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Hadlington TJ. Heavier group 14-transition metal π-complex congeners. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:9718-9737. [PMID: 39189619 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00497c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Since the dawn of organometallic chemistry, transition metal complexes of unsaturated organic molecules, namely π-complexes, have remained a central focus: our thorough understanding of the electronic nature of such species, and their importance in countless reactive processes continues to drive research in their synthesis and utilisation. Since the late 1900s, research regarding the related chemistry for the heavier group 14 elements has become increasingly more fervent. Today, heavier congeners of a vast array of classical π-complexes have been realised, from alkene to arene systems, involving Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb. This has given deeper insights into the bonding observed for these heavier elements, which typically involves a lessened degree of π-bonding and an increased polarisation. This review aims to summarise this field, identifying these disparities, and highlighting areas which we believe may be exciting for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrance J Hadlington
- Fakultät für Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
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2
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Cabeza JA, García-Álvarez P. Polydentate Amidinato-Silylenes, -Germylenes and -Stannylenes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400786. [PMID: 38606572 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This review article focuses on amidinatotetrylenes that potentially can (or have already shown to) behave as bi- or tridentate ligands because they contain at least one amidinatotetrylene moiety (silylene, germylene or stannylene) and one (or more) additional coordinable fragment(s). Currently, they are being widely used as ligands in coordination chemistry, small molecule activation and catalysis. This review classifies those that have been isolated as transition metal-free compounds into five families that differ in the position(s) of the donor group(s) (D) on the amidinatotetrylene moiety, namely: ED{R1NC(R2)NR1}, EX{DNC(R2)NR1}, EX{R1NC(D)NR1}, EX{DNC(R2)ND} and E{R1NC(R2)ND}2 (E=Si, Ge or Sn). Those that do not exist as transition metal-free compounds but have been observed as ligands in transition metal complexes are cyclometallated and ring-opened amidinatotetrylene ligands. This article presents schematic descriptions of their structures, the approaches used for their syntheses and a quick overview of their involvement (as ligands) in transition metal-catalysed reactions. The literature is covered up to the end of 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Cabeza
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
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3
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He M, Hu C, Wei R, Wang XF, Liu LL. Recent advances in the chemistry of isolable carbene analogues with group 13-15 elements. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3896-3951. [PMID: 38436383 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00784g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Carbenes (R2C:), compounds with a divalent carbon atom containing only six valence shell electrons, have evolved into a broader class with the replacement of the carbene carbon or the RC moiety with main group elements, leading to the creation of main group carbene analogues. These analogues, mirroring the electronic structure of carbenes (a lone pair of electrons and an empty orbital), demonstrate unique reactivity. Over the last three decades, this area has seen substantial advancements, paralleling the innovations in carbene chemistry. Recent studies have revealed a spectrum of unique carbene analogues, such as monocoordinate aluminylenes, nitrenes, and bismuthinidenes, notable for their extraordinary properties and diverse reactivity, offering promising applications in small molecule activation. This review delves into the isolable main group carbene analogues that are in the forefront from 2010 and beyond, spanning elements from group 13 (B, Al, Ga, In, and Tl), group 14 (Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) and group 15 (N, P, As, Sb, and Bi). Specifically, this review focuses on the potential amphiphilic species that possess both lone pairs of electrons and vacant orbitals. We detail their comprehensive synthesis and stabilization strategies, outlining the reactivity arising from their distinct structural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian He
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Chaopeng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xin-Feng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Theulier CA, Bajo S, López-Serrano J, Campos J. Tuning the Inorganic Core of a reduced Ni 2Ge 2 Cluster. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400049. [PMID: 38349770 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Tetranuclear cores (M-E)2 of transition metals (M) and tetrylenes (EII=Si, Ge, Sn) are key motifs in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. They exhibit a continuum of M-M and E-E bonding within the inorganic core that leads to a variety of structures for which there are no specific synthetic methods. Herein, we report a series of highly reduced [Ni0GeII]2 squares solely stabilized by bulky terphenyl (C6H3-2,6-Ar2) ligands, for which we provide complementary and high-yielding syntheses. Reactivity studies with common Lewis bases (carbene and CO) evince that the structure of the (M-E)2 core can be transformed. We have investigated this core modification by computational means, offering a rationale to better understand the continuum of bonding across these clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril A Theulier
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sonia Bajo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
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Alonso C, Cabeza JA, García-Álvarez P, García-Soriano R, Pérez-Carreño E. Amidinatotetrylenes Donor Functionalized on Both N Atoms: Structures and Coordination Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3118-3128. [PMID: 38289155 PMCID: PMC10865366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
