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Chen X, Wang X, Li C, Zhang Y, Feng S, Xu S. A scientometric analysis of research on the role of NMDA receptor in the treatment of depression. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1394730. [PMID: 38974036 PMCID: PMC11224522 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1394730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There have been numerous studies on NMDA receptors as therapeutic targets for depression. However, so far, there has been no comprehensive scientometric analysis of this field. Thus, we conducted a scientometric analysis with the aim of better elucidating the research hotspots and future trends in this field. Methods Publications on NMDAR in Depression between 2004 and 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Then, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Scimago Graphica, and R-bibliometrix-were used for the scientometric analysis and visualization. Results 5,092 qualified documents were identified to scientometric analysis. In the past 20 years, there has been an upward trend in the number of annual publications. The United States led the world in terms of international collaborations, publications, and citations. 15 main clusters were identified from the co-cited references analysis with notable modularity (Q-value = 0.7628) and silhouette scores (S-value = 0.9171). According to the keyword and co-cited references analysis, treatment-resistant depression ketamine (an NMDAR antagonist), oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, neuroplasticity related downstream factors like brain-derived neurotrophic factor were the research hotspots in recent years. Conclusion As the first scientometric analysis of NMDAR in Depression, this study shed light on the development, trends, and hotspots of research about NMDAR in Depression worldwide. The application and potential mechanisms of ketamine in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) are still a hot research topic at present. However, the side effects of NMDAR antagonist like ketamine have prompted research on new rapid acting antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shanwu Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiqin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Stachowicz K, Pańczyszyn-Trzewik P, Misztak P, Rzeźniczek S, Sowa-Kućma M. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition affects the ratio of GluN2A/GluN2B receptor subunits through interaction with mGluR5 in the mouse brain. Neuropeptides 2024; 104:102409. [PMID: 38244260 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs) are the most studied receptors in mammalian brains. Their role in depression, cognition, schizophrenia, learning and memorization, Alzheimer's disease, and more is well documented. In the search for new drug candidates in depression, intensive studies have been conducted. Compounds that act by influencing NMDARs have been particularly intensively investigated following the success of ketamine in clinics. Unfortunately, the side effects associated with ketamine do not allow it to be useful in all cases. Therefore, it is important to learn about new unknown mechanisms related to NMDAR activation and study the impact of changes in the excitatory synapse environment on this receptor. Both direct and intermediary influence on NMDARs via mGluRs and COX-2 are effective. Our prior studies showed that both mGluRs ligands and COX-2 inhibitors are potent in depression-like and cognitive studies through mutual interactions. The side effects associated with imipramine administration, e.g., memory impairment, were improved when inhibiting COX-2. Therefore, this study is a trial that involves searching for modifications in NMDARs in mouse brains after prolonged treatment with MTEP (mGluR5 antagonist), NS398 (COX-2 inhibitor), or imipramine (tricyclic antidepressant). The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC) were selected for PCR and Western blot analyses. Altered expression of Gin2a or Grin2b genes after treatment was found. The observed effects were more potent when COX-2 was inhibited. The finding described here may be vital when searching for new drugs acting via NMDARs without the side effects related to cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Stachowicz
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, Kraków 31-343, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Pańczyszyn-Trzewik
- Medical College of Rzeszów University, Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Human Physiology, 35-310 Rzeszow, Kopisto Street 2a, Poland
| | - Paulina Misztak
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | - Szymon Rzeźniczek
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kućma
- Medical College of Rzeszów University, Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Human Physiology, 35-310 Rzeszow, Kopisto Street 2a, Poland
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Mavragani A, Zomorrodi R, Kaster T, Voineskos D, Trevizol A, Blumberger D. Neural Correlates of the DEEPP (Anti-suicidal Response to Ketamine in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression) Study: Protocol for a Pilot, Open-Label Clinical Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e41013. [PMID: 36573651 PMCID: PMC9919457 DOI: 10.2196/41013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is among the top 10 leading causes of death worldwide. Of people who died by suicide, the majority are diagnosed with depression. It is estimated that 25%-60% of people with bipolar depression (BD) will attempt suicide at least once, and 10%-15% will die by suicide. Several treatments, such as lithium, clozapine, electroconvulsive therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy, have been shown to be effective in treating suicidality. However, these treatments can be difficult to tolerate or may take months to take effect. Ketamine, a glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, has been shown to have rapid antisuicidal effect and antidepressant qualities, and is thus a promising intervention to target acute suicidality in patients with BD. However, the biological mechanism underlying its therapeutic action remains poorly understood. Enhancing our understanding of underlying mechanisms of action for ketamine's effectiveness in reducing suicidality is