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Maaß H, Ynga-Durand M, Milošević M, Krstanović F, Matešić MP, Žuža I, Jonjić S, Brizić I, Šustić A, Bloos F, Protić A, Čičin-Šain L. Serum cytokine dysregulation signatures associated with COVID-19 outcomes in high mortality intensive care unit cohorts across pandemic waves and variants. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13605. [PMID: 38871772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the systemic cytokine signature of critically ill COVID-19 patients in a high mortality setting aiming to identify biomarkers of severity, and to explore their associations with viral loads and clinical characteristics. We studied two COVID-19 critically ill patient cohorts from a referral centre located in Central Europe. The cohorts were recruited during the pre-alpha/alpha (November 2020 to April 2021) and delta (end of 2021) period respectively. We determined both the serum and bronchoalveolar SARS-CoV-2 viral load and identified the variant of concern (VoC) involved. Using a cytokine multiplex assay, we quantified systemic cytokine concentrations and analyzed their relationship with clinical findings, routine laboratory workup and pulmonary function data obtained during the ICU stay. Patients who did not survive had a significantly higher systemic and pulmonary viral load. Patients infected with the pre-alpha VoC showed a significantly lower viral load in comparison to those infected with the alpha- and delta-variants. Levels of systemic CTACK, M-CSF and IL-18 were significantly higher in non-survivors in comparison to survivors. CTACK correlated directly with APACHE II scores. We observed differences in lung compliance and the association between cytokine levels and pulmonary function, dependent on the VoC identified. An intra-cytokine analysis revealed a loss of correlation in the non-survival group in comparison to survivors in both cohorts. Critically ill COVID-19 patients exhibited a distinct systemic cytokine profile based on their survival outcomes. CTACK, M-CSF and IL-18 were identified as mortality-associated analytes independently of the VoC involved. The Intra-cytokine correlation analysis suggested the potential role of a dysregulated systemic network of inflammatory mediators in severe COVID-19 mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Maaß
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture of Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mario Ynga-Durand
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture of Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marko Milošević
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Reanimation, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Fran Krstanović
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Proteomics, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Iva Žuža
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Proteomics, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ilija Brizić
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Proteomics, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Alan Šustić
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Reanimation, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Clinical Medical Science II, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Frank Bloos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Alen Protić
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Reanimation, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Luka Čičin-Šain
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture of Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Rautenschlein S, Schat KA. The Immunological Basis for Vaccination. Avian Dis 2024; 67:366-379. [PMID: 38300658 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-99996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination is crucial for health protection of poultry and therefore important to maintaining high production standards. Proper vaccination requires knowledge of the key players of the well-orchestrated immune system of birds, their interdependence and delicate regulation, and, subsequently, possible modes of stimulation through vaccine antigens and adjuvants. The knowledge about the innate and acquired immune systems of birds has increased significantly during the recent years but open questions remain and have to be elucidated further. Despite similarities between avian and mammalian species in their composition of immune cells and modes of activation, important differences exist, including differences in the innate, but also humoral and cell-mediated immunity with respect to, for example, signaling transduction pathways, antigen presentation, and cell repertoires. For a successful vaccination strategy in birds it always has to be considered that genotype and age of the birds at the time point of immunization as well as their microbiota composition may have an impact and may drive the immune reactions into different directions. Recent achievements in the understanding of the concept of trained immunity will contribute to the advancement of current vaccine types helping to improve protection beyond the specificity of an antigen-driven immune response. The fast developments in new omics technologies will provide insights into protective B- and T-cell epitopes involved in cross-protection, which subsequently will lead to the improvement of vaccine efficacy in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Clinic for Poultry, Hannover, Lower Saxony 30559, Germany,
| | - Karel A Schat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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Rubio-Casillas A, Gupta RC, Redwa EM, Uversky VN, Badierah R. Early taurine administration as a means for halting the cytokine storm progression in COVID-19 patients. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Around the world, more than 6.2 million individuals have died as a result of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). According to a recent survey conducted among immunologists, epidemiologists, and virologists, this disease is expected to become endemic. This implies that the disease could have a continuous presence and/or normal frequency in the population. Pharmacological interventions to prevent infection, as well as to treat the patients at an early phase of illness to avoid hospitalization are essential additions to the vaccines. Taurine is known to inhibit the generation of all inflammatory mediators linked to the cytokine storm. It can also protect against lung injury by suppressing increased oxidants production and promoting the resolution of the inflammatory process. Neutrophil lactoferrin degranulation stimulated by taurine may have antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2, limiting viral replication. It is hypothesized that if taurine is administered early in the onset of COVID-19 disease, it may stop the cytokine storm from progressing, lowering morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rubio-Casillas
- 1Autlán Regional Hospital, Health Secretariat, Autlán, Jalisco 48900, Mexico 2Biology Laboratory, Autlán Regional High School, University of Guadalajara, Autlán, Jalisco 48900, Mexico
| | - Ramesh C. Gupta
- 3School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema 797004, India
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwa
- 4Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 5Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- 6Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Raied Badierah
- 7Medical Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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