E(hmds)(bqfam) (E = Ge (1a), Sn (1b); hmds = N(SiMe3)2, bqfam = N,N'-bis(quinol-8-yl)formamidinate), which are amidinatotetrylenes equipped with quinol-8-yl fragments on the amidinate N atoms, have been synthesized from the formamidine Hbqfam and Ge(hmds)2 or SnCl(hmds). Both 1a and 1b are fluxional in solution at room temperature, as the E atom oscillates from being attached to the two amidinate N atoms to being chelated by an amidinate N atom and its closest quinolyl N atom (both situations are similarly stable according to density functional theory calculations). The hmds group of 1a and 1b is still reactive and the deprotonation of another equivalent of Hbqfam can be achieved, allowing the formation of the homoleptic derivatives E(bqfam)2 (E = Ge, Sn). The reactions of 1a and 1b with [AuCl(tht)] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene), [PdCl2(MeCN)2], [PtCl2(cod)] (cod = cycloocta-1,5-diene), [Ru3(CO)12] and [Co2(CO)8] have been investigated. The gold(I) complexes [AuCl{κE-E(hmds)(bqfam)}] (E = Ge, Sn) have a monodentate κE-tetrylene ligand and display fluxional behavior in solution the same as that of 1a and 1b. However, the palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes [MCl{κ3E,N,N'-ECl(hmds)(bqfam)}] (M = Pd, Pt; E = Ge, Sn) contain a κ3E,N,N'-chloridotetryl ligand that arises from the insertion of the tetrylene E atom into an M-Cl bond and the coordination of an amidinate N atom and its closest quinolyl N atom to the metal center. Finally, the binuclear ruthenium(0) and cobalt(0) complexes [Ru2{μE-κ3E,N,N'-E(hmds)(bqfam)}(CO)6] and [Co2{μE-κ3E,N,N'-E(hmds)(bqfam)}(μ-CO)(CO)4] (E = Ge, Sn) have a related κ3E,N,N'-tetrylene ligand that bridges two metal atoms through the E atom. For the κ3E,N,N'-metal complexes, the quinolyl fragment not attached to the metal is pendant in all the germanium compounds but, for the tin derivatives, is attached to (in the Pd and Pt complexes) or may interact with (in the Ru2 and Co2 complexes) the tin atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Alonso
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier A. Cabeza
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rubén García-Soriano
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique Pérez-Carreño
- Departamento
de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
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Cabeza JA, Reynes JF, García F, García-Álvarez P, García-Soriano R. Fast and scalable solvent-free access to Lappert's heavier tetrylenes E{N(SiMe 3) 2} 2 (E = Ge, Sn, Pb) and ECl{N(SiMe 3) 2} (E = Ge, Sn). Chem Sci 2023; 14:12477-12483. [PMID: 38020393 PMCID: PMC10646885 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02709k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Iconic Lappert's heavier tetrylenes E{N(SiMe3)2}2 (E = Ge (1), Sn (2), Pb (3)) have been efficiently prepared from GeCl2·(1,4-dioxane), SnCl2 or PbCl2 and Li{N(SiMe3)2} via a completely solvent-free one-pot mechanochemical route followed by sublimation. This fast, high-yielding and scalable approach (2 has been prepared in a 100 mmol scale), which involves a small environmental footprint, represents a remarkable improvement over any synthetic route reported over the last five decades, being a so far rare example of the use of mechanochemistry in the realm of main group chemistry. This solventless route has been successfully extended to the preparation of other heavier tetrylenes, such as ECl{N(SiMe3)2} (E = Ge (4), Sn (5)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Cabeza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica-IUQOEM, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Javier F Reynes
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica-IUQOEM, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Felipe García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica-IUQOEM, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica-IUQOEM, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Rubén García-Soriano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica-IUQOEM, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
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Cabeza JA, García F, García-Álvarez P, García-Soriano R, Pérez-Carreño E. Synthesis and Some Coordination Chemistry of Phosphane-Difunctionalized Bis(amidinato)-Heavier Tetrylenes: A Previously Unknown Class of PEP Tetrylenes (E = Ge and Sn). Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15502-15509. [PMID: 37696246 PMCID: PMC10523440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The bis(amidinato)-heavier tetrylenes E(bzamP)2 (E = Ge (2a) and Sn (2b); bzamP = N-isopropyl-N'-(diphenylphosphanylethyl)benzamidinate), which are equipped with one heavier tetrylene (germylene or stannylene) and two phosphane fragments (one on each amidinate moiety) as coordinable groups, have been synthesized from the benzamidinum salt [H2bzamP]Cl and GeCl2(dioxane) or SnCl2 in 2:1 mol ratio. A preliminary inspection of their coordination chemistry has shown that their amidinate group can also be involved in the bonding with the metal atoms as tridentate ENP and tetradentate PENP' coordination modes have been observed for the ECl(bzamP)2 ligand of [Ir{κ3E,N,P-ECl(bzamP)2}(cod)] (E = Ge (3a) and Sn (3b); cod = η4-1,5-cyclooctadiene) and the E(bzamP)2 ligand of [Ni{κ4E,N,P,P'-E(bzamP)2}] (E = Ge (4a) and Sn (4b)), which are products of reactions of 2a and 2b with [IrCl(cod)]2 (1:0.5 mol ratio) and [Ni(cod)2] (1:1 mol ratio), respectively. These products contain a 5-membered NCNEM ring that results from the insertion of the metal M atom into an E-N bond of 2a and 2b. Additionally, while iridium(I) complexes 3a and 3b are chloridotetryl derivatives (insertion of the tetrylene E atom into the Ir-Cl bond has also occurred) that have an uncoordinated phosphane group, nickel(0) complexes 4a and 4b contain a tetrylene fragment that, maintaining the lone pair, behaves as a σ-acceptor (Z-type) ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Cabeza
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Felipe García
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
- School
of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rubén García-Soriano
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique Pérez-Carreño
- Departamento
de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