critical to establishing biological markers of treatment response and developing tailored, personalized interventions for patients with BD. OBJECTIVE This is an open-label clinical trial to test the safety and feasibility of repeated ketamine infusions to treat acute suicidality. The primary objective is to test the safety and feasibility of ketamine intervention. The secondary objective is to examine ketamine's potential neurophysiological mechanisms of action by assessing cortical excitation and inhibition to determine potential biomarkers of clinical response. Other objectives are to evaluate the effect of ketamine on acute suicidality and other clinical outcomes, such as depressive symptoms and quality of life, to inform a future larger trial. METHODS This open-label clinical trial aims to test the safety and feasibility of repeated ketamine infusions in patients with BD for suicidality and to assess ketamine's neurophysiological effects. A sterile form of racemic ketamine hydrochloride will be administered over a 40-minute intravenous infusion 2 times per week on nonconsecutive days for 4 weeks (8 sessions). We will recruit 30 adults (24-65 year olds) over 2 years from an academic psychiatric hospital in Toronto, Canada. RESULTS This study is currently ongoing and actively recruiting participants. So far, 5 participants have completed the trial, 1 is currently in active treatment, and 8 participants are on the waitlist to be screened. We anticipate initial results being available in the fall of 2023. This proposal was presented as a poster presentation at the Research to Reality Global Summit on Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies and Medicine, held in May 2022 in Toronto, Canada. CONCLUSIONS Developing effective interventions for acute suicidality in high-risk populations such as those with BD remains a major therapeutic challenge. Ketamine is a promising treatment due to its rapid antidepressant and antisuicidal effects, but its underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of action remain unknown. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05177146; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05177146. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/41013.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Zomorrodi
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tyler Kaster
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Shayganfard M. Are Essential Trace Elements Effective in Modulation of Mental Disorders? Update and Perspectives. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1032-1059. [PMID: 33904124 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of mental disorders is associated with several risk factors including genetic and environmental susceptibility. A group of nutrients serves an especially important role in a number of essential neurodevelopmental processes through brain areas promoting the high degree of brain metabolism during early life, although almost all nutrients are needed. These include macronutrients and micronutrients (e.g., iron, magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium). Numerous nutritional psychiatry trials have been performed to examine the correlation of many individual nutrients with mental health, such as essential trace elements. The increased accumulation or lack of such components will facilitate an alternative metabolic pathway that can lead to many diseases and conditions of neurodevelopment. Mental functions have biochemical bases, so the impairment of such neurochemical mechanisms due to lack of trace elements can have mental effects. In psychological conditions such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and autism, scientific studies demonstrate the putative role of trace element deficiency. Therefore, given the critical roles played by essential trace elements in the neurodevelopment and mental health, the effect of these elements' intake on the modulation of psychological functioning is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Shayganfard
- Department of Psychiatry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
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Upregulation of the mGlu5 receptor and COX-2 protein in the mouse brain after imipramine and NS398, searching for mechanisms of regulation. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105193. [PMID: 34571049 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Imipramine belongs to a group of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). It has been also documented that its antidepressant activity connects with the modulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and arachidonic acid (AA) turnover. Through this mechanism, imipramine can indirectly modify glutamate (Glu) transmission. Additionally, it has been shown that chronic treatment with imipramine results in the upregulation of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5 receptor) in the hippocampus of rats. Our previous study revealed that manipulation of the AA pathway via inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by selective COX-2 inhibitor (NS398) could effectively modulate the behavior of mice treated with imipramine. Here, we hypothesized that COX-2 inhibition could similarly to imipramine influence mGlu5 receptor, and thus NS398 can modulate the effect of imipramine on Glu. Moreover, such regulation changes should correspond with alterations in neurotransmission. Increased cPLA activity after imipramine administration may change the activity of the AA pathway and the endocannabinoid metabolism, e.g., 2-Arachidonyl-glycerol (2-AG). To verify the idea, mGlu5 receptor level was investigated in the hippocampus (HC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice treated for 7 or 14 days with imipramine and/or COX-2 inhibitor: NS398. Western blot and PCR analyses were conducted. Moreover, the excitatory (Glu) and inhibitory (gamma-aminobutyric acid; GABA) neurotransmitters were measured using HPLC and 2-AG using ELISA. A time-dependent change in mGlu5 receptor and COX-2 protein level, COX-2 expression, and 2-AG level in the PFC after imipramine administration was found. Up-regulation of mGlu5 receptor after NS398 was found in HC and PFC. A structure-dependent shift between excitatory vs. inhibitory transmission was detected when NS398 and imipramine were co-administered.
