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Zhang Z, Luan C, Wang C, Li T, Wu Y, Huang X, Jin B, Zhang E, Gong Q, Zhou X, Li X. Insulin resistance and its relationship with long-term exposure to ozone: Data based on a national population cohort. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134504. [PMID: 38704910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The relationship of ozone (O3), particularly the long-term exposure, with impacting metabolic homeostasis in population was understudied and under-recognised. Here, we used data from ChinaHEART, a nationwide, population-based cohort study, combined with O3 and PM2.5 concentration data with high spatiotemporal resolution, to explore the independent association of exposure to O3 with the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR). Among the 271 540 participants included, the crude prevalence of IR was 39.1%, while the age and sex standardized prevalence stood at 33.0%. Higher IR prevalence was observed with each increase of 10.0 μg/m3 in long-term O3 exposure, yielding adjusted odds ratios (OR) of 1.084 (95% CI: 1.079-1.089) in the one-pollutant model and 1.073 (95% CI: 1.067-1.079) in the two-pollutant model. Notably, a significant additive interaction between O3 and PM2.5 on the prevalence of IR was observed (P for additive interaction < 0.001). Our main findings remained consistent and robust in the sensitivity analyses. Our study suggests long-term exposure to O3 was independently and positively associated with prevalence of IR. It emphasized the benefits of policy interventions to reduce O3 and PM2.5 exposure jointly, which could ultimately alleviate the health and economic burden related to DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenglei Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Luan
- Unit of Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö 21428, Sweden
| | - Chunqi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wu
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bolin Jin
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Enming Zhang
- Unit of Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö 21428, Sweden
| | - Qiuhong Gong
- Center of Endocrinology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianliang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xi Li
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China; Central China Sub-center of the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Gui ZH, Heinrich J, Morawska L, Zhao TY, Yim SHL, Lao XQ, Gao M, Chen DH, Ma HM, Lin LZ, Liu RQ, Dong GH. Long-term Exposure to Ozone and Sleep Disorders in Children: A Multicity Study in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024:119553. [PMID: 38964573 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Evidence regarding the link between long-term ambient ozone (O3) exposure and childhood sleep disorders is little. This study aims to examine the associations between long-term exposure to O3 and sleep disorders in children. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey, including 185,428 children aged 6 to 18 years in 173 schools across 14 Chinese cities during 2012 and 2018. Parents or guardians completed a checklist using Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, and O3 exposure at residential and school addresses was estimated using a satellite-based spatiotemporal model. We used generalized linear mixed models to test the associations with adjustment for factors including socio-demographic variables, lifestyle, meteorology and multiple pollutants. Mean concentrations of O3, particulate matter with diameters ≤2.5 mm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were 88.9 μg/m3, 42.5 μg/m3 and 34.4 μg/m3, respectively. O3 and NO2 concentrations were similar among provinces, while PM2.5 concentration varied significantly among provinces. Overall, 19.4% of children had at least one sleep disorder. Long-term exposure to O3 was positively associated with odds of sleep disorders for all subtypes. For example, each interquartile increment in home-school O3 concentrations was associated with a higher odds ratio for global sleep disorder, at 1.22 (95% confidence interval: 1.18, 1.26). Similar associations were observed for sleep disorder subtypes. The associations remained similar after adjustment for PM2.5 and NO2. Moreover, these associations were heterogeneous regionally, with more prominent associations among children residing in southeast region than in northeast and northwest regions in China. We concluded that long-term exposure to O3 is positively associated with risks of childhood sleep disorders. These associations varied by geographical region of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Huan Gui
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany; Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tian-Yu Zhao
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Steve Hung-Lam Yim
- Asian School of the Environment, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
| | - Xiang-Qian Lao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Duo-Hong Chen
- Department of Air Quality Forecasting and Early Warning, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Secondary Pollution, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Min Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zi Lin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ru-Qing Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Xu R, Luo L, Yuan T, Chen W, Wei J, Shi C, Wang S, Liang S, Li Y, Zhong Z, Liu L, Zheng Y, Deng X, Liu T, Fan Z, Liu Y, Zhang J. Association of short-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and ozone with outpatient visits for anxiety disorders: A hospital-based case-crossover study in South China. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:277-284. [PMID: 38844166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The short-term adverse effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) on anxiety disorders (ADs) remained inconclusive. METHODS We applied an individual-level time-stratified case-crossover study, which including 126,112 outpatient visits for ADs during 2019-2021 in Guangdong province, China, to investigate the association of short-term exposure to PM2.5 and O3 with outpatient visits for ADs, and estimate excess outpatient visits in South China. Daily residential air pollutant exposure assessments were performed by extracting grid data (spatial resolution: 1 km × 1 km) from validated datasets. We employed the conditional logistic regression model to quantify the associations and excess outpatient visits. RESULTS The results of the single-pollutant models showed that each 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 and O3 exposures was significantly associated with a 3.14 % (95 % confidence interval: 2.47 %, 3.81 %) and 0.88 % (0.49 %, 1.26 %) increase in odds of outpatient visits for ADs, respectively. These associations remained robust in 2-pollutant models. The proportion of outpatient visits attributable to PM2.5 and O3 exposures was up to 7.20 % and 8.93 %, respectively. Older adults appeared to be more susceptible to PM2.5 exposure, especially in cool season, and subjects with recurrent outpatient visits were more susceptible to O3 exposure. LIMITATION As our study subjects were from one single hospital in China, it should be cautious when generalizing our findings to other regions. CONCLUSION Short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and O3 was significantly associated with a higher odds of outpatient visits for ADs, which can contribute to considerable excess outpatient visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Luo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wangni Chen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Chunxiang Shi
- Meteorological Data Laboratory, National Meteorological Information Center, Beijing, China
| | - Sirong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sihan Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihua Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Likun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyi Deng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Health Department, The Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoyu Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuewei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Gel G, Unluer C, Yılmaz ER, Erguder BI, Arıkok AT, Sener S, Kertmen HH, Turkoglu ME. Neuroprotective Effects of Coenzyme Q10 and Ozone Therapy on Experimental Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries in Rats. World Neurosurg 2024:S1878-8750(24)00715-0. [PMID: 38685349 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.04.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the neuroprotective effects and functional recovery potential of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and ozone therapy in spinal cord injury (SCI). MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups of 8. Surgical procedures induced spinal cord trauma in all groups, except the control group. The ozone group received 0.7 mg/kg rectal ozone daily for 7 days, starting 1 hour postspinal cord trauma. The CoQ10 group was administered 120 mg/kg CoQ10 orally once daily for 7 days, beginning 24 hours prior to trauma. The CoQ10 + ozone group received both treatments. Examinations included a modified Tarlov scale and inclined plane test on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Malondialdehyde (MDA) analysis was conducted on serum samples, and assessments of caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax levels were performed on tissue samples. Additionally, a comprehensive examination analyzed histopathological and ultrastructural changes. RESULTS After SCI, there was a statistically significant increase in serum MDA, tissue caspase-3, and Bax levels (MDA P < 0.001, caspase-3 P < 0.001, Bax P = 0.003). In the CoQ10 + ozone group, serum MDA (P = 0.002), tissue caspase-3 (P = 0.001), and Bax (P = 0.030) levels were significantly lower compared to the trauma group. Tissue Bcl-2 levels were also significantly higher (P = 0.019). The combined treatment group demonstrated improved histopathological, ultrastructural, and neurological outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that CoQ10 + ozone therapy in traumatic SCI demonstrates neuroprotective effects via antioxidant and antiapoptotic mechanisms. The positive effects on functional recovery are supported by data from biochemical, histopathological, ultrastructural, and neurological examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulce Gel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Diskapi Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Caner Unluer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Diskapi Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdal Resit Yılmaz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Diskapi Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berrin Imge Erguder
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ata Turker Arıkok
- Department of Neurosurgery, Diskapi Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serkan Sener
- Department of Emergency, Acibadem University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Hayri Kertmen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Diskapi Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erhan Turkoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Diskapi Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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Requia WJ, Silva LM. Urban structure types and students' academic performance. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38619984 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2339190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we propose a novel approach for estimating the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and students' academic performance. We propose the concept of urban morphology by Urban Structure Types (USTs). USTs are spatial indicators that describe the urban system through its physical, environmental, and functional characteristics. Our academic performance data includes 344,175 students from 256 public schools in the Federal District (FD), Brazil. This is student-level academic achievement data from 2017 to 2020. We performed the UST mapping in the FD by using visual interpretation. We classified 21 different types of UST. We fit mixed-effects regression models with a student-specific random intercept and slope. The model was adjusted for temporal factors, SES factors, and variables representing the characteristics and the location of each school. Our findings suggest associations between several types of USTs surrounding schools and academic performance. Overall, areas characterized as low population density, with high green index, and high standard residences were associated with an increase in student performance. In contrast, areas that include old buildings near streets, with significant traffic density, and areas with significant exposed soil (areas devasted) were associated with a decrease in student performance. The results of our study support the creation of effective educational and urban planning policies for local interventions. These interventions are likely to translate into healthier schools and improvements in children's behavioral development and learning performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weeberb J Requia
- School of Public Policy and Government, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luciano Moura Silva
- School of Public Policy and Government, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Brasília, Brazil
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Jin J, Xu Z, Beevers SD, Huang J, Kelly F, Li G. Long-term ambient ozone, omega-3 fatty acid, genetic susceptibility, and risk of mental disorders among middle-aged and older adults in UK biobank. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117825. [PMID: 38081346 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence linking ozone to depression and anxiety disorders remains sparse and results are heterogeneous. It remains unknown whether omega-3 fatty acid, or genetic susceptibility of mental disorders modify the impacts of ozone. The aim is to assess the associations of ambient ozone with depression and anxiety, and further explore the potential modification effects of omega-3 fatty acid and genetic susceptibility. METHODS In total of 257,534 participants were enrolled from 2006 to 2010 and followed up to 2016. Depression and anxiety were assessed using mental health questionnaires, primary care records and hospital admission records. The annual average concentrations of ozone were calculated and linked to individuals by home address. Dietary intake and plasma concentration were selected to reflect levels of omega-3 fatty acid. Polygenetic risk scores were selected to reflect genetic susceptibility. We examined the associations of ozone and incident mental disorders, and potential modification of omega-3 fatty acid and genetic susceptibility. RESULTS Incidences of depression (N = 6957) and anxiety (N = 6944) was associated with increase of ozone. Higher levels of omega-3 fatty acid might attenuate the ozone related depression risk. However, the modification effects of genetic susceptibility were not found. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to ambient ozone increase the risk of mental disorders among the middle aged and older adults, and omega-3 fatty acid could reduce the adverse effects of ozone on mental health. Higher intake of omega-3 fatty acid is a potential strategy to prevent the risks caused by ozone on public mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Jin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhihu Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Sean D Beevers
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Peking University Institute for Global Health and Development, Beijing, China.
