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Gupta M, Dwivedi V, Kumar S, Patel A, Niazi P, Yadav VK. Lead toxicity in plants: mechanistic insights into toxicity, physiological responses of plants and mitigation strategies. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2365576. [PMID: 38899525 PMCID: PMC11195469 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2365576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Soil toxicity is a major environmental issue that leads to numerous harmful effects on plants and human beings. Every year a huge amount of Pb is dumped into the environment either from natural sources or anthropogenically. Being a heavy metal it is highly toxic and non-biodegradable but remains in the environment for a long time. It is considered a neurotoxic and exerts harmful effects on living beings. In the present review article, investigators have emphasized the side effects of Pb on the plants. Further, the authors have focused on the various sources of Pb in the environment. Investigators have emphasized the various responses including molecular, biochemical, and morphological of plants to the toxic levels of Pb. Further emphasis was given to the effect of elevated levels of Pb on the microbial population in the rhizospheres. Further, emphasized the various remediation strategies for the Pb removal from the soil and water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoti Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Vinay Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Swatantar Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Parwiz Niazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Kandahar University, Kandahar, Afghanistan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, EGE University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
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Dantas Arouca NGF, Moreira LFF, Moraes EP, do Nascimento Batista JA. Spatio-temporal variability of potentially toxic elements' pollution in road-deposited sediments according to health risk thresholds: a meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:258. [PMID: 38886307 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Road deposited sediments (RDS) are important sinks of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), which may have a significant impact on human health. A systematic review of published papers on the PTEs occurrence in RDS was carried out. The main goal was to assess the global RDS contamination by PTEs and human health risks linked with anthropogenic activities. A systematic search was made to collect information about the most cited PTEs in the published literature and perform a statistical analysis. Subsequently, health risks were assessed for 35 different areas worldwide. PTE concentrations showed high variability, and means were multiple times higher than the corresponding consensus-based threshold effect concentrations (5.2-, 10.3-, 5.3-, 3-, 7.3-, and 3.6-fold higher for Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, and Cd, respectively). PTEs concentrations were ranked as Zn > Pb > Cu > Mn > Cr > Ni > Cd. Non carcinogenic risks followed the trend Pb > Cu > Zn > Cd. Lead is responsible for the highest significant non carcinogenic risk to human health. Unacceptable exposition to carcinogenic risks is present in most areas. The top carcinogenic risk areas were Singapore > Beijing > Yixing > Shanghai > Zhuzhou for adult male, Dresden > Singapore > Ulsan > Huludao for adult females, and Dresden > Singapore > Ulsan > Huludao for children. Highest chromium and nickel carcinogenic risks occurred in Singapore, Cd in Dresden, and Cu in Huludao. Highest RDS contamination was seen in industrial areas due to pollutants deposition. Highest Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb concentrations occur in densely urbanized areas due to heavy-duty vehicular exhausts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucio Flavio Ferreira Moreira
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Edgar Perin Moraes
- Chemometrics and Biological Chemistry Group (CBC), Institute of Chemistry, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Moyebi OD, Lebbie T, Carpenter DO. Standards for levels of lead in soil and dust around the world. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2024; 0:reveh-2024-0030. [PMID: 38856075 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2024-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Lead poisoning is a serious environmental health problem in every country in the world. Exposure to lead results in neurocognitive and behavioral changes, has adverse effects on the immune system, causes anemia, hypertension and perturbs other organ systems. The effects of lead poisoning are most critical for children because their bodies are growing and developing, and particularly because agents that reduce cognitive function and attention span as well as promote disruptive behavior will have life-long consequences. Lead exposure, especially to children, is a major health disparity issue. If the next generation starts with reduced cognitive ability, there will be significant barriers for development of skills and country-wide development. While there are many sources of exposure to lead, the commonest source is lead in soil and dust. Since lead is an element, it does not go away and past