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Mesoporous polymer network produced from N-vinylpyrrolidone and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate as potential macromolecularly imprinted material and oligopeptide carrier. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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2
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Nozawa D, Chaki S, Nakazato A. Recent advances in the development of melanocortin-4 receptor ligands. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.18.4.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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3
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Ujjainwalla F, Warner D, Snedden C, Grisson RD, Walsh TF, Wyvratt MJ, Kalyani RN, Macneil T, Tang R, Weinberg DH, Van der Ploeg L, Goulet MT. Design and syntheses of melanocortin subtype-4 receptor agonists. Part 2: Discovery of the dihydropyridazinone motif. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4023-8. [PMID: 16005624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2005] [Revised: 04/09/2005] [Accepted: 06/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of the biological activity of a new class of non-peptidyl, pyridazinone derived human melanocortin subtype-4 receptor agonists is disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feroze Ujjainwalla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065-0900, USA.
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4
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Kopanchuk S, Veiksina S, Petrovska R, Mutule I, Szardenings M, Rinken A, Wikberg JES. Co-operative regulation of ligand binding to melanocortin receptor subtypes: Evidence for interacting binding sites. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 512:85-95. [PMID: 15840392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2004] [Revised: 01/26/2005] [Accepted: 02/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the binding the melanocyte stimulating hormone peptide analogue [125I]NDP-MSH to melanocortin receptors MC1, MC3, MC4 and MC5 in insect cell membranes produced by baculovirus expression systems. The presence of Ca2+ was found to be mandatory to achieve specific [125I]NDP-MSH binding to the melanocortin receptors. Although association kinetics of [125I]NDP-MSH followed the regularities of simple bimolecular reactions, the dissociation of [125I]NDP-MSH from the melanocortin receptors was heterogeneous. Eleven linear and cyclic MSH peptides studied displaced the [125I]NDP-MSH binding to the studied melanocortin receptors, with the shapes of their competition curves varying from biphasic or shallow to super-steep (Hill coefficients ranging from 0.4 to 1.5). Notably the same peptide often gave highly different patterns on different melanocortin receptor subtypes; e.g. the MC4 receptor selective antagonist HS131 gave a Hill coefficient of 1.5 on the MC1 receptor but 0.5-0.7 on the MC(3-5) receptors. Adding a mask of one of the peptides to block its high affinity binding did not prevent other competing peptides to yield biphasic competition curves. The data indicate that the binding of MSH peptides to melanocortin receptors are governed by a complex dynamic homotropic co-operative regulations.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Binding, Competitive/drug effects
- Calcium/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Iodine Radioisotopes
- Kinetics
- Ligands
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Peptides, Cyclic/metabolism
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Radioligand Assay
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/metabolism
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/metabolism
- Receptors, Melanocortin/metabolism
- Spodoptera
- Time Factors
- alpha-MSH/analogs & derivatives
- alpha-MSH/metabolism
- gamma-MSH/metabolism
- gamma-MSH/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Kopanchuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, BMC Box 591, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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2-Piperazinecarboxamides as potent and selective melanocortin subtype-4 receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1993-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2005] [Revised: 02/18/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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7
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Speake JD, Bishop MJ. Recent advances in the development of melanocortin-4 receptor agonists. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.12.11.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Palucki BL, Park MK, Nargund RP, Ye Z, Sebhat IK, Pollard PG, Kalyani RN, Tang R, Macneil T, Weinberg DH, Vongs A, Rosenblum CI, Doss GA, Miller RR, Stearns RA, Peng Q, Tamvakopoulos C, McGowan E, Martin WJ, Metzger JM, Shepherd CA, Strack AM, Macintyre DE, Van der Ploeg LHT, Patchett AA. Discovery of (2S)-N-[(1R)-2-[4-cyclohexyl-4-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]-1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-2-oxoethyl]-4-methyl-2-piperazinecarboxamide (MB243), a potent and selective melanocortin subtype-4 receptor agonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:171-5. [PMID: 15582434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Revised: 10/05/2004] [Accepted: 10/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report the discovery and optimization of substituted 2-piperazinecarboxamides as potent and selective agonists of the melanocortin subtype-4 receptor. Further in vivo development of lead agonist, MB243, is disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda L Palucki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065-0900, USA.