| | - Frank Kelly
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Peng M, Zhang F, Yuan Y, Yang Z, Wang K, Wang Y, Tang Z, Zhang Y. Long-term ozone exposure and all-cause mortality: Cohort evidence in China and global heterogeneity by region. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115843. [PMID: 38141337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cohort evidence linking long-term ozone (O3) exposure to mortality remained largely mixed worldwide and was extensively deficient in densely-populated Asia. This study aimed to assess the long-term effects of O3 exposure on all-cause mortality among Chinese adults, as well as to examine potential regional heterogeneity across the globe. METHODS A national dynamic cohort of 42153 adults aged 16+ years were recruited from 25 provinces across Chinese mainland and followed up during 2010-2018. Annual warm-season (April-September) O3 and year-round co-pollutants (i.e., nitrogen dioxide [NO2] and fine particulate matter [PM2.5]) were simulated through validated spatial-temporal prediction models and were assigned to each enrollee in each calendar year. Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying exposures were employed to assess the O3-mortality association. Concentration-response (C-R) curves were fitted by natural cubic spline function to investigate the potential nonlinear association. Both single-pollutant model and co-pollutant models additionally adjusting for PM2.5 and/or NO2 were employed to examine the robustness of the estimated association. The random-effect meta-analysis was adopted to pool effect estimates from the current and prior population-based cohorts (n = 29), and pooled C-R curves were fitted through the meta-smoothing approach by regions. RESULTS The study population comprised of 42153 participants who contributed 258921.5 person-years at risk (median 6.4 years), of whom 2382 death events occurred during study period. Participants were exposed to an annual average of 51.4 ppb (range: 22.7-74.4 ppb) of warm-season O3 concentration. In the single-pollutant model, a significantly increased hazard ratio (HR) of 1.098 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.023-1.179) was associated with a 10-ppb rise in O3 exposure. Associations remained robust to additional adjustments of co-pollutants, with HRs of 1.099 (95% CI: 1.023-1.180) in bi-pollutant model (+PM2.5) and 1.093 (95% CI: 1.018-1.174) in tri-pollutant model (+PM2.5+NO2), respectively. A J-shaped C-R relationship was identified among Chinese general population, suggesting significant excess mortality risk at high ozone exposure only. The combined C-R curves from Asia (n = 4) and North America (n = 17) demonstrated an overall increased risk of all-cause mortality with O3 exposure, with pooled HRs of 1.124 (95% CI: 0.966-1.307) and 1.023 (95% CI: 1.007-1.039) per 10-ppb rise, respectively. Conversely, an opposite association was observed in Europe (n = 8, HR: 0.914 [95% CI: 0.860-0.972]), suggesting significant heterogeneity across regions (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study provided national evidence that high O3 exposure may curtail long-term survival of Chinese general population. Great between-region heterogeneity of pooled O3-mortality was identified across North America, Europe, and Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjin Peng
- Department of Outpatient, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Faxue Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Zhiming Yang
- School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ziqing Tang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
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McGrath S, Mukherjee R, Réquia WJ, Lee WC. Wildfire exposure and academic performance in Brazil: A causal inference approach for spatiotemporal data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167625. [PMID: 37804967 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
As the frequency and intensity of wildfires are projected to globally amplify due to climate change, there is a growing need to quantify the impact of exposure to wildfires in vulnerable populations such as adolescents. In our study, we applied rigorous causal inference methods to estimate the effect of wildfire exposure on the academic performance of high school students in Brazil between 2009 and 2015. Using longitudinal data from 8,183 high schools across 1,571 municipalities in Brazil, we estimated that the average performance in most academic subjects decreases under interventions that increase wildfire exposure, e.g., a decrease of 1.8 % (p = 0.01) in the natural sciences when increasing the wildfire density from 0.0035 wildfires/km2 (first quantile in the sample) to 0.0222 wildfires/km2 (third quartile). Furthermore, these effects considerably worsened over time. Our findings highlight the adverse impact of wildfires on educational outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean McGrath
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Weeberb J Réquia
- Center for Environment and Public Health Studies, School of Public Policy and Government, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Wan-Chen Lee
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Qu R, Sun B, Jiang J, An Z, Li J, Wu H, Wu W, Song J. Short-term ozone exposure and serum neural damage biomarkers in healthy elderly adults: Evidence from a panel study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167209. [PMID: 37730053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although converging lines of research have pointed to the adverse neural effects of air pollution, evidence linking ozone (O3) and neural damage remains limited. OBJECTIVES To investigate the subclinical neural effects of short-term ozone (O3) exposure in elderly adults. METHODS A panel of healthy elderly individuals was recruited, and five repeated measurements were conducted from December 2018 to April 2019 in Xinxiang, China. Serum neural damage biomarkers, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurofilament light chain (NfL), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) were measured at each follow-up session. Personal O3 exposure levels were calculated based on outdoor monitoring and sampling times. A linear mixed-effects model was adopted to quantify the acute effect of O3 on serum neural damage biomarkers. Stratification analysis based on sex, education level, physical activity, and glutathione S-transferases (GST) gene polymorphism analysis was performed to explore their potential modifying effects. RESULTS A total of 34 healthy volunteers aged 63.7 ± 5.7 y were enlisted and completed the study. The concentration of the daily maximum 8-h average O3 (O3-8h) ranged from 19.5 to 160.5 μg/m3 during the study period. Regression analysis showed that short-term O3 exposure was associated positively with serum concentrations of neural damage biomarkers. A 10 μg/m3 increase in O3-8h exposure was associated with an increment of 74 % (95 % CI:1 %-146 %) and 197 % (95 % CI:39 %-356 %) in BDNF (lag 2 d) and NfL (lag 1 d), respectively. The stratification results suggest that males, people with lower education levels, lower physical activity, and GST theta 1 (GSTT1)-sufficient genotype might be marginally more vulnerable. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new evidence for the neural damage risk posed by O3 exposure, even at relatively low concentrations, which, therefore, requires that stringent air quality standards be developed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Qu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Beibei Sun
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Zhen An
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Juan Li
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China.
| | - Jie Song
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China.
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10
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Suresh S, Singh S A, Rushendran R, Vellapandian C, Prajapati B. Alzheimer's disease: the role of extrinsic factors in its development, an investigation of the environmental enigma. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1303111. [PMID: 38125832 PMCID: PMC10730937 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1303111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the realm of Alzheimer's disease, the most prevalent form of dementia, the impact of environmental factors has ignited intense curiosity due to its substantial burden on global health. Recent investigations have unveiled these environmental factors as key contributors, shedding new light on their profound influence. Notably, emerging evidence highlights the detrimental role of various environmental contaminants in the incidence and progression of Alzheimer's disease. These contaminants encompass a broad spectrum, including air pollutants laden with ozone, neurotoxic metals like lead, aluminum, manganese, and cadmium, pesticides with their insidious effects, and the ubiquitous presence of plastics and microplastics. By meticulously delving into the intricate web connecting environmental pollutants and this devastating neurological disorder, this comprehensive chapter takes a deep dive into their involvement as significant risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, it explores the underlying molecular mechanisms through which these contaminants exert their influence, aiming to unravel the complex interactions that drive the pathogenesis of the disease. Additionally, this chapter proposes potential strategies to mitigate the detrimental effects of these environmental contaminants on brain health, with the ultimate goal of restoring and preserving typical cognitive function. Through this comprehensive exploration, we aim to enhance our understanding of the multifaceted relationship between neurotoxins and Alzheimer's disease, providing a solid foundation for developing innovative in-vivo models and advancing our knowledge of the intricate pathological processes underlying this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Suresh
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ankul Singh S
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rapuru Rushendran
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chitra Vellapandian
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bhupendra Prajapati
- Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, Gujarat, India
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11
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Zhang Y, Tang C, Liu Y, Jiang H, Lu J, Lu Z, Xu L, Zhang S, Zhou L, Ye J, Xuan X, Wu T, Cao X, Zhao B, Lin L, Wang Y, Zhang J. Long-term ozone exposure is negatively associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate in Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140040. [PMID: 37673188 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an inflammatory disease characterized by the deterioration of renal function, which imposes a significant burden on the healthcare system. In the recent decades, the ageing of the population and the increase of ozone pollution have accelerated. However, epidemiological associations between long-term ozone exposure and renal function in susceptible populations are understudied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of 1 y ozone exposure with renal function among the older adults in Xiamen City, China. We recruited 6024 eligible participants with a median age of 65.00 years, estimated their ozone exposure data, and collected questionnaires on demographic status and lifestyle factors as well as information on healthcare access. A generalized linear model was used to assess the association. An increase of 10 μg/m3 of 1 y ozone exposure was negatively associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [-3.12 (95% CI: -4.76, -1.48)]. The associations were stronger in men, non-smokers, and those with hypertension or T2DM. Clinical indicators of high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were the main mediators to regulate the ozone-renal function association. Our results suggested that long-term ozone exposure is a potential risk factor for renal function in Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Yuwen Liu
- Xiamen Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | | | | | - Zhonghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xianfa Xuan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xia Cao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Benhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Liangquan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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12
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Gardin TN, Requia WJ. Air quality and individual-level academic performance in Brazil: A nationwide study of more than 15 million students between 2000 and 2020. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115689. [PMID: 36933637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that living and studying in places with poor air quality is associated with cognitive deficits. However, there is still a limitation in the literature in terms of study design and geographic location. Also, only a few studies have looked at the effects of more than one air pollutant. To address this research gap, in this study we estimated the association between air pollution (considering three criteria air pollutants - PM2.5, NO2, and O3) and academic performance (a proxy of cognitive performance) at the student level in Brazil between 2000 and 2020. We assessed academic performance data from a nationwide high school exam. The data included 15,443,772 students who took this national test between 2000 and 2020 in Brazil. Air pollution data was derived from satellite remote sensing observations. We fit mixed-effects regression models with a state-specific random intercept and adjusted for school characteristics, spatio-temporal factors, and socioeconomic status. We performed sub-group analyses by stratifying the analysis by type of school management (private or public), location of the school (urban or rural), sex, and periods. Our findings suggest air pollution exposure was associated with drops in the students' marks varying from 0.13% to 5.39%. To our knowledge, this is the first study that estimates the association between air pollution and individual-level academic performance in Brazil. This study is of substantial environmental and educational importance by supporting policymakers to improve the air quality surrounding schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago N Gardin
- School of Public Policy and Government, Fundação Getúlio Vargas Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Weeberb J Requia
- School of Public Policy and Government, Fundação Getúlio Vargas Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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13
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Li D, Yang L, Wang N, Hu Y, Zhou Y, Du N, Li N, Liu X, Yao C, Wu N, Xiang Y, Li Y, Ji A, Zhou L, Cai T. Unexpected association between ambient ozone and adult insomnia outpatient visits: A large-scale hospital-based study. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 327:138484. [PMID: 36963583 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that short-term ozone (O3) exposure has substantial health consequences, but the relationship between short-term ambient O3 and insomnia, a common sleep disorder, is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the short-term effects of ambient O3 exposure on outpatient visits for adult insomnia and to explore the potential modifiers. A large-scale multihospital-based study was carried out in Chongqing, the largest city in Southwest China. Daily data on outpatient visits for adult insomnia, average concentrations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological factors were collected. We conducted quasi-Poisson regression with generalized additive model to assess the association between ambient O3 and outpatient visits for adult insomnia in varied windows of exposure. Subgroup analyses were applied to identify its modifiers. Totally, 140,159 adult insomnia outpatient visits were identified. The daily maximum 8-h average concentration of O3 was 69 μg/m3 during the study period, which greatly below the updated Chinese and WHO recommended limits (daily maximum 8-h average, O3: 100 μg/m3). Short-term O3 exposure was significantly negatively associated with outpatient visits for adult insomnia in different lag periods and the greatest decrease of outpatient visits for adult insomnia was found at lag 02 [0.93% (95% CI: 0.48%, 1.38%)]. Additionally, stronger links between O3 and adult insomnia outpatient visits were presented in cool seasons, and we did not observe any significant modified effects of gender and age. Moreover, the negative O3-insomnia association remained robust after controlling for other common air pollutants and comorbidities. In summary, short-term exposure to lower level of ambient O3, was associated with reduced daily outpatient visits for adult insomnia and such association showed to be more obvious in cool seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Information, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Medical Department, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yuegu Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yumeng Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ning Du
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chunyan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yafei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ailing Ji
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Laixin Zhou
- Medical Department, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Tongjian Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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14
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Yuan Y, Wang K, Wang Z, Zheng H, Ma Z, Liu R, Hu K, Yang Z, Zhang Y. Ambient ozone exposure and depression among middle-aged and older adults: Nationwide longitudinal evidence in China. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 251:114185. [PMID: 37167761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have linked long-term ozone (O3) exposure with depression in developed countries. However, available literature is sparse and exists great heterogeneities. We aimed to investigate the association of long-term O3 exposure with depression among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. METHODS We designed a repeated measurement study based on longitudinal data from four waves (2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Annual mean O3 concentrations assessed through machine learning-based spatiotemporal models were assigned to each participant at city level. Depression score was measured using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D-10), with scores above the cut-off point of ten defined as depressive symptom. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the impact of O3 on depression score and depressive symptom, and quantify the concentration-response (C-R) relationships. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the potential effect modifications. RESULTS A total of 19,582 participants with 60,125 visits were included in our analysis, with mean depression score of 8.1 (standard deviation: 6.3). Multivariable-adjusted mixed-effects model estimated a 6.34% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.34%, 9.43%) increase in depression score and an odds ratio (OR) of 1.29 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.45) for depressive symptom associated with per 10-μg/m3 rise in annual mean O3 exposure. Significantly elevated risks were identified only at high concentrations (approximately ≥90 μg/m3). Participants who suffered from chronic diseases had a significant increased risk of depression (% Change in depression score: 8.42% [95% CI: 4.79%, 12.17%], and OR: 1.42 [95% CI: 1.24, 1.62]), and an evident effect modification was identified for depressive symptom (P = 0.01). FINDINGS Our study provided novel evidence that long-term O3 exposure could be a risk factor for depression among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Our findings may have significant implications for formulating policies in reducing disease burden of depression by controlling air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yuan
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Riyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kejia Hu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhiming Yang
- School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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15
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Ju K, Lu L, Yang J, Chen T, Lan T, Duan Z, Xu Z, Zhang E, Wang W, Pan J. Identifying the causal effects of long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and ground surface ozone on individual medical costs in China-evidence from a representative longitudinal nationwide cohort. BMC Med 2023; 21:127. [PMID: 37013539 PMCID: PMC10071749 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little evidence on whether PM2.5 and ground surface ozone have consistent effects on increased individual medical costs, and there is a lack of evidence on causality in developing countries. METHODS This study utilized balanced panel data from 2014, 2016, and 2018 waves of the Chinese Family Panel Study. The Tobit model was developed within a counterfactual causal inference framework, combined with a correlated random effects and control function approach (Tobit-CRE-CF), to explore the causal relationship between long-term exposure to air pollution and medical costs. We also explored whether different air pollutants exhibit comparable effects. RESULTS This study encompassed 8928 participants and assessed various benchmark models, highlighting the potential biases from failing to account for air pollution endogeneity or overlooking respondents without medical costs. Using the Tobit-CRE-CF model, significant effects of air pollutants on increased individual medical costs were identified. Specifically, margin effects for PM2.5 and ground-level ozone signifying that a unit increase in PM2.5 and ground-level ozone results in increased total medical costs of 199.144 and 75.145 RMB for individuals who incurred fees in the previous year, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results imply that long-term exposure to air pollutants contributes to increased medical costs for individuals, offering valuable insights for policymakers aiming to mitigate air pollution's consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ju
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Liyong Lu
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jingguo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ting Chen
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tianjiao Lan
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhongxin Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zongyou Xu
- Medical School, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - En Zhang
- School of Government, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wen Wang
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jay Pan
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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16
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Wu T, Li Z, Wei Y. Advances in understanding mechanisms underlying mitochondrial structure and function damage by ozone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160589. [PMID: 36462650 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles found in eukaryotic cells. The integrity of mitochondrial structure and function determines cell destiny. Mitochondria are also the "energy factories of cells." The production of energy is accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Generally, the production and consumption of ROS maintains a balance in cells. Ozone is a highly oxidizing, harmful substance in ground-level atmosphere. Ozone inhalation causes oxidative injury owing to the generation of ROS, resulting in mitochondrial oxidative stress overload. Oxidative damage to the mitochondria induces a vicious cycle of ROS production which might destroy mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial structure and function in cells. ROS can alter the phosphorylation of various signaling molecules, triggering a series of downstream signaling pathway reactions. These include inflammatory responses, pyroptosis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Changes involving these molecular mechanisms may be related to the occurrence of disease. According to numerous epidemiological investigations, ozone exposure induces respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous system diseases in humans. In addition, these systems require large quantities of energy. Hence, the mitochondrial damage caused by ozone may act as a bridge between human diseases. However, the specific molecular mechanisms involved require further investigation. This review discusses our understanding of the structure and function of mitochondria the mechanisms underlying ozone-induced mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.
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17
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Saucier D, Registe PPW, Bélanger M, O'Connell C. Urbanization, air pollution, and water pollution: Identification of potential environmental risk factors associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using systematic reviews. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1108383. [PMID: 36970522 PMCID: PMC10030603 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1108383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite decades of research, causes of ALS remain unclear. To evaluate recent hypotheses of plausible environmental factors, the aim of this study was to synthesize and appraise literature on the potential associations between the surrounding environment, including urbanization, air pollution and water pollution, and ALS. Methods We conducted a series (n = 3) of systematic reviews in PubMed and Scopus to identify epidemiological studies assessing relationships between urbanization, air pollution and water pollution with the development of ALS. Results The combined search strategy led to the inclusion of 44 articles pertaining to at least one exposure of interest. Of the 25 included urbanization studies, four of nine studies on living in rural areas and three of seven studies on living in more highly urbanized/dense areas found positive associations to ALS. There were also three of five studies for exposure to electromagnetic fields and/or proximity to powerlines that found positive associations to ALS. Three case-control studies for each of diesel exhaust and nitrogen dioxide found positive associations with the development of ALS, with the latter showing a dose-response in one study. Three studies for each of high selenium content in drinking water and proximity to lakes prone to cyanobacterial blooms also found positive associations to ALS. Conclusion Whereas markers of air and water pollution appear as potential risk factors for ALS, results are mixed for the role of urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Saucier
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Center de formation médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Moncton, NB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Daniel Saucier
| | - Pierre Philippe Wilson Registe
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Center de formation médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Mathieu Bélanger
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Center de formation médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Colleen O'Connell
- Stan Cassidy Center for Rehabilitation, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
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18
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Zhou P, Zhang W, Xu YJ, Liu RQ, Qian Z, McMillin SE, Bingheim E, Lin LZ, Zeng XW, Yang BY, Hu LW, Chen W, Chen G, Yu Y, Dong GH. Association between long-term ambient ozone exposure and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms among Chinese children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114602. [PMID: 36265606 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although ozone exposure has neurological toxicity, it remains unclear whether it was associated with an increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) among childhood. METHODS We matched the four-year average ozone concentration with questionnaire data for 35,103 children aged 3-12 years from seven cities in Liaoning, China, 2012-2013. Using mixed-effect logistic regression models, we assessed the association of ozone concentration with multiple ADHD indicators using the Conners Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire (C-ASQ), including explicit attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms (ADHD; score ≥15), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder tendencies (ADHD-T; 11 ≤ score ≤14), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems (ADHP; score ≥11). Results were also stratified by sociodemongraphics. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, we found that each interquartile range (IQR) increase in ozone concentration was associated with an increased risk of ADHD, ADHD-T, and ADHP (P < 0.001) with an odds ratio of 1.12 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.21), 1.08 (1.03-1.13), and 1.09 (1.05-1.14), respectively. Additionally, we found greater effect estimates in children who reported longer exercise time (vs those with limited exercise time) with odds ratio of 1.18 (1.07-1.31) vs 1.06 (0.96-1.17) for ADHD, 1.13 (1.06-1.21) vs 1.03 (0.96-1.10) for ADHD-T, and 1.15 (1.08-1.21) vs 1.04 (0.98-1.10) for ADHP. Non-breastfed children were also shown to be more vulnerable to ADHD with an odds ratio of 1.22 (1.09-1.36) compared with 1.06 (0.96-1.16) among the rest. CONCLUSIONS Long-term ozone exposure may be associated with increased ADHD among children. Additional studies are needed to validate our findings and support policies and interventions to address this growing public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peien Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wangjian Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yu-Jie Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ru-Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Bingheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Li-Zi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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19
