 96, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Malý
- Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology,
Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně
University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 3632/15, Ústí nad Labem 400 96, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cerullo AR, McDermott MB, Pepi LE, Liu ZL, Barry D, Zhang S, Yang X, Chen X, Azadi P, Holford M, Braunschweig AB. Comparative mucomic analysis of three functionally distinct Cornu aspersum Secretions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5361. [PMID: 37660066 PMCID: PMC10475054 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Every animal secretes mucus, placing them among the most diverse biological materials. Mucus hydrogels are complex mixtures of water, ions, carbohydrates, and proteins. Uncertainty surrounding their composition and how interactions between components contribute to mucus function complicates efforts to exploit their properties. There is substantial interest in commercializing mucus from the garden snail, Cornu aspersum, for skincare, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and composite materials. C. aspersum secretes three mucus-one shielding the animal from environmental threats, one adhesive mucus from the pedal surface of the foot, and another pedal mucus that is lubricating. It remains a mystery how compositional differences account for their substantially different properties. Here, we characterize mucus proteins, glycosylation, ion content, and mechanical properties that could be used to provide insight into structure-function relationships through an integrative "mucomics" approach. We identify macromolecular components of these hydrogels, including a previously unreported protein class termed Conserved Anterior Mollusk Proteins (CAMPs). Revealing differences between C. aspersum mucus shows how considering structure at all levels can inform the design of mucus-inspired materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio R Cerullo
- The Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- The PhD Program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Maxwell B McDermott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lauren E Pepi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zhi-Lun Liu
- The Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Diariou Barry
- The Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- The Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Xu Yang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- The Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- The PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- The PhD Program in Physics, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Mande Holford
- The PhD Program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- The PhD Program in Biology, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, The American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Adam B Braunschweig
- The Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
- The PhD Program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- The PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vanella L, Consoli V, Burò I, Gulisano M, Giglio MS, Maugeri L, Petralia S, Castellano A, Sorrenti V. Standardized Extract from Wastes of Edible Flowers and Snail Mucus Ameliorate Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage in Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10185. [PMID: 37373341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have highlighted the ability of snail mucus in maintaining healthy skin conditions due to its emollient, regenerative, and protective properties. In particular, mucus derived from Helix aspersa muller has already been reported to have beneficial properties such as antimicrobial activity and wound repair capacity. In order to enhance the beneficial effects of snail mucus, a formulation enriched with antioxidant compounds derived from edible flower waste (Acmella oleracea L., Centaurea cyanus L., Tagetes erecta L., Calendula officinalis L., and Moringa oleifera Lam.) was obtained. UVB damage was used as a model to investigate in vitro the cytoprotective effects of snail mucus and edible flower extract. Results demonstrated that polyphenols from the flower waste extract boosted the antioxidant activity of snail mucus, providing cytoprotective effects in keratinocytes exposed to UVB radiation. Additionally, glutathione content, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid peroxidation levels were reduced following the combined treatment with snail mucus and edible flower waste extract. We demonstrated that flower waste can be considered a valid candidate for cosmeceutical applications due to its potent antioxidant activity. Thus, a new formulation of snail mucus enriched in extracts of edible flower waste could be useful to design innovative and sustainable broadband natural UV-screen cosmeceutical products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- CERNUT-Research Centre for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Consoli
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- CERNUT-Research Centre for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ilaria Burò
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Gulisano
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Ludovica Maugeri
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petralia
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Castellano
- Mediterranean Nutraceutical Extracts (Medinutrex), Via Vincenzo Giuffrida 202, 95128 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- CERNUT-Research Centre for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Danilova IS, Fotina TI, Danilova TM. Histological Studies of Snails at Different Periods of Their Life Activity. UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.32718/ujvas5-3.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Large species of terrestrial mollusks are used for human consumption and are bred for this purpose. They have become a part of national cuisine in many countries. Histology is used in many fields of humane and veterinary medicine. Its main essence is that this method can diagnose the presence of formations and inclusions. It is used to determine this process's structure and stage of development. Samples of different tissues can be used as material for histological examination. The specialist analyzes and describes the histological preparations obtained after processing the material. Thus, we proposed a histological method of studying snails. This method can provide the data of snails’ state as a whole. Snails of the species Helix aspersa maxima, Helix aspersa muller, and Helix pomatia were the material for the study. Ten snails of each species were selected for the experiment at different periods: immediately after hibernation, five days after wakening, 14 days after wakening, and at the time of their active life – in July. First, we conducted histological studies of snails during their active life, i.e., in the summer months. Therefore, for this purpose, snails for the experiment were taken in July. It was determined that if the snail eats and has an everyday life, its digestive gland generally consists of digestive tubules separated by intertubular connective tissue containing hemolymphatic sinuses and hemocytes. Thus, in our research, we studied the structure of the digestive gland. A circular muscle layer surrounds each tubule. There are three different cell types in the epithelium lining the tubules of the digestive glands, which differentiate into digestive cells, calcium cells, and excretory cells. Digestive cells are the most numerous cellular component of the tubular epithelium of the digestive gland. Basally located nuclei of digestive cells have a round or oval shape. During the rest period, the digestive gland of snails is characterized by a complete loss of digestive function and the transformation of digestive cells into excretory ones. Metabolic products are not excreted into the environment. When they accumulate, they fill all cavities in the body of snails, namely the lumens of glandular tubules, excretory ducts, stomach, and intestines. Food intake in snails increases the level of metabolism. It stimulates the differentiation of digestive cells, the functional activity of excretory cells, and the volume of excretory products. It leads to the complete liberation of the digestive tract from accumulated excretion products during the rest period. The structure of the digestive gland is completely restored.
