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Hari Narayana Moorthy NS, Sousa SF, Ramos MJ, Fernandes PA. Structural feature study of benzofuran derivatives as farnesyltransferase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 26:777-91. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.552885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. S. Hari Narayana Moorthy
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sergio F. Sousa
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Ramos
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro A. Fernandes
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
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2
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Fletcher S, Keaney EP, Cummings CG, Blaskovich MA, Hast MA, Glenn MP, Chang SY, Bucher CJ, Floyd RJ, Katt WP, Gelb MH, Van Voorhis WC, Beese LS, Sebti SM, Hamilton AD. Structure-based design and synthesis of potent, ethylenediamine-based, mammalian farnesyltransferase inhibitors as anticancer agents. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6867-88. [PMID: 20822181 DOI: 10.1021/jm1001748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A potent class of anticancer, human farnesyltransferase (hFTase) inhibitors has been identified by "piggy-backing" on potent, antimalarial inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum farnesyltransferase (PfFTase). On the basis of a 4-fold substituted ethylenediamine scaffold, the inhibitors are structurally simple and readily derivatized, facilitating the extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) study reported herein. Our most potent inhibitor is compound 1f, which exhibited an in vitro hFTase IC(50) value of 25 nM and a whole cell H-Ras processing IC(50) value of 90 nM. Moreover, it is noteworthy that several of our inhibitors proved highly selective for hFTase (up to 333-fold) over the related prenyltransferase enzyme geranylgeranyltransferase-I (GGTase-I). A crystal structure of inhibitor 1a co-crystallized with farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) in the active site of rat FTase illustrates that the para-benzonitrile moiety of 1a is stabilized by a π-π stacking interaction with the Y361β residue, suggesting a structural explanation for the observed importance of this component of our inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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3
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Lu A, Zhang J, Yin X, Luo X, Jiang H. Farnesyltransferase pharmacophore model derived from diverse classes of inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:243-9. [PMID: 17049856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Revised: 09/03/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional pharmacophore model was developed based on 25 currently available inhibitors, which were carefully selected with great diversity in both molecular structure and bioactivity as required by HypoGen program in the Catalyst software, for discovering new farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitors. The best hypothesis (Hypo1), consisting of four features, namely, two hydrogen-bond acceptors, one hydrophobic point, and one ring aromatic feature, has a correlation coefficient of 0.949, a root-mean-square deviation of 1.321, and a cost difference of 163.15, suggesting that a highly predictive pharmacophore model was successfully obtained. The application of the model shows great success in predicting the activities of 227 known FTase inhibitors in our test set with a correlation coefficient of 0.776 with a cross-validation of 98% confidence level. Accordingly, our model should be reliable in identifying structurally diverse compounds with desired biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Lu
- JiangSu Simcere Pharmaceutical Research Company Ltd. 210042 Nanjing, China
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4
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Guida WC, Hamilton AD, Crotty JW, Sebti SM. Protein farnesyltransferase: Flexible docking studies on inhibitors using computational modeling. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2006; 19:871-85. [PMID: 16607571 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-005-9030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using MacroModel, peptide, peptidomimetic and non-peptidomimetic inhibitors of the zinc metalloenzyme, farnesyltransferase (FTase), were docked into the enzyme binding site. Inhibitor flexibility, farnesyl pyrophosphate substrate flexibility, and partial protein flexibility were taken into account in these docking studies. In addition to CVFM and CVIM, as well as our own inhibitors FTI-276 and FTI-2148, we have docked other farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) including Zarnestra, which presently is in advanced clinical trials. The AMBER* force field was employed, augmented with parameters that were derived for zinc. A single binding site model that was derived from the crystal structure of CVFM complexed with farnesyltransferase and farnesylpyrophosphate was used for these studies. The docking results using the lowest energy structure from the simulation, or one of the lowest energy structures, were generally in excellent agreement with the X-ray structures. One of the most important findings of this study is that numerous alternative conformations for the methionine side chain can be accommodated by the enzyme suggesting that the methionine pocket can tolerate groups larger than methionine at the C-terminus of the tetrapeptide and suggesting alternative locations for the placement of side chains that may improve potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne C Guida
- Drug Discovery Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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5
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Cattaneo D, Baldelli S, Merlini S, Zenoni S, Perico N, Remuzzi G. Therapeutic use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: current practice and future perspectives. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.14.11.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Mitsch A, Altenkämper M, Sattler I, Schlitzer M. Non-Thiol Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors: Utilization of the Far Aryl Binding Site by Arylthienylacryloylaminobenzophenones. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2005; 338:9-17. [PMID: 15674808 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200400886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We recently described two novel aryl binding sites of farnesyltransferase. The 4- and 5-arylsubstituted thienylacryloyl moieties turned out as appropriate substituents for our benzophenone-based AAX-peptidomimetic capable for occupying the far aryl binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mitsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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7