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Réus GZ, de Moura AB, Borba LA, Abelaira HM, Quevedo J. Strategies for Treatment-Resistant Depression: Lessons Learned from Animal Models. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2019; 5:178-189. [PMID: 31768371 PMCID: PMC6873047 DOI: 10.1159/000500324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Around 300 million individuals are affected by major depressive disorder (MDD) in the world. Despite this high number of affected individuals, more than 50% of patients do not respond to antidepressants approved to treat MDD. Patients with MDD that do not respond to 2 or more first-line antidepressant treatments are considered to have treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Animal models of depression are important tools to better understand the pathophysiology of MDD as well as to help in the development of novel and fast antidepressants for TRD patients. This review will emphasize some discovery strategies for TRD from studies on animal models, including, antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (ketamine and memantine), electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), lithium, minocycline, quetiapine, and deep brain stimulation. Animal models of depression are not sufficient to represent all the traits of TRD, but they greatly aid in understanding the mechanism by which therapies that work for TRD exert antidepressant effects. Interestingly, these innovative therapies have mechanisms of action different from those of classic antidepressants. These effects are mainly related to the regulation of neurotransmitter activity, including general glutamate and increased connectivity, synaptic capacity, and neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Zilli Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Airam Barbosa de Moura
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Laura Araújo Borba
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Helena Mendes Abelaira
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
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7
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Behavioral consequences of co-administration of MTEP and the COX-2 inhibitor NS398 in mice. Part 1. Behav Brain Res 2019; 370:111961. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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8
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Amidfar M, Woelfer M, Réus GZ, Quevedo J, Walter M, Kim YK. The role of NMDA receptor in neurobiology and treatment of major depressive disorder: Evidence from translational research. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 94:109668. [PMID: 31207274 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence demonstrating that dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission, particularly via N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, is involved in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Several studies have revealed an altered expression of NMDA receptor subtypes and impaired NMDA receptor-mediated intracellular signaling pathways in brain circuits of patients with MDD. Clinical studies have demonstrated that NMDA receptor antagonists, particularly ketamine, have rapid antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant depression, however, neurobiological mechanisms are not completely understood. Growing body of evidence suggest that signal transduction pathways involved in synaptic plasticity play critical role in molecular mechanisms underlying rapidly acting antidepressant properties of ketamine and other NMDAR antagonists in MDD. Discovering the molecular mechanisms underlying the unique antidepressant actions of ketamine will facilitate the development of novel fast acting antidepressants which lack undesirable effects of ketamine. This review provides a critical examination of the NMDA receptor involvement in the neurobiology of MDD including analyses of alterations in NMDA receptor subtypes and their interactive signaling cascades revealed by postmortem studies. Furthermore, to elucidate mechanisms underlying rapid-acting antidepressant properties of NMDA receptor antagonists we discussed their effects on the neuroplasticity, mostly based on signaling systems involved in synaptic plasticity of mood-related neurocircuitries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Woelfer
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, University Magdeburg, Germany; New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Gislaine Z Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Walter
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, University Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Perić I, Stanisavljević A, Inta D, Gass P, Lang UE, Borgwardt S, Filipović D. Tianeptine antagonizes the reduction of PV+ and GAD67 cells number in dorsal hippocampus of socially isolated rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 89:386-399. [PMID: 30367961 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adult male rats exposed to chronic social isolation (CSIS) show depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors and reduce the numbers of parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons in the dorsal hippocampus. We aimed to determine whether tianeptine (Tian), administered during the last three weeks of a six-week-social isolation (10 mg/kg/day), may reverse CSIS-induced behavioral changes and antagonize the CSIS-induced reduction in the number of PV+ interneurons. We also studied whether Tian affects the GABA-producing enzyme GAD67+ cells, in Stratum Oriens (SO), Stratum Pyramidale (SP), Stratum Radiatum (SR) and Stratum Lacunosum Moleculare (LM) of CA1-3, as well as in molecular layer-granule cell layer (ML-GCL) and Hilus (H) of the dentate gyrus (DG). CSIS-induced reduction in the number of PV+ cells was layer/subregion-specific with the greatest decrease in SO of CA2. Reduction in the number of PV+ cells was significantly higher than GAD67+ cells, indicating that PV+ cells are the main target following CSIS. Tian reversed CSIS-induced behavior phenotype and antagonized the reduction in the number of PV+ and GAD67+ cells in all subregions. In controls, Tian led to an increase in the number of PV+ and GAD67+ cells in SP of all subregions and PV+ interneurons in ML-GCL of DG, while treatment during CSIS, compared to CSIS alone, resulted with an increase of PV+ interneurons in SO and SP CA1, SP CA2/CA3 and ML-GCL DG with simultaneous increase in GAD67+ cells in all CA1, LM CA2, SO/SR/LM CA3. Data show that Tian offers protection from CSIS via modulation of the dorsal hippocampal GABAergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Perić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for molecular biology and endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrijana Stanisavljević
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for molecular biology and endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragos Inta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Undine E Lang
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dragana Filipović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for molecular biology and endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
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Wang J, Um P, Dickerman BA, Liu J. Zinc, Magnesium, Selenium and Depression: A Review of the Evidence, Potential Mechanisms and Implications. Nutrients 2018; 10:E584. [PMID: 29747386 PMCID: PMC5986464 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency and depression are major global health problems. Here, we first review recent empirical evidence of the association between several micronutrients—zinc, magnesium, selenium—and depression. We then present potential mechanisms of action and discuss the clinical implications for each micronutrient. Collectively, empirical evidence most strongly supports a positive association between zinc deficiency and the risk of depression and an inverse association between zinc supplementation and depressive symptoms. Less evidence is available regarding the relationship between magnesium and selenium deficiency and depression, and studies have been inconclusive. Potential mechanisms of action involve the HPA axis, glutamate homeostasis and inflammatory pathways. Findings support the importance of adequate consumption of micronutrients in the promotion of mental health, and the most common dietary sources for zinc and other micronutrients are provided. Future research is needed to prospectively investigate the association between micronutrient levels and depression as well as the safety and efficacy of micronutrient supplementation as an adjunct treatment for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wang
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Phoebe Um
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | | - Jianghong Liu
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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11
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The role of memantine in the treatment of major depressive disorder: Clinical efficacy and mechanisms of action. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 827:103-111. [PMID: 29551658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A developing body of evidence indicates that disturbed glutamate neurotransmission especially through N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) is central to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and NMDA receptor antagonists have shown therapeutic potential in the MDD treatment. Memantine is an uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, approved for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that in contrast to other NMDA receptor antagonists at therapeutic doses does not induce highly undesirable side effects. Neuroprotective properties and well tolerability of memantine have been attributed to its unique pharmacological features such as moderate affinity, rapid blocking kinetics and strongly voltage-dependency. In this review we summarized clinical trial evidence of antidepressant effectiveness of memantine and its mechanisms of action. Available data indicate contradictory findings relating to clinical efficacy suggesting further research is necessary in determining as to whether memantine will eventually be an advantageous therapy for MDD. Preclinical data proposed various neurobiological mechanisms underlying antidepressant-like properties of memantine that are responsible for synaptic plasticity and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Cioffi
- Departments of Basic and Clinical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Albany, NY, USA
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13
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Stachowicz K. The role of DSCAM in the regulation of synaptic plasticity: possible involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2018. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2018-019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Zinc in the Monoaminergic Theory of Depression: Its Relationship to Neural Plasticity. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:3682752. [PMID: 28299207 PMCID: PMC5337390 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3682752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that zinc possesses antidepressant properties and that it may augment the therapy with conventional, that is, monoamine-based, antidepressants. In this review we aim to discuss the role of zinc in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression with regard to the monoamine hypothesis of the disease. Particular attention will be paid to the recently described zinc-sensing GPR39 receptor as well as aspects of zinc deficiency. Furthermore, an attempt will be made to give a possible explanation of the mechanisms by which zinc interacts with the monoamine system in the context of depression and neural plasticity.
