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Balaban CD, Jacob RG, Furman JM. Neurologic bases for comorbidity of balance disorders, anxiety disorders and migraine: neurotherapeutic implications. Expert Rev Neurother 2011; 11:379-94. [PMID: 21375443 PMCID: PMC3107725 DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The comorbidity among balance disorders, anxiety disorders and migraine has been studied extensively from clinical and basic research perspectives. From a neurological perspective, the comorbid symptoms are viewed as the product of sensorimotor, interoceptive and cognitive adaptations that are produced by afferent interoceptive information processing, a vestibulo-parabrachial nucleus network, a cerebral cortical network (including the insula, orbitofrontal cortex, prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex), a raphe nuclear-vestibular network, a coeruleo-vestibular network and a raphe-locus coeruleus loop. As these pathways overlap extensively with pathways implicated in the generation, perception and regulation of emotions and affective states, the comorbid disorders and effective treatment modalities can be viewed within the contexts of neurological and psychopharmacological sites of action of current therapies.
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5-{2-[4-(2-Methyl-5-quinolinyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl}-2(1H)-quinolinones and 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinones: Dual-acting 5-HT1 receptor antagonists and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Part 3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:7092-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Leslie CP, Biagetti M, Bison S, Bromidge SM, Di Fabio R, Donati D, Falchi A, Garnier MJ, Jaxa-Chamiec A, Manchee G, Merlo G, Pizzi DA, Stasi LP, Tibasco J, Vong A, Ward SE, Zonzini L. Discovery of 1-(3-{2-[4-(2-Methyl-5-quinolinyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl}phenyl)-2-imidazolidinone (GSK163090), a Potent, Selective, and Orally Active 5-HT1A/B/D Receptor Antagonist. J Med Chem 2010; 53:8228-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100714c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin P. Leslie
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline SpA, Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Biagetti
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline SpA, Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Bison
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline SpA, Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Steven M. Bromidge
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, United Kingdom
| | - Romano Di Fabio
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline SpA, Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Daniele Donati
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline SpA, Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Falchi
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline SpA, Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Martine J. Garnier
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline SpA, Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Albert Jaxa-Chamiec
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline SpA, Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Gary Manchee
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline SpA, Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Merlo
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline SpA, Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Domenica A. Pizzi
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline SpA, Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Luigi P. Stasi
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline SpA, Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Jessica Tibasco
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline SpA, Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Vong
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, United Kingdom
| | - Simon E. Ward
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Zonzini
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline SpA, Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
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4
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Bromidge SM, Arban R, Bertani B, Bison S, Borriello M, Cavanni P, Dal Forno G, Di-Fabio R, Donati D, Fontana S, Gianotti M, Gordon LJ, Granci E, Leslie CP, Moccia L, Pasquarello A, Sartori I, Sava A, Watson JM, Worby A, Zonzini L, Zucchelli V. Design and Synthesis of Novel Tricyclic Benzoxazines as Potent 5-HT1A/B/D Receptor Antagonists Leading to the Discovery of 6-{2-[4-(2-methyl-5-quinolinyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl}-4H-imidazo[5,1-c][1,4]benzoxazine-3-carboxamide (GSK588045). J Med Chem 2010; 53:5827-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100482n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Bromidge
- Neurosciences CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Roberto Arban
- Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Barbara Bertani
- Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Silvia Bison
- Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Cavanni
- Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | | | - Romano Di-Fabio
- Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Daniele Donati
- Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Stefano Fontana
- Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Massimo Gianotti
- Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Laurie J. Gordon
- Neurosciences CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Enrica Granci
- Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Colin P. Leslie
- Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Luca Moccia
- Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Sartori
- Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Anna Sava
- Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Jeannette M. Watson
- Neurosciences CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Angela Worby
- Neurosciences CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Laura Zonzini
- Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, Verona 37135, Italy
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5
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Distribution of 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors in the inner ear. Brain Res 2010; 1346:92-101. [PMID: 20510890 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Migraine and anxiety disorders are frequently co-morbid with balance disorders. This study examined the relative distribution of subtypes of serotonin (5-HT) receptor in the inner ear of monkeys and rats. Most vestibular ganglion cells were immunoreactive for 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(1D) receptors in macaques and rats. In the inner ear, 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(1D) receptor immunopositivity was associated with endothelial cells of the vestibular ganglion, spiral ganglion, vestibulocochlear nerve, spiral ligament and stria vascularis. It was noteworthy that 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(1D) receptors are expressed in parallel sites in peripheral vestibular and trigeminal systems, which may be a factor underlying the efficacy of triptans in treating migraine and migrainous vertigo. Because the vestibular ganglion and trigeminal ganglion are both within the subarachnoid space, an interaction between 5-HT(1B) and TRPV1 receptors on blood vessel and ganglion cells may also contribute to the vasospasm and the comorbid headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting that accompany subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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7
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Bromidge SM, Bertani B, Borriello M, Bozzoli A, Faedo S, Gianotti M, Gordon LJ, Hill M, Zucchelli V, Watson JM, Zonzini L. 8-[2-(4-Aryl-1-piperazinyl)ethyl]-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-ones: Dual-acting 5-HT1 receptor antagonists and serotonin reuptake inhibitors—Part II. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2338-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Liu KG, Robichaud AJ. 5-HT6antagonists as potential treatment for cognitive dysfunction. Drug Dev Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Bromidge SM, Bertani B, Borriello M, Faedo S, Gordon LJ, Granci E, Hill M, Marshall HR, Stasi LP, Zucchelli V, Merlo G, Vesentini A, Watson JM, Zonzini L. 6-[2-(4-Aryl-1-piperazinyl)ethyl]-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-ones: Dual-acting 5-HT1 receptor antagonists and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5653-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Hamprecht D, Micheli F, Tedesco G, Checchia A, Donati D, Petrone M, Terreni S, Wood M. Isoindolone derivatives, a new class of 5-HT2C antagonists: Synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:428-33. [PMID: 17074479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Revised: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two independent approaches resulted in the identification of a series of isoindolone derivatives as potent and selective 5-HT2C antagonists. From a Medicinal Chemistry perspective this template was considered interesting as it allowed the incorporation of the carbon-carbon double bond of an earlier dihydropyrrolone series in an aromatic system within a comparatively simple and compact motif. Additionally an in silico screening approach of the corporate database using a 5-HT2C pharmacophore model resulted in the identification of a related structure containing this template. The strategy used to optimise potency at the target receptor and to improve the pharmacokinetic profile is described, resulting in molecules combining high potency with good selectivity and oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Hamprecht
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicine Research Centre, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy.