Collapse
|
16
|
Liegertová M, Semerádtová A, Kocholatá M, Průšová M, Němcová L, Štofik M, Kříženecká S, Malý J, Janoušková O. Mucus-derived exosome-like vesicles from the Spanish slug (Arion vulgaris): taking advantage of invasive pest species in biotechnology. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21768. [PMID: 36526668 PMCID: PMC9870906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The slug Arion vulgaris has attracted major attention as one of the worst invasive herbivore pests in Europe and is renowned for the stiff mucus it secretes for locomotion. In this study we focused on the isolation and characterisation of extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes and exosome-like vesicles, from Arion secretions. We developed a method for slug mucus collection and subsequent vesicle isolation by ultracentrifugation. The isolated vesicles with an average diameter of ~ 100 nm carry abundant proteins and short RNAs, as well as adhesion molecules similar to mammalian galectins. We demonstrated that the slug extracellular vesicles are internalised by plant cells and human cancer cells in in vitro assays and are loadable by bioactive compounds, which makes them an interesting tool for utilisation in biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Liegertová
- grid.424917.d0000 0001 1379 0994Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic ,grid.424917.d0000 0001 1379 0994Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Semerádtová
- grid.424917.d0000 0001 1379 0994Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kocholatá
- grid.424917.d0000 0001 1379 0994Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Průšová
- grid.424917.d0000 0001 1379 0994Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Němcová
- grid.424917.d0000 0001 1379 0994Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Štofik
- grid.424917.d0000 0001 1379 0994Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Kříženecká
- grid.424917.d0000 0001 1379 0994Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Malý
- grid.424917.d0000 0001 1379 0994Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Janoušková
- grid.424917.d0000 0001 1379 0994Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Edible Snail Production in Europe. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202732. [PMID: 36290118 PMCID: PMC9597773 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Edible snails are a good source of easily digestible nutrients. They are easy to breed and their farming is more environmentally friendly than traditional livestock: they need little space, use less feed per kg of growth, and emit significantly less greenhouse gases. This review aims to present the most important issues related to the breeding of edible snails in European conditions: their importance, maintaining systems, the value of meat and caviar, and the feed used during the animals’ rearing and fattening period. Abstract The human population is growing; food production is becoming insufficient, and the growing awareness of the negative impact of traditional animal husbandry on the environment means that the search for alternative methods of providing animal protein is continuously underway. The breeding of edible snails seems to be a promising option. The most popular species of edible snails in Europe include the brown garden snail Cornu aspersum (Müller, 1774) (previously divided into two subspecies: Cornu aspersum aspersum (Müller, 1774) and Cornu aspersum maxima (Taylor, 1883)), as well as the Roman Snail—Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758. These animals are highly productive, require relatively little space, are easy to breed and their maintenance does not require large financial outlays. This review focuses on the prospects of food snail farming in Europe. It discusses the living conditions, the nutritional value of the snails’ meat, and the way of feeding the animals, paying particular attention to issues still not scientifically resolved, such as the need for micro and macro elements, as well as fat and carbohydrates.
Collapse
|
18
|
Pro-Angiogenetic Effects of Purified Extracts from Helix aspersa during Zebrafish Development. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3364-3377. [PMID: 36005128 PMCID: PMC9406997 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44080232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helix aspersa is a species of land snail belonging to the Helicidae family, widespread in the Mediterranean and continental area up to Northern Europe. In some areas it is appreciated as a food, but is mostly considered a parasite of gardens and cultivated fields. The mucus of Helix aspersa has found multiple applications in the cosmetic and health fields. In the present study, we investigated for the first time the angiogenetic properties of purified extracts from Helix aspersa using a transgenic zebrafish line Tg (kdrl:EGFP). The angiogenesis induced by purified snail extracts was demonstrated by their capability to increase the three well-established parameters of angiogenesis: generation of intersegmental vessels, modeling of caudal venous plexus, and formation of sub-intestinal venous plexus. The effects appeared to be mediated by the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway, being prevented by pretreatment of embryos with the selective VEGF receptor antagonist SU5416, and supported by the increased VEGF mRNA levels found in snail-extract-treated embryos. Insufficient vascular supply is underlined by low VEGF signaling, primarily because of its indispensable role in preventing capillary loss. Our findings might have a pharmacological impact by counteracting VEGF hypofunction and promoting angiogenesis to maintain adequate microvascular and vascular density in normal and suffering tissues and organs.
