1
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Quirke FA, Ariff S, Battin MR, Bernard C, Biesty L, Bloomfield FH, Daly M, Finucane E, Healy P, Haas DM, Kirkham JJ, Kibet V, Koskei S, Meher S, Molloy EJ, Niaz M, Bhraonáin EN, Okaronon CO, Parkes MJ, Tabassum F, Walker K, Webbe JWH, Devane D. COHESION: a core outcome set for the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:922-930. [PMID: 38135724 PMCID: PMC10920183 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02938-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity in outcomes reported in trials of interventions for the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) makes evaluating the effectiveness of treatments difficult. Developing a core outcome set for NE treatment would enable researchers to measure and report the same outcomes in future trials. This would minimise waste, ensure relevant outcomes are measured and enable evidence synthesis. Therefore, we aimed to develop a core outcome set for treating NE. METHODS Outcomes identified from a systematic review of the literature and interviews with parents were prioritised by stakeholders (n = 99 parents/caregivers, n = 101 healthcare providers, and n = 22 researchers/ academics) in online Delphi surveys. Agreement on the outcomes was achieved at online consensus meetings attended by n = 10 parents, n = 18 healthcare providers, and n = 13 researchers/ academics. RESULTS Seven outcomes were included in the final core outcome set: survival; brain injury on imaging; neurological status at discharge; cerebral palsy; general cognitive ability; quality of life of the child, and adverse events related to treatment. CONCLUSION We developed a core outcome set for the treatment of NE. This will allow future trials to measure and report the same outcomes and ensure results can be compared. Future work should identify how best to measure the COS. IMPACT We have identified seven outcomes that should be measured and reported in all studies for the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy. Previously, a core outcome set for neonatal encephalopathy treatments did not exist. This will help to reduce heterogeneity in outcomes reported in clinical trials and other studies, and help researchers identify the best treatments for neonatal encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A Quirke
- Health Research Board Neonatal Encephalopathy PhD Training Network (NEPTuNE), Dublin, Ireland.
- Health Research Board - Trials Methodology Research Network (HRB-TMRN), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Shabina Ariff
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Malcolm R Battin
- Department of Newborn Services, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caitlin Bernard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, US
| | - Linda Biesty
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Frank H Bloomfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mandy Daly
- Advocacy and Policymaking, Irish Neonatal Health Alliance, Wicklow, Ireland
| | - Elaine Finucane
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Patricia Healy
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - David M Haas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, US
| | - Jamie J Kirkham
- Centre for Biostatistics, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Shireen Meher
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eleanor J Molloy
- Health Research Board Neonatal Encephalopathy PhD Training Network (NEPTuNE), Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Ireland at Crumlin and Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neonatology, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maira Niaz
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Matthew J Parkes
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine; Nuffield Dept of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Farhana Tabassum
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Karen Walker
- Department of Newborn Care, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Council of International Neonatal Nurses, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James W H Webbe
- Academic Neonatal Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Declan Devane
- Health Research Board - Trials Methodology Research Network (HRB-TMRN), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Cochrane Ireland, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Marsia S, Kumar D, Raheel H, Salman A, Aslam B, Ikram A, Kumar P, Aslam A, Shafiq A, Gul A. Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Erythropoietin Therapy for Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 152:4-10. [PMID: 38171084 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythropoietin (EPO) is a proposed drug for the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Multiple studies have linked its use, either as a monotherapy or in conjunction with therapeutic hypothermia (TH), with improved neonatal outcomes including death and neurodisability. However, there is also evidence in the literature that raises concerns about its efficacy and safety for the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy (NE). METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Embase for both observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness of EPO in treating NE. Only studies in which at least 300 U/kg of EPO was used and reported any one of the following outcomes: death, death or neurodisability, and cerebral palsy, were included. RESULTS Seven studies with 903 infants with the diagnosis of NE were included in our meta-analysis. EPO did not reduce the risk of death or neurodisability (risk ratio 0.68 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 1.09]) (P = 0.11). Similarly, the risk of cerebral palsy was not reduced by the administration of EPO (risk ratio 0.68 [95% CI: 0.33 to 1.40]) (P = 0.30). The risk of death was also not reduced at any dose of EPO regardless of the use of TH. CONCLUSIONS The results of our meta-analysis do not support the use of EPO for the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy. However, future large-scale RCTs are needed to strengthen these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Marsia
- Department of Neurology, Spectrum Health/Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
| | - Danisha Kumar
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hamna Raheel
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ali Salman
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Baseer Aslam
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Armeen Ikram
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Piresh Kumar
- Bahria University Of Medical and Dental College, Karachi city, Pakistan
| | - Aimun Aslam
- Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Areeba Shafiq
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Areeba Gul
- Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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3
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Zhu L, Yuan Q, Jing C, Sun L, Jiang L. Angiogenic responses are enhanced by recombinant human erythropoietin in a model of periventricular white matter damage of neonatal rats through EPOR-ERK1 signaling. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024; 83:161-167. [PMID: 38263262 PMCID: PMC10880070 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EPO) has been shown to stimulate neurogenesis and angiogenesis, both of which play crucial roles in the repair of brain injuries. Previously, we observed that rh-EPO treatment effectively reduced brain damage and enhanced angiogenesis in a neonatal rat model of periventricular white matter damage (PWMD). The objective of this research is to investigate the specific mechanism through which rh-EPO regulates angiogenesis following PWMD in premature neonates. We conducted experiments utilizing a neonatal PWMD model. Following rh-EPO treatment, the levels of erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) were found to be increased in the damaged brain of rats. Although the total amount of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a downstream protein in the EPO signaling pathway, remained unchanged, there was clear upregulation of phosphorylated ERK1 (p-ERK1) levels. The increase in levels of p-ERK1 was inhibited by an ERK kinase inhibitor, while the total amount of ERK remained unchanged. Conversely, the levels of EPOR were not affected by the inhibitor. Notably, the introduction of rh-EPO led to a significant increase in the frequency of angiogenesis-related cells and the expression levels of angiogenic factors. However, these effects were nullified when the ERK pathway was blocked. These findings indicate that rh-EPO enhances angiogenic responses through the EPOR-ERK1 pathway in a neonatal PWMD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Qichao Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Danyang People’s Hospital Affiliate of Nantong University, Danyang 212300, China