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9
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Mutulis F, Yahorava S, Mutule I, Yahorau A, Liepinsh E, Kopantshuk S, Veiksina S, Tars K, Belyakov S, Mishnev A, Rinken A, Wikberg JES. New substituted piperazines as ligands for melanocortin receptors. Correlation to the X-ray structure of "THIQ". J Med Chem 2004; 47:4613-26. [PMID: 15317471 DOI: 10.1021/jm0311285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of piperazine analogues of the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) specific small-molecule agonist "THIQ" was synthesized and characterized structurally and pharmacologically. First, several THIQ imitations lacking the triazole moiety were prepared. Syntheses included acylation of 4-phenylpiperazine or 4-cyclohexylpiperazine. In two cases the tertiary amine function was replaced by the corresponding N-oxide. To obtain more complex structures, a 4-substituted piperazine ring was formed by alkylation of the primary amino group of cyclohexane-derived amino alcohols with N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)benzylamine. The hydroxylic group of the intermediate was first activated with methanesulfonyl chloride, and the sulfonic ester formed in situ was introduced into the reaction with the sodium salt of 1,2,4-triazole. In one case (i.e., preparation of 23c) introduction of the 1,2,4-triazole moiety was performed at a carbon of the cyclohexane ring. In addition, this intermediate contained a piperazine moiety connected via its nitrogen atom to a cyclohexane ring carbon neighboring the reaction center. As established in NMR and X-ray investigations herein, this substitution proceeded with retention of the initial trans configuration of 1,2-disubstituted cyclohexane. To obtain pure enantiomers of 23c, its precursor 21c was subjected to chiral chromatography on a Chirobiotic V column. The derivatives (R,R)-21cand (S,S)-21c obtained were introduced into further syntheses steps, giving (R,R)-23c and (S,S)-23c, respectively. Melanocortin MC(1,3-5) receptor binding studies showed that all tested piperazine derivatives were active. Several compounds showed clear selectivity for MC4R, with submicromolar affinities being obtained. Among them, one substance, (R,R)-23c, displayed a biphasic curve in displacement of [125I]NDP-MSH on MC4R [K(i)high = 1 nM and K(i)low = 260 nM]. This biphasic competition curve was similarly biphasic to the competition curve obtained herein using THIQ. An X-ray study performed on crystals of the THIQ sulfate salt revealed two closely related conformations, which resemble the shape of the letter "Y", where piperidine and 4-chlorophenyl groups are situated close to each other, but the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline residue is remote, the triazole function being highly exposed to the environment. The crystals of the dinitrate salt of (R,R)-23c showed a different conformation, where parts of the molecule are spread out almost symmetrically around the central section. Molecular modeling, based on the THIQ crystal structure and the functional similarity of THIQ and (R,R)-23c, allowed us to suggest a possible "bioactive" conformation of (R,R)-23c that is similar to the crystal conformation of THIQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felikss Mutulis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Box 591, Biomedicum, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Ujjainwalla F, Warner D, Walsh TF, Wyvratt MJ, Zhou C, Yang L, Kalyani RN, MacNeil T, Van der Ploeg LHT, Rosenblum CI, Tang R, Vongs A, Weinberg DH, Goulet MT. Design and syntheses of melanocortin subtype-4 receptor agonists: evolution of the pyridazinone archetype. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 13:4431-5. [PMID: 14643340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and optimization of a new class of non-peptidyl, pyridazinone derived melanocortin subtype-4 receptor agonists is disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feroze Ujjainwalla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065-0900, USA.
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11
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Sharma HS, Lundstedt T, Flärdh M, Westman J, Post C, Skottner A. Low molecular weight compounds with affinity to melanocortin receptors exert neuroprotection in spinal cord injury--an experimental study in the rat. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2004; 86:399-405. [PMID: 14753476 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0651-8_84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The possibility that five new low molecular weight compounds with varying affinity and selectivity to the melanocortin receptors will exert neuroprotective effects in the spinal cord injury (SCI) induced edema formation and cell damage was examined in a rat model. A focal trauma of the rat spinal cord made by an incision into the right dorsal horn (T10-11) resulted in profound edema formation, leakage of Evans blue albumin and cell injury of the T9 segment at 5 h. Topical application of the Melacure compound ME10501 in high doses (10 microg in 10 microl) given 5 min after SCI resulted in most significant neuroprotection of the T9 segment of the cord compared to other compounds. Thus, marked reduction in water content, leakage of Evans blue albumin, and cell injury were observed in ME10501 treated traumatised rats. These observations suggest that the non-peptide compound ME10501 with affinity to the melanocortin receptor MC4 is capable to induce neuroprotection in the spinal cord following trauma not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Sharma
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Lapinsh M, Prusis P, Mutule I, Mutulis F, Wikberg JES. QSAR and proteo-chemometric analysis of the interaction of a series of organic compounds with melanocortin receptor subtypes. J Med Chem 2003; 46:2572-9. [PMID: 12801221 DOI: 10.1021/jm020945m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have created quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models describing the interaction of a series of 54 organic compounds with four melanocortin (MC) receptor subtypes, MC(1), MC(3), MC(4), and MC(5). In addition to traditional QSAR analysis, we applied our recently developed proteo-chemometrics approach. Proteo-chemometrics is based on the combined analysis of series of receptors and ligands, wherein descriptions of ligands, proteins, and so-called ligand-protein cross-terms are correlated with interaction activities. The compounds were characterized by structural descriptors, including three-dimensional grid-independent descriptors (GRINDs), topological descriptors, and geometrical descriptors. Description of receptors was obtained by computing the receptors' amino acid sequence identities. Both the QSAR and proteo-chemometrics approaches resulted in models with essentially the same statistical significance: the cross-validated correlation coefficient q(2) for the proteo-chemometric model being 0.71, while for the QSAR models the q(2)s were 0.75, 0.68, 0.63, and 0.71 for the MC(1), MC(3)(-)(5) receptor, respectively. However, the proteo-chemometrics modeling provided more detailed information about receptor-ligand interactions and determinants for receptor subtype selectivity than did QSAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maris Lapinsh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591 BMC, SE751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Wikberg JES, Mutulis F, Mutule I, Veiksina S, Lapinsh M, Petrovska R, Prusis P. Melanocortin receptors: ligands and proteochemometrics modeling. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 994:21-6. [PMID: 12851294 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb03158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin receptors exist in five subtypes, MC(1-5)R. These receptors participate in important regulations of the immune system, central behavior, and endocrine and exocrine glands. Here we provide a short review on MCR subtype selective peptides and organic compounds with activity on the MCRs, developed in our laboratory. Also provided is an overview of our new proteochemometric modeling technology, which has been applied to model the interaction of MSH peptides with the MCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E S Wikberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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14
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Herpin TF, Yu G, Carlson KE, Morton GC, Wu X, Kang L, Tuerdi H, Khanna A, Tokarski JS, Lawrence RM, Macor JE. Discovery of tyrosine-based potent and selective melanocortin-1 receptor small-molecule agonists with anti-inflammatory properties. J Med Chem 2003; 46:1123-6. [PMID: 12646021 DOI: 10.1021/jm025600i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin-1 receptor (MC-1R) is a G-protein-coupled receptor involved in inflammation and skin pigmentation. Compound 2 is the first highly potent and selective MC-1R small-molecule agonist reported. Compound 2 showed efficacy in an acute model of inflammation, which has demonstrated the role of MC-1R in modulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F Herpin
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
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15
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Mutulis F, Yahorava S, Mutule I, Yahorau A, Kopanchuk S, Veiksina S, Rinken A, Wikberg JES. A non-peptide radioiodinated high affinity melanocortin-4 receptor ligand. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chapter 4. Melanocortin-4 receptor agonists and antagonists: Chemistry and potential therapeutic utilities. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(03)38005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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17
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Cheung AWH, Danho W, Swistok J, Qi L, Kurylko G, Franco L, Yagaloff K, Chen L. Structure-activity relationship of linear peptide Bu-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Gly-NH(2) at the human melanocortin-1 and -4 receptors: arginine substitution. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2407-10. [PMID: 12161144 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of pentapeptides, based on Bu-His(6)-DPhe(7)-Arg(8)-Trp(9)-Gly(10)-NH(2) and modified at the Arg(8) position, was prepared and pharmacologically characterized. Peptides containing either cyanoguanidine or acylguanidine, two substantially less basic arginine surrogates, were found to retain the agonist activity of the parent peptide at both hMC1R and hMC4R. This study unequivocally shows that the positive charge of Arg(8) is not essential for efficient interactions of our pentapeptide with both hMC1R and hMC4R.