releases of lead into the environment remain as soil and dust contamination. This is an especially important route of exposure to children because children regularly play in soil and are exposed via hand-to-mouth activity. In addition to indoor sources of lead, contaminated soil is tracked on shoes or feet and blown by air currents into homes, accumulating in household dust which is a major source of exposure for both children and adults. The purpose of this review is to determine standards presumed to be health protective for lead and dust in different countries. We find that many countries have no standards for lead in soil and dust and rely on standards set by the World Health Organization or the US Environmental Protection Agency, and these standards may or may not be enforced. There is considerable variation in standards set by other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omosehin D Moyebi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, 1084 University at Albany , Rensselaer, NY, USA
- Nursing Program, School of Science, Navajo Technical University, Crownpoint, NM, USA
| | - Tamba Lebbie
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, 1084 University at Albany , Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - David O Carpenter
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, 1084 University at Albany , Rensselaer, NY, USA
- A World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Environmental Health, 1084 Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany , Rensselaer, NY, USA
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Ustaoğlu F, Yüksel B, Tepe Y, Aydın H, Topaldemir H. Metal pollution assessment in the surface sediments of a river system in Türkiye: Integrating toxicological risk assessment and source identification. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116514. [PMID: 38788275 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the surface sediments of the Abdal River system, a critical water source for Samsun province, Türkiye, due to the presence of the Çakmak Dam. PTE concentrations, measured in mg/kg, show significant variability: Hg (0.03) < Cd (0.26) < As (10.98) < Pb (13.88) < Cu (48.61) < Ni (62.45) < Zn (70.97) < Cr (96.28) < Mn (1015) < Fe (38357). Seasonal variations were observed, in particular increased concentrations of As, Cd and Pb in summer (p < 0.05). Contamination and ecological risk indices (mHQ, EF, Igeo, CF, PLI, Eri, mCd, NPI, PERI, MPI, and TRI) indicate moderate to low levels of contamination, suggesting potential ecological effects. Health risk assessments suggest minimal risks to human health from sediment PTEs. Statistical analyses (PCC, PCA and HCA) improve the understanding of the sediment environment and contamination sources, while the coefficient of variation assists in source identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikret Ustaoğlu
- Giresun University, Department of Biology, Gure Campus, 28200 Giresun, Türkiye.
| | - Bayram Yüksel
- Giresun University, Department of Property Protection and Security, Espiye, 28600 Giresun, Türkiye.
| | - Yalçın Tepe
- Giresun University, Department of Biology, Gure Campus, 28200 Giresun, Türkiye.
| | - Handan Aydın
- Giresun University, Department of Property Protection and Security, Espiye, 28600 Giresun, Türkiye
| | - Halim Topaldemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Ordu University, Ordu, Türkiye
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Isinkaralar O, Świsłowski P, Isinkaralar K, Rajfur M. Moss as a passive biomonitoring tool for the atmospheric deposition and spatial distribution pattern of toxic metals in an industrial city. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:513. [PMID: 38709416 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollution impacts human and environmental health, climate change, and air quality. Karabük, an industrial area from the Black Sea Region in northern Türkiye, is vulnerable to environmental pollution, particularly soil and air. In this research on methodological aspects, we analyzed the concentrations of six potential toxic metals in the atmospheric deposition of the city using the passive method of moss biomonitoring. The ground-growing terrestrial moss, Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw., was collected during the dry season of August 2023 at 20 urban points. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Co were determined in mosses by the ICP-MS method. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed to evaluate the status and variance in the spatial distribution of the studied metals, and multivariate analysis, Pearson correlation, and cluster analysis were used to investigate the associations of elements and discuss the most probable sources of these elements in the study area. Cd and Co showed positive and significant inter-element correlations (r > 0.938), representing an anthropogenic association mostly present in the air particles emitted from several metal plants. The results showed substantial impacts from local industry, manufactured activity, and soil dust emissions. Steel and iron smelter plants and cement factories are the biggest emitters of trace metals in the Karabük area and the primary sources of Cr, Cd, Ni, and Co deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oznur Isinkaralar
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Türkiye.
