1
|
Shoaib M, Xu J, Meng X, Wu Z, Hou X, He Z, Shang R, Zhang H, Pu W. Molecular epidemiology and characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains isolated from dairy cattle milk in Northwest, China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1183390. [PMID: 37265496 PMCID: PMC10230075 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1183390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-aureus Staphylococcus (NAS) species are currently the most commonly identified microbial agents causing sub-clinical infections of the udder and are also deemed as opportunistic pathogens of clinical mastitis in dairy cattle. More than 10 NAS species have been identified and studied but little is known about S. haemolyticus in accordance with dairy mastitis. The present study focused on the molecular epidemiology and genotypic characterization of S. haemolyticus isolated from dairy cattle milk in Northwest, China. Methods In this study, a total of 356 milk samples were collected from large dairy farms in three provinces in Northwest, China. The bacterial isolation and presumptive identification were done by microbiological and biochemical methods following the molecular confirmation by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) were identified by PCR. The phylogenetic grouping and sequence typing was done by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) respectively. Results In total, 39/356 (11.0%) were identified as positive for S. haemolyticus. The overall prevalence of other Staphylococcus species was noted to be 39.6% (141/356), while the species distribution was as follows: S. aureus 14.9%, S. sciuri 10.4%, S. saprophyticus 7.6%, S. chromogenes 4.2%, S. simulans 1.4%, and S. epidermidis 1.1%. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 39 S. haemolyticus strains exhibited higher resistance to erythromycin (92.3%) followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (51.3%), ciprofloxacin (43.6%), florfenicol (30.8%), cefoxitin (28.2%), and gentamicin (23.1%). All of the S. haemolyticus strains were susceptible to tetracycline, vancomycin, and linezolid. The overall percentage of multi-drug resistant (MDR) S. haemolyticus strains was noted to be 46.15% (18/39). Among ARGs, mphC was identified as predominant (82.05%), followed by ermB (33.33%), floR (30.77%), gyrA (30.77%), sul1 (28.21%), ermA (23.08%), aadD (12.82%), grlA (12.82%), aacA-aphD (10.26%), sul2 (10.26%), dfrA (7.69%), and dfrG (5.13%). The PFGE categorized 39 S. haemolyticus strains into A-H phylogenetic groups while the MLST categorized strains into eight STs with ST8 being the most predominant while other STs identified were ST3, ST11, ST22, ST32, ST19, ST16, and ST7. Conclusion These findings provided new insights into our understanding of the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of S. haemolyticus in dairy farms to inform interventions limiting the spread of AMR in dairy production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Meng
- Lanzhou Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao Hou
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhuolin He
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Wanxia Pu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
In Vitro Bacterial Competition of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli against Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Bovine Mastitis Milk. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030600. [PMID: 36978467 PMCID: PMC10044639 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramammary infection (IMI) from the environment and infected quarters can cause co-infection. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) to survive in the same environment as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli as major pathogens. In total, 15 and 242 CNS strains were used in Experiment I and Experiment II, respectively. Both experiments were separated into three conditions: culture with CNS 24 h before (PRIOR), after (AFTER), and at the same time (EQUAL). The lack of a clear zone, regardless of size, was determined to be the key to the survival of both. The CNS species’ percentages of survival against major pathogens were tested using Fisher’s exact test. Differences in the percentages of survival were evident among the CNS species in all conditions. For the PRIOR condition, all CNS mostly survived when living with major strains; however, S. chromogenes could degrade S. agalactiae. Although most CNS strains were degraded in the AFTER and EQUAL conditions, some strains of S. hominis and S. simulans could resist S. aureus and S. agalactiae. In conclusion, some specific strains of CNS are able to survive in an environment with major pathogens. Research into the survival strains may indicate that the concept of novel bacteria with bacteriolytic capabilities might be possible as a novel mastitis treatment.