| | - Chunping Jing
- Department of Pediatrics, Danyang People’s Hospital Affiliate of Nantong University, Danyang 212300, China
| | - Lingxian Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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4
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Melemed AL, Slaughter JL, Benninger KL, Conroy S. Is erythropoietin beneficial and safe as an adjunctive therapy to therapeutic hypothermia in newborns with hypoxic ischemic injury? J Perinatol 2023; 43:1552-1555. [PMID: 37773520 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-023-01773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Melemed
- Division of Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Jonathan L Slaughter
- Division of Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio Perinatal Research Network, Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristen L Benninger
- Division of Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio Perinatal Research Network, Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sara Conroy
- The Ohio Perinatal Research Network, Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Biostatistics Resource at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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Li J, Zhang G, Wang X, Qiangba C, Song X, Lin R, Huang C, Yang X, Ning S, Zhang J, Liao H, Xie S, Suo Z, Qi H, Yu Z, Shi R, Yao Y. Characteristics of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy at high altitude and early results of therapeutic hypothermia. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:609. [PMID: 38037071 PMCID: PMC10691051 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altitude hypoxia and limited socioeconomic conditions may result in distinctive features of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has not been used at altitude. We examined characteristics of HIE and early outcomes of TH in 3 centers at two high altitudes, 2 at 2,261 m and 1 at 3,650 m. METHODS The incidence of HIE at NICUs was noted. TH was conducted when personnel and devices were available in 2019~2020. Standard inclusion criteria were used, with the addition of admission age >6 hours and mild HIE. Demographic and clinical data included gestational age, gender, weight, Apgar score, ethnics, age on admission, age at TH and clinical degree of HIE. EEG was monitored for 96 hours during hypothermia and rewarming. MRI was performed before discharge. RESULTS There was significant difference in ethnics, HIE degree, age at TH across 3 centers. The overall NICU incidence of HIE was 4.0%. Among 566 HIE patients, 114 (20.1%) received TH. 63 (55.3%) patients had moderate/severe HIE. Age at TH >6 hours occurred in 34 (29.8%) patients. EEG discharges showed seizures in 7~11% of patients, whereas spikes/sharp waves in 94~100%, delta brushes in 50~100%. After TH, MRI showed moderate to severe brain injury in 77% of patients, and correlated with center, demographic and clinical variables (Ps≤0.0003). Mortality was 5% during hospitalization and 11% after discharge until 1 year. CONCLUSIONS At altitude, the incidence of HIE was high and brain injury was severe. TH was limited and often late >6 hours. EEG showed distinct patterns attributable to altitude hypoxia. TH was relatively safe. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered on February 23, 2019 in Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR1900021481).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Clinical Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.
- Clinical Physiology Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
| | - Guofei Zhang
- NICU, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- NICU, Qinghai Women's and Children's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | | | - Xiaoyan Song
- NICU, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rouyi Lin
- Clinical Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Chantao Huang
- Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- NICU, Qinghai Women's and Children's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Shuyao Ning
- Department of Electroneurophysiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Clinical Physiology Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Liao
- Clinical Physiology Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Xie
- Clinical Physiology Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Suo
- Department of Echocardiography, Lhasa People's Hospital, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Haiying Qi
- Department of Echocardiography, Qinghai Women's and Children' Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- NICU, Lhasa People's Hospital, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Runling Shi
- NICU, Qinghai Women's and Children's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yanli Yao
- Clinical Physiology Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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Lanciotti L, Sica R, Penta L, Parisi F, Argentiero A, Radicioni M, Di Cara G, Di Genova F, Verrotti A, Troiani S, Esposito SMR. Minipuberty assessment in newborns with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia: a single-center case-control study. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1201668. [PMID: 37416822 PMCID: PMC10320525 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1201668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of our single-center case-control study is to evaluate whether minipuberty occurs in patients with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) who underwent therapeutic hypothermia (TH). We intend to conduct this evaluation by confronting the values of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the values of testosterone in males and estradiol in females between newborns with HIE and in subsequent TH and healthy controls. Methods We enrolled 40 patients (age: 56-179 days; 23 males), of whom 20 met the inclusion criteria for the case group and who underwent TH. A blood sample was taken from each patient at approximately 10 weeks of age to evaluate FSH and LH from the serum samples of all patients and to evaluate 17-beta estradiol (E2) and testosterone levels, respectively, from the serum samples of female and male patients. Results It was found that minipuberty occurred in the case group patients, with no significant differences reported from the control group and with hormonal serum levels comparable to healthy infants of the control group (FSH 4.14 mUI/ml ± 5.81 SD vs. 3.45 mUI/ml ± 3.48 SD; LH 1.41 mUI/ml ±1.29 SD vs. 2.04 mUI/ml ±1.76 SD; testosterone in males 0.79 ng/ml ± 0.43 SD vs. 0.56 ng/ml ± 0.43 SD; 17-beta estradiol in females 28.90 pg/ml ± 16.71 SD vs. 23.66 pg/ml ± 21.29 SD). Discussion The results of the present study may pave the way for further research and the evaluation of more possible advantages of TH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Lanciotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rossella Sica
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Penta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Argentiero
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Radicioni
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Pathology, S. Maria Della Misericordia Hospital of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini 1, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Di Genova
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Pathology, S. Maria Della Misericordia Hospital of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini 1, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Troiani
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Pathology, S. Maria Della Misericordia Hospital of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini 1, Perugia, Italy