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Cabeza JA, Fernández‐Colinas JM, García‐Álvarez J, García‐Álvarez P, Laglera‐Gándara CJ, Ramos‐Martín M. Dipyrromethane-Based PGeP Pincer Germyl Rhodium Complexes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200847. [PMID: 35612568 PMCID: PMC9545308 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A family of germyl rhodium complexes derived from the PGeP germylene 2,2'-bis(di-isopropylphosphanylmethyl)-5,5'-dimethyldipyrromethane-1,1'-diylgermanium(II), Ge(pyrmPi Pr2 )2 CMe2 (1), has been prepared. Germylene 1 reacted readily with [RhCl(PPh3 )3 ] and [RhCl(cod)(PPh3 )] (cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene) to give, in both cases, the PGeP-pincer chloridogermyl rhodium(I) derivative [Rh{κ3 P,Ge,P-GeCl(pyrmPi Pr2 )2 CMe2 }(PPh3 )] (2). Similarly, the reaction of 1 with [RhCl(cod)(MeCN)] afforded [Rh{κ3 P,Ge,P-GeCl(pyrmPi Pr2 )2 CMe2 }(MeCN)] (3). The methoxidogermyl and methylgermyl rhodium(I) complexes [Rh{κ3 P,Ge,P-GeR(pyrmPi Pr2 )2 CMe2 }(PPh3 )] (R=OMe, 4; Me, 5) were prepared by treating complex 2 with LiOMe and LiMe, respectively. Complex 5 readily reacted with CO to give the carbonyl rhodium(I) derivative [Rh{κ3 P,Ge,P-GeR(pyrmPi Pr2 )2 CMe2 }(CO)] (6), with HCl, HSnPh3 and Ph2 S2 rendering the pentacoordinate methylgermyl rhodium(III) complexes [RhHX{κ3 P,Ge,P-GeMe(pyrmPi Pr2 )2 CMe2 }] (X=Cl, 7; SnPh3 , 8) and [Rh(SPh)2 {κ3 P,Ge,P-GeMe(pyrmPi Pr2 )2 CMe2 }] (9), respectively, and with H2 to give the hexacoordinate derivative [RhH2 {κ3 P,Ge,P-GeMe(pyrmPi Pr2 )2 CMe2 }(PPh3 )] (10). Complexes 3 and 5 are catalyst precursors for the hydroboration of styrene, 4-vinyltoluene and 4-vinylfluorobenzene with catecholborane under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Cabeza
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo33071OviedoSpain
| | - José M. Fernández‐Colinas
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo33071OviedoSpain
| | - Joaquín García‐Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo33071OviedoSpain
| | - Pablo García‐Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo33071OviedoSpain
| | - Carlos J. Laglera‐Gándara
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo33071OviedoSpain
| | - Marina Ramos‐Martín
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo33071OviedoSpain
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Aman M, Dostál L, Růžičková Z, Turek J, Jambor R. Sn,P-Peri-Substituted Naphthalene as a Ligand for Transition Metals. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Aman
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Růžičková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Turek
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Arsenyeva KV, Klimashevskaya AV, Zherebtsov MA, Chegerev MG, Cherkasov AV, Yakushev IA, Piskunov AV. Redox-Active Germylene Based on 2,4,6,8-Tetra-tert-butylphenoxazin-1-one: Synthesis, Structure, and Chemical Properties. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328422070016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Widemann M, Jeggle S, Auer M, Eichele K, Schubert H, Sindlinger CP, Wesemann L. Hydridotetrylene [Ar*EH] (E = Ge, Sn, Pb) coordination at tantalum, tungsten, and zirconium. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3999-4009. [PMID: 35440987 PMCID: PMC8985505 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00297c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In a reaction of tantalocene trihydride with the low valent aryl tin cation [Ar*Sn(C6H6)][Al(OC{CF3}3)4] (1a) the hydridostannylene complex [Cp2TaH2–Sn(H)Ar*][Al(OC{CF3}3)4] (2) was synthesized. Hydride bridged adducts [Cp2WH2EAr*][Al(OC{CF3}3)4] (E = Sn 3a, Pb 3b) were isolated as products of the reaction between Cp2WH2 and cations [Ar*E(C6H6)][Al(OC{CF3}3)4] (E = Sn 1a, Pb 1b). The tin adduct 3a exhibits a proton migration to give the hydridostannylene complex [Cp2W(H)
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Sn(H)Ar*][Al(OC{CF3}3)4] 4a. The cationic complex 4a is deprotonated at the tin atom in reaction with base MeNHC at 80 °C to give a hydrido-tungstenostannylene [Cp2W(H)SnAr*] 5a. Reprotonation of metallostannylene 5a with acid [H(Et2O)2][BArF] provides an alternative route to hydridotetrylene coordination. Complex 4a adds hydride to give the dihydrostannyl complex [Cp2W(H)–SnH2Ar*] (7). With styrene 4a shows formation of a hydrostannylation product [Cp2W(H)Sn(CH2CH2Ph)Ar*][Al(OC{CF3}3)4] (8). The lead adduct 3b was deprotonated with MeNHC to give plumbylene 5b [Cp2W(H)PbAr*]. Protonation of 5b with [H(Et2O)2][Al(OC{CF3}3)4] at −40 °C followed by low temperature NMR spectroscopy indicates a hydridoplumbylene intermediate [Cp2W(H)Pb(H)Ar*]+ (4b). Hydrido-tungstenotetrylenes of elements Ge (5c), Sn (5a) and Pb (5b) were also synthesized reacting the salt [Cp2W(H)Li]4 with organotetrylene halides. The metallogermylene [Cp2W(H)GeAr*] (5c) shows an isomerization via 1,2-H-migration to give the hydridogermylene [Cp2WGe(H)Ar*] (9), which is accelerated by addition of AIBN. 9 is at rt photochemically transferred back to 5c under light of a mercury vapor lamp. Zirconocene dihydride [Cp2ZrH2]2 reacts with tin cation 1a to give the trinuclear hydridostannylene adduct 10 [({Cp2Zr}2{μ-H})(μ-H)2μ-Sn(H)Ar*][Al(OC{CF3}3)4]. Deprotonation of 10 was carried out using benzyl potassium to give neutral [({Cp2Zr}2{μ-H})(μ-H)μ-Sn(H)Ar*] (11). 11 was also obtained from the reaction of low valent tin hydride [Ar*SnH]2 with two equivalents of [Cp2ZrH2]2. The trihydride Ar*SnH3 reacts with half of an equivalent of [Cp2ZrH2]2 under evolution of hydrogen and formation of a dihydrostannyl complex 13 [Cp2Zr(μ-H)SnH2Ar*]2 and with further equivalents of Ar*SnH3 to give bis(hydridostannylene) complex [Cp2Zr{Sn(H)Ar*}2]. Low valent cations of tin and lead were used to form hydridotetrylene coordination compounds. The mobility of the hydrogen substituent was investigated in deprotonation equilibria as well as in 1,2-H-shift reactions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Widemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Sebastian Jeggle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Maximilian Auer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Klaus Eichele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Christian P Sindlinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1a D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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12
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Gour K, Bisai MK, Sen SS. Hypersilyl Substituent in Heavier Low‐valent Group 14 Chemistry. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Gour
- CSIR-NCL: National Chemical Laboratory CSIR Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis INDIA
| | - Milan Kumar Bisai
- CSIR-NCL: National Chemical Laboratory CSIR Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis INDIA
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- National Chemical Laboraotry Catalysis Division Dr. Homi Bhabha RoadPashan 411008 Pune INDIA
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13
