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Arita Y, Kirk M, Gupta N, Antony R, Park HJ, Stecker MM, Peltier MR. Effect of 2,6-xylidine (DMA) on secretion of biomarkers for inflammation and neurodevelopment by the placenta. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 149:103458. [PMID: 34952372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke enhances placental inflammation and interferes with steroidogenesis. However, the chemicals in the smoke responsible for these biological activities are unclear. 2,6 xylidine (also called 2,6 Dimethylaniline, DMA) is a component of cigarette smoke that has carcinogenic properties but its effects on the placenta are unknown. Therefore, we hypothesized that DMA may interfere with placental steroidogenesis or enhance placental inflammation. Placental explant cultures were treated with 0-50,000 nM DMA and concentrations of progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, sgp130, HO-1, IL-10, 8-Isoprostane (8-IsoP), and BDNF in the conditioned medium were quantified. Since many environmental toxins enhance the proinflammatory host response to infection, we also performed experiments on placental cultures co-stimulated with 107 heat-killed E. coli. DMA alone significantly reduced P4 and T secretion but enhanced E2 secretion. The toxin also reduced placental secretion of IL-6, sgp130, and BDNF. For bacteria-stimulated cultures, DMA increased secretion of P4 and T, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) but had mixed effects on anti-inflammatory markers, increasing some (sgp130, IL-10) and reducing others (HO-1). However, DMA enhanced 8-IsoP levels by bacteria-stimulated placental cultures, suggesting that it increases oxidative stress by the tissues. These studies suggest that DMA affects secretion of biomarkers by the placenta and may promote inflammation. Further studies are needed to determine if these observed changes occur in vivo and the extent to which DMA exposure increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with smoking in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Arita
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, NY, 11501, United States
| | - Michael Kirk
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, NY, 11501, United States
| | - Neha Gupta
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, NY, 11501, United States
| | - Ronny Antony
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, NY, 11501, United States
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Park
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, NY, 11501, United States
| | - Mark M Stecker
- Fresno Institute of Neuroscience, Fresno, CA, United States
| | - Morgan R Peltier
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, NY, 11501, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ, 07753, United States.
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Peltier MR, Fassett MJ, Arita Y, Chiu VY, Takhar HS, Getahun D. Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether-47 increases the risk of post-partum depression. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:8350-8354. [PMID: 34510997 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1974386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Post-partum depression (PPD) affects up to 19.1% of pregnancies and is associated with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, inflammation, and reductions in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Previous work by our team suggests that environmental toxins such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) enhance placental inflammation and reduce BDNF production. Nearly, 100% of studied women in California have some level of exposure to these compounds due to extensive use of the flame retardants. High levels of exposure to PBDEs has been linked to increased risk of adverse pregnancy complications associated with placental inflammation such as preterm birth and gestational diabetes but their effects on risk of PPD is unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine if PPD is associated with higher levels of PBDE-47, the most common PBDE congener in maternal plasma. METHODS PBDE-47 was quantified in first trimester plasma samples collected from a cohort of 367 asymptomatic pregnant women that were routinely screened for depressive symptoms for 1 year post-partum. Data were analyzed using general linear models and multivariable logistic regression to determine if higher levels of PBDE-47 in the first trimester are associated with development of PPD. RESULTS Women who developed PPD (n = 22) had significantly higher PBDE-47 levels in their plasma (p=.031) relative to those in which PPD was not diagnosed. Logistic regression analysis suggested that each two-fold increase in PBDE-47 concentrations increased the risk of PPD by 22% (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.47). Groups were similar regarding PTB rate, race-ethnicity, parity, child's sex, maternal pre-pregnancy obesity status, maternal age, family income, and study center. Results remained significant after adjustment for these possible confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PBDE-47 exposure in the first trimester is associated with increased risk of PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan R Peltier
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island University, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Fassett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West Los Angeles Medical Center, Kaiser-Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Yuko Arita
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island University, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Vicki Y Chiu
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser-Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Harpreet S Takhar
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser-Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Darios Getahun