| | - Susanna Maria Roberta Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Chung LM, Hariharan G. EBNEO Commentary: Safety and efficacy of erythropoietin in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Acta Paediatr 2023; 112:885-886. [PMID: 36748724 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Marie Chung
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Unit, Mackay Base Hospital, Mackay, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gopakumar Hariharan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Unit, Mackay Base Hospital, Mackay, Queensland, Australia.,James Cook University, Mackay, Queensland, Australia
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Ovcjak A, Pontello R, Miller SP, Sun HS, Feng ZP. Hypothermia combined with neuroprotective adjuvants shortens the duration of hospitalization in infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: Meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1037131. [PMID: 36686686 PMCID: PMC9853207 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1037131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the current standard of care for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), yet morbidity and mortality remain significant. Adjuvant neuroprotective agents have been suggested to augment hypothermic-mediated neuroprotection. This analysis aims to identify the classes of drugs that have been used in combination with hypothermia in the treatment of neonatal HIE and determine whether combination therapy is more efficacious than TH alone. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase and Medline from conception through December 2022 was conducted. Randomized- and quasi-randomized controlled trials, observational studies and retrospective studies evaluating HIE infants treated with combination therapy versus TH alone were selected. Primary reviewers extracted information on mortality, neurodevelopmental impairment and length of hospitalization for meta-analyses. Effect sizes were pooled using a random-effects model and measured as odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) where applicable, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Risk of bias was assessed using the tool from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Results: The search strategy collected 519 studies, 16 of which met analysis inclusion criteria. HIE infants totaled 1,288 infants from included studies, 646 infants received some form of combination therapy, while 642 received TH alone. GABA receptor agonists, NMDA receptor antagonists, neurogenic and angiogenic agents, stem cells, glucocorticoids and antioxidants were identified as candidate adjuvants to TH that have been evaluated in clinical settings compared to TH alone. Length of hospitalization was significantly reduced in infants treated with combination therapy (MD -4.81, 95% CI [-8.42. to -1.19], p = .009) compared to those treated with TH alone. Risk of mortality and neurodevelopmental impairment did not differ between combination therapy and TH alone groups. Conclusion: Compared to the current standard of care, administration of neuroprotective adjuvants with TH reduced the duration of hospitalization but did not impact the risk of mortality or neurodevelopmental impairment in HIE infants. Meta-analysis was limited by a moderate risk of bias among included studies and small sample sizes. This analysis highlights the need for preclinical trials to conduct drug development studies in hypothermic settings to identify relevant molecular targets that may offer additive or synergistic neuroprotection to TH, and the need for larger powered clinical trials to determine the dose and timing of administration at which maximal clinical benefits are observed for adjuvant neuroprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ovcjak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Riley Pontello
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steve P. Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Zhong-Ping Feng,
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Kukka AJ, Waheddoost S, Brown N, Litorp H, Wrammert J, KC A. Incidence and outcomes of intrapartum-related neonatal encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-010294. [PMID: 36581333 PMCID: PMC9806096 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the incidence of intrapartum-related neonatal encephalopathy, and neonatal mortality and neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with it in low-income and middle-income countries. METHODS Reports were included when neonatal encephalopathy diagnosed clinically within 24 hours of birth in term or near-term infants born after intrapartum hypoxia-ischaemia defined as any of the following: (1) pH≤7.1 or base excess ≤-12 or lactate ≥6, (2) Apgar score ≤5 at 5 or 10 min, (3) continuing resuscitation at 5 or 10 min or (4) no cry from baby at 5 or 10 min. Peer-reviewed articles were searched from Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science and WHO Global Index Medicus with date limits 1 November 2009 to 17 November 2021. Risk of bias was assessed using modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Inverse variance of heterogenicity was used for meta-analyses. RESULTS There were 53 reports from 51 studies presenting data on 4181 children with intrapartum-related neonatal encephalopathy included in the review. Only five studies had data on incidence, which ranged from 1.5 to 20.3 per 1000 live births. Neonatal mortality was examined in 45 studies and in total 636 of the 3307 (19.2%) infants died. Combined outcome of death or moderate to severe neurodevelopmental disability was reported in 19 studies and occurred in 712 out of 1595 children (44.6%) with follow-up 1 to 3.5 years. CONCLUSION Though there has been progress in some regions, incidence, case mortality and morbidity in intrapartum-related neonatal encephalopathy has been static in the last 10 years. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020177928.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Juhani Kukka
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden .,Department of Pediatrics, Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
| | | | - Nick Brown
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,Department of Pediatrics, Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Helena Litorp
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Wrammert
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ashish KC
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Bang SJ, Lee J, Jeon GW, Jun YH. Erythropoietin Reduces Death and Neurodevelopmental Impairment in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. NEONATAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.5385/nm.2022.29.4.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a promising neuroprotective drug. We investigated whether EPO has beneficial effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 56 infants with HIE born at or after 35 weeks of gestation who were admitted to Inha University Hospital between 2012 and 2021. Patients were divided into two groups based on EPO use and compared. In the EPO group, patients were administered 1,000 U/kg of EPO on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7, starting within 24 hours after birth. The primary outcome was death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at the age of 12 months.Results: EPO was administered to 38 infants, and 18 did not receive EPO. Only 37.5% of patients with HIE (21/56) and 60% of patients with moderate-to-severe HIE (21/35) received therapeutic hypothermia. Among all patients with HIE, death or NDI (21.1 % vs. 50.0%; odds ratio [OR], 0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01 to 0.78; P=0.029) and brain injury on imaging (42.1% vs. 83.3%; OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.92; P=0.040) were significantly lower in the EPO group than in the control group. Among patients with moderate-to-severe HIE, brain injury on imaging (54.2% vs. 90.9%; OR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.002 to 0.700; P=0.027) was significantly lower in the EPO group than in the control group.Conclusion: EPO administration significantly reduced mortality and NDI in infants with HIE. EPO can be considered an adjunctive therapeutic agent for neonatal HIE.