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Kettler K, Wiesner J, Silber K, Haebel P, Ortmann R, Sattler I, Dahse HM, Jomaa H, Klebe G, Schlitzer M. Non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors: N-(4-aminoacylamino-3-benzoylphenyl)-3-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2 furyl]acrylic acid amides and their antimalarial activity. Eur J Med Chem 2005; 40:93-101. [PMID: 15642414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2004] [Revised: 09/01/2004] [Accepted: 09/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Water solubility was previously found to be essential for in vivo-antimalarial activity of a novel type of benzophenone-based farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Introduction of a alpha-amino group into the phenylacetic acid substructure provided more soluble compounds with high farnesyltransferase inhibitory activity. The in vitro-antimalarial activity was detrimentally influenced by this structural modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kettler
- Department für Pharmazie, Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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8
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Goossens L, Deweer S, Pommery J, Hénichart JP, Goossens JF. Spectroscopic study of fluorescent peptides for prenyl transferase assays. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 37:417-22. [PMID: 15740898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2003] [Revised: 11/02/2004] [Accepted: 11/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A study of the prenyl transferase reactions was performed by fluorescence using rat brain cytosol fractions as an enzyme source. Four dansylated peptides corresponding to the C-terminal sequence of Ras isoforms were synthesised. The effects of different detergents on the farnesylation or geranylgeranylation of the four peptides were evaluated. Dose-dependent effects of dodecyl-maltoside, a non-ionic detergent, on the farnesyl transferase or geranylgeranyl transferase activities were observed with all peptide substrates. Additionally, the effect of temperature was investigated and these assays were applied to determine Michaelis-Menten constants (K(m)) of the substrates: dansyl-GCVLS (1.8 microM), dansyl-GCVVM (3.2 microM), dansyl-CVIM (3.4 microM) and dansyl-GCVLL (8.4 microM) and FPP (22.6 microM) for FTase activity. Using GGPP as co-substrate, GGTase activity was measured with K(m) values superior to 50 microM for all the three substrate dansyl-GCVLS, dansyl-GCVVM, or dansyl-CVIM, whereas values of 7.6 and 5.4 microM were calculated for the dansyl-GCVLL sequence and GGPP co-substrate, respectively. IC50 values of selective prenyl transferase inhibitors, B-581, FTI 276 and GGTI 287 have been measured to 34, 0.8 and 18 nM, respectively, using dansyl-GCVLS as substrate (FTase inhibition). When dansyl-GCVLL is used as substrate (GGTase inhibition) the IC50 values are 5100, 75 and 5 nM for B-581, FTI 276 and GGTI 287, respectively. Then, this developed method allowed to evaluate the selectivity of all the three inhibitors tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Goossens
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, EA 2692, Université de Lille 2, rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille, France
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9
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Mitsch A, Wissner P, Silber K, Haebel P, Sattler I, Klebe G, Schlitzer M. Non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors: N-(4-tolylacetylamino-3-benzoylphenyl)-3-arylfurylacrylic acid amides. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:4585-600. [PMID: 15358286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2004] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have designed arylfurylacryl-substituted benzophenones as non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors utilizing a novel aryl binding site of farnesyltransferase. These compounds display activity in the low nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mitsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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10
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Liu XH, Prestwich GD. Didehydrofarnesyl diphosphate: an intrinsically fluorescent inhibitor of protein farnesyltransferase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:2137-40. [PMID: 15080995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2003] [Accepted: 02/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Didehydrofarnesyl diphosphate (delta delta FPP), a fluorescent pentaene analogue of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), was synthesized using stereoselective Wittig reactions. Although delta delta FPP was not an alternative substrate for yeast protein farnesyltransferase (FTase), the fluorescent analogue was a potent competitive inhibitor with a K(i) value of 8.8 microM (K (m) (FPP) = 27 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1257, USA
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11
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Synthetic studies of kampanols, novel p21ras farnesyltransferase inhibitors: an efficient synthesis of the tetracyclic ABCD ring system of kampanols. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Lobell RB, Davide JP, Kohl NE, Burns HD, Eng WS, Gibson RE. A cell-based radioligand binding assay for farnesyl: protein transferase inhibitors. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING 2003; 8:430-8. [PMID: 14567795 DOI: 10.1177/1087057103256153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Farnesyl:protein transferase (FPTase) catalyzes the covalent addition of the isoprenyl moiety of farnesylpyrophosphate to the C-terminus of the Ras oncoprotein and other cellular proteins. Inhibitors of FPTase (FTIs) have been developed as potential anticancer agents, and several compounds have been evaluated in clinical trials. To facilitate the identification of cell-active FTIs with high potency, the authors developed a method that uses a radiolabeled FTI that serves as a ligand in competitive displacement assays. Using high-affinity [(3)H]-labeled or [(125)I]-labeled FTI radioligands, they show that specific binding to FPTase can be detected in intact cells. Binding of these labeled FTI radioligands can be competed with a variety of structurally diverse FTIs, and the authors show that inhibition of FTI radioligand binding correlates well with inhibition of FPTase substrate prenylation in cells. This method provides a rapid and quantitative means of assessing FTI potency in cells and is useful for guiding the discovery of potent, novel inhibitors of FPTase. Similar methods could be employed in the optimization of inhibitors for other intracellular drug targets.