Collapse
|
19
|
Petrov L, Kachaunov M, Alexandrova A, Tsvetanova E, Georgieva A, Dolashki A, Velkova L, Dolashka P. Snail Mucus Protective Effect on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12081106. [PMID: 35892908 PMCID: PMC9330504 DOI: 10.3390/life12081106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, an increased interest in natural compounds with preventive or therapeutic potential for various diseases has been observed. Given the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer (GU) and the wide range of bioactive compounds isolated from snails, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Cornu aspersum (Müller, 1774) mucus on ethanol-induced GUs. Male albino mice were divided into Control, Ethanol, Mucus + Ethanol and Mucus + Omeprazole treated groups. The GUs were induced by administration of 96% ethanol (10 mL/kg, per os). One hour before ulcer induction, the mice of Mucus + Ethanol group were pretreated with mucus (20 mg/kg, per os), and the mice of Mucus + Omeprazole group were pretreated with omeprazole (20 mg/kg, per os). Ethanol administration caused grave lesions of gastric mucosa and a significant decrease of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione reductase (GR) activities. In the animals with mucus or omeprazole pre-administration compared to the Ethanol group, the following were observed: only a small number of hemorrhagic fields, significantly reduced GU index with calculated 73% protection by mucus and 78% protection by omeprazole, and significant recovery of mucosal GSH and SOD and GR activities. In addition, the mucus inhibited Helicobacter pylori growth. Thus, the protective effect of C. aspersum mucus on both gastric mucosa and gastric antioxidant potential in ethanol-induced GU model suggests that it may serve as a good tool for prevention of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lubomir Petrov
- National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, 23, Acad. Stefan Mladenov Str., Studentski Grad, 1700 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Mihail Kachaunov
- National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, 23, Acad. Stefan Mladenov Str., Studentski Grad, 1700 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Albena Alexandrova
- National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, 23, Acad. Stefan Mladenov Str., Studentski Grad, 1700 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.P.); (M.K.)
- Laboratory of Free Radical Processes, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.T.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elina Tsvetanova
- Laboratory of Free Radical Processes, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Almira Georgieva
- Laboratory of Free Radical Processes, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Aleksander Dolashki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 9, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (L.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Lyudmila Velkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 9, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (L.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Pavlina Dolashka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 9, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (L.V.); (P.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liang L, Qin Z, Dong X, He S, Yao M, Yu Q, Yu C, Liu M, Guo B, Zhang H, Yao F, Li J. Bio-inspired Antibacterial Hydrogel Adhesives with High Adhesion Strength. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200182. [PMID: 35640482 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Traditional adhesives such as cyanoacrylate glue are mostly solvent based. They are facing the problem of insufficient adhesion to some substrates, and also the drawback of volatilization and release of small organic molecules in the process of usage. Therefore, a novel adhesive with non-irritating, high adhesive strength and antibacterial properties is highly required. In this study, a full physically crosslinked zwitterionic poly(betaine sulfonate methacrylate) (PSBMA) hydrogel is proposed. The physical crosslinking interactions endow the hydrogel with good self-healing property. Besides, the pure physical crosslinking hydrogel can form PSBMA powder adhesive after lyophilization and return to the hydrogel state after hydration. The mechanical properties of PSBMA adhesive can be modulated via adjusting the solid content and initiator dosage. Following the cure process similar to that of snail mucus or insect exoskeleton does in nature, adhesion of the PSBMA adhesive is improved at least 100 times than its wet state. In addition, the PSBMA adhesive is easy to be removed due to the dissociation of cross-linked structure in salt water environment. Moreover, PSBMA adhesive with antifouling properties can effectively prevent adhesion of proteins and bacteria, which shows potential applications in assembly of medical devices. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhihui Qin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Xiaoru Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Shaoshuai He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Mengmeng Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qingyu Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chaojie Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Bingyan Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Fanglian Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Junjie Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
El-Attar AA, El-Wakil HB, Hassanin AH, Bakr BA, Almutairi TM, Hagar M, Elwakil BH, Olama ZA. Silver/Snail Mucous PVA Nanofibers: Electrospun Synthesis and Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activities. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:536. [PMID: 35629862 PMCID: PMC9148169 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare textiles are gaining great attention in the textile industry. Electrospun nanofibers are considered the golden soldiers due to their strength, flexibility, and eco-friendly properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the potency of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers loaded with newly biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) as a wound healing dressing. Chocolate-band snail (Eobania vermiculata) mucus (which is part of the Mollusca defense system) was used as a novel reducing and stabilizing agent. Data indicated the effectiveness of Eobania vermiculata's mucus in silver nanoparticle synthesis after a 24 h incubation time. The biosynthesized AgNPs-SM showed a 13.15 nm particle size, -22.5 mV ζ potential, and 0.37 PDI, which proved the stability of the synthesized nanoparticles. Eobania vermiculata mucus and AgNPs-SM showed potent antibacterial activity, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The electrospinning technique was applied in the fabrication of PVA/AgNPs-SM nanofibers, which were homogenous with a fine diameter of about 100-170 nm and showed a significantly high antimicrobial activity. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that PVA/AgNPs-SM nanofibers were safe and efficiently enhanced the wound healing process (typical histological picture of the proliferative phase with compact and well aligned collagen fibers in the dermal tissue after 12 days) together with bacterial growth inhibition in the infected skin area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aalaa A. El-Attar
- Microbiology and Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt; (A.A.E.-A.); (Z.A.O.)