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Styczeń K, Sowa-Kućma M, Siwek M, Dudek D, Reczyński W, Szewczyk B, Misztak P, Topór-Mądry R, Opoka W, Nowak G. The serum zinc concentration as a potential biological marker in patients with major depressive disorder. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:97-103. [PMID: 27502410 PMCID: PMC5225246 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite many clinical trials assessing the role of zinc in major depressive disorder (MDD), the conclusions still remain ambiguous. The aim of the present clinical study was to determine and comparison the zinc concentration in the blood of MDD patients (active stage or remission) and healthy volunteers (controls), as well as to discuss its potential clinical usefulness as a biomarker of the disease. In this study 69 patients with current depressive episode, 45 patients in remission and 50 controls were enrolled. The zinc concentration was measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS). The obtained results revealed, that the zinc concentration in depressed phase were statistically lower than in the healthy volunteers [0.89 vs. 1.06 mg/L, respectively], while the zinc level in patients achieve remission was not significantly different from the controls [1.07 vs. 1.06 mg/L, respectively]. Additionally, among the patients achieve remission a significant differences in zinc concentration between group with and without presence of drug-resistance in the previous episode of depression were observed. Also, patients in remission demonstrated correlation between zinc level and the average number of depressive episodes in the last year. Serum zinc concentration was not dependent on atypical features of depression, presence of psychotic symptoms or melancholic syndrome, age, age of onset or duration of disease, number of episodes in the life time, duration of the episode/remission and severity of depression measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS), and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Concluding, our findings confirm the correlation between zinc deficit present in the depressive episode, and are consistent with the majority of previous studies. These results may also indicate that serum zinc concentration might be considered as a potential biological marker of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Styczeń
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kućma
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marcin Siwek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Dudek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Witold Reczyński
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Misztak
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Roman Topór-Mądry
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 20, 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Opoka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
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16
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Stasiuk W, Szopa A, Serefko A, Wyska E, Świąder K, Dudka J, Wlaź P, Poleszak E. Influence of the selective antagonist of the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor, traxoprodil, on the antidepressant-like activity of desipramine, paroxetine, milnacipran, and bupropion in mice. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 124:387-396. [PMID: 27900470 PMCID: PMC5310560 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pre-clinical and clinical studies indicated that a blockade of the NMDA receptor complex creates new opportunities for the treatment of affective disorders, including depression. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of traxoprodil (10 mg/kg) on the activity of desipramine (10 mg/kg), paroxetine (0.5 mg/kg), milnacipran (1.25 mg/kg), and bupropion (10 mg/kg), each at sub-therapeutic doses. Moreover, brain levels of traxoprodil and tested agents were determined using HPLC. The obtained results were used to ascertain the nature of occurring interaction between traxoprodil and studied antidepressants. The experiment was carried out on naïve adult male Albino Swiss mice. Traxoprodil and other tested drugs were administered intraperitoneally. The influence of traxoprodil on the activity of selected antidepressants was evaluated in forced swim test (FST). Locomotor activity was estimated to exclude false positive/negative data. To assess the influence of traxoprodil on the concentration of used antidepressants, their levels were determined in murine brains using HPLC. Results indicated that traxoprodil potentiated activity of all antidepressants examined in FST and the observed effects were not due to the increase in locomotor activity. Only in the case of co-administration of traxoprodil and bupropion, increased bupropion concentrations in brain tissue were observed. All tested agents increased the traxoprodil levels in the brain. Administration of a sub-active dose of traxoprodil with antidepressants from different chemical groups, which act via enhancing monoaminergic transduction, caused the antidepressant-like effect in FST in mice. The interactions of traxoprodil with desipramine, paroxetine, milnacipran, and bupropion occur, at least partially, in the pharmacokinetic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Stasiuk
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, PL-20080, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL-20093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Serefko
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL-20093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, PL-30688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Świąder
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL-20093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dudka
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 8, PL-20093, Lublin, Poland
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, PL-20950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, PL-20033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL-20093, Lublin, Poland
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17
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Effect of co-administration of memantine and sertraline on the antidepressant-like activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the rat brain. Brain Res Bull 2016; 128:29-33. [PMID: 27825855 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A developing body of data has drawn attention to the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists as potential drugs for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). We investigated the possibility of synergistic interactions between the antidepressant sertraline with the uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, memantine. The present study was aimed to evaluate behavioural and molecular effects of the chronic treatment with memantine and sertraline alone or in combination in rats. To this aim, rats were chronically treated with memantine (2.5 and 5mg/kg) and sertraline (5mg/kg) for 14days once a day, and then exposed to the forced swimming test. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were assessed in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in all groups by ELISA sandwich assay. Sertraline and memantine (2.5mg/kg) alone did not have effect on the immobility time; however, the effect of sertraline was enhanced by both doses of memantine. Combined treatment with memantine and sertraline produced stronger increases in the BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Our results indicate that co-administration of antidepressant memantine with sertraline may induce a more pronounced antidepressant activity than treatment with each antidepressant alone. Antidepressant properties using the combination of memantine and sertraline could be attributed to increased levels of BDNF. This finding may be of particular importance in the case of drug-resistant patients and could suggest a method of obtaining significant antidepressant actions whereas limiting side effects.