Collapse
|
3
|
Naranjo-Lucena A, Slowey R. Invited review: Antimicrobial resistance in bovine mastitis pathogens: A review of genetic determinants and prevalence of resistance in European countries. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1-23. [PMID: 36333144 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an urgent and growing problem worldwide, both for human and animal health. In the animal health sector actions have been taken as concerns grow regarding the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Mastitis is the most common infection in dairy cattle. We aimed to summarize the genetic determinants found in staphylococci, streptococci, and Enterobacteriaceae isolated from mastitic milk samples and provide a comparison of percentage resistance to a variety of antimicrobials in European countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Naranjo-Lucena
- National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Laboratory Campus, Celbridge, Ireland W23 VW2C.
| | - Rosemarie Slowey
- National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Laboratory Campus, Celbridge, Ireland W23 VW2C
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rychshanova R, Mendybayeva A, Miciński B, Mamiyev N, Shevchenko P, Bermukhametov Z, Orzechowski B, Miciński J. Antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy cows at the stage of subclinical mastitis in northern Kazakhstan. Arch Anim Breed 2022; 65:439-448. [PMID: 36756165 PMCID: PMC9901520 DOI: 10.5194/aab-65-439-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important causative agent of subclinical bovine mastitis worldwide. The aim of this research was to study the ability of S. aureus to form biofilms. Additionally, we examined the genes involved in cell resistance and sensitivity to antibiotics. Samples were collected from December 2020 to May 2021 from Simmental and black-and-white cows. The study was carried out on a total number of 643 cows, of which 278 (23 %) were in the subclinical mastitis stage. Finally, 64 S. aureus isolates were isolated and identified. The highest level of phenotypic resistance was observed to antibiotics of the tetracycline (tetracycline - 48.4 %, doxycycline - 32.8 %) and β -lactam (ampicillin - 45.3 %, penicillin - 45.3 %) groups. The genes encoding antibiotic resistance were characterized with the polymerase chain reaction method: blaZ in 30 isolates, mecA in 1 isolate, ermC in 15 isolates, aph (3) in 2 isolates, tetK in 19 isolates, tetM in 9 isolates. The tested S. aureus isolates had the ability to form biofilms in 76.6 % ( 49 / 64 ) of cases. Of these, 69.4 % were resistant to at least one antibiotic. The obtained results have shown that S. aureus, identified in cows with subclinical mastitis, was resistant mainly to tetracycline and β -lactam antibiotics. In addition, S. aureus isolates expressed resistance genes to the above drugs and had the ability to form biofilm. This study will help to identify the extent of antibiotic resistance and monitor S. aureus contamination of raw milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raushan Rychshanova
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Baitursynov University,
Kostanay, Kazakhstan
| | - Anara Mendybayeva
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Baitursynov University,
Kostanay, Kazakhstan
| | - Bartosz Miciński
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5/150, 10-719
Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Nurlan Mamiyev
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Baitursynov University,
Kostanay, Kazakhstan
| | - Pavel Shevchenko
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Baitursynov University,
Kostanay, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Bartosz Orzechowski
- Department of Sheep and Goat Breeding, Faculty of Animal
Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5/150, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan Miciński
- Department of Sheep and Goat Breeding, Faculty of Animal
Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5/150, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Oliveira RP, da Silva JG, Aragão BB, de Carvalho RG, Juliano MA, Frazzon J, Farias MPO, Mota RA. Diversity and emergence of multi-resistant Staphylococcus spp. isolated from subclinical mastitis in cows in of the state of Piauí, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:2215-2222. [PMID: 36074251 PMCID: PMC9679087 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to identify the diversity of bacterial species of the genus Staphylococcus spp. in subclinical mastitis in dairy herds in the state of Piauí, Northeastern Brazil, and to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic resistance profile. Samples were obtained from a total of 17 dairy farms, amounting to 321 positive samples in the California Mastitis Test. Staphylococcus spp. were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. Subsequently, an antibiogram was performed, and a polymerase chain reaction was carried out to screen for resistance genes in the isolates. Among all the isolates, 59.45% (110/185) belonged to the Staphylococcus genus. Moreover, the following Staphylococcus spp. were identified Staphylococcus aureus, 68.1% (75/110); Staphylococcus chromogenes, 12.7% (14/110); Staphylococcus epidermidis, 5.4% (6/110); Staphylococcus sciuri, 4.5% (5/110); Staphylococcus warneri, 2.7% (3/110); Staphylococcus haemolyticus, 1.8% (2/110); Staphylococcus hominis, 1.8% (2/110); Staphylococcus arlettae, 0.9% (1/110); Staphylococcus capitis, 0.9% (1/110); and Staphylococcus gallinarum, 0.9% (1/110). The antibiogram showed a high frequency of resistance to penicillin and ampicillin, 70.0% (77/110) and 61.8% (68/110), respectively, and a low frequency of resistance to gentamicin and vancomycin, 10.9% (12/110) and 11.8% (13/110), respectively. In the genotypic tests for the different species of Staphylococcus spp., the occurrence of the blaZ gene was observed in 60.9% (67/110) of the isolates, followed by tetL and tetM, both with 20.0% (22/110) each, and the mecA and vanB genes were detected in 0.9% (1/110) of the samples. The identification of all Staphylococcus species isolated from subclinical mastitis cases and the phenotypic and genotypic resistance characterization in these isolates is of great importance for dairy farming in the state of Piauí, as well as for public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - José Givanildo da Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Breno Bezerra Aragão
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | | | - Jeverson Frazzon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Rinaldo Aparecido Mota
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ibrahim ES, Dorgham SM, Mansour AS, Abdalhamed AM, Khalaf DD. Genotypic characterization of mecA gene and antibiogram profile of coagulase-negative staphylococci in subclinical mastitic cows. Vet World 2022; 15:2186-2191. [PMID: 36341061 PMCID: PMC9631366 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2186-2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are becoming the major cause of clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis around the world. This study aims to estimate the prevalence, antibiogram, and frequency of the methicillin-resistant (MR) (mecA) gene in CNS collected from cows with subclinical mastitis Materials and Methods: Thirty-four milk samples were collected from 20 cows. Fifteen subclinical mastitis samples (~44.12%) were identified as CNS isolates. The Vitek2 compact system method was employed for the identification of the species. Furthermore, antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed against 10 different antibiotics for CNS strains. The mecA gene from isolated CNS was detected by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Staphylococcus haemolyticus was the most predominant isolated species with an incidence of 33.3% (5/15 isolates), followed by 26.7% for Staphylococcus sciuri and Staphylococcus vitamins (4/15 isolates), and 13.3% for Staphylococcus vitulinus (2/15 isolates), respectively. The highest resistance rates were determined to be 40% (6/15 isolates) against penicillin and oxacillin (OX), 33.3% (5/15 isolates) against clindamycin, 13% (2/15 isolates) against chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, and erythromycin, and 5% (1/15 isolates) against ciprofloxacin, respectively. The results revealed that the isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, with five isolates displaying multiple antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, the results exhibit that all CNS isolates had the mecA gene at 310 bp with a 100% frequency. Moreover, for detecting MR isolates, there are significant discrepancies between phenotypic and genotypic approaches, and only 6/15 CNS isolates phenotypically demonstrated OX resistance. Conclusion: The results emphasize the necessity of frequent monitoring of phenotypic and genotypic profiles of CNS isolates to ensure effective control measures and the prevention of multidrug resistance strain evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman S. Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sohad M. Dorgham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa S. Mansour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer M. Abdalhamed
- Department of Parasitology and Animals Diseases, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Doaa D. Khalaf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ghabbour R, Awad A, Younis G. Genetic Characterization and Antimicrobial-Resistant Profiles of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Different Food Sources. Biocontrol Sci 2022; 27:87-97. [PMID: 35753797 DOI: 10.4265/bio.27.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in food of animal origin, investigated its antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and antimicrobial-resistant genes encoding resistance to methicillin (mecA), penicillin (blaZ), and vancomycin (vanA). Two hundred and sixty food samples, including raw retail milk, meat, and meat products, were obtained from local retail shops in Mansoura city, Egypt. The overall prevalence of S. aureus in the total examined food samples was 32.69% (85/260). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was identified in 11.15% (29/260) of the tested food samples. S. aureus indicated a high resistance to nalidixic acid, penicillin, ampicillin, cefuroxime, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and azithromycin. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) rate was 89.4% of the total S. aureus isolates, and MARindex ranges from 0.05-0.64. Genotypically, mecA and blaZ genes were identified in a percentage of 34.11% and 82.35%, respectively, while no isolates harbored the vanA gene. The presence of MAR S. aureus particularly, MRSA in food samples, is of great concern and represents a possible threat to the community. Therefore, the study's findings highlight the importance of establishing vigilant food safety practices for food handlers to inhibit the transmission of S. aureus through the food chain to reduce public health risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Ghabbour
- Gastro Enterology Surgery Center, Mansoura University
| | - Amal Awad
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Mehdicine, Mansoura University
| | - Gamal Younis
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Mehdicine, Mansoura University
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Duvenage S, Rossouw W, Villamizar-Rodríguez G, du Plessis EM, Korsten L. Antibiotic resistance profiles of Staphylococcus spp. from white button mushrooms and handlers. S AFR J SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2021/8667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of Staphylococcus spp. has increasingly been reported in food products and poses a public health threat. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity of Staphylococcus spp. and the antibiotic resistance profiles of isolates obtained from freshly harvested and packed ready-to-eat mushrooms (n=432) and handlers’ hands (n=150). A total of 56 Staphylococcus isolates [46.4% (n=26) from hands and 53.6% (n=30) from mushrooms] were recovered belonging to 10 species. Staphylococcus succinus isolates (n=21) were the most prevalent, of which 52.4% came from mushrooms and 47.6% from hands. This was followed by S. equorum isolates [n=12; 91.7% (n=11) from mushrooms and 8.3% (n=1) from hands] and S. saprophyticus [n=9; 66.7% (n=6) from mushrooms and 33.3% (n=3) from hands]. Six isolates that were characterised as multidrug resistant were isolated from hands of handlers. Most (83.9%; n=47) of the 56 isolates were resistant to penicillin [53.2% (n=25) from mushrooms and 46.8% (n=22) from hands] and 14.3% (n=8) were resistant to cephalosporin classes [25% (n=2) from mushrooms and 75% (n=6) from hands], both of which are used to treat staphylococcal infections. Antibiotic resistance genes blaZ [25.0% (n=14) of all isolates of which 71.4% (n=10) were from hands and 28.57% (n=4) from mushrooms], tetL and tetK [both 1.8% (n=1) from hands], mecA [5.4% (n=3) from hands] and ermA [1.8% (n=1) from mushrooms] were detected from the 56 isolates. Only two (25.0%) of the eight methicillin-resistant staphylococci harboured the mecA gene, while only 11 (23%) of the 47 penicillin-resistant isolates harboured the blaZ gene [36.4% (n=4) from mushrooms and 63.6% (n=7) from hands]. Our results demonstrate that food handlers and harvested and packed ready-to-eat mushrooms could be a source of diverse Staphylococcus spp. that exhibit antimicrobial resistance. Clinically relevant S. aureus was only detected on one handler’s hand; however, the isolate was not multidrug resistant. The presence of diverse Staphylococcus spp. on mushrooms and the hands of handlers is a potential public health concern due to their potential to cause opportunistic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Duvenage
- DSI–NRF Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria
| | - Werner Rossouw
- DSI–NRF Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria
| | - Germán Villamizar-Rodríguez
- DSI–NRF Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria
| | - Erika M. du Plessis
- DSI–NRF Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria
| | - Lise Korsten
- DSI–NRF Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abed AH, Hegazy EF, Omar SA, Abd El-Baky RM, El-Beih AA, Al-Emam A, Menshawy AMS, Khalifa E. Carvacrol Essential Oil: A Natural Antibiotic against Zoonotic Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus Species Isolated from Diseased Livestock and Humans. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1328. [PMID: 34827266 PMCID: PMC8614821 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus species cause diseases in animals and humans. The prevalence and antimicrobial profiles of Staphylococcus spp. in animals and human samples in the Minya Governorate, Egypt, were determined, and resistance- and virulence-associated genes were observed in multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. Moreover, the antibacterial effect of carvacrol essential oil (EO) on the MDR isolates was studied. A total of 216 samples were aseptically collected from subclinically mastitic cow's milk (n = 100), sheep abscesses (n = 25) and humans (n = 91). Out of 216 samples, a total of 154 single Staphylococcus species (71.3%) were isolated. The most frequent bacterial isolates were S. aureus (43%), followed by S. schleiferi (25%), S. intermedius (12%), S. xylosus (12%), S. haemolyticus (4.5%), S. epidermidis (2%) and S. aurecularis (1%). Haemolytic activity and biofilm production were detected in 77 and 47% of isolates, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed a high degree of resistance to the most commonly used antimicrobials in human and veterinary practices. The mecA, vanA, vanC1 and ermC resistance genes were detected in 93, 42, 83 and 13% of isolates, respectively. Moreover, hla, icaA and icaD virulence genes were detected in 50, 75 and 78% of isolates, respectively. Carvacrol effectively inhibited the growth of all tested isolates at concentrations of 0.1, 0.05 and 0.04% while a concentration of 0.03% inhibited 75% of isolates. Interestingly, some phenotypic changes were observed upon treatment with a carvacrol oil concentration of 0.03%. All the treated MDR Staphylococcus isolates changed from multidrug resistant to either susceptible or intermediately susceptible to 2-3 antimicrobials more than parental bacterial isolates. Real-time PCR was applied for the detection of the differential expression of mecA and vanC1 genes before and after treatment with carvacrol which revealed a mild reduction in both genes' expression after treatment. Staphylococcus spp. Containing MDR genes are more likely to spread between humans and animals. From these results, carvacrol EO is a promising natural alternative to conventional antimicrobials for pathogens impacting human health and agriculture due to its potential antimicrobial effect on MDR pathogens; even in sub-lethal doses, carvacrol EO can affect their phenotypic properties and genes' expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Abed
- Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
| | - Esraa F. Hegazy
- Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
| | - Sherif A. Omar
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12211, Egypt;
| | - Rehab M. Abd El-Baky
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 11566, Egypt;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. El-Beih
- Chemistry of Natural & Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Al-Emam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. S. Menshawy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; or
| | - Eman Khalifa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh 51511, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qu Q, Wang J, Cui W, Zhou Y, Xing X, Che R, Liu X, Chen X, Bello-Onaghise G, Dong C, Li Z, Li X, Li Y. In vitro activity and In vivo efficacy of Isoliquiritigenin against Staphylococcus xylosus ATCC 700404 by IGPD target. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226260. [PMID: 31860659 PMCID: PMC6924684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus xylosus (S. xylosus) is a type of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, which was previously considered as non-pathogenic. However, recent studies have linked it with cases of mastitis in cows. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a bioactive compound with pharmacological functions including antibacterial activity. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ISL on S. xylosus in vitro and in vivo. The MIC of ISL against S. xylosus was 80 μg/mL. It was observed that sub-MICs of ISL (1/2MIC, 1/4MIC, 1/8MIC) significantly inhibited the formation of S. xylosus biofilm in vitro. Previous studies have observed that inhibiting imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase (IGPD) concomitantly inhibited biofilm formation in S. xylosus. So, we designed experiments to target the formation of IGPD or inhibits its activities in S. xylosus ATCC 700404. The results indicated that the activity of IGPD and its histidine content decreased significantly under 1/2 MIC (40 μg/mL) ISL, and the expression of IGPD gene (hisB) and IGPD protein was significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, Bio-layer interferometry experiments showed that ISL directly interacted with IGPD protein (with strong affinity; KD = 234 μM). In addition, molecular docking was used to predict the binding mode of ISL and IGPD. In vivo tests revealed that, ISL significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-6 levels, mitigated the destruction of the mammary glands and reversed the production of inflammatory cells in mice. The results of the study suggest that, ISL may inhibit S. xylosus growth by acting on IGPD, which can be used as a target protein to treat infections caused by S. xylosus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yonghui Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Che
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - God’spower Bello-Onaghise
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Chunliu Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhengze Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiubo Li
- Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Armalytė J, Skerniškytė J, Bakienė E, Krasauskas R, Šiugždinienė R, Kareivienė V, Kerzienė S, Klimienė I, Sužiedėlienė E, Ružauskas M. Microbial Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile in Microbiota From Soils of Conventional and Organic Farming Systems. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:892. [PMID: 31105678 PMCID: PMC6498881 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil is one of the biggest reservoirs of microbial diversity, yet the processes that define the community dynamics are not fully understood. Apart from soil management being vital for agricultural purposes, it is also considered a favorable environment for the evolution and development of antimicrobial resistance, which is due to its high complexity and ongoing competition between the microorganisms. Different approaches to agricultural production might have specific outcomes for soil microbial community composition and antibiotic resistance phenotype. Therefore in this study we aimed to compare the soil microbiota and its resistome in conventional and organic farming systems that are continually influenced by the different treatment (inorganic fertilizers and pesticides vs. organic manure and no chemical pest management). The comparison of the soil microbial communities revealed no major differences among the main phyla of bacteria between the two farming styles with similar soil structure and pH. Only small differences between the lower taxa could be observed indicating that the soil community is stable, with minor shifts in composition being able to handle the different styles of treatment and fertilization. It is still unclear what level of intensity can change microbial composition but current conventional farming in Central Europe demonstrates acceptable level of intensity for soil bacterial communities. When the resistome of the soils was assessed by screening the total soil DNA for clinically relevant and soil-derived antibiotic resistance genes, a low variety of resistance determinants was detected (resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, erythromycin, and rifampicin) with no clear preference for the soil farming type. The same soil samples were also used to isolate antibiotic resistant cultivable bacteria, which were predominated by highly resistant isolates of Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Sphingobacterium and Chryseobacterium genera. The resistance of these isolates was largely dependent on the efflux mechanisms, the soil Pseudomonas spp. relying mostly on RND, while Stenotrophomonas spp. and Chryseobacterium spp. on RND and ABC transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julija Armalytė
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jūratė Skerniškytė
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Elena Bakienė
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Renatas Krasauskas
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rita Šiugždinienė
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Violeta Kareivienė
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sigita Kerzienė
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Irena Klimienė
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Edita Sužiedėlienė
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Modestas Ružauskas
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Genotyping of β-lactams resistant staphylococci isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
13
|
Klibi A, Maaroufi A, Torres C, Jouini A. Detection and characterization of methicillin-resistant and susceptible coagulase-negative staphylococci in milk from cows with clinical mastitis in Tunisia. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:930-935. [PMID: 30077662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated prevalence of methicillin-resistant (MR) and methicillin-susceptible (MS) coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) and the implicated mechanisms of resistance and virulence in milk of mastitis cows. In addition, the presence of SCCmec type was analyzed in MR Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE). RESULTS Three hundred milk samples from cows with clinical mastitis were obtained from 30 dairy farms in different regions of Tunisia. Sixty-eight of the 300 tested samples contained CNS strains. Various CNS species were identified, with Staphylococcus xylosus being the most frequently found (40%) followed by Staphylococcus warneri (12%). The mecA gene was present in 14 of 20 MR-CNS isolates. All of them were lacking the mecC gene. The SCCmecIVa was identified in four MRSE isolates. Most of CNS isolates showed penicillin resistance (70.6%) and 58.3% of them carried the blaZ gene. MR-CNS isolates (n = 20) showed resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfametoxazole harboring different resistance genes such us erm(B), erm(T), erm(C), mph(C) or msr(A), tet(K) and dfr(A). However, a lower percentage of resistance was observed among 48 MS-CNS isolates: erythromycin (8.3%), tetracycline (6.2%), streptomycin (6.2%), clindamycin (6.2%), and trimethoprim-sulfametoxazole (2%). The Inu(B) gene was detected in one Staphylococcus xylosus strain that showed clindamycin resistance. The virulence gene tsst-1 was observed in one MR-CNS strain. DISCUSSION Coagulase-negative staphylococci containing a diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes are frequently detected in milk of mastitis cows. This fact emphasizes the importance of identifying CNS when an intramammary infection is present because of the potential risk of lateral transfer of resistant genes among staphylococcal species and other pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Klibi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Developement, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, BP 74, 13 Place Pasteur, Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia. Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Abderrazek Maaroufi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Developement, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, BP 74, 13 Place Pasteur, Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia. Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Ahlem Jouini
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Developement, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, BP 74, 13 Place Pasteur, Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia. Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Breser ML, Felipe V, Bohl LP, Orellano MS, Isaac P, Conesa A, Rivero VE, Correa SG, Bianco ID, Porporatto C. Chitosan and cloxacillin combination improve antibiotic efficacy against different lifestyle of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates from chronic bovine mastitis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5081. [PMID: 29572457 PMCID: PMC5865155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis affects the health of dairy cows and the profitability of herds worldwide. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are the most frequently isolated pathogens in bovine intramammary infection. Based on the wide range of antimicrobial, mucoadhesive and immunostimulant properties demonstrated by chitosan, we have evaluated therapy efficiency of chitosan incorporation to cloxacillin antibiotic as well as its effect against different bacterial lifestyles of seven CNS isolates from chronic intramammary infections. The therapeutic effects of combinations were evaluated on planktonic cultures, bacterial biofilms and intracellular growth in mammary epithelial cells. We found that biofilms and intracellular growth forms offered a strong protection against antibiotic therapy. On the other hand, we found that chitosan addition to cloxacillin efficiently reduced the antibiotic concentration necessary for bacterial killing in different lifestyle. Remarkably, the combined treatment was not only able to inhibit bacterial biofilm establishment and increase preformed biofilm eradication, but it also reduced intracellular bacterial viability while it increased IL-6 secretion by infected epithelial cells. These findings provide a new approach to prophylactic drying therapy that could help to improve conventional antimicrobial treatment against different forms of bacterial growth in an efficient, safer and greener manner reducing multiresistant bacteria generation and spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María L Breser
- Centro de Investigación y Transferencia (CIT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina.,Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina
| | - Verónica Felipe
- Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina
| | - Luciana P Bohl
- Centro de Investigación y Transferencia (CIT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina.,Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina
| | - María S Orellano
- Centro de Investigación y Transferencia (CIT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina
| | - Paula Isaac
- Centro de Investigación y Transferencia (CIT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina.,Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina
| | - Agustín Conesa
- Centro de Investigación y Transferencia (CIT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina.,Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina
| | - Virginia E Rivero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvia G Correa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ismael D Bianco
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba (CEPROCOR), Ministerio de Industria, Comercio, Minería y Desarrollo Científico Tecnológico, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carina Porporatto
- Centro de Investigación y Transferencia (CIT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina. .,Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nobrega DB, Naushad S, Naqvi SA, Condas LAZ, Saini V, Kastelic JP, Luby C, De Buck J, Barkema HW. Prevalence and Genetic Basis of Antimicrobial Resistance in Non- aureus Staphylococci Isolated from Canadian Dairy Herds. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:256. [PMID: 29503642 PMCID: PMC5820348 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance is a major concern for the dairy industry worldwide. Objectives were to determine: (1) phenotypic and genotypic prevalence of drug-specific resistance for 25 species of non-aureus staphylococci, and (2) associations between presence of resistance determinants and antimicrobial resistance. Broth micro-dilution was used to determine resistance profiles for 1,702 isolates from 89 dairy herds. Additionally, 405 isolates were sequenced to screen for resistance determinants. Antimicrobial resistance was clearly species-dependent. Resistance to quinupristin/dalfopristin was common in Staphylococcus gallinarum (prevalence of 98%), whereas S. cohnii and S. arlettae were frequently resistant to erythromycin (prevalence of 63 and 100%, respectively). Prevalence of resistance was 10% against β-lactams and tetracyclines. In contrast, resistance to antimicrobials critically important for human medicine, namely vancomycin, fluoroquinolones, linezolid and daptomycin, was uncommon (< 1%). Genes encoding multidrug-resistance efflux pumps and resistance-associated residues in deducted amino acid sequences of the folP gene were the most frequent mechanisms of resistance, regardless of species. The estimated prevalence of the mecA gene was 17% for S. epidermidis. Several genes, including blaZ, mecA, fexA, erm, mphC, msrA, and tet were associated with drug-specific resistance, whereas other elements were not. There were specific residues in gyrB for all isolates of species intrinsically resistant to novobiocin. This study provided consensus protein sequences of key elements previously associated with resistance for 25 species of non-aureus staphylococci from dairy cattle. These results will be important for evaluating effects of interventions in antimicrobial use in Canadian dairy herds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego B Nobrega
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Sohail Naushad
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - S Ali Naqvi
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Larissa A Z Condas
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Vineet Saini
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Population, Public and Indigenous Health Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christopher Luby
- Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jeroen De Buck
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
El-Razik KAA, Arafa AA, Hedia RH, Ibrahim ES. Tetracycline resistance phenotypes and genotypes of coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates from bubaline mastitis in Egypt. Vet World 2017; 10:702-710. [PMID: 28717325 PMCID: PMC5499090 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.702-710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:: This study was devoted to elucidate the tetracycline resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) derived from normal and subclinical mastitic (SCM) buffaloes’ milk in Egypt. Materials and Methods: :: A total of 81 milk samples from 46 normal buffalo milk samples and 35 SCM buffalo milk samples at private dairy farms of Egypt were used in this study. CNS were identified using phenotypic and molecular methods (polymerase chain reaction [PCR]). CNS isolates were tested for tetracycline resistance using routine methods and multiplex PCR targeting tetracycline (tet) resistance genes followed by sequencing of positive PCR products and phylogenetic analysis. Results:: Isolation and identification of 28 (34.5%) CNS from normal and SCM buffaloes’ milk, namely, Staphylococcus intermedius (39.2%), Staphylococcus xylosus (25.0%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (10.7%), Staphylococcus hominis (10.7%), and 3.5% to each of Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, and Staphylococcus simulans. Using nested PCR, all the 28 CNS isolates revealed positive for 16srRNA gene specific for genus staphylococci and negative for thermonuclease (nuc) gene specific for Staphylococcus aureus species. The presence of tetracycline resistance-encoding genes (tetK, tetL, tetM, and tetO) was detected by multiplex PCR. All isolates were negative for tetL, M, and O genes while 14 (50%) CNS isolates were positive for tetK gene, namely, S. lugdunensis (100%), S. hominis (100%), S. epidermidis (66.6%), S. intermedius (45.4%), and S. xylosus (42.8%). Nucleotide sequencing of tetK gene followed by phylogenetic analysis showed the high homology between our CNS isolates genes of tetracycline resistance with S. aureus isolates including Egyptian ones. This proves the transfer of the tetracycline resistance encoding genes between coagulase-negative and coagulase positive Staphylococcus spp. Conclusion:: CNS isolates have distinguishingly high resistance to tetracycline. Abundant tetracycline usage for mastitis treatment leads to the spread of genetic resistance mechanisms inside CNS strains and among all Staphylococcus spp. Consequently, tetracycline is not effective anymore.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Abd El-Razik
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - A A Arafa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - R H Hedia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - E S Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Penicillins are an important group of antibiotics used to treat various types of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. So far, the blaZ gene was the only known β-lactamase gene in staphylococci. However, other putative β-lactamases were identified, and one of them was shown to be a novel functional β-lactamase encoded by blaARL in Staphylococcus arlettae, further limiting treatment options. Whole-genome sequencing of penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus arlettae strain SAN1670 from bovine mastitis milk revealed a novel β-lactamase operon consisting of the β-lactamase-encoding gene blaARL, the antirepressor-encoding gene blaR1ARL, and the repressor-encoding gene blaIARL. The functionality of blaARL was demonstrated by gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus. The blaARL operon was chromosomally located in SAN1670 and present in 10 additional unrelated strains, suggesting intrinsic penicillin resistance in S. arlettae. Furthermore, a GenBank search revealed more unique potential β-lactamases in Staphylococcus species. IMPORTANCE Penicillins are an important group of antibiotics used to treat various types of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. So far, the blaZ gene was the only known β-lactamase gene in staphylococci. However, other putative β-lactamases were identified, and one of them was shown to be a novel functional β-lactamase encoded by blaARL in Staphylococcus arlettae, further limiting treatment options.
Collapse
|