| | - Hamdy B. El-Wakil
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria 21500, Egypt;
- Agricultural Animal Pests Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Alexandria 21616, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. Hassanin
- Centre of Smart Nanotechnology and Photonics (CSNP), SmartCI Research Centre, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt;
- Materials Science & Engineering Department, School of Innovative Design Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
- Textile Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Basant A. Bakr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt;
| | - Tahani M. Almutairi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Hagar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt;
| | - Bassma H. Elwakil
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria 21500, Egypt;
| | - Zakia A. Olama
- Microbiology and Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt; (A.A.E.-A.); (Z.A.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Książkiewicz Z, Roszkowska M. Experimental evidence for snails dispersing tardigrades based on Milnesium inceptum and Cepaea nemoralis species. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4421. [PMID: 35422107 PMCID: PMC9010452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal abilities in animals contribute to their local genetic variability and species persistence. However, the mechanisms facilitating a short-distance migration of small organisms remain underexplored. In this study we experimentally tested the role of land snails for a fine-scale transmission of tardigrades. We also check the ecological relationship between these two groups, by testing the impact of snail's mucus on tardigrades in anhydrobiosis. All the experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions. As model organisms, we used a tardigrade species Milnesium inceptum and a snail species Cepaea nemoralis. The selection of the experimental animals was dictated by their co-occurrence in natural habitats and similar atmospheric conditions required for them to remain active. Results of our experiments support the assumption that snails may transfer active tardigrades for short distances. On the other hand, the effect of the snails mucus on tardigrade recovery to active life after anhydrobiosis was negative. Death rates of tardigrades in anhydrobiosis (tun) were higher when affected by mucus compared to mucus-free tuns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Książkiewicz
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Milena Roszkowska
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
El-Zawawy NA, Mona MM. Antimicrobial efficacy of Egyptian Eremina desertorum and Helix aspersa snail mucus with a novel approach to their anti-inflammatory and wound healing potencies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24317. [PMID: 34934098 PMCID: PMC8692597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Snail mucus is composed of bioactive compounds thought to have different biological properties for the treatment of some skin problems. Although Helix aspersa mucus is used in several cosmetic products, a detailed characterization of Eremina desertorum mucus composition and its biological activities is still missing. Mucus extracts (MEs) from H. aspersa and E. desertorum were prepared and tested for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities with their potencies in wound healing. Also, chemical characterization was performed by GC-MS analysis. Results showed that ME of E. desertorum gave higher inhibitory activity against resistant strains related to burn wound infections compared to ME of H. aspersa. Additionally, it revealed a significant anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, we found that ME of E. desertorum lacked cytotoxicity and was able to significantly induce cell proliferation and migration through up-regulation of TGF-β1 and VEGF gene expression. Our results suggested that MEs of E. desertorum have higher biological effects than H. aspersa, which are attributable to antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory activities, cell proliferation and pave the way for further investigating its potential effect as a human therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nessma A El-Zawawy
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Mahy M Mona
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Allantoin from Valuable Romanian Animal and Plant Sources with Promising Anti-Inflammatory Activity as a Nutricosmetic Ingredient. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131810170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Helix aspersa (HA), Helix pomatia (HP) and Symphytum officinale are common organisms in Romania’s biosphere, widely known for their allantoin content and their therapeutic properties. Herein, the allantoin was separated and quantified from the aqueous extracts of Romanian comfrey root and the secretions of HA and HP snails. This study also focused on determining the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of these Romanian allantoin-rich samples. The plant extracts were obtained through two methods: ultrasonic extraction and enzymatic ultrasonic extraction. A microplate method was used for the quantitative determination of allantoin content. The antioxidant activity was measured by using the DPPH radical scavenging method. The antioxidant capacity of the samples was studied in order to observe the type of interactions generated by the chemical complex present in their composition. High concentrations of allantoin were obtained by enzymatic ultrasonic extraction method (EUE—102 ± 0.74 μg/mL), and also in the water-soluble fraction of the snail secretion (FS1—22.051 μg/mL). The antioxidant screening suggests that Symphytum officinale and snail mucus extracts could be used as promising natural substitutes for synthetic antioxidants in products used for therapeutic purposes. The evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity was also investigated, allantoin-rich samples showing a promising action (FS1—81.87 ± 2.34%). In future, the inclusion of allantoin-rich extracts in various novel pharmaceutical forms for new therapeutic applications could be achieved. The study will continue with the formulation of a nutricosmetic product with snail mucus and Symphytum officinale extract as principal bioactive ingredients.