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18
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Doboszewska U, Szewczyk B, Sowa-Kućma M, Noworyta-Sokołowska K, Misztak P, Gołębiowska J, Młyniec K, Ostachowicz B, Krośniak M, Wojtanowska-Krośniak A, Gołembiowska K, Lankosz M, Piekoszewski W, Nowak G. Alterations of Bio-elements, Oxidative, and Inflammatory Status in the Zinc Deficiency Model in Rats. Neurotox Res 2016; 29:143-54. [PMID: 26581375 PMCID: PMC4701762 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that dietary zinc restriction induces depression-like behavior with concomitant up-regulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Because metal ions, oxidative stress, and inflammation are involved in depression/NMDAR function, in the present study, bio-elements (zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, and calcium), oxidative (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances; protein carbonyl content), and inflammatory (IL-1α, IL-1β) factors were measured in serum, hippocampus (Hp), and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to a zinc-adequate (ZnA) (50 mg Zn/kg) or a zinc-deficient (ZnD) (3 mg Zn/kg) diet for 4 or 6 weeks. Both periods of dietary zinc restriction reduced serum zinc and increased serum iron levels. At 4 weeks, lowered zinc level in the PFC and Hp as well as lowered iron level in the PFC of the ZnD rats was observed. At 6 weeks, however, iron level was increased in the PFC of these rats. Although at 6 weeks zinc level in the PFC did not differ between the ZnA and ZnD rats, extracellular zinc concentration after 100 mM KCl stimulation was reduced in the PFC of the ZnD rats and was accompanied by increased extracellular iron and glutamate levels (as measured by the in vivo microdialysis). The examined oxidative and inflammatory parameters were generally enhanced in the tissue of the ZnD animals. The obtained data suggest dynamic redistribution of bio-elements and enhancement of oxidative/inflammatory parameters after dietary zinc restriction, which may have a link with depression-like behavior/NMDAR function/neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Doboszewska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kućma
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Paulina Misztak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Gołębiowska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Młyniec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Ostachowicz
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Sciences, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mirosław Krośniak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Krystyna Gołembiowska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Lankosz
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Sciences, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Gabriel Nowak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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19
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Pazini FL, Cunha MP, Rosa JM, Colla ARS, Lieberknecht V, Oliveira Á, Rodrigues ALS. Creatine, Similar to Ketamine, Counteracts Depressive-Like Behavior Induced by Corticosterone via PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6818-6834. [PMID: 26660117 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine has emerged as a novel strategy to treat refractory depression, producing rapid remission, but elicits some side effects that limit its use. In an attempt to investigate a safer compound that may afford an antidepressant effect similar to ketamine, this study examined the effects of the ergogenic compound creatine in a model of depression, and the involvement of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway in its effect. In order to induce a depressive-like behavior, mice were administered with corticosterone (20 mg/kg, per os (p.o.)) for 21 days. This treatment increased immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST), an effect abolished by a single administration of creatine (10 mg/kg, p.o.) or ketamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.), but not by fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, p.o., conventional antidepressant). Treatment of mice with wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor, 0.1 μg/site, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.)) or rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor, 0.2 nmol/site, i.c.v.) abolished the anti-immobility effect of creatine and ketamine. None of the treatments affected locomotor activity of mice. The immunocontents of p-mTOR, p-p70S6 kinase (p70S6K), and postsynaptic density-95 protein (PSD95) were increased by creatine and ketamine in corticosterone or vehicle-treated mice. Moreover, corticosterone-treated mice presented a decreased hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level, an effect abolished by creatine or ketamine. Altogether, the results indicate that creatine shares with ketamine the ability to acutely reverse the corticosterone-induced depressive-like behavior by a mechanism dependent on PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and modulation of the synaptic protein PSD95 as well as BDNF in the hippocampus, indicating the relevance of targeting these proteins for the management of depressive disorders. Moreover, we suggest that creatine should be further investigated as a possible fast-acting antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis L Pazini
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Mauricio P Cunha
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Julia M Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - André R S Colla
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Vicente Lieberknecht
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ágatha Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Podkowa K, Rzeźniczek S, Marciniak M, Acher F, Pilc A, Pałucha-Poniewiera A. A novel mGlu4 selective agonist LSP4-2022 increases behavioral despair in mouse models of antidepressant action. Neuropharmacology 2015; 97:338-45. [PMID: 26074092 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous data have indicated that metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor ligands may be potentially useful as novel antidepressant drugs (ADs). The Group III mGlu receptor has not been explored much because of the limited access to selective ligands, but some behavioral studies have indicated that modulating group III mGlu receptors may result in benefits for the therapy of depression. Here, we investigated the potential antidepressant-like effects of a new mGlu4 selective orthosteric agonist, LSP4-2022. We found that the drug induced pro-depressant effects in the tail suspension test (TST) and the forced swim test (FST) in mice at doses that did not change the locomotor activity of the animals. Additional experiments that used knock-out (KO) mice and aimed to verify the selectivity of LSP4-2022 revealed that the drug induced strong pro-depressant-like effects in mGlu7 KO mice but did not affect the behavior of mGlu4 KO mice in the TST, suggesting that the activation of the mGlu4 receptor plays a role in producing the pro-depressant activity of the tested drug. The results of our study indicate that the inhibition rather than activation of mGlu4 receptors might induce antidepressant effects, but this hypothesis should be verified using a selective mGlu4 receptor antagonist, which is currently not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Podkowa