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Keil PM, Hadlington TJ. Geometrically Constrained Cationic Low-Coordinate Tetrylenes: Highly Lewis Acidic σ-Donor Ligands in Catalytic Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114143. [PMID: 34818461 PMCID: PMC9302135 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A novel non-innocent ligand class, namely cationic single-centre ambiphiles, is reported in the phosphine-functionalised cationic tetrylene Ni0 complexes, [PhR DippENi(PPh3 )3 ]+ (4 a/b (Ge) and 5 (Sn); PhR Dipp={[Ph2 PCH2 SiR2 ](Dipp)N}- ; R=Ph, i Pr; Dipp=2,6-i Pr2 C6 H3 ). The inherent electronic nature of low-coordinate tetryliumylidenes, combined with the geometrically constrained [N-E-Ni] bending angle enforced by the chelating phosphine arm in these complexes, leads to strongly electrophilic EII centres which readily bind nucleophiles, reversibly in the case of NH3 . Further, the GeII centre in 4 a/b readily abstracts the fluoride ion from [SbF6 ]- to form the fluoro-germylene complex PhR DippGe(F)Ni(PPh3 )3 9, despite this GeII centre simultaneously being a σ-donating ligand towards Ni0 . Alongside the observed catalytic ability of 4 and 5 in the hydrosilylation of alkynes and alkenes, this forms an exciting introduction to a multi-talented ligand class in cationic single-centre ambiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Keil
- Fakultät für ChemieTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Terrance J. Hadlington
- Fakultät für ChemieTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
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14
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Keil PM, Hadlington TJ. Geometrically Constrained Cationic Low‐Coordinate Tetrylenes: Highly Lewis Acidic σ‐Donor Ligands in Catalytic Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Keil
- Fakultät für Chemie Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Terrance J. Hadlington
- Fakultät für Chemie Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
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15
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Bankiewicz B, Kupfer S, Matczak P. Tuning the metal-ligand bond in the σ-complexes of stannylenes and azabenzenes. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:2103-2115. [PMID: 34420225 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The metal-ligand bond in a set of 60 σ-complexes has been investigated by electronic structure computations. These σ-complexes originate from the unique combination of 12 stannylenes (SnX2 ) with five azabenzene ligands (pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, and s-triazine), where the nitrogen center of the ligand acts as σ-donor and the tin(II) center as σ-acceptor in a 1:1 fashion. The Sn ← N bond and the total interaction between the stannylene and azabenzene moieties of the σ-complexes are characterized in depth to relate the Sn ← N strength to the substitution pattern at SnX2 and to the number and the positioning of N atoms in the azabenzenes. Such X substituents as (iso)cyano and trifluoromethyl groups enhance the interaction strength, while the presence of alkyl, phenyl, and silyl substituents in SnX2 diminishes the stability of σ-complexes. A gradual weakening of the total interaction is associated with the growing number of N atoms in the azabenzenes, while the N-atom positioning in pyridazine is particularly effective in strengthening the interaction with stannylenes. Variations in the Sn ← N bond strength usually follow those in the total interaction between the moieties but the interacting quantum atoms picture of Sn ← N reveals certain intriguing exceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Piotr Matczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Lodz, Poland
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16
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Buil ML, Cabeza JA, Esteruelas MA, Izquierdo S, Laglera-Gándara CJ, Nicasio AI, Oñate E. Alternative Conceptual Approach to the Design of Bifunctional Catalysts: An Osmium Germylene System for the Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16860-16870. [PMID: 34657436 PMCID: PMC8564761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The reaction of the hexahydride OsH6(PiPr3)2 with a P,Ge,P-germylene-diphosphine
affords
an osmium tetrahydride derivative bearing a Ge,P-chelate, which arises
from the hydrogenolysis of a P–C(sp3) bond. This
Os(IV)–Ge(II) compound is a pioneering example of a bifunctional
catalyst based on the coordination of a σ-donor acid, which
is active in the dehydrogenation of formic acid to H2 and CO2. The kinetics
of the dehydrogenation, the characterization of the resting state
of the catalysis, and DFT calculations point out that the hydrogen
formation (the fast stage) exclusively occurs on the coordination
sphere of the basic metal center, whereas both the metal center and
the σ-donor Lewis acid cooperatively participate in the CO2 release (the rate-determining step). During the process,
the formate group pivots around the germanium to approach its hydrogen
atom to the osmium center, which allows its transfer to the metal
and the CO2 release. An alternative
class of bifunctional catalysts can be assembled
by coordination of σ-donor Lewis acids to platinum-group-metal
basic fragments. In contrast to what happens with the previously reported
bifunctional catalysts, this design allows enhancing the basicity
of the base and the acidity of the acid. According to this, a bifunctional
catalyst for the dehydrogenation of formic acid, based on an osmium(IV)-germylene
cooperative system, has been prepared and the mechanism of the catalysis
established.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Buil
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier A Cabeza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miguel A Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Susana Izquierdo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos J Laglera-Gándara
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antonio I Nicasio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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17
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Somerville RJ, Campos J. Cooperativity in Transition Metal Tetrylene Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021; 2021:3488-3498. [PMID: 34690540 PMCID: PMC8518731 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cooperative reactivity between transition metals and ligands, or between two metals, has created significant opportunities for the development of new transformations that would be difficult to carry out with a single metal. Here we explore cooperativity between transition metals and divalent heavier group 14 elements (tetrylenes), a less-explored facet of the field of cooperativity. Tetrylenes combine their strong σ-donor properties with an empty p-orbital that can accept electron density. This ambiphilicity has allowed them to form metal tetrylene and metallotetrylene complexes that place a reactive site adjacent to the metal. We have selected examples to demonstrate what has been achieved so far regarding cooperative reactivity, as this already spans metal-, tetrylene- or multi-site-centred bond cleavage, cycloaddition, migration, metathesis, and insertion. We also highlight some challenges that need to be overcome for this cooperativity to make it to catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie J. Somerville