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser-Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Marinello WP, Patisaul HB. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and placental function: Impact on fetal brain development. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:347-400. [PMID: 34452690 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a critical time of vulnerability for the development of the fetal brain. Exposure to environmental pollutants at any point in pregnancy can negatively impact many aspects of fetal development, especially the organization and differentiation of the brain. The placenta performs a variety of functions that can help protect the fetus and sustain brain development. However, disruption of any of these functions can have negative impacts on both the pregnancy outcome and fetal neurodevelopment. This review presents current understanding of how environmental exposures, specifically to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), interfere with placental function and, in turn, neurodevelopment. Some of the key differences in placental development between animal models are presented, as well as how placental functions such as serving as a xenobiotic barrier and exchange organ, immune interface, regulator of growth and fetal oxygenation, and a neuroendocrine organ, could be vulnerable to environmental exposure. This review illustrates the importance of the placenta as a modulator of fetal brain development and suggests critical unexplored areas and possible vulnerabilities to environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Marinello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
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Liu H, Jiang W, Ye Y, Yang B, Shen X, Lu S, Zhu J, Liu M, Yang C, Kuang H. Maternal exposure to tributyltin during early gestation increases adverse pregnancy outcomes by impairing placental development. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1303-1315. [PMID: 33720505 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is a persistent organotin pollutant widely used as agricultural and wood biocides, exhibiting well-documented toxicity to reproductive functions in aquatic organisms. However, the effect of TBT on early pregnancy and placental development has been rarely studied in mice. Pregnant mice were fed with 0, 0.2, and 2 mg/kg/day TBT from gravid day 1 to day 8 or 13. TBT exposure led to an increase in the number of resorbed embryo and a reduction in the weight of fetus at gestational days 13. Further study showed that TBT significantly decreased placental weight and area, lowered laminin immunoreactivity and the expressions of placental development-related molecules including Fra1, Eomes, Hand1, and Ascl2. Moreover, TBT treatment markedly inhibited the placental proliferation and induced up-regulation of p53 and cleaved caspase-3 proteins, and down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein. In addition, TBT administration increased levels of malondialdehyde and H2 O2 and decreased activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Collectively, these results suggested TBT-induced adverse pregnancy outcomes during early pregnancy might be involved in developmental disorders of the placenta via dysregulation of key molecules, proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenyu Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Clinic Medicine, School of Queen Mary, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yafen Ye
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bei Yang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Siying Lu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuanzhen Yang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haibin Kuang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Liu YK, Gao H, Jin SB, Tu WJ, Chen YJ. Association of neonatal blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor with development of autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Pediatr 2021; 17:164-170. [PMID: 33650030 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-021-00415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our goal was to evaluate the association between neonatal blood brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis later in life. METHODS MEDLINE and Web of Science databases were searched from inception until September 16, 2020. Reference lists of all relevant articles also were reviewed. Mean blood BDNF concentrations, standard deviations, sample sizes, and other data needed for calculation of effect sizes were extracted by two independent investigators. The quality of the included studies was appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for case-control studies. Data were pooled using the random-effects model. RESULTS Five case-control studies involving 1341 cases and 3395 controls were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis of all included studies showed no significant difference in blood BDNF levels between neonates diagnosed with ASD later in life and healthy controls [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.261; 95% confidence interval (CI) - 0.052 to 0.573; P = 0.102], with high level of heterogeneity (Q = 64.346; I2 = 93.784; P < 0.001). A subgroup analysis by assay type showed decreased blood BDNF levels in ASDs compared to controls (SMD = - 0.070; 95% CI - 0.114 to - 0.026; P = 0.002), with high level of homogeneity (Q = 0.894; I2 = 0.000; P = 0.827). No evidence of publication bias was observed. CONCLUSIONS Neonates diagnosed with ASD later in life have decreased blood levels of BDNF measured by double-antibody immunoassay. More studies are warranted to facilitate a more robust conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Kun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.56 Nanlishi St, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua St, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Shao-Bin Jin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua St, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Wen-Jun Tu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, No. 238 Baidi St, Tianjin, 300192, China.,Key Lab of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 619 Changcheng St, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.56 Nanlishi St, Beijing, 100045, China.