Collapse
|
25
|
Newar J, Verma S, Ghatak A. Effect of Metals on Underwater Adhesion of Gastropod Adhesive Mucus. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15580-15589. [PMID: 34179602 PMCID: PMC8223214 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many gastropods release mucus hydrogels, which help them to remain attached to different substrates. Although not as strong as synthetic or biomimetic adhesives, some of these hydrogels have the ability to adhere to wet surfaces. These complex hydrogels mainly consist of proteins and carbohydrates, their natural cross-linking reactions being dependent on the presence of metals. In this paper, we investigated the role of metals in improving the underwater adhesive property of the mucus hydrogel from the slug Laevicaulis alte. We found that the strength and duration of attachment of two glass surfaces under water by the mucus hydrogel could be enhanced by its simple treatment with salts of metals, namely, Ca, Mg, Cu, or Zn. The degree of enhancement followed the order Ca2+ < Mg2+ < Zn2+ < Cu2+. The Cu2+-treated hydrogel kept two glass surfaces attached under water for about 20 days, while Zn2+ treatment caused attachment for about 15 days, as compared to the 3-5 days of attachment caused by the untreated gel. Treatment with both metals increased the underwater stability of the hydrogel almost threefold, presumably by strengthening its cross-linking. However, the Cu2+-treated hydrogel fell short of its adhesive function in the case of fast attachment within time scale of minutes, showing considerably low adhesive strength. From this study, we conclude that the treatment with Zn2+ is the best choice for improvement of the underwater adhesive property in terms of strength and stability. Overall, this work presents a novel biological underwater adhesive. The dynamic behavior of this multicomponent hydrogel in a versatile metal-rich environment may guide us toward designing new useful biomimetics.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hayashida PY, da Silva Junior PI. Insights into Antimicrobial Peptides from Limacus flavus Mucus. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2970-2979. [PMID: 34086076 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides have been a major research subject since the rise of antimicrobial resistance as a major public health problem. These molecules are considered a potential therapeutic source of antibiotics with broad-spectrum activity against microorganisms. Two antimicrobial peptides were isolated from the mucus of the Limacus flavus slug. The mucus was obtained by thermal shock, lyophilized and extracted with acetic acid. The supernatant was prefractionated in Sep-Pak and shortly thereafter fractionated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The manually obtained fractions were used in antimicrobial and cytotoxic assays and finally subjected to mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Characterization was performed by bioinformatics analysis with the tool Peaks®X + and by comparison with the NCBI and UniProt-SwissProt databases. Additionally, the physicochemical parameters of the samples were evaluated with online programs. Two fractions comtained antimicrobial peptides with the ability to inhibit Micrococcus luteus A270; both samples, LFMP-001 and LFMP-002, were hydrophilic molecules consisting of fewer than 20 residues. Comparison of the SDS-PAGE and Peaks®X + data showed that both had Mw < 3 kDa. In summary, this study presents data on the isolation and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from a slug and shows their potential against gram-positive bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Yumi Hayashida
- Laboratory for Applied Toxinology (LETA) - Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling - CeTICS/CEPID, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ismael da Silva Junior
- Laboratory for Applied Toxinology (LETA) - Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling - CeTICS/CEPID, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ballard KR, Klein AH, Hayes RA, Wang T, Cummins SF. The protein and volatile components of trail mucus in the Common Garden Snail, Cornu aspersum. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251565. [PMID: 34043643 PMCID: PMC8158898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Common or Brown Garden Snail, Cornu aspersum, is an invasive land snail that has successfully colonized a diverse range of global environments. Like other invasive land snails, it is a significant pest of a variety of agricultural crops, including citrus, grapes and canola. Cornu aspersum secretes a mucus trail when mobile that facilitates locomotion. The involvement of the trail in conspecific chemical communication has also been postulated. Our study found that anterior tentacle contact with conspecific mucus elicited a significant increase in heart rate from 46.9 to 51 beats per minute. In order to gain a better understanding of the constituents of the trail mucus and the role it may play in snail communication, the protein and volatile components of mucus trails were investigated. Using two different protein extraction methods, mass spectrometry analysis yielded 175 different proteins, 29 of which had no significant similarity to any entries in the non-redundant protein sequence database. Of the mucus proteins, 22 contain features consistent with secreted proteins, including a perlucin-like protein. The eight most abundant volatiles detected using gas chromatography were recorded (including propanoic acid and limonene) and their potential role as putative pheromones are discussed. In summary, this study has provided an avenue for further research pertaining to the role of trail mucus in snail communication and provides a useful repository for land snail trail mucus components. This may be utilized for further research regarding snail attraction and dispersal, which may be applied in the fields of agriculture, ecology and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaylene R. Ballard
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anne H. Klein
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard A. Hayes
- Forest Industries Research Centre, Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott F. Cummins