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Rzeźniczek
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Marciniak
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Francine Acher
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry and Biochemistry, UMR8601-CNRS, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cite,45, rue des Saints-Peres, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Andrzej Pilc
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Drug Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Grzegórzecka 20, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pałucha-Poniewiera
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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21
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Pochwat B, Sowa-Kucma M, Kotarska K, Misztak P, Nowak G, Szewczyk B. Antidepressant-like activity of magnesium in the olfactory bulbectomy model is associated with the AMPA/BDNF pathway. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:355-67. [PMID: 25027582 PMCID: PMC4297308 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Numerous studies suggest agents that act on glutamatergic transmission as potential antidepressants. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that magnesium, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blocker, may be useful in the treatment of depression. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of magnesium on behavior; protein levels of GluN2A, GluN2B [N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits], GluA1 [α-amino-3-hydroxy-5 methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) subunit], phospho-Ser-831-GluA1 (P-S831), phospho-Ser-845-GluA1 (P-S845), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of GluN2A and GluN2B in different brain areas in the olfactory bulbectomy (OB) model of depression in rats. METHODS Magnesium was administered once daily for 14 days at three doses (10, 15, and 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) to sham and OB rats. Following treatment, open field and passive avoidance tests were performed in the sham and OB rats. After 24 h, the hippocampus, the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and the amygdala of rats treated with the most active dose (15 mg/kg) were harvested, and the protein and mRNA levels were determined. RESULTS Chronic administration of magnesium (15 and 20 mg/kg) reduced the number of trials required to learn passive avoidance and reduced the OB-induced hyperactivity. OB increased the P-S845 level in the hippocampus, which was reduced by magnesium treatment. Magnesium significantly increased the levels of BDNF, GluN2B, P-S831, and P-S845 protein (and mRNA) primarily in the PFC and the hippocampus in OB rats. CONCLUSION For the first time, the present results demonstrate the antidepressant-like activity of magnesium in the OB animal model of depression and indicate the potential involvement of the AMPA/BDNF pathway in this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Pochwat
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kucma
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland ,Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rejtana 16c, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotarska
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland ,Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Misztak
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland ,Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
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22
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Wolak M, Siwek A, Szewczyk B, Poleszak E, Bystrowska B, Moniczewski A, Rutkowska A, Młyniec K, Nowak G. Evaluation of the role of NMDA receptor function in antidepressant-like activity. A new study with citalopram and fluoxetine in the forced swim test in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 67:490-3. [PMID: 25933959 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NMDA/glutamate receptors are involved in the mechanism of antidepressant activity. METHODS The present study was designed to investigate the effect of NMDA receptor ligands (agonists and antagonists of glutamate sites) on the antidepressant-like activity of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), citalopram and fluoxetine, in the forced swim test in mice. RESULTS The antidepressant activity (reduction in immobility time) of citalopram but not of fluoxetine was antagonized by N-methyl-D-aspartate acid and enhanced by CGP37849 (antagonist of the NMDA receptor). CONCLUSIONS The present literature data indicate that the antidepressant-like activity of conventional antidepressants is generally affected by the NMDA receptor, although by modulation from different sites of the complex. Thus, it supports the issue of the ability of NMDA receptor antagonists to enhance the antidepressant action in human depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wolak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Bystrowska
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Moniczewski
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anita Rutkowska
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Młyniec
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
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23
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Domin H, Szewczyk B, Woźniak M, Wawrzak-Wleciał A, Śmiałowska M. Antidepressant-like effect of the mGluR5 antagonist MTEP in an astroglial degeneration model of depression. Behav Brain Res 2014; 273:23-33. [PMID: 25043733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The glutamatergic predominance in the excitatory-inhibitory balance is postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Such imbalance may be induced by astrocyte ablation which reduces glutamate uptake and increases glutamate level in the synaptic cleft. In the present study, we tried to ascertain whether astroglial degeneration in the prefrontal cortex could serve as an animal model of depression and whether inhibition of glutamatergic transmission by the mGluR5 antagonist MTEP could have antidepressant potential. Astrocytic toxins l-or dl-alpha-aminoadipic acid (AAA), 100μg/2μl, were microinjected, bilaterally into the rat medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) on the first and second day of experiment. MTEP (10mg/kg) or imipramine (30mg/kg) were administered on the fifth day. Following administration of MTEP or imipramine the forced swim test (FST) was performed for assessment of depressive-like behavior. The brains were taken out for analysis on day eight. The astrocytic marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was quantified in PFC by Western blot method and by stereological counting of immunohistochemically stained sections. Both l-AAA and dl-AAA induced a significant increase in immobility time in the FST. This effect was reversed by imipramine, which indicates depressive-like effects of these toxins. A significant decrease in GFAP (about 50%) was found after l-AAA. Both the behavioral and GFAP level changes were prevented by MTEP injection. The obtained results indicate that the degeneration of astrocytes in the PFC by l-AAA may be a useful animal model of depression and suggest antidepressant potential of MTEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Domin