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Singh S A, Suresh S, Singh A, Chandran L, Vellapandian C. Perspectives of ozone induced neuropathology and memory decline in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of preclinical evidences. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120136. [PMID: 36089140 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to discover the plausible mechanism of Ozone in A.D., to boost translational research. The main focus of our review lies in understanding the effects of ozone pollution on the human brain and causing degenerative disease. Owing to the number of works carried out as preclinical evidence in association with oxidative stress and Alzheimer's disease and the lack of systematic review or meta-analysis prompted us to initiate a study on Alzheimer's risk due to ground-level ozone. We found relevant studies from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Proquest, DOAJ, and Scopus, narrowing to animal studies and the English language without any time limit. The searches will be re-run before the final analysis. This work was registered in Prospero with Reg ID CRD42022319360, followed the PRISMA-P framework, and followed the PICO approach involving Population, Intervention/Exposure, Comparison, and Outcomes data. Bibliographic details of 16 included studies were studied for Exposure dose of ozone, duration, exposure, and frequency with control and exposure groups. Primary and secondary outcomes were assessed based on pathology significance, and results were significant in inducing Alzheimer-like pathology by ozone. In conclusion, ozone altered oxidative stress, metabolic pathway, and amyloid plaque accumulation besides endothelial stress response involving mitochondria as the critical factor in ATP degeneration, caspase pathway, and neuronal damage. Thus, ozone is a criteria pollutant to be focused on in mitigating Alzheimer's Disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankul Singh S
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Swathi Suresh
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anuragh Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lakshmi Chandran
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chitra Vellapandian
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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20
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Luo P, Wang D, Luo J, Li S, Li MM, Chen H, Duan Y, Fan J, Cheng Z, Zhao MM, Liu X, Wang H, Luo XY, Zhou L. Relationship between air pollution and childhood atopic dermatitis in Chongqing, China: A time-series analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:990464. [PMID: 36276372 PMCID: PMC9583006 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.990464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children has increased substantially in China over past decades. The ongoing rise in the prevalence stresses the important role of the environmental factors in the pathogenesis of AD. However, studies evaluating the effects of air pollution on AD in children are scarce. Objective To quantitatively assess the association between air pollution and outpatient visits for AD in children. Methods In this time-series study, we collected 214,747 children of AD from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 through the electronic data base in the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. The number of daily visits was treated as the dependent variable, and generalized additive models with a Poisson like distribution were constructed, controlling for relevant potential confounders and performing subgroup analyses. Results Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and each 1 mg/m3 increase in CO concentrations was significantly associated with a 0.7% (95% CI: 0.2, 1.3%), 0.9% (95% CI: 0.5, 1.4%), 11% (95% CI: 7.5, 14.7%), 5.5% (95% CI: 4.3, 6.7%) and 10.1% (95% CI: 2.7, 18.2%) increase of AD outpatient visits on the current day, respectively. The lag effect was found in SO2, PM10, and NO2. The effects were stronger in cool season and age 0-3 group. Conclusions Our study suggests that short-term exposure to ambient air pollution contributes to more childhood AD outpatient visits in Chongqing, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Luo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng-meng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Nan'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming-ming Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China,Hua Wang
| | - Xiao-yan Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China,Xiao-yan Luo
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Li Zhou
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21
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Long-Term Exposure to Ozone Increases Neurological Disability after Stroke: Findings from a Nationwide Longitudinal Study in China. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081216. [PMID: 36009843 PMCID: PMC9404899 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In China, ozone is a major air pollutant that has been linked to stroke incidence and mortality. However, how long-term exposure to ozone affects the life quality among stroke survivors is unknown. This study presents a longitudinal analysis of nationwide data of Chinese adults, and shows that exposure to ozone can increase the risk of post-stroke disability. Taking ambient O3 under control can delay the progression of neurological disability among stroke survivors. Abstract Exposure to ozone (O3) is associated with stroke incidence and mortality. However, whether long-term exposure to O3 is associated with post-stroke neurological disability remains unknown. This study investigated the relationship based on the longitudinal analysis of China National Stroke Screening Survey (CNSSS), which included 65,778 records of stroke patients. All of the analyzed patients were followed-up at least twice. Stroke disability was assessed using the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Long-term exposure was assessed by the peak-season or annual mean of maximum 8-h O3 concentrations for 365 days before the mRS measurement. We used fixed-effect models to evaluate the associations between O3 and mRS score, with adjustment for multiple confounders, and found a 10 µg/m3 increase in peak-season O3 concentration was associated with a 0.0186 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0115–0.0256) increment in the mRS score. The association was robust in various subpopulations. For secondary outcomes, for each 10 µg/m3 increment in peak-season O3, the odds ratio of an increased mRS score (vs. unchanged or decreased mRS score) increased by 23% (95% CI 9–37%). A nonlinear analysis showed a sublinear association between O3 exposure and risk for post-stroke disability. A saturation effect was observed at an O3 concentration of more than ~120 μg/m3. Our study adds to evidence that long-term exposure to O3 increases the risk of neurological disability after stroke.
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22
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Qiao L, Chen Z, Takada C, Chiba H, Inoue KI, Hui SP, Ye S. Quantitative Evaluation on the Degradation Process of the Pulmonary Surfactant Monolayer When Exposed to Low-Level Ozone of Ambient Environment. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8651-8658. [PMID: 35605232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ozone is a potent environmental oxidant with high chemical reactivity and is present in the ambient environment at a low level of a few tens of ppb. However, only limited information is known about low-level ozone's influence on the respiratory system. In the present study, we systematically investigated the degradation of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), which is one of the major components of the pulmonary surfactant (PS), enabling breath function of the lung exposed to low ambient-level ozone (40 ± 10 ppb). Using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique combined with the Langmuir-Blodgett approach, we first tracked the degradation process of POPC molecules by determining the degradation products during exposure to the ambient environment. As a result, we found that the POPC molecules can be readily degraded from the C═C moiety in 45 min, yielding an aldehyde-type product of 1-palmitoyl-2-(9'-oxo-nonanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POnPC) and a trace amount of an acid-type one of 1-palmitoyl-2-azelaoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PAzPC), as well as a pair of secondary ozonide (SOZ) isomers. Furthermore, with prolonged exposure, the SOZ stayed constant but the yield of PAzPC significantly increased with the decrease in POnPC. The low-level ozone-induced oxidation mechanisms for unsaturated lipids are discussed based on the quantitative analyses of these experimental observations. The present results demonstrate that the ground-level ozone is strong enough to induce dramatic oxidation damage to the unsaturated lipids of the PS. These oxidized species may trigger the lung's inflammatory response and be used as biomarkers for oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qiao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Zhen Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Chunji Takada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Sapporo 007-0894, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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23
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The modifying effect of trait anxiety on the association of fine particulate matter with heart rate variability variables. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 241:113933. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Qiu H, Wang L, Luo L, Shen M. Gaseous air pollutants and hospitalizations for mental disorders in 17 Chinese cities: Association, morbidity burden and economic costs. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111928. [PMID: 34437848 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The short-term morbidity effects of gaseous air pollutants on mental disorders (MDs), and the corresponding morbidity and economic burdens have not been well studied. We aimed to explore the associations of ambient sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) with MDs hospitalizations in 17 Chinese cities during 2015-2018, and estimate the attributable risk and economic costs of MDs hospitalizations associated with gaseous pollutants. City-specific relationships between gaseous pollutants and MDs hospitalizations were evaluated using over-dispersed generalized additive models, then combined to obtain the pooled effect. Concentration-response (C-R) curves of gaseous pollutants with MDs from each city were pooled to allow regional estimates to be derived. The morbidity and economic burdens of MDs hospitalizations attributable to gaseous pollutants were further assessed. A total of 171,939 MDs hospitalizations were included. We observed insignificant association of O3 with MDs. An interquartile range increase in SO2 at lag0 (9.1 μg/m³), NO2 at lag0 (16.7 μg/m³) and CO at lag2 (0.4 mg/m³) corresponded to a 3.02% (95%CI: 0.72%, 5.38%), 5.03% (95%CI: 1.84%, 8.32%) and 2.18% (95%CI: 0.40%, 4.00%) increase in daily MDs hospitalizations, respectively. These effects were modified by sex, season and cause-specific MDs. The C-R curves of SO2 and NO2 with MDs indicated nonlinearity and the slops were steeper at lower concentrations. Overall, using current standards as reference concentrations, 0.27% (95%CI: 0.07%, 0.48%) and 0.06% (95%CI: 0.02%, 0.10%) of MDs hospitalizations could be attributable to extra SO2 and NO2 exposures, and the corresponding economic costs accounted for 0.34% (95%CI: 0.08%, 0.60%) and 0.07% (95%CI: 0.03%, 0.11%) of hospitalization expenses, respectively. Moreover, using threshold values detected from C-R curves as reference concentrations, the above mentioned morbidity and economic burdens increased a lot. These findings suggest more strict emission control regulations are needed to protect mental health from gaseous pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Liya Wang
- Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Luo
- Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghui Shen
- Health Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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25
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Health and Economic Impacts Assessment of O 3 Exposure in Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111646. [PMID: 34770158 PMCID: PMC8583463 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Health effects related to exposure to air pollution such as ozone (O3) have been documented. The World Health Organization has recommended the use of the Sum of O3 Means Over 35 ppb (SOMO35) to perform Health Impact Assessments (HIA) for long-term exposure to O3. We estimated the avoidable mortality associated with long-term exposure to tropospheric O3 in 14 cities in Mexico using information for 2015. The economic valuation of avoidable deaths related to SOMO35 exposure was performed using the willingness to pay (WTP) and human capital (HC) approaches. We estimated that 627 deaths (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 227–1051) from respiratory diseases associated with the exposure to O3 would have been avoided in people over 30 years in the study area, which confirms the public health impacts of ambient air pollution. The avoidable deaths account for almost 1400 million USD under the WTP approach, whilst the HC method yielded a lost productivity estimate of 29.7 million USD due to premature deaths. Our findings represent the first evidence of the health impacts of O3 exposure in Mexico, using SOMO35 metrics.
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26
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Fu P, Yung KKL. Air Pollution and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:701-714. [PMID: 32741830 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the elderly. However, its effects on AD have not been meta-analyzed comprehensively. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the associations between air pollution and AD incidence. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science for indexed publications up to March 2020. Odds risk (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for particulate matter (PM)10 (PM10), PM2.5, ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO). The subgroup analysis was conducted based on the pollution levels. RESULTS Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis and review. The OR per 10μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 was 1.95 (95% CI: 0.88-4.30). The corresponding values per 10μg/m3 increment of other pollutants were 1.03 (95% CI: 0.68-1.57) for O3, 1.00 (95% CI: 0.89-1.13) for NO2, and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91-0.99) for PM10 (only one study), respectively. Overall OR of the five air pollutants above with AD was 1.32 (95% CI: 1.09-1.61), suggesting a positive association between ambient air pollution and AD incidence. The sub-analysis indicated that the OR (2.20) in heavily polluted regions was notably higher than that in lightly polluted regions (1.06). Although AD risk rate data related to SO2 or CO exposure are still limited, the epidemiologic and toxicological evidence indicated that higher concentration of SO2 or CO exposure increased risks of dementia, implying that SO2 or CO might have a potential impact on AD. CONCLUSION Air pollution exposure may exacerbate AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Fu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ken Kin Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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27
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Wesselink AK, Rosenberg L, Wise LA, Jerrett M, Coogan PF. A prospective cohort study of ambient air pollution exposure and risk of uterine leiomyomata. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:2321-2330. [PMID: 33984861 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION To what extent are ambient concentrations of particulate matter <2.5 microns (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) associated with risk of self-reported physician-diagnosed uterine leiomyomata (UL)? SUMMARY ANSWER In this large prospective cohort study of Black women, ambient concentrations of O3, but not PM2.5 or NO2, were associated with increased risk of UL. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY UL are benign tumors of the myometrium that are the leading cause of gynecologic inpatient care among reproductive-aged women. Black women are clinically diagnosed at two to three times the rate of white women and tend to exhibit earlier onset and more severe disease. Two epidemiologic studies have found positive associations between air pollution exposure and UL risk, but neither included large numbers of Black women. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We conducted a prospective cohort study of 21 998 premenopausal Black women residing in 56 US metropolitan areas from 1997 to 2011. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIAL, SETTING, METHODS Women reported incident UL diagnosis and method of confirmation (i.e. ultrasound, surgery) on biennial follow-up questionnaires. We modeled annual residential concentrations of PM2.5, NO2 and O3 throughout the study period. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for a one-interquartile range (IQR) increase in air pollutant concentrations, adjusting for confounders and co-pollutants. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE During 196 685 person-years of follow-up, 6238 participants (28.4%) reported physician-diagnosed UL confirmed by ultrasound or surgery. Although concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2 were not appreciably associated with UL (HRs for a one-IQR increase: 1.01 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.10) and 1.05 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.16), respectively), O3 concentrations were associated with increased UL risk (HR for a one-IQR increase: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.32). The association was stronger among women age <35 years (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.62) and parous women (HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.48). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our measurement of air pollution is subject to misclassification, as monitoring data are not equally spatially distributed and we did not account for time-activity patterns. Our outcome measure was based on self-report of a physician diagnosis, likely resulting in under-ascertainment of UL. Although we controlled for several individual- and neighborhood-level confounding variables, residual confounding remains a possibility. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Inequitable burden of air pollution exposure has important implications for racial health disparities, and may be related to disparities in UL. Our results emphasize the need for additional research focused on environmental causes of UL. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This research was funded by the National Cancer Institute (U01-CAA164974) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01-ES019573). L.A.W. is a fibroid consultant for AbbVie, Inc. and accepts in-kind donations from Swiss Precision Diagnostics, Sandstone Diagnostics, FertilityFriend.com and Kindara.com for primary data collection in Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO). M.J. declares consultancy fees from the Health Effects Institute (as a member of the review committee). The remaining authors declare they have no actual or potential competing financial interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K Wesselink
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Jerrett
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patricia F Coogan
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Curcumin Decreases Hippocampal Neurodegeneration and Nitro-Oxidative Damage to Plasma Proteins and Lipids Caused by Short-Term Exposure to Ozone. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134075. [PMID: 34279415 PMCID: PMC8272084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is the consequence of harmful events affecting the nervous system that lead to neuronal death. Toxic substances, including air pollutants, are capable of inducing neurodegeneration. Ozone (O3) is the most oxidative toxic pollutant. O3 reacts with cellular components and forms reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, triggering nitro-oxidative damage during short-term exposure. Curcumin (CUR) is a natural phenolic molecule bearing well-documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biological activities in diverse experimental models. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of preventive dietary administration of CUR against hippocampal neurodegeneration and nitro-oxidative damage caused by short-term exposure to O3. Eighty Wistar male rats were distributed into four experimental groups, twenty rats each: intact control; CUR dietary supplementation without O3 exposure; exposure to 0.7 ppm of O3; and exposed to O3 with CUR dietary supplementation. Five rats from each group were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, and 8 h of exposure. The CUR dose was 5.6 mg/kg and adjusted according to food consumption. CUR significantly decreased oxidative damage to plasma lipids and proteins, as well as neurodegeneration in CA1 and CA3 hippocampal regions. Concluding, CUR proved effective protection in decreasing neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and prevented systemic oxidative damage.
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Tian L, Chu N, Yang H, Yan J, Lin B, Zhang W, Li K, Lai W, Bian L, Liu H, Xi Z, Liu X. Acute ozone exposure can cause cardiotoxicity: Mitochondria play an important role in mediating myocardial apoptosis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:128838. [PMID: 33162165 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the cardiotoxicity induced by acute exposure to different concentrations of ozone in both gender rats and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS A total of 240 rats were randomly sorted into 6 groups with equal numbers of male and female rats in each group. The rats were subjected to ozone inhalation at concentrations of 0, 0.12, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 ppm, respectively, for 6 h. After ozone exposure, function indicators, myocardial injury indexes and risk factors of cardiovascular disease in blood were assayed. RESULTS High ozone exposure resulted in sustained ventricular tachycardia in male and female rats. Myocardial apoptosis in male rats started from 1.0 ppm ozone, and that in female rats started from 2.0 ppm ozone (p < 0.05). Caspase-9 increased significantly from 0.12 ppm ozone (p < 0.01) in both gender rats, while caspase-3 was initially activated at 0.5 ppm ozone. From 1.0 ppm ozone, mitochondrial cristae and myofilaments dissolved. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax decreased significantly from 0.12 ppm and MRCC-IV decreased significantly from 2.0 ppm by ozone. CONCLUSION Acute ozone exposure can cause paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia in rats. Moreover, the changes of inflammatory factors in the heart tissues of female and male rats after ozone exposure were greater than those of oxidative stress. This study reported for the first time that 6 h ozone exposure does not cause acute cardiomyocyte necrosis, but promotes cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a mitochondrial-dependent manner. Ozone could regulate caspases-3 dependent cardiomyocyte apoptosis by affecting the balance between caspase-9 and XIAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, China.
| | - Nan Chu
- Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China.
| | - Hu Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, China; Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China.
| | - Jun Yan
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, China.
| | - Bencheng Lin
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, China.
| | - Kang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, China.
| | - Wenqing Lai
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, China.
| | - Liping Bian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, China.
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, China.
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, China.
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, China.
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Li A, Mei Y, Zhao M, Xu J, Seery S, Li R, Zhao J, Zhou Q, Ge X, Xu Q. The effect of ambient ozone on glucose-homoeostasis: A prospective study of non-diabetic older adults in Beijing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143308. [PMID: 33223186 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate potential effects of short- and medium-term exposure to low levels of ozone (O3) on glucose-homeostasis in non-diabetic older adults. METHODS 166 non-diabetic, older participants in Beijing were deemed eligible to partake in this longitudinal population-based study. Observations were recorded on three separate occasions from November 2016 up until January 2018. Concentrations of outdoor O3 were monitored throughout the study period. Biomarkers indicative of glucose-homeostasis, including fasting blood glucose, insulin, HbAlc, glycated albumin percentage (glycated albumin/albumin), HOMA-IR and HOMA-B were measured at 3 sessions. A linear mixed effects model with random effects was adopted to quantify the effect of O3 across a comprehensive set of glucose-homeostasis markers. RESULTS Short-term O3 exposure positively associated with increased fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. The effect on glucose occurred at 3-, 5-, 6- and 7-days, although the largest effect manifested on 6-days (5.6%, 95% CI: 1.4, 9.9). Significant associations with both insulin and HOMA-IR were observed on the 3- and 4-days. For HOMA-B, positive associations were identified from 3- to 7-days with estimates ranging from 40.0% (95% CI: 2.3, 91.5) to 83.1% (95% CI: 25.3, 167.5). Stratification suggests that women may be more susceptible to short-term O3 exposure. There does not appear to be a significant association between O3 and glucose-homeostasis in medium-term exposures. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that O3 exposure is at least partially associated with type II diabetes in older adults with no prior history of this condition. O3 therefore appears to be a potential risk factor, which is a particular concern when we consider the rise in global concentrations. Evidence also suggests that women may be more susceptible to short-term O3 exposure although we are not quite sure why. Future research may look to investigate this phenomenon further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yayuan Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Meiduo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Samuel Seery
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Runkui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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Air Pollution Is Associated with Poor Cognitive Function in Taiwanese Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18010316. [PMID: 33406674 PMCID: PMC7795645 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The issue of air pollution is gaining increasing attention worldwide, and mounting evidence has shown an association between air pollution and cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between air pollutants and cognitive impairment using the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and its sub-domains. In this study, we used data from the Taiwan Biobank combined with detailed daily data on air pollution. Cognitive function was assessed using the MMSE and its five subgroups of cognitive functioning. After multivariable linear regression analysis, a high level of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), low ozone (O3), high carbon monoxide (CO), high sulfur dioxide (SO2), high nitric oxide (NO), high nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and high nitrogen oxide (NOx) were significantly associated with low total MMSE scores. Further, high SO2 and low O3 were significantly associated with low MMSE G1 scores. Low O3, high CO, high SO2, high NO2, and high NOx were significantly associated with low MMSE G4 scores, and high PM2.5, high particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤10 μm (PM10), high SO2, high NO2, and high NOx were significantly associated with low MMSE G5 scores. Our results showed that exposure to different air pollutants may lead to general cognitive decline and impairment of specific domains of cognitive functioning, and O3 may be a protective factor. These findings may be helpful in the development of policies regarding the regulation of air pollution.
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Requia WJ, Di Q, Silvern R, Kelly JT, Koutrakis P, Mickley LJ, Sulprizio MP, Amini H, Shi L, Schwartz J. An Ensemble Learning Approach for Estimating High Spatiotemporal Resolution of Ground-Level Ozone in the Contiguous United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11037-11047. [PMID: 32808786 PMCID: PMC7498146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we integrated multiple types of predictor variables and three types of machine learners (neural network, random forest, and gradient boosting) into a geographically weighted ensemble model to estimate the daily maximum 8 h O3 with high resolution over both space (at 1 km × 1 km grid cells covering the contiguous United States) and time (daily estimates between 2000 and 2016). We further quantify monthly model uncertainty for our 1 km × 1 km gridded domain. The results demonstrate high overall model performance with an average cross-validated R2 (coefficient of determination) against observations of 0.90 and 0.86 for annual averages. Overall, the model performance of the three machine learning algorithms was quite similar. The overall model performance from the ensemble model outperformed those from any single algorithm. The East North Central region of the United States had the highest R2, 0.93, and performance was weakest for the western mountainous regions (R2 of 0.86) and New England (R2 of 0.87). For the cross validation by season, our model had the best performance during summer with an R2 of 0.88. This study can be useful for the environmental health community to more accurately estimate the health impacts of O3 over space and time, especially in health studies at an intra-urban scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weeberb J. Requia
- Harvard University, Department of Environmental Health, TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- School of Public Policy and Government, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Corresponding Author: SGAN 602, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70830-051, Brazil,
| | - Qian Di
- Harvard University, Department of Environmental Health, TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Research Center for Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rachel Silvern
- Harvard University, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - James T. Kelly
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Harvard University, Department of Environmental Health, TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Loretta J. Mickley
- Harvard University, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Melissa P. Sulprizio
- Harvard University, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Heresh Amini
- Harvard University, Department of Environmental Health, TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Harvard University, Department of Environmental Health, TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Emory University, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Harvard University, Department of Environmental Health, TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Requia WJ, Di Q, Silvern R, Kelly JT, Koutrakis P, Mickley LJ, Sulprizio MP, Amini H, Shi L, Schwartz J. An Ensemble Learning Approach for Estimating High Spatiotemporal Resolution of Ground-Level Ozone in the Contiguous United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11037-11047. [PMID: 32808786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.oco1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we integrated multiple types of predictor variables and three types of machine learners (neural network, random forest, and gradient boosting) into a geographically weighted ensemble model to estimate the daily maximum 8 h O3 with high resolution over both space (at 1 km × 1 km grid cells covering the contiguous United States) and time (daily estimates between 2000 and 2016). We further quantify monthly model uncertainty for our 1 km × 1 km gridded domain. The results demonstrate high overall model performance with an average cross-validated R2 (coefficient of determination) against observations of 0.90 and 0.86 for annual averages. Overall, the model performance of the three machine learning algorithms was quite similar. The overall model performance from the ensemble model outperformed those from any single algorithm. The East North Central region of the United States had the highest R2, 0.93, and performance was weakest for the western mountainous regions (R2 of 0.86) and New England (R2 of 0.87). For the cross validation by season, our model had the best performance during summer with an R2 of 0.88. This study can be useful for the environmental health community to more accurately estimate the health impacts of O3 over space and time, especially in health studies at an intra-urban scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weeberb J Requia
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- School of Public Policy and Government, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Brasília, Distrito Federal 72125590, Brazil
| | - Qian Di
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Research Center for Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rachel Silvern
- Harvard University, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - James T Kelly
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Loretta J Mickley
- Harvard University, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Melissa P Sulprizio
- Harvard University, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Heresh Amini
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1165, Denmark
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Liang Z, Xu C, Ji AL, Liang S, Kan HD, Chen RJ, Lei J, Li YF, Liang ZQ, Cai TJ. Effects of short-term ambient air pollution exposure on HPV infections: A five-year hospital-based study. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126615. [PMID: 32443276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are common sexually-transmitted diseases among reproductive-aged women with increasing concern. Until now, there are no prior study about the association between HPV infections and ambient air pollution. This study aimed to explore the relationship between short-term exposure to ambient pollutants and daily outpatient visits for HPV infections in China. Data of daily outpatient visits for HPV infections were obtained from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018 (1826 days). Over-dispersed Poisson generalized additive models were applied by adjusting weather conditions and day of the week. We identified a total of 39,746 cases for HPV infections. A 10 μg/m3 increase of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 or a 0.1 mg/m3 rise of CO in concurrent day (lag 0) concentrations was related to an elevation of 0.822% (95% Cl: 0.282%, 1.36%), 1.05% (95% Cl: 0.280%, 1.81%), 5.72% (95% Cl: 1.79%, 9.65%), 5.02% (95% Cl: 3.45%, 6.60%), and 2.40% (95% Cl: 1.43%, 3.37%) in daily outpatient-visits for HPV infections, respectively. The association was more significant in those women aged 41 or over. As for 10 μg/m3 increase of O3, a -1.33% (95% Cl: -2.13%, -0.530%) change was observed on the lag 03 and such effects appeared to be more obvious in the aged 18-40 group. Our results provided the first evidence that short-term exposure to ambient pollutants was related to, which may be indirectly, the increased risk of HPV infections while O3 may act as a "protective" factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Troop 94498 of PLA, Nanyang, 474350, China
| | - Ai-Ling Ji
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Shi Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Brigham Young University Provo, UT 84602, 801-422-4636, USA
| | - Hai-Dong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ren-Jie Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Lei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hui Long-Ba Town Hospital, Chongqing, 401335, China
| | - Ya-Fei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tong-Jian Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Li A, Pei L, Zhao M, Xu J, Mei Y, Li R, Xu Q. Investigating potential associations between O3 exposure and lipid profiles: A longitudinal study of older adults in Beijing. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105135. [PMID: 31491592 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information exists on the lipidemic effects of ozone exposure. Few studies have focused on the different patterns of the association among older adults population, and little attention has been given to comprehensive lipid indices when evaluating the effect of O3 exposure on the metabolism. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal study involving 201 older adults in Beijing, China between 2016 and 2018. A mixed regression model was applied with random effects to investigate the relationship between O3 and lipid profiles. RESULTS O3 exposure positively correlated with TC, LDL-C, CRI-I, CRI-II and AC at short-term and medium-term exposure periods. The largest increases in TC, LDL-C, CRI-I and CRI-II were found in the 28-days moving average indicating accumulative effects over prolonged exposure period. A 10 μg/m3 increase of O3 at the 28-days moving average was associated with a significant increase of 3.9% (95% CI: 1.0, 6.9) in TC, 8.2% (95% CI: 4.2, 12.4) in LDL-C, 4.8% (95% CI: 1.1, 8.5) in CRI-I and 7.0% (95% CI: 2.7, 11.5) in CRI-II. Stratification by health status and characteristics revealed different patterns of lipid changes among older adults, lipid status, age, sex and BMI may modify the relationship between O3 exposure and lipid profiles. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that short-term and medium-term O3 exposure is associated with lipid profiles abnormalities among the older adults. Evidence also suggests there are patterns within population which differ according to both health status and demographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lu Pei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Meiduo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yayuan Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Runkui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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Bernardini F, Attademo L, Trezzi R, Gobbicchi C, Balducci P, Del Bello V, Menculini G, Pauselli L, Piselli M, Sciarma T, Moretti P, Tamantini A, Quartesan R, Compton M, Tortorella A. Air pollutants and daily number of admissions to psychiatric emergency services: evidence for detrimental mental health effects of ozone. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2019; 29:e66. [PMID: 31690359 PMCID: PMC8061137 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796019000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Aim of the current study is to investigate the associations between daily levels of air pollutants (particulate matter, ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide) and daily admissions for mental disorders to the emergency department of two general hospitals in Umbria region (Italy). METHODS We collected data about daily admissions to psychiatric emergency services of two general hospitals, air pollutants' levels and meteorological data for the time period 1 January 2015 until 31 December 2016. We assessed the impact of an increase in air pollutants on the number of daily admissions using a time-series econometric framework. RESULTS A total of 1860 emergency department admissions for mental disorders were identified. We observed a statistically significant impact of ozone levels on daily admissions. The estimated coefficient of O3 is statistically significant at the 1% level. All other pollutants were not significantly associated with the number of daily admissions. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to ozone may be associated with increased psychiatric emergency services admissions. Findings add to previous literature on existing evidence for air pollution to have an impact on mental health. Ozone may be considered a potential environmental risk factor for impaired mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Bernardini
- Department of Mental Health, AAS5 ‘Friuli Occidentale’, Pordenone, Italy
| | - L. Attademo
- Department of Mental Health, ASP Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - R. Trezzi
- Research and Statistics Division, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - C. Gobbicchi
- Department of Mental Health, AUSL Umbria 2, Terni, Italy
| | - P.M. Balducci
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - V. Del Bello
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - G. Menculini
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - L. Pauselli
- Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, USA
| | - M. Piselli
- Department of Mental Health, AUSL Umbria 2, Terni, Italy
- Functional Area of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - T. Sciarma
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P. Moretti
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A. Tamantini
- Department of Mental Health, AUSL Umbria 2, Terni, Italy
- Functional Area of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - R. Quartesan
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M.T. Compton
- Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, USA
| | - A. Tortorella
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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37
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Zhang JJ, Wei Y, Fang Z. Ozone Pollution: A Major Health Hazard Worldwide. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2518. [PMID: 31736954 PMCID: PMC6834528 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released into the atmosphere can react in the presence of solar irradiation, leading to ozone formation in the troposphere. Historically, before clean air regulations were implemented to control NOx and VOCs, ozone concentrations were high enough to exert acute effects such as eye and nose irritation, respiratory disease emergencies, and lung function impairment. At or above current regulatory standards, day-to-day variations in ozone concentrations have been positively associated with asthma incidence and daily non-accidental mortality rate. Emerging evidence has shown that both short-term and long-term exposures to ozone, at concentrations below the current regulatory standards, were associated with increased mortality due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The pathophysiology to support the epidemiologic associations between mortality and morbidity and ozone centers at the chemical and toxicological property of ozone as a strong oxidant, being able to induce oxidative damages to cells and the lining fluids of the airways, and immune-inflammatory responses within and beyond the lung. These new findings add substantially to the existing challenges in controlling ozone pollution. For example, in the United States in 2016, 90% of non-compliance to the national ambient air quality standards was due to ozone whereas only 10% was due to particulate matter and other regulated pollutants. Climate change, through creating atmospheric conditions favoring ozone formation, has been and will continue to increase ozone concentrations in many parts of world. Worldwide, ozone is responsible for several hundreds of thousands of premature deaths and tens of millions of asthma-related emergency room visits annually. To combat ozone pollution globally, more aggressive reductions in fossil fuel consumption are needed to cut NOx and VOCs as well as greenhouse gas emissions. Meanwhile, preventive and therapeutic strategies are needed to alleviate the detrimental effects of ozone especially in more susceptible individuals. Interventional trials in humans are needed to evaluate the efficacy of antioxidants and ozone-scavenging compounds that have shown promising results in animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & Environmental Standards Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhangfu Fang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Custodio V, Rubio C, Paz C. Prenatal Ozone Exposure Induces Memory Deficiencies in Newborns Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:244. [PMID: 31680853 PMCID: PMC6802607 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is fully acknowledged to represent a major public health issue. Toxic environmental substances, such as ozone, interfere with prenatal development. Animals exposed to ozone (O3) in utero develop biochemical and morphological alterations. This gas has been proven to decrease cognitive capacity in different species. In the present study, we assessed the possible alterations in memory and spatial learning in the offspring of female rats who were exposed to 1.0 ppm of O3 embryonic development. Two instruments were used to evaluate possible alterations: the T-maze and a Skinner box. MAPK, ERK, p-ERK, and NR2B proteins, which are widely regarded as responsible for the learning process in the hippocampus and cortex, were also assessed by immunohistochemistry. We found that male rats exposed to O3in utero displayed a significant delay to reach the correct response using the spatial learning test as compared to the control group. The female rats exposed to O3 showed a significant delay to reach the correct response as compared to the female control group in the Skinner box. We also found that while the male rats showed decrease in significant differences in the expression of NR2B, ERK and increase in MAPK. Females only showed increase in MAPK, p-ERK and decrease in ERK, when compared to their respective control group. It is possible that the deficits are associated to hormonal expression, inflammation and oxidative stress alterations. In summary, these results suggest that exposure to O3 can interfere with prenatal development, resulting in learning and memory deficiencies in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Custodio
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carmen Rubio
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Paz
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
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39
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Henriquez AR, House JS, Snow SJ, Miller CN, Schladweiler MC, Fisher A, Ren H, Valdez M, Kodavanti PR, Kodavanti UP. Ozone-induced dysregulation of neuroendocrine axes requires adrenal-derived stress hormones. Toxicol Sci 2019; 172:38-50. [PMID: 31397875 PMCID: PMC9344225 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ozone inhalation increases circulating stress hormones through activation of the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes. Adrenalectomized (AD) rats have attenuated ozone-induced lung responses. We hypothesized that ozone exposure will induce changes in circulating pituitary-derived hormones and global gene expression in the brainstem and hypothalamus, and that AD will ameliorate these effects. Male Wistar-Kyoto rats (13-weeks) that underwent sham-surgery (SHAM) or AD were exposed to ozone (0.8-ppm) or filtered-air for 4-hours. In SHAM rats, ozone exposure decreased circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), and luteinizing hormone (LH). AD prevented reductions in TSH and PRL, but not LH. AD increased ACTH ∼5-fold in both air and ozone-exposed rats. AD in air-exposed rats resulted in few significant transcriptional differences in the brainstem and hypothalamus (∼20 genes per tissue). By contrast, ozone-exposure in SHAM rats resulted in increases and decreases in expression of hundreds of genes in brainstem and hypothalamus relative to air-exposed SHAM rats (303 and 568 genes, respectively). Differentially expressed genes from ozone exposure were enriched for pathways involving hedgehog signaling, responses to alpha-interferon, hypoxia, and mTORC1, among others. Gene changes in both brain areas were analogous to those altered by corticosteroids and L-dopa, suggesting a role for endogenous glucocorticoids and catecholamines. AD completely prevented this ozone-induced transcriptional response. These findings show that short-term ozone inhalation promotes a shift in brainstem and hypothalamic gene expression that is dependent on the presence of circulating adrenal-derived stress hormones. This is likely to have profound downstream influence on systemic effects of ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres R Henriquez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - John S House
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Samantha J Snow
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.,ICF, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Colette N Miller
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Anna Fisher
- Research Cores Unit, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Hongzu Ren
- Research Cores Unit, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Matthew Valdez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Prasada R Kodavanti
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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40
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Dietary Curcumin Prevented Astrocytosis, Microgliosis, and Apoptosis Caused by Acute and Chronic Exposure to Ozone. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152839. [PMID: 31387223 PMCID: PMC6696019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone is the most oxidant tropospheric pollutant gas, causing damage through the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Reactive species induce the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation leading to neuroinflammation characterized by astrocytosis, microgliosis, and apoptotic cell death. There is interest in evaluating the pharmacological activity of natural antioxidants to confer neuroprotection against the damage caused by ozone in highly polluted cities. Curcumin has been proven to exert a protective action in the central nervous system (CNS) of diverse experimental models, with no side effects. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of curcumin in a preventive and therapeutic manner against the astrocytosis, microgliosis, and apoptosis induced by ozone in rat hippocampus. Fifty Wistar rats were distributed into five experimental groups: The intact control, curcumin fed control, ozone-exposed group, and the preventive and therapeutic groups receiving the curcumin supplementation while exposed to ozone. Ozone caused astrocytosis and microgliosis, as well as apoptosis in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, curcumin was able to decrease the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and apoptotic cell death in both periods of exposure. Therefore, we propose that curcumin could be used as a molecule capable of counteracting the damage caused by ozone in the CNS.
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41
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Werder EJ, Engel LS, Blair A, Kwok RK, McGrath JA, Sandler DP. Blood BTEX levels and neurologic symptoms in Gulf states residents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 175:100-107. [PMID: 31108353 PMCID: PMC6571161 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chemicals benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) are neuroactive. Exposures often co-occur because they share common sources. We examined neurologic effects of environmental BTEX exposure among U.S. Gulf coast residents taking into account concomitant exposures. METHODS We measured blood concentrations of BTEX in 690 Gulf state residents. Neurologic symptoms were ascertained via telephone interview. We used log-binomial regression to estimate associations between blood BTEX levels and self-reported neurologic symptoms independently for the presence of any neurologic, central (CNS), or peripheral nervous system (PNS) symptoms. We estimated associations in single chemical models mutually adjusted for co-occurring BTEX and used weighted quantile sum regression to model associations between the combined BTEX mixture and neurologic symptoms. RESULTS Half (49%) of participants reported at least one neurologic symptom. Each BTEX chemical was associated with increased CNS and PNS symptoms in single-chemical models comparing the highest to lowest quartile of exposure. After adjusting for coexposures, benzene was associated with CNS symptoms among all participants (PR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.27, 3.57) and among nonsmokers (PR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.35, 3.91). After adjusting for coexposures, associations with toluene were apparent only for reporting multiple PNS symptoms (PR = 2.00, 95% CI: 0.96, 4.16). In mixture analyses, a one-quartile increase in BTEX exposure was associated with neurologic symptoms (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.98). The weighted quantile sum index weighted benzene most heavily, which was consistent with single chemical analyses. CONCLUSIONS Increasing blood benzene concentration was associated with increased prevalence of CNS symptoms. In this sample, BTEX-associated neurologic effects are likely driven by exposure to benzene and, to a lesser extent, toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Werder
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence S Engel
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aaron Blair
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard K Kwok
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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42
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Snow SJ, Henriquez AR, Costa DL, Kodavanti UP. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Air Pollution Health Effects: Emerging Insights. Toxicol Sci 2019; 164:9-20. [PMID: 29846720 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollutant exposures are linked to cardiopulmonary diseases, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, neurobehavioral conditions, and reproductive abnormalities. Significant effort is invested in understanding how pollutants encountered by the lung might induce effects in distant organs. The role of circulating mediators has been predicted; however, their origin and identity have not been confirmed. New evidence has emerged which implicates the role of neuroendocrine sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axes in mediating a wide array of systemic and pulmonary effects. Our recent studies using ozone exposure as a prototypical air pollutant demonstrate that increases in circulating adrenal-derived stress hormones (epinephrine and cortisol/corticosterone) contribute to lung injury/inflammation and metabolic effects in the liver, pancreas, adipose, and muscle tissues. When stress hormones are depleted by adrenalectomy in rats, most ozone effects including lung injury/inflammation are diminished. Animals treated with antagonists for adrenergic and glucocorticoid receptors show inhibition of the pulmonary and systemic effects of ozone, whereas treatment with agonists restore and exacerbate the ozone-induced injury/inflammation phenotype, implying the role of neuroendocrine activation. The neuroendocrine system is critical for normal homeostasis and allostatic activation; however, chronic exposure to stressors may lead to increases in allostatic load. The emerging mechanisms by which circulating mediators are released and are responsible for producing multiorgan effects of air pollutants insists upon a paradigm shift in the field of air pollution and health. Moreover, since these neuroendocrine responses are linked to both chemical and nonchemical stressors, the interactive influence of air pollutants, lifestyle, and environmental factors requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Snow
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711
| | - Andres R Henriquez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711
| | - Daniel L Costa
- Emeritus, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711
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43
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Zhu X, Qiu H, Wang L, Duan Z, Yu H, Deng R, Zhang Y, Zhou L. Risks of hospital admissions from a spectrum of causes associated with particulate matter pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:90-100. [PMID: 30502738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution has been linked to elevated hospital admissions (HAs), especially from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. However, few studies have estimated the associations between PM pollution and HAs for a wider range of broad disease categories. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ≤10 μm (PM10) on a range of broad and specific causes of HAs in Chengdu, China during 2015-2016, using a generalized additive model (GAM). Age-, gender- and season-specific analyses were also performed on the broad categories. We further calculated the corresponding morbidity burden due to PM exposure. During the study period, the daily mean level for PM2.5 and PM10 was 57.3 μg/m3 and 94.7 μg/m3, respectively. For broad disease categories, each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 at lag06 was associated with increments of 0.65% (95% CI: 0.32%-0.99%) in HAs from respiratory, 0.49% (95% CI: 0.04%-0.95%) from circulatory and 0.91% (95% CI: 0.15%-1.69%) from skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases. By contrast, only respiratory HAs showed a significant positive association with elevated PM2.5 at lag06 (1.03% increase per 10 μg/m3, 95% CI: 0.50%-1.56%, p < 0.001). Increased HAs risks for several more refined specific causes within respiratory, circulatory, skin and subcutaneous tissue, nervous and genitourinary diseases were also observed. Subgroup analyses indicated that effect estimates were modified by age, gender and season. Overall, the largest morbidity burden was observed in myocardial infarction, about 11.27% (95% CI: 3.45%-18.07%) and 11.11% (95% CI: 4.07%-17.27%) of HAs for myocardial infarction could be attributable to PM2.5 and PM10 levels exceeding the WHO's air quality guidelines (24-h mean: 25 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 50 μg/m3 for PM10). Our study suggests that both PM2.5 and PM10 increase risks of morbidity from broad range of causes of HAs in Chengdu, and result in substantial morbidity burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhu
- Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Center for Artificial Intelligence and Smart Health, School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Qiu
- Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Center for Artificial Intelligence and Smart Health, School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Liya Wang
- Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhanqi Duan
- Health and Family Planning Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- School of Economics and Management, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China; Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ren Deng
- Health and Family Planning Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- Chengdu Shulianyikang Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Health and Family Planning Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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Croze ML, Zimmer L. Ozone Atmospheric Pollution and Alzheimer's Disease: From Epidemiological Facts to Molecular Mechanisms. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:503-522. [PMID: 29480184 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollution is a well-known environmental hazard, especially in developing countries where millions of people are exposed to airborne pollutant levels above safety standards. Accordingly, several epidemiological and animal studies confirmed its role in respiratory and cardiovascular pathologies and identified a strong link between ambient air pollution exposure and adverse health outcomes such as hospitalization and mortality. More recently, the potential deleterious effect of air pollution inhalation on the central nervous system was also investigated and mounting evidence supports a link between air pollution exposure and neurodegenerative pathologies, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). The focus of this review is to highlight the possible link between ozone air pollution exposure and AD incidence. This review's approach will go from observational and epidemiological facts to the proposal of molecular mechanisms. First, epidemiological and postmortem human study data concerning residents of ozone-severely polluted megacities will be presented and discussed. Then, the more particular role of ozone air pollution in AD pathology will be described and evidenced by toxicological studies in rat or mouse with ozone pollution exposure only. The experimental paradigms used to reproduce in rodent the human exposure to ozone air pollution will be described. Finally, current insights into the molecular mechanisms through which ozone inhalation can affect the brain and play a role in AD development or progression will be recapitulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine L Croze
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CNRS, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - Luc Zimmer
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CNRS, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, CERMEP-Imaging Platform, Bron, France
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Schraufnagel DE, Balmes JR, Cowl CT, De Matteis S, Jung SH, Mortimer K, Perez-Padilla R, Rice MB, Riojas-Rodriguez H, Sood A, Thurston GD, To T, Vanker A, Wuebbles DJ. Air Pollution and Noncommunicable Diseases: A Review by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies' Environmental Committee, Part 1: The Damaging Effects of Air Pollution. Chest 2018; 155:409-416. [PMID: 30419235 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution poses a great environmental risk to health. Outdoor fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm) exposure is the fifth leading risk factor for death in the world, accounting for 4.2 million deaths and > 103 million disability-adjusted life years lost according to the Global Burden of Disease Report. The World Health Organization attributes 3.8 million additional deaths to indoor air pollution. Air pollution can harm acutely, usually manifested by respiratory or cardiac symptoms, as well as chronically, potentially affecting every organ in the body. It can cause, complicate, or exacerbate many adverse health conditions. Tissue damage may result directly from pollutant toxicity because fine and ultrafine particles can gain access to organs, or indirectly through systemic inflammatory processes. Susceptibility is partly under genetic and epigenetic regulation. Although air pollution affects people of all regions, ages, and social groups, it is likely to cause greater illness in those with heavy exposure and greater susceptibility. Persons are more vulnerable to air pollution if they have other illnesses or less social support. Harmful effects occur on a continuum of dosage and even at levels below air quality standards previously considered to be safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean E Schraufnagel
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
| | - John R Balmes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Clayton T Cowl
- Divisions of Preventive, Occupational, and Aerospace Medicine, and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sara De Matteis
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soon-Hee Jung
- Department of Pathology, Wonju Colleage of Medicine Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kevin Mortimer
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mary B Rice
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Akshay Sood
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM
| | - George D Thurston
- Departments of Environmental Medicine and Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Teresa To
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anessa Vanker
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health & MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Donald J Wuebbles
- School of Earth, Society, and Environment, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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46
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Activity of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in acute brain oxidative damage induced by ozone exposure. Nitric Oxide 2018; 75:42-52. [PMID: 29454052 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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47
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McCant D, Lange S, Haney J, Honeycutt M. The perpetuation of the misconception that rats receive a 3-5 times lower lung tissue dose than humans at the same ozone concentration. Inhal Toxicol 2017; 29:187-196. [PMID: 28697635 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1323982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper highlights the pervasive misconception concerning 1994 findings from Hatch et al. about ozone (O3) tissue dose in humans versus rats. That study exposed humans to 0.4 ppm and rats to 2 ppm 18O-labeled O3 and found comparable incorporation of 18O into bronchoalveolar lavage constituents. However, during O3 exposure humans were exercising, which increased their ventilation rate five-fold, while rats were at rest. This resulted in similar O3 tissue doses between the two species, and predominantly explained the comparable 18O incorporation at five-fold different concentrations. The five-times higher exercising human inhalation rate offset the five-times lower concentration, producing the same human dose expected at rest at 2 ppm (i.e. 0.4 ppm × 4686 L/2 hour ≈ 2 ppm × 998 L/2 hour). In 2013, Hatch et al. showed that resting humans and resting rats experienced fairly comparable 18O incorporation at the same O3 exposure concentration and activity state into BALF cells. Despite these findings, we show here that in the peer-reviewed literature a substantial proportion of researchers continue to perpetuate the misunderstanding that human lung tissue doses of O3 are simply 3-5 times greater than rat doses at the same O3 concentration, due to interspecies differences, and not considering activity state. It is important to correct this misconception to ensure an appropriate understanding of the implications of O3 studies by the scientific community and policy experts making regulatory decisions (e.g. the US Environmental Protection Agency's National Ambient Air Quality Standards for O3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell McCant
- a Toxicology Division , Texas Commission on Environmental Quality , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Sabine Lange
- a Toxicology Division , Texas Commission on Environmental Quality , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Joseph Haney
- a Toxicology Division , Texas Commission on Environmental Quality , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Michael Honeycutt
- a Toxicology Division , Texas Commission on Environmental Quality , Austin , TX , USA
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Wong TY. Smog induces oxidative stress and microbiota disruption. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25:235-244. [PMID: 28911664 PMCID: PMC9332540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Smog is created through the interactions between pollutants in the air, fog, and sunlight. Air pollutants, such as carbon monoxide, heavy metals, nitrogen oxides, ozone, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic vapors, and particulate matters, can induce oxidative stress in human directly or indirectly through the formation of reactive oxygen species. The outermost boundary of human skin and mucous layers are covered by a complex network of human-associated microbes. The relation between these microbial communities and their human host are mostly mutualistic. These microbes not only provide nutrients, vitamins, and protection against other pathogens, they also influence human’s physical, immunological, nutritional, and mental developments. Elements in smog can induce oxidative stress to these microbes, leading to community collapse. Disruption of these mutualistic microbiota may introduce unexpected health risks, especially among the newborns and young children. Besides reducing the burning of fossil fuels as the ultimate solution of smog formation, advanced methods by using various physical, chemical, and biological means to reduce sulfur and nitrogen contains in fossil fuels could lower smog formation. Additionally, information on microbiota disruption, based on functional genomics, culturomics, and general ecological principles, should be included in the risk assessment of prolonged smog exposure to the health of human populations.
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Xu C, Fan YN, Kan HD, Chen RJ, Liu JH, Li YF, Zhang Y, Ji AL, Cai TJ. The Novel Relationship between Urban Air Pollution and Epilepsy: A Time Series Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161992. [PMID: 27571507 PMCID: PMC5003346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The data concerning the association between environmental pollution and epilepsy attacks are limited. The aim of this study was to explore the association between acute air pollution exposure and epilepsy attack. Methods A hospital record-based study was carried out in Xi’an, a heavily-polluted metropolis in China. Daily baseline data were obtained. Time-series Poisson regression models were applied to analyze the association between air pollution and epilepsy. Results A 10 μg/m3 increase of NO2, SO2, and O3 concentrations corresponded to 3.17% (95%Cl: 1.41%, 4.93%), 3.55% (95%Cl: 1.93%, 5.18%), and -0.84% (95%Cl: -1.58%, 0.09%) increase in outpatient-visits for epilepsy on the concurrent days, which were significantly influenced by sex and age. The effects of NO2 and SO2 would be stronger when adjusted for PM2.5. As for O3, a -1.14% (95%Cl: -1.90%, -0.39%) decrease was evidenced when adjusted for NO2. The lag models showed that the most significant effects were evidenced on concurrent days. Conclusions We discovered previously undocumented relationships between short-term air pollution exposure and epilepsy: while NO2 and SO2 were positively associated with outpatient-visits of epilepsy, O3 might be associated with reduced risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Ni Fan
- Information Department Medical Record Room, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hai-Dong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-Jie Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Liu
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ya-Fei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ai-Ling Ji
- School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- * E-mail: ; (TJC); (ALJ)
| | - Tong-Jian Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: ; (TJC); (ALJ)
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Mishra V, DiAngelo SL, Silveyra P. Sex-specific IL-6-associated signaling activation in ozone-induced lung inflammation. Biol Sex Differ 2016; 7:16. [PMID: 26949510 PMCID: PMC4779258 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-016-0069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute ozone (O3) exposure has known deleterious effects on the respiratory system and has been linked with respiratory disease and infection. Inflammatory lung disease induced by air pollution has demonstrated greater severity and poorer prognosis in women vs. men. Both severe damage to the bronchial-alveolar epithelium and malfunctioning of bronchial-blood barrier have been largely attributed to the pathobiology of O3-induced inflammatory response, but the associated mechanisms in the male and female lung remain unknown. Methods Here, we investigated sex-based differential regulation of lung interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its downstream signaling pathways JAK2/STAT3 and AKT1/NF-κB in response to O3 exposure in a mouse model. We exposed male and female mice (in different stages of the estrous cycle) to 2 ppm of O3 or filtered air (FA) for 3 h, and we harvested lung tissue for protein expression analysis by Western blot. Results We found significant up-regulation of IL-6 and IL-6R in females and IL-6 in males in response to O3 vs. FA. Ozone exposure induced a significant increase in STAT3-Y705 phosphorylation in both females and males. Males exposed to O3 had decreased levels of JAK2, but increased JAK2 (Y1007+Y1008) phosphorylation, while females exposed to O3 showed significant up-regulation of both proteins. Both NF-κB (p105/p50) and AKT1 protein levels were significantly increased only in females exposed to O3. In addition, females exposed to O3 during proestrus displayed increased expression of selected genes when compared to females exposed to O3 in other estrous cycle stages. Conclusions Together, our observations indicate a sex-based and estrous cycle-dependent differential lung inflammatory response to O3 and involvement of two converging JAK2/STAT3 and AKT1/NF-κB pathways. To our knowledge, this is the first study specifically addressing the impact of the estrous cycle in O3-associated lung inflammatory pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13293-016-0069-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, H085, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Susan L DiAngelo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, H085, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, H085, Hershey, PA 17033 USA ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
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