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Clementelli C, Arita Y, Ahmed S, Pijush DB, Jeong Park H, Levenson AS, Peltier MR. Short communication: Ex-vivo effects of fluoxetine on production of biomarkers for inflammation and neurodevelopment by the placenta. Placenta 2021; 107:46-50. [PMID: 33765533 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fluoxetine is commonly prescribed during pregnancy but developmental exposure to the drug, like infection, is associated with sex-specific behavioral changes in the offspring. We evaluated the effects of Fluoxetine on production of biomarkers for inflammation (pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines) and neurodevelopment (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, BDNF) in the presence and absence of infection in female and male placenta explant cultures. In addition to minor anti-inflammatory effects of the drug, Fluoxetine had significant sex- and infection-dependent effects on BDNF production. Further studies are needed to determine the extent to which these observed changes occur in vivo and their impact on pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Clementelli
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA; Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
| | - Yuko Arita
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
| | - Sarosh Ahmed
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA; Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
| | - Debduth B Pijush
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
| | - Hyeon Jeong Park
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA; Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, GA, 30024, USA
| | - Anait S Levenson
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University-Post, Brookville, NY, 11548, USA
| | - Morgan R Peltier
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA.
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Gingrich J, Ticiani E, Veiga-Lopez A. Placenta Disrupted: Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Pregnancy. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:508-524. [PMID: 32249015 PMCID: PMC7395962 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that can interfere with normal endocrine signals. Human exposure to EDCs is particularly concerning during vulnerable periods of life, such as pregnancy. However, often overlooked is the effect that EDCs may pose to the placenta. The abundance of hormone receptors makes the placenta highly sensitive to EDCs. We have reviewed the most recent advances in our understanding of EDC exposures on the development and function of the placenta such as steroidogenesis, spiral artery remodeling, drug-transporter expression, implantation and cellular invasion, fusion, and proliferation. EDCs reviewed include those ubiquitous in the environment with available human biomonitoring data. This review also identifies critical gaps in knowledge to drive future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Gingrich
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Elvis Ticiani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Podratz PL, Merlo E, de Araújo JFP, Ayub JGM, Pereira AFZ, Freitas-Lima LC, da Costa MB, Miranda-Alves L, Cassa SGS, Carneiro MTWD, Fillmann G, Graceli JB. Disruption of fertility, placenta, pregnancy outcome, and multigenerational inheritance of hepatic steatosis by organotin exposure from contaminated seafood in rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:138000. [PMID: 32213410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Early life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is an emerging risk factor for development of complications later in life and in subsequent generations. We previously demonstrated that exposure to the EDC organotin (OT), which is present in contaminated seafood, resulted in reproductive abnormalities in female rats. However, few studies have explored the effect of OT accumulation in seafood on pregnancy outcomes. This led us to consider the potential effects of the OT present in seafood on fertility, pregnancy, the placenta, and the offspring. In this investigation, we assessed whether exposure to the OT in contaminated seafood resulted in abnormal fertility and pregnancy features and offspring complications. OT in contaminated seafood (LNI) was administered to female rats, and their fertility, pregnancy outcomes, and fetal liver morphology were assessed. LNI caused abnormal fertility, a reduction in the total number of pups, and an increase in serum testosterone levels compared to controls. Furthermore, LNI exposure caused irregular uterine morphology with inflammation and fibrosis and led to a reduction in embryonic implantation. In pregnant rats, LNI caused abnormal lipid profiles and livers with steatosis features. LNI exposure also causes placental morpho-physiology disruption, a high presence of glycogen and inflammatory cells, and irregular lipid profiles. In addition, LNI exposure caused an increase in large amounts of carbohydrate and lipid delivery to the fetus via an increase in placental nutrient sensor protein expressions (GLUT1, IRβ/mTOR and Akt). In both genders of offspring, LNI exposure led to an increase in body weights, liver megakaryocytes, lipid accumulation, and oxidative stress (OS) levels. Collectively, these data suggest that OT exposure from contaminated seafood in female rats leads to reduced fertility, uterine implantation failure, pregnancy and placental metabolic outcome irregularities, offspring adiposity, liver steatosis, and an increase in OS. Furthermore, some of the effects of OT may be the result of obesogenic and multigenerational effects of OT in adult female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila L Podratz
- Department of Morphology, Endocrinology and Cell Toxicology Laboratory, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Merlo
- Department of Morphology, Endocrinology and Cell Toxicology Laboratory, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Julia F P de Araújo
- Department of Morphology, Endocrinology and Cell Toxicology Laboratory, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Julia G M Ayub
- Department of Morphology, Endocrinology and Cell Toxicology Laboratory, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Amanda F Z Pereira
- Department of Morphology, Endocrinology and Cell Toxicology Laboratory, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Leandro C Freitas-Lima
- Department of Morphology, Endocrinology and Cell Toxicology Laboratory, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Mércia B da Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Experimental Endocrinology Research, Development and Innovation Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sonara G S Cassa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jones B Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Endocrinology and Cell Toxicology Laboratory, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil.