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) andUniversity of SevillaAvenida Américo Vespucio 4941092SevillaSpain
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) andUniversity of SevillaAvenida Américo Vespucio 4941092SevillaSpain
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18
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The reactivity of N-heterocyclic germylenes and stannylenes based on 9,10-phenanthrendiimines towards metal carbonyls and sulfur. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Zabalov MV, Syroeshkin MA, Mankaev BN, Timofeev SV, Egorov MP, Karlov SS. Search for tetrylene structures that can exhibit catalytic activity: a quantum chemical approach. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Cabeza JA, García‐Álvarez P. Cyclometallation of Heavier Tetrylenes: Reported Complexes and Applications in Catalysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Cabeza
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA network) Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Pablo García‐Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA network) Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
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21
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Chibde P, Raut RK, Kumar V, Deb R, Gonnade R, Majumdar M. Intramolecularly Double-Donor-Stabilized Stannylene and Its Coordination towards Ag(I) and Au(I) Centers. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2118-2125. [PMID: 34137196 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecularly double-donor-stabilized stannylene 1 has been synthesized from the salt-metathesis reaction between two equivalents of lithium pyridine ene-amide L1 and SnCl2 . Compound 1 exhibits dipolar behavior when reacted with B(C6 F5 )3 leading to the zwitterionic compound 2. The reaction of 1 with one equivalent and 0.5 equivalent of AgOTf (OTf=trifluoromethane sulfonate) result in the formation of a stannylene-AgOTf complex 3 and a homoleptic distannylene-silver ionic complex 4, respectively. Analogous to complex 4, the gold(I) complex 5 has been synthesized from the reaction between two equivalents of 1 and 0.5 equivalent of AuCl.SMe2 /Me3 SiOTf. Complex 5 is the first example of homoleptic stannylene-Au(I) ionic complex among the very scarce reports on stannylene-gold(I) coordination complexes. All compounds have been structurally characterized using single crystal X-ray crystallography. Solution-state characterization have been performed using multinuclear NMR techniques. Detailed DFT calculations on the optimized geometries 1 o, 3 o-5 o reveal the change in sp- hybridization on the pyramidal Sn(II) center upon metal coordination and their bonding overlaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Chibde
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravindra K Raut
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Deb
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh Gonnade
- Centre for Material Characterization, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
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22
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Arsenyeva KV, Chegerev MG, Cherkasov AV, Pashanova KI, Ershova IV, Trofimova OY, Piskunov AV. Facile synthesis of digermylene oxide and its reactivity towards vanadocene: the first example of Cp2V–germylene coordination. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Arsenyeva KV, Chegerev MG, Cherkasov AV, Pashanova KI, Ershova IV, Trofimova OY, Piskunov AV. Facile synthesis of digermylene oxide and its reactivity towards vanadocene: the first example of Cp2V–germylene coordination. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Müller C, Warken J, Huch V, Morgenstern B, Bischoff I, Zimmer M, Schäfer A. Diphosphanylmetallocenes of Main-Group Elements. Chemistry 2021; 27:6500-6510. [PMID: 33411379 PMCID: PMC8252418 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several 1,1'-diphosphanyl-substituted metallocenes of magnesium (magnesocenes) were synthesized, structurally characterized, and their reactivity and coordination chemistry were investigated. Transmetalation of these magnesocenes gives access to group 14 metallocenes (tetrelocenes), as well as to group 15 stibonocenes. These s- and p-block metallocenes represent a novel class of bis(phosphanyl) ligands, exhibiting Lewis-amphiphilic character. Their coordination chemistry towards different transition-metal and main-group fragments was investigated and different complexes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Müller
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus Saarbrücken66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Joshua Warken
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus Saarbrücken66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Volker Huch
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus Saarbrücken66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus Saarbrücken66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Inga‐Alexandra Bischoff
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus Saarbrücken66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus Saarbrücken66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - André Schäfer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus Saarbrücken66123SaarbrückenGermany
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25