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13
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Thutewohl M, Kissau L, Popkirova B, Karaguni IM, Nowak T, Bate M, Kuhlmann J, Müller O, Waldmann H. Identification of mono- and bisubstrate inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase and inducers of apoptosis from a pepticinnamin E library. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:2617-26. [PMID: 12757727 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A library of 51 analogues of the naturally occurring protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor pepticinnamin E was investigated biologically. Several compounds with pronounced inhibitory activity were discovered with the lowest IC(50) value reaching 1 microM. The library contains inhibitors which are competitive to either farnesylpyrophosphate or the peptide substrate and a bisubstrate inhibitor. This activity is supported and rationalized by molecular modelling experiments and different binding modes of the inhibitors deduced from them. Several compounds induced apoptosis in a Ras-transformed tumour cell line, and in one case this correlated with farnesyltransferase-inhibiting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Thutewohl
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie, Abt. Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, D-44227 Dortmund und Fachbereich 3, Organische Chemie, Universität Dortmund, Germany
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14
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Gwaltney SL, O'Connor SJ, Nelson LTJ, Sullivan GM, Imade H, Wang W, Hasvold L, Li Q, Cohen J, Gu WZ, Tahir SK, Bauch J, Marsh K, Ng SC, Frost DJ, Zhang H, Muchmore S, Jakob CG, Stoll V, Hutchins C, Rosenberg SH, Sham HL. Aryl tetrahydropyridine inhibitors of farnesyltransferase: glycine, phenylalanine and histidine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:1359-62. [PMID: 12657282 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of farnesyltransferase are effective against a variety of tumors in mouse models of cancer. Clinical trials to evaluate these agents in humans are ongoing. In our effort to develop new farnesyltransferase inhibitors, we have discovered a series of aryl tetrahydropyridines that incorporate substituted glycine, phenylalanine and histidine residues. The design, synthesis, SAR and biological properties of these compounds will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Gwaltney
- Pharmaceutical Discovery, R47B, Building AP-10, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6101, USA.
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15
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Kettler K, Sakowski J, Silber K, Sattler I, Klebe G, Schlitzer M. Non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors: N-(4-acylamino-3-benzoylphenyl)-3-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-furyl]acrylic acid amides. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:1521-30. [PMID: 12705292 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We have designed the nitrophenylfurylacryl-substituted benzophenone 4f as a non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitor utilizing a novel aryl binding site of farnesyltransferase. Variation of the 2-acylamino substituent at the benzophenone core structure of our initial lead 4f yielded several non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors with improved activity. These compounds display activity in the low nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kettler
- Department für Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr, München, Germany
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16
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DePuy ME, Musson DG, Yu S, Fisher AL. LC-MS/MS determination of a farnesyl transferase inhibitor in human plasma and urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 30:1157-71. [PMID: 12408906 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To support clinical pharmacokinetic studies in cancer patients, sensitive and specific methods for measuring 4-[1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-5-imidazolylmethyl]-1-(3-chlorophenyl) piperazinone (I), a farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI), in human plasma and urine were developed and validated. The methods are based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) detection in the positive ion mode using a heated nebulizer interface. Drug and internal standard were isolated from plasma or basified urine using automated solid-phase extraction on cyano cartridges. The organic extracts were dried, reconstituted in aqueous acetonitrile and injected into the system. Chromatographic separation of I and internal standard (IS) was achieved using a BDS Hypersil C8 analytical column, with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile:methanol:water (50:4:46) and trifluoroacetic acid (0.05%) at a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min. MS/MS detection was performed on a PE-Sciex API 300 tandem mass spectrometer operated in selected reaction monitoring mode. The parent-->product ions monitored were m/z 406-->195 for analyte I and m/z 448-->195 for the internal standard. Unusual in this method is that quantitation is accomplished using a secondary product ion, m/z 195, of drug I and IS. The assays were validated over the concentration range of 0.5-1000 ng/ml (1.2 nM to 2.5 microM, respectively) in plasma, and 2.5-500 ng/ml (6.2 nM to 1.23 microM) in urine. Accuracy was within +/-10% of nominal concentration at all levels in urine, and all but the lowest standard in plasma (+/-14% at 0.5 ng/ml). Intraday precision (expressed as coefficients of variation, CVs) for standard replicates and interday precision for quality control (QC) samples were less than 8% at all concentrations in both matrices. Detailed descriptions of the extraction procedure and analytical methodology used in the assay of I in plasma and urine are presented. This procedure may have utility in the quantitation of other imidazole-based FTIs with cyanobenzyl substructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E DePuy