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Harris SM, Boldenow E, Domino SE, Loch-Caruso R. Toxicant Disruption of Immune Defenses: Potential Implications for Fetal Membranes and Pregnancy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:565. [PMID: 32547423 PMCID: PMC7272693 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to providing a physical compartment for gestation, the fetal membranes (FM) are an active immunological barrier that provides defense against pathogenic microorganisms that ascend the gravid reproductive tract. Pathogenic infection of the gestational tissues (FM and placenta) is a leading known cause of preterm birth (PTB). Some environmental toxicants decrease the capacity for organisms to mount an immune defense against pathogens. For example, the immunosuppressive effects of the widespread environmental contaminant trichloroethylene (TCE) are documented for lung infection with Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Group B Streptococcus (GBS; Streptococcus agalactiae) is a bacterial pathogen that is frequently found in the female reproductive tract and can colonize the FM in pregnant women. Work in our laboratory has demonstrated that a bioactive TCE metabolite, S-(1, 2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC), potently inhibits innate immune responses to GBS in human FM in culture. Despite these provocative findings, little is known about how DCVC and other toxicants modify the risk for pathogenic infection of FM. Infection of the gestational tissues (FM and placenta) is a leading known cause of PTB, therefore toxicant compromise of FM ability to fight off infectious microorganisms could significantly contribute to PTB risk. This Perspective provides the current status of understanding of toxicant-pathogen interactions in FM, highlighting knowledge gaps, challenges, and opportunities for research that can advance protections for maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Harris
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Erica Boldenow
- Department of Biology, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Steven E. Domino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Rita Loch-Caruso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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10
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Arita Y, Park HJ, Cantillon A, Getahun D, Menon R, Peltier MR. Effect of bisphenol-A (BPA) on placental biomarkers for inflammation, neurodevelopment and oxidative stress. J Perinat Med 2019; 47:741-749. [PMID: 31339859 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2019-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a widespread pollutant whose effects on pregnant women are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the effects of BPA on basal and bacteria-stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6], anti-inflammatory mediators [soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp) 130, heme oxidase-1 (HO-1) and IL-10] and biomarkers for neurodevelopment [brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)], and oxidative stress [8-isoprostane (8-IsoP)] by the placenta. Methods Placental explant cultures were treated with BPA (0-10,000 nM) in the presence or absence of 107 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL heat-killed Escherichia coli for 24 h. Biomarker concentrations in conditioned medium were quantified by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Under basal conditions, IL-1β and IL-6 production was enhanced by BPA in a dose-dependent manner. Sgp130, a soluble receptor that reduces IL-6 bioactivity, was suppressed by BPA at 1000-10,000 nM. BPA also enhanced BDNF production at 1000 and 10,000 nM, and 8-IsoP expression at 10 and 100 nM. For bacteria-treated cultures, BPA increased IL-6 production at 100 nM and reduced sgp130 at 1000 nM but had no effect on IL-1β, TNF-α, BDNF, HO-1, 8-IsoP or IL-10 production. Conclusion BPA may increase placental inflammation by promoting IL-1β and IL-6 but inhibiting sgp130. It may also disrupt oxidative balance and neurodevelopment by increasing 8-IsoP and BDNF production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Arita
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Hyeon Jeong Park
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Aisling Cantillon
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Darios Getahun
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser-Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UTMB-Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Morgan R Peltier
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; NYU-Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA.,Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, NYU-Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Blvd Rm. 4-040, Mineola, NY, USA
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11