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Woźniak
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anika Wawrzak-Wleciał
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Śmiałowska
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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24
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Wolak M, Siwek A, Szewczyk B, Poleszak E, Pilc A, Popik P, Nowak G. Involvement of NMDA and AMPA receptors in the antidepressant-like activity of antidepressant drugs in the forced swim test. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:991-7. [PMID: 24145093 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of glutamate system (particularly the NMDA and AMPA receptors) in the mechanism of antidepressant activity was demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the effect of NMDA and AMPA receptors' ligands (agonists and antagonists) on the antidepressant-like activity of escitalopram, milnacipran, imipramine and reboxetine in the forced swim test in mice. RESULTS Antidepressant activity (reduction in immobility time) of escitalopram and milnacipran but not of imipramine and reboxetine was antagonized by N-methyl-D-aspartate acid. CGP37849 (antagonist of the NMDA receptor) enhanced the antidepressant activity of all examined antidepressants. On the other hand, CX614 (a potentiator/positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptor) enhanced the antidepressant activity of imipramine and reboxetine but not of escitalopram and milnacipran in this test. NBQX (the AMPA receptor antagonist) did not influence the antidepressant activity of all tested agents. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate the complex interactions following the activation or blockade of the NMDA and AMPA receptors with antidepressant drugs. The general phenomenon is the enhancing effect of the NMDA receptor antagonism on the antidepressant activity. Moreover, is can be concluded that the activity of antidepressants with a serotonergic mechanism of action can be inhibited by NMDA activation, while antidepressants with a noradrenergic mechanism of action are dependent on AMPA receptor transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wolak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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Pochwat B, Pałucha-Poniewiera A, Szewczyk B, Pilc A, Nowak G. NMDA antagonists under investigation for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:1181-92. [PMID: 24818801 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.918951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mood disorders, including depression, are becoming increasingly prevalent in the developed world. Furthermore, treatment of depression therapeutics, mainly influencing the serotonergic and adrenergic systems, is considered insufficient. The original NMDA-glutamate hypothesis mechanism of antidepressant action was first proposed ∼ 20 years ago. Since then, a number of preclinical and clinical studies have examined its rationale. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the recent clinical evidence for the use of functional NMDA receptor antagonists as antidepressants. Furthermore, the authors present the mechanism(s) of antidepressant action derived mostly from preclinical paradigms. EXPERT OPINION Currently, clinical studies mostly use ketamine (a noncompetitive high-potency NMDA antagonist) as an agent for rapid relief of depressive symptoms. However, due to the ketamine-induced psychotomimetic effects, new NMDA receptor antagonists (modulators) are continuously being introduced for rapid antidepressant action, especially for use in treatment-resistant patients. Recent clinical reports for the use of CP-101,606, MK-0657 (selective GluN2B subunit NMDA receptor antagonists), GLYX-13 and d-cycloserine (glycine site partial agonists) are optimistic but await further support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Pochwat
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków , Poland
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Antidepressant-like activity of magnesium in the chronic mild stress model in rats: alterations in the NMDA receptor subunits. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:393-405. [PMID: 24067405 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145713001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggests that the glutamatergic system is involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and that the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is a potential target for antidepressant drugs. The magnesium ion blocks the ion channel of the NMDA receptor and prevents its excessive activation. Some preclinical and clinical evidence suggests also that magnesium may be useful in the treatment of depression. The present study investigated the effect of magnesium treatment (10, 15 and 20 mg/kg, given as magnesium hydroaspartate) in the chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression in rats. Moreover, the effect of CMS and magnesium (with an effective dose) on the level of the proteins related to the glutamatergic system (GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B and PSD-95) in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala were examined. A significant reduction in the sucrose intake induced by CMS was increased by magnesium treatment at a dose of 15 mg/kg, beginning from the third week of administration. Magnesium did not affect this behavioural parameter in the control animals. CMS significantly increased the level of the GluN1 subunit in the amygdala (by 174%) and GluN2A in the hippocampus (by 191%), both of which were significantly attenuated by magnesium treatment. Moreover, magnesium treatment in CMS animals increased the level of GluN2B (by 116%) and PSD-95 (by 150%) in the PFC. The present results for the first time demonstrate the antidepressant-like activity of magnesium in the animal model of anhedonia (CMS), thus indicating the possible involvement of the NMDA/glutamatergic receptors in this activity.