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Keil PM, Szilvási T, Hadlington TJ. Reversible metathesis of ammonia in an acyclic germylene-Ni 0 complex. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5582-5590. [PMID: 34168794 PMCID: PMC8179610 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00450f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbenes, a class of low-valent group 14 ligand, have shifted the paradigm in our understanding of the effects of supporting ligands in transition-metal reactivity and catalysis. We now seek to move towards utilizing the heavier group 14 elements in effective ligand systems, which can potentially surpass carbon in their ability to operate via 'non-innocent' bond activation processes. Herein we describe our initial results towards the development of scalable acyclic chelating germylene ligands (viz. 1a/b), and their utilization in the stabilization of Ni0 complexes (viz. 4a/b), which can readily and reversibly undergo metathesis with ammonia with no net change of oxidation state at the GeII and Ni0 centres, through ammonia bonding at the germylene ligand as opposed to the Ni0 centre. The DFT-derived metathesis mechanism, which surprisingly demonstrates the need for three molecules of ammonia to achieve N-H bond activation, supports reversible ammonia binding at GeII, as well as the observed reversibility in the overall reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Keil
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA
| | - Terrance J Hadlington
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
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26
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Ouellette ET, Carpentier A, Joseph Brackbill I, Lohrey TD, Douair I, Maron L, Bergman RG, Arnold J. σ or π? Bonding interactions in a series of rhenium metallotetrylenes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2083-2092. [PMID: 33481968 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Salt metathesis reactions between a low-valent rhenium(i) complex, Na[Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)] (BDI = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-β-diketiminate), and a series of amidinate-supported tetrylenes of the form ECl[PhC(NtBu)2] (E = Si, Ge, Sn) led to rhenium metallotetrylenes Re(E[PhC(NtBu)2])(η5-Cp)(BDI) (E = Si (1a), Ge (2), Sn (4)) with varying extents of Re-E multiple bonding. Whereas the rhenium-stannylene 4 adopts a σ-metallotetrylene arrangement featuring a Re-E single bond, the rhenium-silylene (1a) and -germylene (2) both engage in π-interactions to form short Re-E multiple bonds. Temperature was found to play a crucial role in reactions between Na[Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)] and SiCl[PhC(NtBu)2], as manipulation of reaction conditions led to isolation of an unusual rhenium-silane, (BDI)Re(μ-η5:η1-C5H4)(SiH[PhC(NtBu)2]) (1b) and a dinitrogen bridged rhenium-silylene, (η5-Cp)(BDI)Re(μ-N2)Si[PhC(NtBu)2] (1c), in addition to 1a. Finally, the reaction of Na[Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)] with GeCl2·dioxane led to a rare μ2-tetrelido complex, μ2-Ge[Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)]2 (3). Bonding interactions within these complexes are discussed through the lens of various spectroscopic, structural, and computational investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik T Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
| | - Ambre Carpentier
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INAS Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - I Joseph Brackbill
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
| | - Trevor D Lohrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
| | - Iskander Douair
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INAS Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INAS Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Robert G Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Lentz N, Cuevas-Chavez C, Mallet-Ladeira S, Sotiropoulos JM, Baceiredo A, Kato T, Madec D. Germylene-β-sulfoxide Hemilabile Ligand in Coordination Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:423-430. [PMID: 33347753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe herein the synthesis of a germylene-β-sulfoxide ligand, 1, and its abilities in coordination chemistry. Treatment of 1 with metal complexes [W(cod)(CO)4], [Mo(nbd)(CO)4] and [Ni(cod)2] afforded the corresponding (1)-chelated metal complexes (1)-W(CO)4 (2a), (1)-Mo(CO)4 (2b), and (1)-Ni(cod) (4a), clearly showing a bidentate ligation of the metal by the germanium(II) and sulfur centers. Coordination with [Ru(PPh3)3Cl2] afforded an unprecedented bridged bis(ruthenium) complex 3b. In the case of 4a, the hemilability of the bidentate ligand 1 was demonstrated by sulfoxide substitution by a CO ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lentz
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5069, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Cynthia Cuevas-Chavez
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5069, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Sonia Mallet-Ladeira
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (FR2599), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Marc Sotiropoulos
- IPREM, UMR 5254, UPPA/CNRS-ECP Technopole Helioparc-2, av. Pdt P. Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5069, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5069, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - David Madec
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5069, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
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28
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New N-heterocyclic plumbylenes (NHPbs) and their complexes with palladium and platinum by DFT. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Cabeza JA, García-Álvarez P, Laglera-Gándara CJ, Pérez-Carreño E. Phosphane-functionalized heavier tetrylenes: synthesis of silylene- and germylene-decorated phosphanes and their reactions with Group 10 metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8331-8339. [PMID: 32515774 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01727b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The stable phosphane-functionalized heavier tetrylenes E(tBu2bzam)pyrmPtBu2 (E = Si (1Si), Ge (1Ge); tBu2bzam = N,N'-ditertbutylbenzamidinate; HpyrmPtBu2 = ditertbutyl(2-pyrrolylmethyl)phosphane) have been prepared by reacting the amidinatotetrylenes E(tBu2bzam)Cl (E = Si, Ge) with LipyrmPtBu2. The reactions of 1Si and 1Ge with selected M0 and MII (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) metal precursors have allowed the synthesis of square-planar [MCl2{κ2E,P-E(tBu2bzam)pyrmPtBu2}] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt; E = Si, Ge), tetrahedral [Ni{κ2E,P-E(tBu2bzam)pyrmPtBu2}(cod)] (E = Si, Ge; cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and triangular [M{κ2E,P-E(tBu2bzam)pyrmPtBu2}(PPh3)] (M = Pd, Pt; E = Si, Ge) complexes, showing that 1Si and 1Ge are excellent Si,P- and Ge,P-chelating ligands that, due to their large steric bulk, are able to stabilize three-coordinate Pd0 and Pt0 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Cabeza
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) and Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain.
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30
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Cabeza JA, Fernández-Colinas JM, García-Álvarez P, González-Álvarez L, Pérez-Carreño E. Reactivity of Amidinatosilylenes and Amidinatogermylenes with [PtMe 2(η 4-cod)]: cis- versus trans-[PtMe 2L 2] Complexes and Cyclometalation Reactions. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Cabeza
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA network), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José M. Fernández-Colinas
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA network), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA network), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura González-Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA network), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique Pérez-Carreño
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
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31
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Cabeza JA, García-Álvarez P, Laglera-Gándara CJ. The Transition Metal Chemistry of PGeP and PSnP Pincer Heavier Tetrylenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Cabeza
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA network); Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA network); Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Carlos J. Laglera-Gándara
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA network); Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; 33071 Oviedo Spain
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32
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Smith PW, Handford RC, Tilley TD. Heavy Tetrel Complexes of Ru Featuring Ru═E(R)X and Ru–E–R (E = Sn, Pb) Linkages. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Rex C. Handford
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
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33
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Piskunov AV, Tsys KV, Chegerev MG, Cherkasov AV. Tin(II) Complexes Based on N-Alkyl-Substituted o-Amidophenolate Ligands: Acid–Base and Redox Transformations. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328419090069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Cabeza JA, Fernández I, Fernández‐Colinas JM, García‐Álvarez P, Laglera‐Gándara CJ. A Germylene Supported by Two 2‐Pyrrolylphosphane Groups as Precursor to PGeP Pincer Square‐Planar Group 10 Metal(II) and T‐Shaped Gold(I) Complexes. Chemistry 2019; 25:12423-12430. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Cabeza
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química Orgánica IFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - José M. Fernández‐Colinas
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Pablo García‐Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Carlos J. Laglera‐Gándara
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
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35
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Sodreau A, Lentz N, Frutos M, Mallet-Ladeira S, Nayral C, Delpech F, Madec D. Symmetric and non-symmetric bis-metallylene iron complexes, precursors of iron germanide nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9539-9542. [PMID: 31334515 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the synthesis of symmetric and non-symmetric bis-amidinato-germylene Fe(CO)3 complexes, as well as the preparation of the corresponding disymmetric germylene-stannylene and germylene-silylene complexes by selective displacement of a carbonyl ligand under UV-a light irradiation. The symmetric bis-germylene Fe(CO)3 complex has been applied in the synthesis of iron germanide nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Sodreau
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
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36
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Tetrylenes based on tri- and tetradentate ONO-, NNO-, NNN-, and ONNO-type ligands: synthesis, structure, and reactivity. Russ Chem Bull 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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37
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Cabeza JA, García‐Álvarez P, Gómez‐Gallego M, González‐Álvarez L, Merinero AD, Sierra MA. Two Types of σ‐Allenyl Complexes from Reactions of Silylenes and Germylenes with Chromium Fischer Alkynyl(alkoxy)carbenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:8635-8642. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Cabeza
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Pablo García‐Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Mar Gómez‐Gallego
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Laura González‐Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Alba D. Merinero
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain
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38
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Sinhababu S, Sharma MK, Mahawar P, Kaur S, Singh VK, Paliwal A, Yadav D, Kashyap HK, Nagendran S. Germylene stabilized group 12 metal complexes and their reactivity with chalcogens. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:16366-16376. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04589e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript reports the first examples of germylene stabilized cadmium complexes 3, 6, and 7, and novel germylene zinc complexes 2 and 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Sinhababu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110 016
- India
| | | | - Pritam Mahawar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110 016
- India
| | - Supreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110 016
- India
| | - Vivek Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110 016
- India
| | - Akhil Paliwal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110 016
- India
| | - Dhirendra Yadav
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110 016
- India
| | - Hemant K. Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110 016
- India
| | - Selvarajan Nagendran
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110 016
- India
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39
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Cabeza JA, Fernández-Colinas JM, García-Álvarez P, González-Álvarez L, Pérez-Carreño E. Mesityl(amidinato)tetrylenes as ligands in iridium(i) and iridium(iii) complexes: silicon versus germanium and simple κ1-coordination versus cyclometallation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:10996-11003. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01853k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the germylene Ge(tBu2bzam)Mes with [Ir2(μ-Cl)2(η4-cod)2] and [Ir2Cl2(μ-Cl)2(η5-Cp*)2] differs considerably from that previously communicated for the isostructural silylene Si(tBu2bzam)Mes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Cabeza
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica
- Universidad de Oviedo
- 33071 Oviedo
- Spain
| | - José M. Fernández-Colinas
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica
- Universidad de Oviedo
- 33071 Oviedo
- Spain
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica
- Universidad de Oviedo
- 33071 Oviedo
- Spain
| | - Laura González-Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica
- Universidad de Oviedo
- 33071 Oviedo
- Spain
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40
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Álvarez-Rodríguez L, Cabeza JA, García-Álvarez P, Gómez-Gallego M, González-Álvarez L, Merinero AD, Sierra MA. Reversible Carbene Insertion into a Ge−N Bond and Insights into CO and Carbene Substitution Reactions Involving Amidinatogermylenes and Fischer Carbene Complexes. Chemistry 2018; 25:1588-1594. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Javier A. Cabeza
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Mar Gómez-Gallego
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidad Complutense; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Laura González-Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Alba D. Merinero
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidad Complutense; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidad Complutense; 28040 Madrid Spain
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41
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Lentz N, Mallet-Ladeira S, Baceiredo A, Kato T, Madec D. Germylene-sulfoxide as a potential hemilabile ligand: application in coordination chemistry. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:15751-15756. [PMID: 30346463 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03669a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe here the synthesis of heteroleptic organogermylenes containing a sulfoxide donor function for their application in coordination chemistry. While complexation reaction with [W(cod)(CO)4] and [Mo(nbd)(CO)4] afforded bis(germanium)(ii) transition-metal complexes, a bidentate complex coordinated by germanium(ii) and the oxygen atom of the sulfinyl group was obtained from [Ru(PPh3)3Cl2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lentz
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, LHFA (Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée), UMR/CNRS 5069, 118, Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France.
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42
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Oetzel J, Bruhn C, Siemeling U. On the Way to N-Heterocyclic Silylenes with a 1,1′-Ferrocenediyl Backbone: Synthesis and Structures of Silicon(IV) Compounds of the Type [Fe{(η5-C5H4)NR}2SiX2]. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Oetzel
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Kassel; Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Kassel; Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Kassel; Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40 34132 Kassel Germany
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43
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Seow C, Ismail MLB, Xi HW, Li Y, Lim KH, So CW. A Bis(germyliumylidene)silver(I) Complex Dication. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celestine Seow
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Muhammad Luthfi Bin Ismail
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Hong-Wei Xi
- Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Drive, Singapore 138683
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Kok Hwa Lim
- Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Drive, Singapore 138683
| | - Cheuk-Wai So
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
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44
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Brugos J, Cabeza JA, García-Álvarez P, Pérez-Carreño E. From a PGeP Pincer-Type Germylene to Metal Complexes Featuring Chelating (Ir) and Tripodal (Ir) PGeP Germyl and Bridging (Mn2) and Chelating (Ru) PGeP Germylene Ligands. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Brugos
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier A. Cabeza
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique Pérez-Carreño
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
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45
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Walewska M, Baumgartner J, Marschner C, Albers L, Müller T. Spirocyclic germanes via transannular insertion reactions of vinyl germylenes into Si-Si bonds. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:5985-5996. [PMID: 29658036 PMCID: PMC5946683 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00315g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of cyclic disilylated germylene phosphane adducts with alkynes gives spirocyclic germanes via the intermediate formation of cyclic divinylgermylenes.
The reactions of two cyclic germylene phosphane adducts with monosubstituted acetylenes caused the formation of spirocyclic germanes, which is postulated to occur by double acetylene insertion into germylene attached bonds. Further insertion of the formed cyclic divinylgermylene into transannular Si–Si or Si–Ge bonds provides the spirocyclic germanes. Thermal treatment of two germacyclopropenes, formed by the reaction of the two cyclic germylene phosphane adducts with tolane, also produced spirocyclogermanes. The structures of the latter require, however, a more complicated mechanistic proposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Walewska
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Septelean R, Moraru IT, Kocsor TG, Deak N, Saffon-Merceron N, Castel A, Nemes G. Computational and experimental investigation of phosphaalkenyl germylenes from donor-acceptor perspective. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Brugos J, Cabeza JA, García-Álvarez P, Pérez-Carreño E, Polo D. Synthesis and some coordination chemistry of the PSnP pincer-type stannylene Sn(NCH 2P tBu 2) 2C 6H 4, attempts to prepare the PSiP analogue, and the effect of the E atom on the molecular structures of E(NCH 2P tBu 2) 2C 6H 4 (E = C, Si, Ge, Sn). Dalton Trans 2018; 47:4534-4544. [PMID: 29509192 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The non-donor-stabilized PSnP pincer-type stannylene Sn(NCH2PtBu2)2C6H4 (1) has been prepared by treating SnCl2 with Li2(NCH2PtBu2)2C6H4. All attempts to synthesize the analogous PSiP silylene by reduction of the (previously unknown) silanes SiCl2(NCH2PtBu2)2C6H4 (2), SiHCl(NCH2PtBu2)2C6H4 (3) and SiH(HMDS)(NCH2PtBu2)2C6H4 (4; HMDS = N(SiMe3)2) have been unsuccessful. The almost planar (excluding the tert-butyl groups) molecular structure of stannylene 1 (determined by X-ray crystallography) has been rationalized with the help of DFT calculations, which have shown that, in the series of diphosphanetetrylenes E(NCH2PtBu2)2C6H4 (E = C, Si, Ge, Sn), the most stable conformation of the compounds with E = Ge and Sn has both P atoms very close to the EN2C6H4 plane, near (interacting with) the E atom, whereas for the compounds with E = C and Si, both phosphane groups are located at one side of the EN2C6H4 plane and far away from the E atom. The size of the E atom and the strength of stabilizing donor-acceptor PE interactions (both increase on going down in group 14) are key factors in determining the molecular structures of these diphosphanetetrylenes. The syntheses of the chloridostannyl complexes [Rh{κ2Sn,P-SnCl(NCH2PtBu2)2C6H4}(η4-cod)] (5), [RuCl{κ2Sn,P-SnCl(NCH2PtBu2)2C6H4}(η6-cym)] (6) and [IrCl{κ2Sn,P-SnCl(NCH2PtBu2)2C6H4}(η5-C5Me5)] (7) have demonstrated the tendency of stannylene 1 to insert its Sn atom into M-Cl bonds of transition metal complexes and the preference of the resulting PSnP chloridostannyl group to act as a κ2Sn,P-chelating ligand, maintaining an uncoordinated phosphane fragment. X-ray diffraction data (of 6), 31P{1H} NMR data (of 5-7) and DFT calculations (on 6) are consistent with the existence of a weak PSn interaction involving the non-coordinated P atom of complexes 5-7, similar to that found in stannylene 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Brugos
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain.
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48
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Krebs KM, Freitag S, Maudrich JJ, Schubert H, Sirsch P, Wesemann L. Coordination chemistry of stannylene-based Lewis pairs – insertion into M–Cl and M–C bonds. From base stabilized stannylenes to bidentate ligands. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:83-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04044j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of intramolecular stannylene phosphorus Lewis pairs incorporated into four or three membered ring molecules is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Krebs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - S. Freitag
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - J.-J. Maudrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - H. Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - P. Sirsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - L. Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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Sodreau A, Mallet-Ladeira S, Lachaize S, Miqueu K, Sotiropoulos JM, Madec D, Nayral C, Delpech F. Designed single-source precursors for iron germanide nanoparticles: colloidal synthesis and magnetic properties. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:15114-15120. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02942c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The substituent of single source precursors [{iPrNC(tBu)NiPr}RGe]Fe(CO)4 (R = Cl, N(SiMe3)2) has a dramatic influence on the synthesis of iron germanide nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Mallet-Ladeira
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse
- Université Paul Sabatier (FR2599)
- 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09
- France
| | | | - Karinne Miqueu
- CNRS/UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM
- UMR CNRS 5254)
- 64053 Pau Cedex 09
- France
| | - Jean-Marc Sotiropoulos
- CNRS/UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM
- UMR CNRS 5254)
- 64053 Pau Cedex 09
- France
| | - David Madec
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
- LHFA (Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée)
- UMR/CNRS 5069
- 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09
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50
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Álvarez-Rodríguez L, Brugos J, Cabeza JA, García-Álvarez P, Pérez-Carreño E. From a Diphosphanegermylene to Nickel, Palladium, and Platinum Complexes Containing Germyl PGeP Pincer Ligands. Chemistry 2017; 23:15107-15115. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Javier Brugos
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Javier A. Cabeza
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Enrique Pérez-Carreño
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica; Universidad de Oviedo; 33071 Oviedo Spain
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