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MacNeil DJ, Howard AD, Guan X, Fong TM, Nargund RP, Bednarek MA, Goulet MT, Weinberg DH, Strack AM, Marsh DJ, Chen HY, Shen CP, Chen AS, Rosenblum CI, MacNeil T, Tota M, MacIntyre ED, Van der Ploeg LHT. The role of melanocortins in body weight regulation: opportunities for the treatment of obesity. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 450:93-109. [PMID: 12176114 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)01989-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Five G-protein-coupled melanocortin receptors (MC(1)-MC(5)) are expressed in mammalian tissues. The melanocortin receptors support diverse physiological functions, including the regulation of hair color, adrenal function, energy homeostasis, feed efficiency, sebaceous gland lipid production and immune and sexual function. The melanocortins (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), beta-MSH and gamma-MSH) are agonist peptide ligands for the melanocortin receptors and these peptides are processed from the pre-prohormone proopiomelanocortin (POMC). Peptide antagonists for the melanocortin MC(1), MC(3) and MC(4) receptors include agouti-related protein (AgRP) and agouti. Diverse lines of evidence, including genetic and pharmacological data obtained in rodents and humans, support a role for the melanocortin MC(3) and MC(4) receptors in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Recent advances in the development of potent and selective peptide and non-peptide melanocortin receptor ligands are anticipated to help unravel the roles for the melanocortin receptors in humans and to accelerate the clinical use of small molecule melanocortin mimetics.
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MacNeil DJ, Howard AD, Guan X, Fong TM, Nargund RP, Bednarek MA, Goulet MT, Weinberg DH, Strack AM, Marsh DJ, Chen HY, Shen CP, Chen AS, Rosenblum CI, MacNeil T, Tota M, MacIntyre ED, Van der Ploeg LHT. The role of melanocortins in body weight regulation: opportunities for the treatment of obesity. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 440:141-57. [PMID: 12007532 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)01425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Five G-protein-coupled melanocortin receptors (MC(1)-MC(5)) are expressed in mammalian tissues. The melanocortin receptors support diverse physiological functions, including the regulation of hair color, adrenal function, energy homeostasis, feed efficiency, sebaceous gland lipid production and immune and sexual function. The melanocortins (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), beta-MSH and gamma-MSH) are agonist peptide ligands for the melanocortin receptors and these peptides are processed from the pre-prohormone proopiomelanocortin (POMC). Peptide antagonists for the melanocortin MC(1), MC(3) and MC(4) receptors include agouti-related protein (AgRP) and agouti. Diverse lines of evidence, including genetic and pharmacological data obtained in rodents and humans, support a role for the melanocortin MC(3) and MC(4) receptors in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Recent advances in the development of potent and selective peptide and non-peptide melanocortin receptor ligands are anticipated to help unravel the roles for the melanocortin receptors in humans and to accelerate the clinical use of small molecule melanocortin mimetics.
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