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The antidepressant-like action of mGlu5 receptor antagonist, MTEP, in the tail suspension test in mice is serotonin dependent. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:97-107. [PMID: 23958941 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Numerous studies indicate the potential antidepressant actions of several mGlu5 receptor antagonists, including 3-[(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl]-pyridine (MTEP). The explanation for the mechanism of these effects might be a key step in finding new antidepressant drugs (AD). OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible role of the serotonergic system in the antidepressant-like activity of MTEP in the tail suspension test (TST) in C57BL/6J mice, using selected antagonists of serotonergic receptors and by applying two different methods of serotonin (5-HT) depletion. RESULTS The results of our studies showed that the mGlu5 receptor antagonist, MTEP, similar to the fluoxetine used as reference AD, did not induce antidepressant-like effects in mice pretreated with tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, parachlorophenylalanine. On the other hand, MTEP worked as a potential AD in the TST in mice fed on a tryptophan-free (TRP-free) diet for 3 weeks. However, fluoxetine, which was used as a reference control was also active in this experiment, suggesting that a TRP-free diet was not sufficiently effective in reducing the 5-HT level. Furthermore, we showed that the 5HT2A/2C antagonist, ritanserin, yet not the 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY100635, 5HT1B antagonist, SB224289 or 5HT4 antagonist, GR125487, reversed the antidepressant-like effects of MTEP in the TST. Finally, a sub-effective dose ofMTEP coadministered with a sub-effective dose of citalopram induced an antidepressant-like effect in the TST in mice. CONCLUSION The results of our studies suggest the involvement of serotonergic system activation in the antidepressant-like effects of the mGlu5 antagonist, MTEP, in the TST in mice.
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Sowa-Kućma M, Szewczyk B, Sadlik K, Piekoszewski W, Trela F, Opoka W, Poleszak E, Pilc A, Nowak G. Zinc, magnesium and NMDA receptor alterations in the hippocampus of suicide victims. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:924-31. [PMID: 24055117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence for an association between suicidal behavior and depression. Accumulating data suggests that depression is related to a dysfunction of the brain's glutamatergic system, and that the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor plays an important role in antidepressant activity. Zinc and magnesium, the potent antagonists of the NMDA receptor complex, are involved in the pathophysiology of depression and exhibit antidepressant activity. METHODS The present study investigated the potency of Zn(2+) and Mg(2+) to [(3)H] MK-801, which binds to the NMDA receptor channel in the hippocampus of suicide victims (n=17) and sudden death controls (n=6). Moreover, the concentrations of zinc and magnesium (by flame atomic absorption spectrometry) and levels of NMDA subunits (NR2A and NR2B) and PSD-95 protein (by Western blotting) were determined. RESULTS Our results revealed that there was a statistically significant decrease (by 29% and 40%) in the potency of zinc and magnesium (respectively) to inhibit [(3)H] MK-801 binding to NMDA receptors in the hippocampus in suicide tissue relative to the controls. These alterations were associated with increased NR2A (+68%) and decreases in both the NR2B (-46%) and PSD-95 (-35%) levels. Furthermore, lower concentrations (-9%) of magnesium (although not of zinc) were demonstrated in suicide tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that alterations in the zinc, magnesium and NMDA receptor complex in the hippocampus are potentially involved in the pathophysiology of suicide-related disorders (depression), which may lead to functional NMDA receptor hyperactivity.
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Sun H, Guan L, Zhu Z, Li H. Reduced levels of NR1 and NR2A with depression-like behavior in different brain regions in prenatally stressed juvenile offspring. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81775. [PMID: 24278457 PMCID: PMC3835745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of continued brain maturation, particularly in limbic and cortical regions, which undoubtedly plays a role in the physiological and emotional changes. Juvenile rats repeatedly exposed to prenatal stress (PS) exhibit behavioral features often observed in neuropsychiatric disorders including depression. However, to date the underlying neurological mechanisms are still unclear. In the current study, juvenile offspring rats whose mothers were exposed to PS were evaluated for depression-related behaviors in open field and sucrose preference test. NMDA receptor subunits NR1 and NR2A in the hippocampus, frontal cortex and striatum were assayed by western blotting. The results indicated that PS resulted in several behavioral anomalies in the OFT and sucrose preference test. Moreover, reduced levels of NMDA receptor subunits NR1 and NR2A in the hippocampus, and NR1 in prefrontal cortex and striatum of prenatally stressed juvenile offspring were found. Treatment with MK-801 to pregnant dams could prevent all those changes in the juvenile offspring. Collectivity, these data support the argument that PS to pregnant dams could induce depression-like behavior, which may be involved with abnormal expression of NR1 and NR2A in specific brain regions, and MK-801 may have antidepressant-like effects on the juvenile offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lixia Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou Municipal Liutie Central Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhongliang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Province Biomedicine Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (HL)
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neonatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (HL)
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Meuwese JDI, van Loon AM, Scholte HS, Lirk PB, Vulink NCC, Hollmann MW, Lamme VAF. NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine impairs feature integration in visual perception. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79326. [PMID: 24223927 PMCID: PMC3815103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent interactions between neurons in the visual cortex are crucial for the integration of image elements into coherent objects, such as in figure-ground segregation of textured images. Blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in monkeys can abolish neural signals related to figure-ground segregation and feature integration. However, it is unknown whether this also affects perceptual integration itself. Therefore, we tested whether ketamine, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, reduces feature integration in humans. We administered a subanesthetic dose of ketamine to healthy subjects who performed a texture discrimination task in a placebo-controlled double blind within-subject design. We found that ketamine significantly impaired performance on the texture discrimination task compared to the placebo condition, while performance on a control fixation task was much less impaired. This effect is not merely due to task difficulty or a difference in sedation levels. We are the first to show a behavioral effect on feature integration by manipulating the NMDA receptor in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D. I. Meuwese
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Anouk M. van Loon
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H. Steven Scholte
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp B. