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Kanamori K, Suzuki T, Tatsuta N, Ota C. Environments affect blood pressure in toddlers: The Japan Environment and Children's Study. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:367-376. [PMID: 37634037 PMCID: PMC10798899 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary objective of this study was to examine risk factors for toddler's hypertension. METHODS Subjects of this study were children and parents participating in a national birth cohort study in Japan, the Japan Environment and Children's Study. We measured the children's blood pressure (BP) at 2 and 4 years old. We obtained children's and parents' backgrounds from the questionnaire. We investigated the factors that affect BP elevation. RESULTS Within 4988 participants, the mean systolic BP at 2 years old was 91.2 mmHg for boys and 90.0 mmHg for girls. The mean systolic BP at 4 years old was 93.8 mmHg for boys and 93.1 mmHg for girls. Parental smoking was associated with elevated values of BP at 2 and 4 years old. Obesity, gestational hypertension, and parental lower education were associated with elevated values of BP at 4 years old. Hypertensive group had a significantly higher obesity rate. The mother's lower education and parental smoking were involved in hypertensive groups. CONCLUSION Parental smoking had a significant effect on BP even in early toddlers. We emphasize the importance of avoiding second-hand smoking from early infancy to prevent future lifestyle-related illnesses including hypertension. IMPACT The mean systolic BP at 2 years old was 91.2 mmHg for boys and 90.0 mmHg for girls. The mean systolic BP at 4 years old was 93.8 mmHg for boys and 93.1 mmHg for girls. Obesity, parental smoking, and lower education were associated with hypertension at 4 years old. Parental smoking was associated with hypertension at 2 and 4 years old. We emphasize the importance of avoiding second-hand smoking from early infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kanamori
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Iwate Prefectural Iwai Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan.
| | - Tomohisa Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nozomi Tatsuta
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chiharu Ota
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Rios-Escalante C, Albán-Fernández S, Espinoza-Rojas R, Saavedra-Garcia L, Barengo NC, Guerra Valencia J. Diagnostic Performance of the Measurement of Skinfold Thickness for Abdominal and Overall Obesity in the Peruvian Population: A 5-Year Cohort Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7089. [PMID: 38063518 PMCID: PMC10706145 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20237089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of overall and abdominal obesity, particularly affecting Latin America, underscores the urgent need for accessible and cost-effective predictive methods to address the growing disease burden. This study assessed skinfold thicknesses' predictive capacity for overall and abdominal obesity in Peruvian adults aged 30 or older over 5 years. Data from the PERU MIGRANT 5-year cohort study were analyzed, defining obesity using BMI and waist circumference. Receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Adults aged ≥ 30 (n = 988) completed the study at baseline, with 47% male. A total of 682 participants were included for overall and abdominal obesity analysis. The 5-year prevalence values for overall and abdominal obesity were 26.7% and 26.6%, respectively. Subscapular skinfold (SS) best predicted overall obesity in men (AUC = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.75-0.88) and women (AUC = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67-0.88). Regarding abdominal obesity, SS exhibited the highest AUC in men (AUC = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.77-0.89), while SS and the sum of trunk skinfolds showed the highest AUC in women. In secondary analysis excluding participants with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) at baseline, SS significantly predicted DM2 development in men (AUC = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.58-0.83) and bicipital skinfold (BS) did in women (AUC = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.62-0.84). The findings highlight SS significance as an indicator of overall and abdominal obesity in both sexes among Peruvian adults. Additionally, SS, and BS offer robust predictive indicators for DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Rios-Escalante
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru; (C.R.-E.); (S.A.-F.)
| | - Silvia Albán-Fernández
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru; (C.R.-E.); (S.A.-F.)
| | - Rubén Espinoza-Rojas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomédicas (INICIB), Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima 15039, Peru;
| | - Lorena Saavedra-Garcia
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Peru;
| | - Noël C. Barengo
- Department of Medical Education, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
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Pham T, Bui L, Giovannucci E, Hoang M, Tran B, Chavarro J, Willett W. Prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity and their association with metabolic-related conditions in Vietnamese adults: an analysis of Vietnam STEPS survey 2009 and 2015. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2023; 39:100859. [PMID: 37547595 PMCID: PMC10400857 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The abdominal obesity trends and prevalence are important contributing factors to significant rise of many noncommunicable diseases in Vietnam but have not been well-documented in the literature. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and trends of obesity and abdominal obesity in Vietnam from 2009 to 2015 and evaluate how different definitions of obesity and abdominal obesity are associated with metabolic-related conditions. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis based on the Vietnam STEPS (STEPwise approach to Surveillance) cross-sectional Survey 2009 and 2015. Obesity and abdominal obesity were defined using the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) cut-offs from the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Findings Depending on the specific cut-offs, from 2009 to 2015, obesity prevalence increased from 0.8%-10% to 1.7%-16.4% in women and from 0.8%-10.3% to 1.7%-15% in men; abdominal obesity prevalence increased from 3%-31.3% to 8%-41.7% in women and from 0.3%-19.3% to 0.4%-25% in men. Abdominal obesity using WC-IDF and WHR-WHO definitions had noticeably higher sensitivity and lower specificity for metabolic-related conditions compared to the other four criteria. All anthropometric measurements were statistically correlated with biomarkers/blood pressure in 2009 and 2015 except for fasting glucose. Only WC-IDF and WHR-WHO definitions showed consistent association with all reported metabolic-related conditions regardless of sex and survey years. Interpretation The prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity in Vietnam is increasing rapidly, especially abdominal obesity in women regardless of the criteria used. More studies are needed to investigate how using different diagnostic criteria for obesity and abdominal obesity could better identify metabolic-related conditions. Funding Authors received no funding for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Pham
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Research Advancement Consortium in Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Linh Bui
- Research Advancement Consortium in Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Minh Hoang
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Bao Tran
- General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Jorge Chavarro
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Engwa GA, Anye PC, Goswami N, Nkeh-Chungag BN. Assessment of the Performance of Obesity Measures in the Screening of Hypertension in a South African Adolescent Population. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1520. [PMID: 37761481 PMCID: PMC10527748 DOI: 10.3390/children10091520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is known to be one of the most significant risk factors for essential hypertension in childhood. However, whether obesity cut-offs may predict hypertension screening in adolescents remains controversial. This study investigated the performance of obesity cut-off values for the screening of hypertension in a South African adolescent population. In this cross-sectional study, 1144 adolescents aged between 11 and 17 years were recruited from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) parameters including diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and heart rate (HR) were measured. Assessment of the sensitivity and specific of obesity cut-off values in predicting hypertension was performed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Obesity was positively associated (p < 0.01) with hypertension. Obese individuals, based on the predicted obesity using BMI percentile cut-off (pBMI85.2%), were more likely to develop hypertension (odds ratio: 2.070; p < 0.001) than their counterparts based on the observed obesity cut-off (pBMI95%) (Odd ratio: 1.748 p = 0.004). The area under the curve (AUC) of BMI percentile and WHtR for screening SBP percentile, and DBP percentile and HR as per ROC analysis, was low (<0.65). Equally, the sensitivity and specificity were low (<0.6) for all BP measures (SBP, DBP, and HR). Furthermore, the cut-off values for blood pressure measures, as established by ROC analysis using anthropometric measures, were far below the recommended cut-off values for hypertension screening. The obesity cut-offs for BMI percentile and WHtR established in this populations showed poor performance in diagnosing hypertension even though they were strong predictors of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwill Azeh Engwa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa; (N.G.); (B.N.N.-C.)
| | - Paul Chungag Anye
- MBCHB Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa; (N.G.); (B.N.N.-C.)
- Gravitational Physiology and Medicine Research Unit, Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center of Vascular Biology, Immunity and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Department of Health Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Benedicta Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa; (N.G.); (B.N.N.-C.)
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Erdal İ, Yalçın SS. The relationship between ochratoxin A and blood pressure in adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:103959. [PMID: 35987497 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a chemical produced by some fungal species, and although its toxic effects have been shown in many animal studies, there are limited studies in humans. We aimed to examine the relationship between OTA and hypertension. 50 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients and 33 healthy individuals aged between 12 and 14 were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurements, complete blood count, blood biochemical parameters, urine lead level and urine OTA level were measured. OTA was detected in the urine samples of 90.9% of the control group, 100% of the hypertensive group and 85.7% of the obese+hypertensive group. Median urinary OTA was 32.9 ng/g creatinine for hypertensive group, 32.2 ng/g creatinine for hypertensive+obese group, 18.8 ng/g creatinine for the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between last quartile of urinary OTA level and being hypertensive [AOR:5.93 (95%CI: 1.27-27.61)] in adolescents without obesity. Hypertensive cases could be evaluated for OTA exposure in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- İzzet Erdal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - S Songül Yalçın
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Obita G, Alkhatib A. Disparities in the Prevalence of Childhood Obesity-Related Comorbidities: A Systematic Review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:923744. [PMID: 35874993 PMCID: PMC9298527 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.923744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-communicable diseases among children are serious consequences of childhood obesity. However, less is known about the disparities in childhood obesity comorbidities burden. This review describes the salient pattern of disparities in the prevalence of childhood obesity-related non-communicable diseases and relevant inequalities in both high- and low/medium-income countries. Method A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science databases by two independent reviewers. Inclusion criteria were as follows: age 2–18 years; the prevalence or incidence of childhood obesity comorbidities reported; and studies published in English from January 2010 to date. No restrictions on the setting. The prevalence data were analyzed using range and median for subgroups based on the country's development status, gender, and geographical region. Results Our search identified 6,837 articles, out of which we examined 145 full-text articles and included 54 articles in the analysis. The median prevalence of childhood obesity-related hypertension was 35.6 vs. 12.7% among middle- and low-income countries compared with high-income countries; 37.7 vs. 32.9% among boys compared with girls; and 38.6, 25.3, and 20.1% in Asia, South America, and Europe, respectively. For metabolic syndrome, the median prevalence was 26.9 vs. 5.5% among middle- and low-income countries compared with high-income countries; 55.2 vs. 12.0% among boys compared with girls; and 40.3, 25.8, and 7.7% in South America, Asia, and Europe, respectively. The prevalence of childhood obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was 47.5 vs. 23% among middle- and low-income countries compared with high-income countries; and 52.1, 39.7, and 23.0% in Asia, South America, and Europe, respectively. The median prevalence of dyslipidemia was 43.5 vs. 63% among middle- and low-income countries compared with high-income countries; 55.2 vs. 12.0% among boys compared to girls; and 73.7 and 49.2% in Australia and Europe, respectively. Conclusion There are disparities in the prevalence of childhood obesity-related hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, with middle- and low-income countries, boys, and Asian region having higher prevalence. Implementing targeted interventions for childhood obesity comorbidities should consider socioeconomic disparities and strengthening of research surveillance methods for a better understanding of non-communicable disease burden in the pediatric population. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021288607.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Obita
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmad Alkhatib
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
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Yalçin SS, Erdal İ, Oğuz B, Duzova A. Association of urine phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A levels and serum electrolytes with 24-h blood pressure profile in adolescents. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:141. [PMID: 35410150 PMCID: PMC9004182 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among the possible causes of hypertension in adolescence, electrolyte imbalances and environmental pollutants are drawing increasing attention. We aimed to examine the relationship between bisphenol A (BPA), phthalate metabolites, and serum electrolytes and blood pressure. Methods Eighty-six participants aged 12–15 years were included in the study. Body mass index (BMI), office blood pressure and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurements (ABPM), and carotid intima-media thickness were determined. Blood samples were taken for hemogram, renal function tests, and serum electrolytes. Free- and total-BPA and phthalate metabolites were analyzed from urine samples. Results Of the participants, 34 were evaluated as normal blood pressure profile, 33 as white-coat hypertension (WCHT), and 19 as ABPM-hypertension. Adolescents in ABPM- hypertension groups had higher BMI-standard deviation score (SDS), leucocyte, platelet count; but lower serum chloride, compared to the normal blood pressure profile group. The percentage of adolescents with detectable urinary mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) was higher in ABPM-hypertension (42.1%) and WCHT groups (33.3%), compared to the normal blood pressure profile group (5.9%, p = 0.004). Associations between MBzP and ABPM- hypertension and WCHT were remained after confounding factor adjustment. Adolescents with detectable MBzP levels had also higher “albumin-corrected calcium” and lower serum phosphate and “albumin-corrected calcium x phosphate product” compared to others. Adolescents with detectable urinary MBzP levels had higher blood pressure profiles in some 24-h (mean arterial pressure-SDS, systolic blood pressure-SDS), daytime (systolic blood pressure-SDS), and night-time (mean arterial pressure-SDS, systolic blood pressure-SDS, and diastolic blood pressure-SDS) measurements, compared to others. WCHT was found to be associated negatively with monomethyl phthalate and the sum of dibutyl phthalate metabolites and ABPM-HT with MCPP. There was no significant association between blood pressure profiles and free- and total-BPA status. Conclusion MBzP was associated with adverse blood pressure profiles in adolescence. Additive follow-up studies are necessary for cause-effect relations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-022-02774-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddika Songül Yalçin
- Unit of Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - İzzet Erdal
- Unit of Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berna Oğuz
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Duzova
- Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Al Hourani HM, Alkhatib B. Anthropometric indices of obesity as predictors of high blood pressure among school children. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 44:11-19. [PMID: 34664528 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1969662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is related to increased body fat, which can be evaluated by anthropometric indicators. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive power of anthropometric indicators and to establish their cutoff points as discriminators of high blood pressure. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 793 schoolchildren aged 10-14 years. Six anthropometric indices were used: body mass index-z-score (BMI-z-score), waist circumference (WC), waist-toheight ratio (WHtR), a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI) and conicity index (CI). Elevated blood pressure (EBP) and hypertension (HTN) were characterized by values ≥ 90th and <95th percentile and ≥ 95th percentile for systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure, respectively. The predictive power of anthropometric indices was analyzed by sex using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). RESULTS The prevalence of EBP and HTN was 11.0% and 14.8%, respectively. According to the analyses of the ROC curve, WC provided the largest area under the curve (AUC) value, while CI showed the lowest AUC value in predicting elevated blood pressure in the total sample. The BMI z-score provided the largest area under the curve (AUC) value (0.722), followed by WHtR (0.709) and BRI (0.709), in predicting hypertension in boys. CONCLUSIONS BMI z-score and WC may be the best predictors of EBP and BMI z-score for HTN among Jordanian schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda M Al Hourani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Buthaina Alkhatib
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Science, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
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Aktağ E, Yurdakök K, Yalçın SS, Kandemir N. Urinary bisphenol A levels in prepubertal children with exogenous obesity according to presence of metabolic syndrome. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:495-502. [PMID: 33639044 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies have shown a potential link between chronic exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) and exogenous obesity, the prevalence of which has been increasing dramatically in all age groups and particularly among children in the last decades. In this study, we aimed at comparing BPA exposure levels between controls and otherwise healthy, drug-naive, pre-pubertal children having exogenous obesity with/without metabolic syndrome. METHODS A total of 63 pre-pubertal children with exogenous obesity whom 27 of them having metabolic syndrome attending Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital were included in this study. The control group consisted of 34 age- and sex-matched healthy children with no significant underlying medical conditions. Urinary BPA levels were measured using LC-MS/MS (high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry) methodology. RESULTS Urinary BPA levels among obese children were significantly higher than those of the control group (median: 22.9 μg/g-creatinine and 6.9 μg/g-creatinine, respectively; p=0.0001). When adjusted with generalized linear models for age, gender and z scores of body mass index, obese children having metabolic syndrome had significantly higher urinary BPA levels than obese children without metabolic syndrome and both obese groups had considerably elevated levels of urinary BPA than the controls (estimated marginal mean ± standard error: 42.3 ± 7.4 μg/g-creatinine, 22.6 ± 3.5 μg/g-creatinine and 12.1 ± 2.5 μg/g-creatinine, respectively, p=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This study shows much higher BPA exposure among obese children with metabolic syndrome during the prepubertal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Aktağ
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Yurdakök
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Nurgün Kandemir
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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