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Campion S, Inselman A, Hayes B, Casiraghi C, Joseph D, Facchinetti F, Salomone F, Schmitt G, Hui J, Davis-Bruno K, Van Malderen K, Morford L, De Schaepdrijver L, Wiesner L, Kourula S, Seo S, Laffan S, Urmaliya V, Chen C. The benefits, limitations and opportunities of preclinical models for neonatal drug development. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:275112. [PMID: 35466995 PMCID: PMC9066504 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased research to improve preclinical models to inform the development of therapeutics for neonatal diseases is an area of great need. This article reviews five common neonatal diseases – bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, perinatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy and neonatal sepsis – and the available in vivo, in vitro and in silico preclinical models for studying these diseases. Better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of specialized neonatal disease models will help to improve their utility, may add to the understanding of the mode of action and efficacy of a therapeutic, and/or may improve the understanding of the disease pathology to aid in identification of new therapeutic targets. Although the diseases covered in this article are diverse and require specific approaches, several high-level, overarching key lessons can be learned by evaluating the strengths, weaknesses and gaps in the available models. This Review is intended to help guide current and future researchers toward successful development of therapeutics in these areas of high unmet medical need. Summary: This article reviews and analyzes the available preclinical models for five common neonatal diseases to direct therapeutic development in these areas of high unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Campion
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Amy Inselman
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Systems Biology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Belinda Hayes
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Costanza Casiraghi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - David Joseph
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Fabrizio Facchinetti
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Salomone
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Georg Schmitt
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Pharmaceutical Sciences, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hui
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Nonclinical Research and Development, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Karen Davis-Bruno
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Karen Van Malderen
- Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products (FAMHP), Department DG PRE authorization, 1210 Brussels, Belgium
| | - LaRonda Morford
- Eli Lilly, Global Regulatory Affairs, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | | | - Lutz Wiesner
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Clinical Trials, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kourula
- Janssen R&D, Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Suna Seo
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Susan Laffan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Non-Clinical Safety, Collegeville, PA 19406, USA
| | | | - Connie Chen
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC 20005, USA
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12
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Ma Y, Zhou Z, Yang GY, Ding J, Wang X. The Effect of Erythropoietin and Its Derivatives on Ischemic Stroke Therapy: A Comprehensive Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:743926. [PMID: 35250554 PMCID: PMC8892214 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.743926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies explored the therapeutic effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on neurodegenerative diseases. Few studies provided comprehensive and latest knowledge of EPO treatment for ischemic stroke. In the present review, we introduced the structure, expression, function of EPO, and its receptors in the central nervous system. Furthermore, we comprehensively discussed EPO treatment in pre-clinical studies, clinical trials, and its therapeutic mechanisms including suppressing inflammation. Finally, advanced studies of the therapy of EPO derivatives in ischemic stroke were also discussed. We wish to provide valuable information on EPO and EPO derivatives’ treatment for ischemic stroke for basic researchers and clinicians to accelerate the process of their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guo-Yuan Yang, ; Jing Ding,
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guo-Yuan Yang, ; Jing Ding,
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Abiramalatha T, Ramaswamy VV, Ponnala AK, Kallem VR, Murkunde YV, Punnoose AM, Vivekanandhan A, Pullattayil AK, Amboiram P. Emerging neuroprotective interventions in periventricular leukomalacia: A systematic review of preclinical studies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:305-330. [PMID: 35143732 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a result of various antenatal, intrapartum, or postnatal insults to the developing brain and is an important harbinger of cerebral palsy in preterm neonates. There is no proven therapy for PVL. This calls for appraisal of targeted therapies that have been investigated in animal models to evaluate their relevance in clinical research context. AREAS COVERED This systematic review identifies interventions that were evaluated in preclinical studies for neuroprotective efficacy against PVL. We identified 142 studies evaluating various interventions in PVL animal models. (Search method is detailed in section 2). EXPERT OPINION Interventions that have yielded significant results in preclinical research, and that have been evaluated in a limited number of clinical trials include stem cells, erythropoietin, and melatonin. Many other therapeutic modalities evaluated in preclinical studies have been identified, but more data on their neuroprotective potential in PVL must be garnered before they can be considered for clinical trials. Because most of the tested interventions had only a partial efficacy, a combination of interventions that could be synergistic should be investigated in future preclinical studies. Furthermore, since the nature and pattern of perinatal insults to preterm brain predisposing it to PVL are substantially variable, individualised approaches for the choice of appropriate neuroprotective interventions tailored to different sub-groups of preterm neonates should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaraj Abiramalatha
- Consultant Neonatologist, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital (KMCH).,Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, KMCH Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Andelsivj Kumar Ponnala
- Centre for Toxicology and Developmental Research (CEFTE), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Yogeshkumar V Murkunde
- Centre for Toxicology and Developmental Research (CEFTE), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Alan Mathew Punnoose
- Department of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Prakash Amboiram
- Department of Neonatology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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14
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Mota-Rojas D, Villanueva-García D, Solimano A, Muns R, Ibarra-Ríos D, Mota-Reyes A. Pathophysiology of Perinatal Asphyxia in Humans and Animal Models. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020347. [PMID: 35203556 PMCID: PMC8961792 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia is caused by lack of oxygen delivery (hypoxia) to end organs due to an hypoxemic or ischemic insult occurring in temporal proximity to labor (peripartum) or delivery (intrapartum). Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy is the clinical manifestation of hypoxic injury to the brain and is usually graded as mild, moderate, or severe. The search for useful biomarkers to precisely predict the severity of lesions in perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a field of increasing interest. As pathophysiology is not fully comprehended, the gold standard for treatment remains an active area of research. Hypothermia has proven to be an effective neuroprotective strategy and has been implemented in clinical routine. Current studies are exploring various add-on therapies, including erythropoietin, xenon, topiramate, melatonin, and stem cells. This review aims to perform an updated integration of the pathophysiological processes after perinatal asphyxia in humans and animal models to allow us to answer some questions and provide an interim update on progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
- Correspondence: (D.M.-R.); (D.V.-G.)