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rosanto YB, Hasan CY, Rahardjo R, Pangestiningsih TW. Effect of snail mucus on angiogenesis during wound healing. F1000Res 2021; 10:181. [PMID: 38912381 PMCID: PMC11190653 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.51297.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiogenesis is the process through which new blood vessels are formed from existing ones. This process plays an important role in supplying the oxygen and nutrients needed for cellular metabolism and eliminating cell debris during wound healing. Snail mucus can bind to several factors that stimulate angiogenesis, including vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor. The aim of this study is to observe changes in angiogenesis during the healing of wounds topically applied with snail mucus. Methods: Punch biopsy was performed on the back of male Wistar rats to obtain four wounds, and different concentrations of snail mucus were applied to each of these wounds. The animals were sacrificed on days 2, 4, and 7 to observe the extent of angiogenesis during wound healing by microscopy. Results: Two-way ANOVA showed differences in number of blood vessels formed (p = 0.00) and day of observation (p = 0.00) between groups. Post hoc Tukey's HSD test showed that 24% snail mucus treatment does not significantly affect wound healing (p = 0.488); by contrast, treatment with 48% and 96% snail mucus demonstrated significant effects on angiogenesis (p = 0.01). Spearman's test showed interactive effects between snail mucus concentration and day of observation on the extent of angiogenesis (p = 0.001, R = 0.946). Conclusion: Topical application of snail mucus gel can increase angiogenesis during wound healing in Wistar rat skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosaphat Bayu Rosanto
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Cahya Yustisia Hasan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rahardjo Rahardjo
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Tri Wahyu Pangestiningsih
- Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Snails can provide a considerable variety of bioactive compounds for cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, useful for the development of new formulations with less toxicity and post effects compared to regular compounds used for the purpose. Compounds from crude extract, mucus, slime consist of glycans, polypeptides, proteins, etc., and can be used for curing diseases like viral lesions, warts, and different dermal problems. Some particular uses of snails involve treating post-traumatic stress. Micro RNA of Lymnaea stagnalis, was known to be responsible for the development of long-term memory and treatment of Alzheimer's and Dementia like diseases. This review explores the application of various bioactive compounds from snails with its potential as new translational medicinal and cosmetic applications. Snail bioactive compounds like ω-MVIIA, μ-SIIIA, μO-MrVIB, Xen2174, δ-EVIA, α-Vc1.1, σ-GVIIA, Conantokin-G, and Contulakin-G, conopeptides can be used for the development of anti-cancer drugs. These compounds target the innate immunity and improve the defense system of humans and provide protection against these life-threatening health concerns.AbbreviationsFDA: Food and Drug Administration; UTI: urinal tract infection; nAChRs: nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; NMDA: N-methyl-D-aspartate; CNS: central nervous system; CAR T: chimeric antigen receptors therapy; Micro RNA: micro ribonucleic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varun Dhiman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, DharamshalaDharamshala, India
| | - Deepak Pant
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Onzo A, Pascale R, Acquavia MA, Cosma P, Gubitosa J, Gaeta C, Iannece P, Tsybin Y, Rizzi V, Guerrieri A, Ciriello R, Bianco G. Untargeted analysis of pure snail slime and snail slime-induced Au nanoparticles metabolome with MALDI FT-ICR MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4722. [PMID: 33813760 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds result from the failure of the normal wound healing process. Any delay during the tissue repair process could be defined as chronic wound healing, potentially having a highly detrimental impact on human health. To face this problem, in the last years, the use of different technologies alternative to therapeutic agents is gaining more attention. The Helix aspersa snail slime-based products are increasingly being used for skin injury, thanks to their ability to make tissue repair processes faster. To date, a comprehensive overview of pure snail slime metabolome is not available. Besides, Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) technology is spreading rapidly in the medical environment, and the search for AuNPs "green" synthetic routes that involve natural products as precursor agents is demanded, alongside with a deep comprehension of the kind of species that actively take part in synthesis and product stabilization. The aim of this work is to characterize the metabolic profile of a pure snail slime sample, by an untargeted high-resolution mass spectrometry-based analysis. In addition, insights on AuNPs synthesis and stabilization by the main components of pure snail slime used to induce the synthesis were obtained. The untargeted analysis provided a large list of important classes of metabolites, that is, fatty acid derivatives, amino acids and peptides, carbohydrates and polyphenolic compounds that could be appreciated in both samples of slime, with and without AuNPs. Moreover, a direct comparison of the obtained results suggests that mostly nitrogen and sulfur-bearing metabolites take part in the synthesis and stabilization of AuNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Onzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Maria Assunta Acquavia
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
- ALMAGISI, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Pinalysa Cosma
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro" di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Jennifer Gubitosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro" di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Iannece
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | | | - Vito Rizzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro" di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Guerrieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Rosanna Ciriello
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giuliana Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Noothuan N, Apitanyasai K, Panha S, Tassanakajon A. Snail mucus from the mantle and foot of two land snails, Lissachatina fulica and Hemiplecta distincta, exhibits different protein profile and biological activity. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:138. [PMID: 33858499 PMCID: PMC8050916 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Snails secrete different types of mucus that serve several functions, and are increasingly being exploited for medical and cosmetic applications. In this study, we explored the protein pattern and compared the biological properties of the mucus secreted from the mantle collar and foot of two snail species, Lissachatina fulica and Hemiplecta distincta. RESULT Protein profile showed a different pattern between the two species and between the two secretory parts. The mantle-specific protein bands were further characterized and among them was an antibacterial protein, achacin. Accordingly, the mucus from the mantle exhibited the higher antibacterial activity than that from the foot in both snail species. The mucus from H. distincta, first reported here, also showed antibacterial properties, but with a lower activity compared to that for L. fulica. Snail mucus also exhibited anti-tyrosinase activity and antioxidant activity but with no significant difference between the foot and mantle mucus. These results indicate some different protein compositions and biological activities of snail slime from the mantle and foot, which might be associated with their specific functions in the animal and are useful for medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nattaphop Noothuan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kantamas Apitanyasai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Somsak Panha
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rezende BS, Spotorno-Oliveira P, D'ávila S, Maia LF, Cappa de Oliveira LF. Evidence of a Biogenic Mineralization Process in Vermetid Feeding Mucus as Revealed by Raman Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. MALACOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.4002/040.063.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Seixas Rezende
- Museu de Malacologia Prof. Maury Pinto de Oliveira, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula Spotorno-Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Sthefane D'ávila
- Museu de Malacologia Prof. Maury Pinto de Oliveira, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Lenize Fernandes Maia
- Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Cappa de Oliveira
- Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Summer K, Browne J, Liu L, Benkendorff K. Molluscan Compounds Provide Drug Leads for the Treatment and Prevention of Respiratory Disease. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110570. [PMID: 33228163 PMCID: PMC7699502 DOI: 10.3390/md18110570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases place an immense burden on global health and there is a compelling need for the discovery of new compounds for therapeutic development. Here, we identify research priorities by critically reviewing pre-clinical and clinical studies using extracts and compounds derived from molluscs, as well as traditional molluscan medicines, used in the treatment of respiratory diseases. We reviewed 97 biomedical articles demonstrating the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties of >320 molluscan extracts/compounds with direct relevance to respiratory disease, in addition to others with promising bioactivities yet to be tested in the respiratory context. Of pertinent interest are compounds demonstrating biofilm inhibition/disruption and antiviral activity, as well as synergism with approved antimicrobial and chemotherapeutic agents. At least 100 traditional medicines, incorporating over 300 different mollusc species, have been used to treat respiratory-related illness in cultures worldwide for thousands of years. These medicines provide useful clues for the discovery of bioactive components that likely underpin their continued use. There is particular incentive for investigations into anti-inflammatory compounds, given the extensive application of molluscan traditional medicines for symptoms of inflammation, and shells, which are the principal molluscan product used in these preparations. Overall, there is a need to target research toward specific respiratory disease-related hypotheses, purify bioactive compounds and elucidate their chemical structures, and develop an evidence base for the integration of quality-controlled traditional medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Summer
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, GPO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia;
| | - Jessica Browne
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Terminal Drive, Bilinga, QLD 4225, Australia;
| | - Lei Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, GPO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia;
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-429-520-589
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Yeasts are unicellular fungi that harbour a large biodiversity of thousands of species, of which particularly ascomycetous yeasts are instrumental to human food and beverage production. There is already a large body of evidence showing that insects play an important role for yeast ecology, for their dispersal to new habitats and for breeding and overwintering opportunities. Here, we sought to investigate a potential role of the terrestrial snails Cepaea hortensis and C. nemoralis, which in Europe are often found in association with human settlements and gardens, in yeast ecology. Surprisingly, even in a relatively limited culture-dependent sampling size of over 150 isolates, we found a variety of yeast genera, including species frequently isolated from grape must such as Hanseniaspora, Metschnikowia, Meyerozyma and Pichia in snail excrements. We typed the isolates using standard ITS-PCR-sequencing, sequenced the genomes of three non-conventional yeasts H. uvarum, Meyerozyma guilliermondii and P. kudriavzevii and characterized the fermentation performance of these three strains in grape must highlighting their potential to contribute to novel beverage fermentations. Aggravatingly, however, we also retrieved several human fungal pathogen isolates from snail excrements belonging to the Candida clade, namely Ca. glabrata and Ca. lusitaniae. Overall, our results indicate that diverse yeasts can utilise snails as taxis for dispersal. This courier service may be largely non-selective and thus depend on the diet available to the snails.
Collapse
|
35
|
Khoja S, Eltayef KM, Baxter I, Bull JC, Loveridge EJ, Butt T. Fungal volatile organic compounds show promise as potent molluscicides. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:3392-3404. [PMID: 31392825 PMCID: PMC6899572 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Slugs and snails constitute major crop pests. Withdrawal of metaldehyde has prompted a search for more environmentally friendly yet fast acting molluscicides. This study investigated the response of representative molluscs to conidia and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum Petch. RESULTS Conidia of M. brunneum had antifeedant/repellent properties with repellency being dependent upon the fungal strain and conidia concentration. Three commonly produced fungal VOCs, 1-octene, 3-octanone and 1-octen-3-ol, were repellent at low doses (1-5 μL) but could kill slugs and snails on contact or fumigation. At the highest dose tested (10 μL), 100% mortality was achieved for Cornu aspersum Muller (garden snail) and Derocerus reticulatum Muller (grey field slug) within 1 h post-treatment with the first deaths being recorded in <11 min. Aqueous formulations (20% v/v) of the most potent VOCs, 3-octanone and 1-octen-3-ol, could be sprayed onto plants to kill or drive the pest of the crop with no phytotoxic effects. CONCLUSION The sensitivity of terrestrial molluscs to 3-octanone and 1-octen-3-ol and the ephemeral nature of these compounds makes these excellent candidates for development as mollusc repellents or molluscicides. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salim Khoja
- Department of BiosciencesSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
| | | | | | - James C Bull
- Department of BiosciencesSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
| | | | - Tariq Butt
- Department of BiosciencesSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Laneri S, Lorenzo RD, Sacchi A, Dini I. Dosage of Bioactive Molecules in the Nutricosmeceutical Helix aspersa Muller Mucus and Formulation of New Cosmetic Cream with Moisturizing Effect. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19868606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to provide the allantoin and glycolic acid contents in the Helix aspersa Muller mucus of common Campania land (Italy) by using chromatographic method. The study continued with the formulation of a snail mucus cosmetic cream, whose ability to hydrate the skin was evaluated comparing the skin hydration and trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) effects of a stable cosmetic preparation. The skin TEWL and skin hydration effects were measured by TEWAMETER and corneometer probe, respectively, at the beginning, after 1 hour, and 24 hours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | | | - Antonia Sacchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Irene Dini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pitt SJ, Hawthorne JA, Garcia-Maya M, Alexandrovich A, Symonds RC, Gunn A. Identification and characterisation of anti - Pseudomonas aeruginosa proteins in mucus of the brown garden snail, Cornu aspersum. Br J Biomed Sci 2019; 76:129-136. [PMID: 30966874 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2019.1603794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background: Novel antimicrobial treatments are urgently needed. Previous work has shown that the mucus of the brown garden snail (Cornu aspersum) has antimicrobial properties, in particular against type culture collection strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We hypothesised that it would also be effective against clinical isolates of the bacterium and that investigation of fractions of the mucus would identify one or more proteins with anti-pseudomonal properties, which could be further characterised. Materials and methods: Mucus was extracted from snails collected from the wild. Antimicrobial activity against laboratory and clinical isolates of Ps. aeruginosa was determined in disc diffusion assays. Mucus was purified using size exclusion chromatography and fractions containing anti-pseudomonal activity identified. Mass spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography analysis of these fractions yielded partial peptide sequences. These were used to interrogate an RNA transcriptome generated from whole snails. Results: Mucus from C. aspersum inhibited growth of type collection strains and clinical isolates of Ps. aeruginosa. Four novel C. aspersum proteins were identified; at least three are likely to have antimicrobial properties. The most interesting is a 37.4 kDa protein whilst smaller proteins, one 17.5 kDa and one 18.6 kDa also appear to have activity against Ps. aeruginosa. Conclusions: The study has identified novel proteins with antimicrobial properties which could be used to develop treatments for use in human medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Pitt
- a School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Brighton , Brighton , UK
| | - J A Hawthorne
- a School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Brighton , Brighton , UK
| | - M Garcia-Maya
- b Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics , King's College London , London, UK
| | - A Alexandrovich
- b Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics , King's College London , London, UK
| | - R C Symonds
- c School of Natural Sciences and Psychology , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - A Gunn
- c School of Natural Sciences and Psychology , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| |
Collapse
|