| | - Paweł Świsłowski
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka St. 6, 6a, 45-032, Opole, Poland
| | - Kaan Isinkaralar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Türkiye
| | - Małgorzata Rajfur
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka St. 6, 6a, 45-032, Opole, Poland
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Maryam H, Abbasi GH, Waseem M, Ahmed T, Rizwan M. Preparation and characterization of green silicon nanoparticles and their effects on growth and lead (Pb) accumulation in maize (Zea mays L.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123691. [PMID: 38431245 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The excessive accumulation of heavy metals, particularly lead (Pb) in agricultural soils, is a growing problem worldwide and needs urgent attention. This study aimed to prepare green silicon (Si) NPs using extract of Chenopodium quinoa leaves and evaluated their effects on Pb uptake and growth of maize (Zea mays L.). The results indicated that Pb exposure negatively affected the growth and chlorophyll contents of maize varieties, while SiNPs positively affected these attributes. Pb alone increased the electrolyte-leakage (EL), hydrogen-peroxide (H2O2) and selected antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves, whereas SiNPs decreased EL and H2O2 concentrations and further enhanced the enzyme activities as compared to their respective treatments without SiNPs. Pb-only treatments led to an increase in Pb concentrations and total Pb uptake in both shoots and roots. In contrast, SiNPs resulted in reduced Pb concentrations, with a concurrent decrease in total Pb uptake in shoots compared to the control treatment. The findings demonstrated that foliar application of SiNPs can mitigate the toxic effects of Pb in maize plants by triggering the antioxidant enzyme system and reducing the oxidative stress. Taken together, SiNPs have the potential to enhance maize production in Pb-contaminated soils. However, future research and application efforts should prioritize key aspects such as optimizing NPs synthesis, understanding positive mechanisms of green-synthesized NPs, and conducting multiple crop tests and real-world field trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeba Maryam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hassan Abbasi
- Institute of Agro-Industry & Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311231, China; MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Papadimou SG, Golia EE. Green and sustainable practices for an energy plant cultivation on naturally contaminated versus spiked soils. The impact of ageing soil pollution in the circular economy framework. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118130. [PMID: 38191042 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Silybum marianum L. Gaertn. or milk thistle is an energy-produced weed that has been shown to be tolerant of heavy metal-contaminated soils. In the present study, its cultivation was studied in soils laboratory-spiked (artificial) with Cu and Zn solutions. Meanwhile, plant growing on naturally contaminated soils of Mediterranean regions, both urban and rural, was investigated. The metal concentrations spiked in artificial polluted soils were estimated to be roughly equivalent to those in naturally contaminated soils. Plants grown in artificially contaminated soils incorporated the metal added to the soils more rapidly and in higher proportions. The contamination of soil samples was carried out using different chemical reagents, salts containing the metals with oxidation number II, highlighting the fact that the reagent containing the metal is crucial regarding artificial soil pollution. Statistically significant differences were observed between the individual pollution patterns, as far as plant metals uptake concern. It was also found that the aged, contaminated soils transfer lower levels of metals to the plants. Therefore, aging or weathering of contamination alters toxicity levels in the soil environment by determining transport and uptake into the soil-to-plant system. Eventually, from the present research, it emerged the fact that in urban soils that have aged perennial pollution, the uptake of metals by plants is probably lower than in rural ones. Furthermore, with proper management, it is possible to grow plants, with low nutrient requirements, in urban soils by adopting smart, green and eco-friendly techniques, enhancing sustainable cultivation in the framework of circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiria G Papadimou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece; University of Thessaly, Department of Agriculture, Rural Environment and Crop Production, Fytokou Street, Volos, 384 46, Magnesia, Greece.
| | - Evangelia E Golia
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Sulemana A, Koduah M, Owiredu S, Tengan CL, Agyare EA, Boateng KS, Nsafoah EK, Beogkina JB. Spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements in e-waste contaminated site at Akwatia-Line, Kumasi, Ghana. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23381. [PMID: 38148806 PMCID: PMC10750149 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
E-waste processing sites abound with potentially toxic elements (PTE) that negatively affect the environment and human health. The study determined the presence of selected PTE (Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, and Al) and their spatial distribution in an e-waste processing site in a developing country setting. pH, moisture, organic matter/carbon, and particle size were determined in 30 soil samples. The spatial position of each sampling point was picked with a GPS device, and the area was mapped in a GIS environment. The concentrations of PTE were determined with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Findings from the study indicate that the soil is polluted with PTE, rich in organic carbon/matter but has low pH. The Geoaccumulation Indices ranged from unpolluted (Al) to strongly/extremely polluted (Cu). Pollution Load Index showed about 77 % of the samples as extremely/heavily polluted, 10 % as heavily polluted, and 13 % as moderately polluted. Contamination Factors of Zn, Pb, and Cu were very high but considerably low for Hg and Al. Regular monitoring and remediation are required for the soil to be restored and put into productive use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhassan Sulemana
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Matilda Koduah
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Stephen Owiredu
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Charles L. Tengan
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer A. Agyare
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kofi S. Boateng
- Department of Public Health Education, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Mampong, Ghana
| | - Emma K. Nsafoah
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Akrokerri College of Education, Akrokerri, Ghana
| | - Jonas B. Beogkina
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Yu J, Zhou C, Yang K, Sun Q, Zhang Q, Yang Z, Chen Y. Accumulation Pattern and Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Permafrost-Affected Agricultural Soils in Northeast China. TOXICS 2023; 11:632. [PMID: 37505598 PMCID: PMC10386694 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in agricultural soils is of particular concern in China, while its status, ecological risks, and human health hazards have been little studied in the permafrost areas of Northeast China. In this study, 75 agricultural soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected from the Arctic Village, Mo'he City, in the northernmost part of China. The average concentration (mean ± standard deviation) of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 12.11 ± 3.66 mg/kg, 0.11 ± 0.08 mg/kg, 52.50 ± 8.83 mg/kg, 12.08 ± 5.12 mg/kg, 0.05 ± 0.02 mg/kg, 14.90 ± 5.35 mg/kg, 22.38 ± 3.04 mg/kg, and 68.07 ± 22.71 mg/kg, respectively. Correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis indicated that As, Cu, Ni, and Zn likely originated from geogenic processes, Hg and Pb from long-range atmospheric transport, Cd from planting activities, and Cr from Holocene alluvium. The geo-accumulation index and enrichment factor showed that As, Cd, Hg, and Zn are enriched in soils. The Nemerow pollution index showed that 66.67%, 24%, and 1.33% of soil samples were in slight, moderate, and heavy pollution levels, respectively, with Hg being the most important element affecting the comprehensive pollution index. The potential ecological risk index showed that 48.00% and 1.33% of soil samples were in the moderate ecological risk and high potential ecological risk levels, respectively. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic human health risk index for adults and children were both less than 1, which was within the acceptable range. This study revealed the accumulation pattern of PTEs in agricultural soils of permafrost regions and provided a scientific basis for research on ecological security and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Yu
- Harbin Center of Natural Resources Integrated Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Chuanfang Zhou
- Harbin Center of Natural Resources Integrated Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Harbin Center of Natural Resources Integrated Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin 150086, China
- Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Qifa Sun
- Harbin Center of Natural Resources Integrated Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin 150086, China
- Shenyang Center of Geological Survey, CGS, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Qipeng Zhang
- Harbin Center of Natural Resources Integrated Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- Harbin Center of Natural Resources Integrated Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Harbin Center of Natural Resources Integrated Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin 150086, China
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