| | - Dina Villanueva-García
- Division of Neonatology, National Institute of Health Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (D.M.-R.); (D.V.-G.)
| | - Alfonso Solimano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada;
| | - Ramon Muns
- Livestock Production Sciences Unit, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough BT26 6DR, UK;
| | - Daniel Ibarra-Ríos
- Division of Neonatology, National Institute of Health Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Andrea Mota-Reyes
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, TecSalud, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM), Monterrey 64849, Mexico;
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15
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Pan JJ, Wu Y, Liu Y, Cheng R, Chen XQ, Yang Y. The effect of erythropoietin on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: An updated meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1074287. [PMID: 36699298 PMCID: PMC9869948 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1074287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Erythropoietin (EPO) seems to have a good application prospect both in experimental models and patients with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). Data regarding the effect of EPO on death or neurodevelopmental impairment are conflicting. METHODS A search was conducted by two investigators involved in this research in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for studies in English, in Wanfang, VIP, and Cnki databases for Chinese studies (all last launched on 2022/08/31). Ultimately, we identified 11 original studies, including the EPO group (n = 636) and the control group (n = 626). Odds ratio (OR) and weighted mean difference were calculated using a random effects or fixed effects model, depending on the data type and heterogeneity of the included studies. RESULTS 1. The comparison of effectiveness of EPO treatment on HIE: (1) With respect to death, data showed no significant difference between EPO and control groups (OR = 0.97, 95% CI, 0.66-1.43; P = 0.88); Considering the additional effect of mild hypothermia treatment (MHT), no significant difference was found between EPO + MHT/control + MHT groups either (OR = 1.09, 95% CI, 0.69-1.73; P = 0.72); With respect to the interference of different routes of medication administration, Meta-analysis further showed no difference between intravenous EPO/control groups (OR = 1.13, 95% CI, 0.70-1.82; P = 0.62). (2) With respect to cerebral palsy, the analysis showed no significant difference (OR = 0.76, 95% CI, 0.50-1.15; P = 0.20); Considering the effect of MHT and routes of medication administration, data further showed no difference between EPO group and control group (OR = 1.26, 95% CI, 0.73-2.19; P = 0.41). (3) Regarding epilepsy, no significant difference was found (OR = 0.49, 95% CI, 0.20-1.19; P = 0.12). MR abnormality was less common in EPO group (OR = 0.39, 95% CI, 0.19-0.79; P = 0.008). 2. The comparison of possible adverse events of EPO: EPO treatment would not increase the risk of thrombocytopenia, hypotension, and hepatic and kidney injury. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis showed that EPO treatment is not beneficial for reducing death and improving neurological impairment, though it would not increase the risk of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Pan
- First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing, China
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16
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Chen A, Chen X, Deng J, Zheng X. Research advances in the role of endogenous neurogenesis on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:986452. [PMID: 36299701 PMCID: PMC9589272 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.986452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is the main cause of perinatal mortality and neurologic complications in neonates, but it remains difficult to cure due to scarce treatments and complex molecular mechanisms remaining incompletely explained. Recent, mounting evidence shows that endogenous neurogenesis can improve neonatal neurological dysfunction post-HIBD. However, the capacity for spontaneous endogenous neurogenesis is limited and insufficient for replacing neurons lost to brain damage. Therefore, it is of great clinical value and social significance to seek therapeutic techniques that promote endogenous neurogenesis, to reduce neonatal neurological dysfunction from HIBD. This review summarizes the known neuroprotective effects of, and treatments targeting, endogenous neurogenesis following neonatal HIBD, to provide available targets and directions and a theoretical basis for the treatment of neonatal neurological dysfunction from HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Emergency Medical Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Co-Constructed Laboratory of "Belt and Road", Fuzhou, China
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17
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Mathew JL, Suman Rao PN, Vinayan KP. Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Hypothermia for Neonatal Encephalopathy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Indian Pediatr 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-021-2335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Chakkarapani AA, Aly H, Benders M, Cotten CM, El-Dib M, Gressens P, Hagberg H, Sabir H, Wintermark P, Robertson NJ. Therapies for neonatal encephalopathy: Targeting the latent, secondary and tertiary phases of evolving brain injury. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 26:101256. [PMID: 34154945 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2021.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In term and near-term neonates with neonatal encephalopathy, therapeutic hypothermia protocols are well established. The current focus is on how to improve outcomes further and the challenge is to find safe and complementary therapies that confer additional protection, regeneration or repair in addition to cooling. Following hypoxia-ischemia, brain injury evolves over three main phases (latent, secondary and tertiary), each with a different brain energy, perfusion, neurochemical and inflammatory milieu. While therapeutic hypothermia has targeted the latent and secondary phase, we now need therapies that cover the continuum of brain injury that spans hours, days, weeks and months after the initial event. Most agents have several therapeutic actions but can be broadly classified under a predominant action (e.g., free radical scavenging, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, neuroregeneration, and vascular effects). Promising early/secondary phase therapies include Allopurinol, Azithromycin, Exendin-4, Magnesium, Melatonin, Noble gases and Sildenafil. Tertiary phase agents include Erythropoietin, Stem cells and others. We review a selection of promising therapeutic agents on the translational pipeline and suggest a framework for neuroprotection and neurorestoration that targets the evolving injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hany Aly
- Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Manon Benders
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - C Michael Cotten
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Mohamed El-Dib
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France; Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Hemmen Sabir
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Pia Wintermark