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11
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12
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Bymaster FP, McNamara RK, Tran PV. New approaches to developing antidepressants by enhancing monoaminergic neurotransmission. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2003; 12:531-43. [PMID: 12665410 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.12.4.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious illness with far reaching societal and economic ramifications. The monoamine-deficiency hypothesis that depressive symptoms are associated with reductions in monoamine neurotransmission, particularly serotonin and noradrenaline, is supported by both neurochemical findings and the successful treatment of MDD with compounds that enhance monoaminergic neurotransmission. This review focuses on novel compounds in different stages of development for the treatment of MDD that enhance monoaminergic neurotransmission via a number of different mechanisms, including re-uptake inhibition of one or more monoamines, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, the combination of monoamine antagonists with re-uptake inhibitors and monoamine receptor subtype agonists. Compounds that enhance individual monoamines have antidepressant properties and compounds that enhance multiple monoamines appear to have a synergistic antidepressant effect and potentially faster onset of action. The differing mechanisms of action possessed by these novel monoamine-enhancing compounds will offer greater treatment flexibility in the therapeutic management of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank P Bymaster
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285-0510, USA.
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Stuart JN, Zhang X, Jakubowski JA, Romanova EV, Sweedler JV. Serotonin catabolism depends upon location of release: characterization of sulfated and gamma-glutamylated serotonin metabolites in Aplysia californica. J Neurochem 2003; 84:1358-66. [PMID: 12614336 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin is a vital neurotransmitter for the functioning of the nervous system in species throughout the animal phyla. Despite its ubiquitous nature, the metabolism of this molecule has yet to be completely elucidated in even the most basic of organisms. Two novel serotonin catabolites, serotonin-O-sulfate and gamma-glu-serotonin-O-sulfate, are chemically characterized using capillary electrophoresis with wavelength-resolved fluorescence detection and electrospray mass spectrometry, and the formation of gamma-glu-serotonin in Aplysia californica is confirmed. These novel compounds appear to be synthesized enzymatically, and known mammalian enzymes exist for all serotonin transformations observed here. The pathway of serotonin inactivation depends upon the type of neuronal tissue subjected to neurotransmitter incubation, with assorted serotonin products observed in distinct locations. Initially demonstrated to be in the metacerebral cell (MCC) soma, the new serotonin metabolite serotonin-O-sulfate may contribute to important functions in the serotonergic system beyond simple serotonin inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey N Stuart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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14
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Farvolden P, Kennedy SH, Lam RW. Recent developments in the psychobiology and pharmacotherapy of depression: optimising existing treatments and novel approaches for the future. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2003; 12:65-86. [PMID: 12517255 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.12.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Effective antidepressants include monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and novel agents, including serotonin and noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors. Although effective, current treatments most often produce partial symptomatic improvement (response) rather than symptom resolution and optimal functioning (remission). While current pharmacotherapies target monoaminergic systems, different symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) may have distinct neurobiological underpinnings and other neurobiological systems are likely involved in the pathogenesis of MDD. In this article a review of current pharmacotherapeutic options for MDD, current understanding of the neurobiology and pathogenesis of MDD and a review of new and promising directions in pharmacological research will be provided. It is generally accepted that no single neurotransmitter or system is responsible for the dysregulation found in MDD. While agents that affect monoaminergic systems will likely continue to be first-line treatments for MDD for the foreseeable future, a number of new and novel agents, including corticotropin-releasing factor antagonists, substance P antagonists and antiglucocorticoids show considerable promise for refining treatment options. In order to better understand the neurobiology and treatment response of MDD, it is probable that more sophisticated theory-driven typologies of MDD will have to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Farvolden
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.
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