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Arita Y, Jeong Park H, Cantillon A, Verma K, Menon R, Getahun D, Peltier MR. Pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of sulforaphane on placental cytokine production. J Reprod Immunol 2018; 131:44-49. [PMID: 30641297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Placental inflammation increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and possibly neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. Previous research suggests it may be possible to modulate the placental immune response to bacteria to favor an anti-inflammatory phenotype with dietary factors. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a dietary supplement with known anti-inflammatory activities, however, its effects on placental cytokine production are unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of SFN on biomarkers of inflammation and neurodevelopment under basal conditions and a setting of mild infection. Placental explant cultures were established and treated with up to 10 μM SFN in the presence and absence of 107 CFU/ml heat-killed E. coli. Concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, sgp130, HO-1 and BDNF in conditioned medium were quantified by immunoassay. SFN increased antioxidant HO-1 expression in the absence, but not the presence, of infection. SFN inhibited IL-1β and IL-10, but tended to promote, TNF-α production by bacteria-stimulated cultures. IL-6 and BDNF were inhibited by SFN irrespective of co-treatment with E.coli. A negative regulator of IL-6 signaling, sgp130, was increased by SFN under basal conditions, but not in E. coli-stimulated cultures. These results suggest that SFN has mixed effects on the placenta inhibiting both pro-inflammatory (IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10) but promoting regulators of oxidative stress and inflammation (HO-1 and sgp130) in an infection-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Arita
- Department of Biomedical Research, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Hyeon Jeong Park
- Department of Biomedical Research, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Aisling Cantillon
- Department of Biomedical Research, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Kavita Verma
- Department of Biomedical Research, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UTMB-Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Darios Getahun
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser-Permenante Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Morgan R Peltier
- Department of Biomedical Research, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, United States.
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Arita Y, Pressman M, Getahun D, Menon R, Peltier MR. Effect of Tetrabromobisphenol A on expression of biomarkers for inflammation and neurodevelopment by the placenta. Placenta 2018; 68:33-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.06.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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de Araújo JFP, Podratz PL, Sena GC, Merlo E, Freitas-Lima LC, Ayub JGM, Pereira AFZ, Santos-Silva AP, Miranda-Alves L, Silva IV, Graceli JB. The obesogen tributyltin induces abnormal ovarian adipogenesis in adult female rats. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:99-114. [PMID: 29908848 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin chloride (TBT) is an obesogen associated with various metabolic and reproductive dysfunctions after in utero exposure. However, few studies have evaluated TBT's obesogenic effect on adult ovaries. In this study, we assessed whether TBT's obesogenic effects resulted in adult ovarian adipogenesis and other reproductive abnormalities. TBT was administered to adult female Wistar rats, and their reproductive tract morphophysiology was assessed. We further assessed the ovarian mRNA/protein expression of genes that regulate adipogenesis. Rats exposed to TBT displayed abnormal estrous cyclicity, ovarian sex hormone levels, ovarian follicular development and ovarian steroidogenic enzyme regulation. Rats exposed to TBT also demonstrated abnormal ovarian adipogenesis with increased cholesterol levels, lipid accumulation, and PPARγ, C/EBP-β and Lipin-1 expression. A negative correlation between the ovarian PPARγ expression and aromatase expression was observed in the TBT rats. Furthermore, TBT exposure resulted in reproductive tract atrophy, inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. Ovarian dysfunctions also co-occurred with the uterine irregularities. Abnormal ovarian adipogenic markers occurring after TBT exposure may be associated with uterine irregularities. A positive correlation between the ovarian cholesterol levels and uterine inflammation was observed in the TBT rats. These findings suggest that TBT leads to ovarian obesogenic effects directly by abnormal adipogenesis and/or indirectly through adult reproductive tract irregularities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriela C Sena
- Dept of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Merlo
- Dept of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Paula Santos-Silva
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Experimental Endocrinology Research, Development and Innovation Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Experimental Endocrinology Research, Development and Innovation Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ian V Silva
- Dept of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Jones B Graceli
- Dept of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
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