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, WP75A-303, 19486, West Point, PA, USA
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17
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Mitsch A, Böhm M, Wissner P, Sattler I, Schlitzer M. Non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors: utilization of an aryl binding site by 5-arylacryloylaminobenzophenones. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:2657-62. [PMID: 12057654 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We recently described a novel aryl binding site of farnesyltransferase. The 2-naphthylacryloyl residue was developed as an appropriate substituent for our benzophenone-based AAX-peptidomimetic capable of occupying this binding site, resulting in a non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitor with nanomolar activity. The activity of this inhibitor is readily explained on the basis of docking studies which show the 2-naphthyl residue fitting into the aryl binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mitsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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18
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Nguyen DN, Stump CA, Walsh ES, Fernandes C, Davide JP, Ellis-Hutchings M, Robinson RG, Williams TM, Lobell RB, Huber HE, Buser CA. Potent inhibitors of farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase-I. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1269-73. [PMID: 11965368 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Compound 1 has been shown to be a dual prenylation inhibitor with FPTase (IC50=2 nM) and GGPTase-I (IC50=95 nM). Analogues of 1, which replaced the cyanophenyl group with various biaryls, led to the discovery of highly potent dual FPTase/GGPTase-I inhibitors. 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, trifluoropentynyl, and trifluoropentyl were identified as good p-cyano replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diem N Nguyen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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19
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Beshore DC, Dinsmore CJ. Preparation of substituted piperazinones via tandem reductive amination-(N,N'-acyl transfer)-cyclization. Org Lett 2002; 4:1201-4. [PMID: 11922818 DOI: 10.1021/ol025644l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A one-pot, tandem reductive amination-transamidation-cyclization reaction was employed to produce substituted piperazin-2-ones in good yields. Various amino acid methyl esters and transferable acyl groups were examined to establish the reaction's scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Beshore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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20
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Beshore DC, Bell IM, Dinsmore CJ, Homnick CF, Culberson JC, Robinson RG, Fernandes C, Walsh ES, Abrams MT, Bhimnathwala HG, Davide JP, Ellis-Hutchings MS, Huber HA, Koblan KS, Buser CA, Kohl NE, Lobell RB, Chen IW, McLoughlin DA, Olah TV, Graham SL, Hartman GD, Williams TM. Evaluation of amino acid-based linkers in potent macrocyclic inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1817-21. [PMID: 11459639 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of amino acid-based linkers was used to investigate the effects of various substituents upon the potency, pharmacokinetic properties, and conformation of macrocyclic farnesyl-protein transferase inhibitors (FTIs). As a result of the studies described herein, highly potent FTIs with improved pharmacokinetic profiles have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Beshore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PA 19486, West Point, USA.
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21
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Bergman JM, Abrams MT, Davide JP, Greenberg IB, Robinson RG, Buser CA, Huber HE, Koblan KS, Kohl NE, Lobell RB, Graham SL, Hartman GD, Williams TM, Dinsmore CJ. Aryloxy substituted N-arylpiperazinones as dual inhibitors of farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase-I. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1411-5. [PMID: 11378366 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of aryloxy substituted piperazinones with dual farnesyltransferase/geranylgeranyltransferase-I inhibitory activity was prepared. These compounds were found to have potent inhibitory activity in vitro and are promising agents for the inhibition of Ki-Ras signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Bergman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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