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Regalin D, de Moraes RS, Adorno BA, Comassetto F, da Costa Regalin BD, Gehrcke MI, Vasconcellos RS, Guimarães-Okamoto PTC, Melchert A, Oleskovicz N. High carbohydrate is preferable to high lipid parenteral nutrition in healthy dogs undergoing prolonged sedation. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1171-1187. [PMID: 38231371 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is commonly used in intensive care units (ICUs) and is associated with earlier hospital outcome. However, there is scarcity of information about the metabolic effects of PN caloric distribution for dogs. Considering the high tolerance of dogs to lipids and, also, that hospitalized animals usually present insulin resistance, PN formulation with high fat instead high glucose can provide metabolic benefits in this specie. This study evaluated two PN protocols, based on high lipid or high carbohydrate in 12 healthy dogs under sedation/ventilation during 24 h. For baseline data, blood samples were collected 24 h before the study beginning. After fasting, the dogs were anesthetized and put under mechanical ventilation without energy support for 12 h to obtain: daily energy expenditure (DEE), respiratory quotient (RQ), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), lactate, glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations. After, the dogs were allocated into two groups: lipid-based energy group (LEG) and carbohydrate-based energy group (CEG). Both groups received the PN infusions at a rate of 3 mL/kg/h for 12 h. Blood tests were performed 12, 24, and 48 h after infusion's completion. VO2 increased after PN in LEG, increasing energy expenditure compared to CEG. RQ remained close to 1 in CEG, indicating carbohydrate preferential consumption. Triglycerides increased in both groups after propofol infusion, remaining higher in LEG until the end of the evaluation. Glycaemia increased in CEG compared to baseline. In conclusion, both PN protocols can be used in healthy animals undergoing prolonged sedation protocols. However, high lipid PN had higher VO2 and DEE, and resulted in higher triglycerides concentrations and lower glycaemia indexes than carbohydrate, making high carbohydrate PN preferable to high lipid PN. Therefore, for use in critically ill patients, the data obtained in this study should be extrapolated, taking into consideration the specificity of each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doughlas Regalin
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Bioscience, Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Jataí, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Reiner Silveira de Moraes
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara Ataíde Adorno
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Bioscience, Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Felipe Comassetto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Martielo Ivan Gehrcke
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPeL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandra Melchert
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilson Oleskovicz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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dos Santos MAB, Vargas AM, Rosato PN, Andrade CG, Martins CM, Petri G. Evaluation of Three Human-Use Glucometers for Blood Glucose Measurement in Dogs. Vet Med Int 2022; 2022:9112961. [PMID: 36465855 PMCID: PMC9715321 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9112961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucometers or portable sensors are used to quickly measure blood glucose at low cost. They are used in veterinary practice and by guardians to monitor diseases that require, as in diabetes mellitus. However, not all commercially available glucometers (human and veterinary) are suitable for this purpose. Hypotheses/Objectives. The objective was to evaluate the analytical and clinical precision of three human-use portable glucometers. Animals. This study evaluated 115 samples in three glycemic ranges (hypoglycemia, normoglycemia, and hyperglycemia) from 82 dogs recruited from veterinary services. METHODS The portable glucometers are the FreeStyle Freedom Lite®, FreeStyle Optium Neo®, and On Call Plus® models. Glucometer results were compared with the enzymatic colorimetric glucose oxidase laboratory reference method. Using descriptive and comparative statistical analysis, there were correlations between these devices and the standard method, ISO 15197 : 2003 and ISO 15197 : 2013 standards, and error grid analysis. RESULTS Only the Freedom Lite® device observed a statistical difference when compared with the reference method. Despite the underestimated glucose concentrations assessed with humane devices, all three tested herein showed a positive coefficient. However, none of these achieved all ISO guidelines. Conclusion and Clinical Importance. Although there was wide use of portable humane devices for dog glucose measurements on routine, the results are generally inferior when compared to the reference method. The FreeStyle Optium Neo® glucometer obtained the best result and is therefore the best option among the glucometers evaluated; however, for the first attendance on veterinary routine, all three glucometers had a satisfactory glucose measurement until the reference method availability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula Nunes Rosato
- Anclivet Veterinary Laboratory Goias Street, 118, Gonzaga 11050-100, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Gomes Andrade
- São Judas Tadeu University Comendador Martins Street, 52, Vila Matias, 11015-530, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Marinelli Martins
- AAC&T Research Consulting LTDA Domingas Vigo Zaninelli Street, Boa Vista 82540-096, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Giuliana Petri
- Metropolitan University of Santos (UNIMES)-Prefeito Antônio Manoel de Carvalho Avenue, 3935 Morro Nova Cintra 11080-100, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Wolfenden G, James FE, Hung LHT, Bruce M, Thompson M. Comparative accuracy of two veterinary‐calibrated point‐of‐care glucometres for measurement of blood glucose concentration in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2022; 63:512-519. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. Bruce
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Centre for Biosecurity and One Health Murdoch University Murdoch 6150 Australia
| | - M. Thompson
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Camperdown 2050 Australia
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Mori A, Oda H, Onozawa E, Shono S, Sako T. Evaluation of newly developed veterinary portable blood glucose meter with hematocrit correction in dogs and cats. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1690-1693. [PMID: 28824044 PMCID: PMC5658561 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the accuracy of a newly developed veterinary portable blood glucose
meter (PBGM) with hematocrit correction in dogs and cats. Sixty-one dogs and 31 cats were
used for the current study. Blood samples were obtained from each dog and cat one to six
times. Acceptable results were obtained in error grid analysis between PBGM and reference
method values (glucose oxidation methods) in both dogs and cats. Bland–Altman plot
analysis revealed a mean difference between the PBGM value and reference method value of
−1.975 mg/dl (bias) in dogs and 1.339 mg/dl (bias) in
cats. Hematocrit values did not affect the results of the veterinary PBGM. Therefore, this
veterinary PBGM is clinically useful in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Mori
- School of Veterinary Nursing & Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hitomi Oda
- School of Veterinary Nursing & Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Eri Onozawa
- School of Veterinary Nursing & Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Saori Shono
- School of Veterinary Nursing & Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Toshinori Sako
- School of Veterinary Nursing & Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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