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Nicola J Robertson
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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19
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Zareen Z, Strickland T, Fallah L, McEneaney V, Kelly L, McDonald D, Molloy EJ. Cytokine dysregulation in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63:407-412. [PMID: 33185287 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in children with cerebral palsy (CP) at baseline and in response to endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), and correlate outcomes compared with age-matched comparisons, to evaluate their ability to mount an immune response. METHOD Serum cytokines were assessed in 12 children (eight males, four females; mean age 10y 1mo [SD 1y 8mo], 6-16y) with CP against 12 age-matched comparisons (eight males, four females; mean age 9y 1mo [SD 1y 1mo]). Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, interleukin-18, tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-α, TNF-β, interferon-γ, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], erythropoietin, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) were measured at baseline and in response to in vitro simulation with lipopolysaccharide by multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Significantly higher erythropoietin was found at baseline in children with CP compared with the comparison group. There was a strong response to lipopolysaccharide for interleukin-8, VEGF, TNF-α, and GM-CSF in both children with CP and the comparison group; however, there was significant lipopolysaccharide hyporesponsiveness in children with CP compared with the comparison group for interleukin-1α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, and interleukin-6. INTERPRETATION Altered cytokine responses in children with CP compared with the comparison group demonstrate an altered inflammatory state that may contribute to ongoing sequelae and could be a target for therapy. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Altered inflammatory responses persist in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Erythropoietin is elevated in children with CP compared with the comparison group. Children with CP have reduced interleukin-1α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, and interleukin-6 inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunera Zareen
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Paediatrics, Children's Health Ireland at Tallaght, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Paediatrics, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tammy Strickland
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lida Fallah
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Computer Science and Statistics (SCSS), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Victoria McEneaney
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lynne Kelly
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Paediatrics, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Denise McDonald
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Paediatrics, Children's Health Ireland at Tallaght, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleanor J Molloy
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Paediatrics, Children's Health Ireland at Tallaght, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Paediatrics, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Paediatrics, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Neonatology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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McAdams RM, Berube MW. Emerging therapies and management for neonatal encephalopathy-controversies and current approaches. J Perinatol 2021; 41:661-674. [PMID: 33712717 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-021-01022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) continues to have a major impact on newborn survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes worldwide. In high-income settings, therapeutic hypothermia is the only established standard treatment for neonates with moderate-to-severe NE, with compelling evidence that cooling reduces mortality and major neurodevelopmental impairment in survivors. Despite therapeutic hypothermia, a significant proportion of cooled infants continue to suffer long-term disability from brain injury. Innovative therapies offer the possibility of further improving neurodevelopmental outcomes by working synergistically with therapeutic hypothermia to decrease hypoxia-ischemia-induced excitotoxicity, prevent progression to secondary energy failure, and in some cases, promote neuroregeneration in the developing neonatal brain. This review discusses emerging NE therapies currently under investigation, offers insight into controversies surrounding various approaches to clinical care during therapeutic hypothermia, and identifies ongoing knowledge deficits that hinder attainment of optimal outcomes for neonates with NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M McAdams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Megan W Berube
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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21
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Ahmed J, Pullattayil S AK, Robertson NJ, More K. Melatonin for neuroprotection in neonatal encephalopathy: A systematic review & meta-analysis of clinical trials. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021; 31:38-45. [PMID: 33601197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Melatonin has shown neuroprotective properties in pre-clinical studies of perinatal asphyxia through antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory actions. Studies have also demonstrated its safety and efficacy in neonatal encephalopathy (NE). However, its role in the current era of therapeutic hypothermia (HT) is unclear. The review aims to describe the currently available clinical evidence for Melatonin as a potential therapy for NE. METHODS Data Sources: We searched Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, and Cochrane central databases, published journals, and conference proceedings from inception to May 31, 2020. STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Melatonin for NE in term or late preterm infants reporting neurodevelopmental outcomes, death, or both. The evidence quality was evaluated using the GRADE system, while the recommendations were taken according to the quality. RESULTS We included five RCTs involving 215 neonates. Long-term development outcome data is lacking in all except in one small study, reporting significantly higher composite cognition scores at 18 months. One study reported intermediate 6-month favorable development on follow-up. Meta-analysis of mortality in combined HT + Melatonin group vs HT alone (Studies = 2, participants = 54) demonstrated no significant reduction with relative risk (RR) 0.42; 95%CI, 0.99-1.12). The overall GRADE evidence quality was very low for a very small sample size. We did not meta-analyze the data for Melatonin alone therapy without HT, as the included studies were of very low quality. CONCLUSIONS Despite strong experimental data supporting the role of Melatonin as a neuroprotective agent in NE (both alone and as an adjunct with therapeutic hypothermia), the clinical data supporting the neuroprotective effects in neonates is limited. Larger well designed, adequately powered multicentre clinical trials are urgently needed to define the neuroprotective role of Melatonin in optimizing outcomes of NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ahmed
- Division of Neonatology, Women's Wellness and Research Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | | | - Nicola J Robertson
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, BioQuarter, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK; The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Kiran More
- Division of Neonatology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar; Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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Erythropoietin monotherapy for neuroprotection after neonatal encephalopathy in low-to-middle income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Perinatol 2021; 41:2134-2140. [PMID: 34175900 PMCID: PMC8440196 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-021-01132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined whether erythropoietin monotherapy improves neurodevelopmental outcomes in near-term and term infants with neonatal encephalopathy (NE) in low-middle income countries (LMICs). METHODS We searched Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify studies that used erythropoietin (1500-12,500 units/kg/dose) or a derivative to treat NE. RESULTS Five studies, with a total of 348 infants in LMICs, were retrieved. However, only three of the five studies met the primary outcome of death or neuro-disability at 18 months of age or later. Erythropoietin reduced the risk of death (during the neonatal period and at follow-up) or neuro-disability at 18 months or later (p < 0.05). Death or neuro-disability occurred in 27.6% of the erythropoietin group and 49.7% of the comparison group (risk ratio 0.56 (95% CI: 0.42-0.75)). CONCLUSION The pooled data suggest that erythropoietin monotherapy may improve outcomes after NE in LMICs where therapeutic hypothermia is not available.
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Potential Efficacy of Erythropoietin on Reducing the Risk of Mortality in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7563868. [PMID: 33178833 PMCID: PMC7644316 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7563868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of erythropoietin (EPO) on mortality, neurological outcomes, and adverse event in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods We searched databases including PubMed, OVID, and the Cochrane Library from inception until October 18, 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare EPO treatment group and placebo in patients with TBI. Two authors independently processed the data and evaluated the quality of inclusion studies. Statistical analysis was performed with heterogeneity test with I 2 and chi-square tests. We summarized the mortality, prognosis of neurological function, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) outcomes and presented as risk ratio (RR) or risk difference (RD) with a 95% CI. Results Seven RCTs accounting for 1180 patients were included after meeting the inclusion criteria. Compared with placebo, the overall mortality of EPO-treated patients was significantly reduced (RR 0.68 [95% CI 0.50-0.93]; p = 0.02). EPO therapy did not improve neurological prognosis (RR 1.21 [95% CI 0.93-1.15]; p = 0.16) or increase the occurrence of DVT (RR 0.83 [95% CI 0.61-1.13]; p = 0.242), which showed no significant difference. Conclusions The results showed that the administration of EPO may reduce the risk of mortality without enhancing the occurrence of DVT in TBI patients. However, the effect of EPO on neurological outcome remains indistinct. Through subgroup analysis, we demonstrated that the dose of EPO may be a potential factor affecting the heterogeneity in neurological function and that the follow-up duration may influence the stability of the result.
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Zhou KQ, Davidson JO, Bennet L, Gunn AJ. Combination treatments with therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic-ischemic neuroprotection. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:1131-1137. [PMID: 32614467 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia is now proven to reduce death or disability in term and near-term born infants with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Nevertheless, many infants still survive with disability, despite treatment with hypothermia. Recent preclinical and clinical studies suggest that current protocols for therapeutic hypothermia are near-optimal. The obvious strategy, in addition to improving early initiation of therapeutic hypothermia after birth, is to combine hypothermia with other neuroprotective agents. We review evidence that the mechanisms of action of many promising agents overlap with the anti-excitotoxic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of hypothermia, leading to a lack of benefit from combination treatment. Moreover, even apparently beneficial combinations have failed to translate in clinical trials. These considerations highlight the need for preclinical studies to test clinically realistic protocols of timing and duration of treatment, before committing to large randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Q Zhou
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanne O Davidson
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Bennet
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair J Gunn
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Bhoopalan SV, Huang LJS, Weiss MJ. Erythropoietin regulation of red blood cell production: from bench to bedside and back. F1000Res 2020; 9:F1000 Faculty Rev-1153. [PMID: 32983414 PMCID: PMC7503180 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.26648.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 50 years of efforts to identify the major cytokine responsible for red blood cell (RBC) production (erythropoiesis) led to the identification of erythropoietin (EPO) in 1977 and its receptor (EPOR) in 1989, followed by three decades of rich scientific discovery. We now know that an elaborate oxygen-sensing mechanism regulates the production of EPO, which in turn promotes the maturation and survival of erythroid progenitors. Engagement of the EPOR by EPO activates three interconnected signaling pathways that drive RBC production via diverse downstream effectors and simultaneously trigger negative feedback loops to suppress signaling activity. Together, the finely tuned mechanisms that drive endogenous EPO production and facilitate its downstream activities have evolved to maintain RBC levels in a narrow physiological range and to respond rapidly to erythropoietic stresses such as hypoxia or blood loss. Examination of these pathways has elucidated the genetics of numerous inherited and acquired disorders associated with deficient or excessive RBC production and generated valuable drugs to treat anemia, including recombinant human EPO and more recently the prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, which act partly by stimulating endogenous EPO synthesis. Ongoing structure-function studies of the EPOR and its essential partner, tyrosine kinase JAK2, suggest that it may be possible to generate new "designer" drugs that control selected subsets of cytokine receptor activities for therapeutic manipulation of hematopoiesis and treatment of blood cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Velan Bhoopalan
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS #355, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Lily Jun-shen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Mitchell J. Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS #355, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
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Hierro-Bujalance C, Infante-Garcia C, Sanchez-Sotano D, del Marco A, Casado-Revuelta A, Mengual-Gonzalez CM, Lucena-Porras C, Bernal-Martin M, Benavente-Fernandez I, Lubian-Lopez S, Garcia-Alloza M. Erythropoietin Improves Atrophy, Bleeding and Cognition in the Newborn Intraventricular Hemorrhage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:571258. [PMID: 33043002 PMCID: PMC7525073 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.571258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) is one of the most devastating complications of prematurity. The short- and long-term neurodevelopmental consequences after severe GM-IVH are a major concern for neonatologists. These kids are at high risk of psychomotor alterations and cerebral palsy; however, therapeutic approaches are limited. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been previously used to treat several central nervous system complications due to its role in angiogenesis, neurogenesis and as growth factor. In addition, EPO is regularly used to reduce the number of transfusions in the preterm infant. Moreover, EPO crosses the blood-brain barrier and EPO receptors are expressed in the human brain throughout development. To analyze the role of EPO in the GM-IVH, we have administered intraventricular collagenase (Col) to P7 mice, as a model of GM-IVH of the preterm infant. After EPO treatment, we have characterized our animals in the short (14 days) and the long (70 days) term. In our hands, EPO treatment significantly limited brain atrophy and ventricle enlargement. EPO also restored neuronal density and ameliorated dendritic spine loss. Likewise, inflammation and small vessel bleeding were also reduced, resulting in the preservation of learning and memory abilities. Moreover, plasma gelsolin levels, as a feasible peripheral marker of GM-IVH-induced damage, recovered after EPO treatment. Altogether, our data support the positive effect of EPO treatment in our preclinical model of GM-IVH, both in the short and the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Hierro-Bujalance
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidadde Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Infante-Garcia
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidadde Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Angel del Marco
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidadde Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ana Casado-Revuelta
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidadde Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Isabel Benavente-Fernandez
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
- Division of Paediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Simon Lubian-Lopez
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
- Division of Paediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Monica Garcia-Alloza
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidadde Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
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Adjunctive Neuroprotective Therapies for Treatment of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE). CURRENT PEDIATRICS REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40124-020-00231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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White matter injury and neurodevelopmental disabilities: A cross-disease (dis)connection. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 193:101845. [PMID: 32505757 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
White matter (WM) injury, once known primarily in preterm newborns, is emerging in its non-focal (diffused), non-necrotic form as a critical component of subtle brain injuries in many early-life diseases like prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction, congenital heart defects, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. While advances in medical techniques have reduced the number of severe outcomes, the incidence of tardive impairments in complex cognitive functions or psychopathology remains high, with lifelong detrimental effects. The importance of WM in coordinating neuronal assemblies firing and neural groups synchronizing within multiple frequency bands through myelination, even mild alterations in WM structure, may interfere with the cognitive performance that increasing social and learning demands would exploit tardively during children growth. This phenomenon may contribute to explaining longitudinally the high incidence of late-appearing impairments that affect children with a history of perinatal insults. Furthermore, WM abnormalities have been highlighted in several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia. In this review, we gather and organize evidence on how diffused WM injuries contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders through different perinatal diseases and insults. An insight into a possible common, cross-disease, mechanism, neuroimaging and monitoring, biomarkers, and neuroprotective strategies will also be presented.
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The Effect of Size, Maturation, Global Asphyxia, Cerebral Ischemia, and Therapeutic Hypothermia on the Pharmacokinetics of High-Dose Recombinant Erythropoietin in Fetal Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093042. [PMID: 32344930 PMCID: PMC7247678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose human recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO) is a promising potential neuroprotective treatment in preterm and full-term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). There are limited data on the pharmacokinetics of high-dose rEPO in neonates. We examined the effects of body weight, gestation age, global asphyxia, cerebral ischemia, hypothermia and exogenous rEPO on the pharmacokinetics of high-dose rEPO in fetal sheep. Near-term fetal sheep on gestation day 129 (0.87 gestation) (full term 147 days) received sham-ischemia (n = 5) or cerebral ischemia for 30 min followed by treatment with vehicle (n = 4), rEPO (n = 8) or combined treatment with rEPO and hypothermia (n = 8). Preterm fetal sheep on gestation day 104 (0.7 gestation) received sham-asphyxia (n = 1) or complete umbilical cord occlusion for 25 min followed by i.v. infusion of vehicle (n = 8) or rEPO (n = 27) treatment. rEPO was given as a loading bolus, followed by a prolonged continuous infusion for 66 to 71.5 h in preterm and near-term fetuses. A further group of preterm fetal sheep received repeated bolus injections of rEPO (n = 8). The plasma concentrations of rEPO were best described by a pharmacokinetic model that included first-order and mixed-order elimination with linear maturation of elimination with gestation age. There were no detectable effects of therapeutic hypothermia, cerebral ischemia, global asphyxia or exogenous treatment on rEPO pharmacokinetics. The increase in rEPO elimination with gestation age suggests that to maintain target exposure levels during prolonged treatment, the dose of rEPO may have to be adjusted to match the increase in size and growth. These results are important for designing and understanding future studies of neuroprotection with high-dose rEPO.
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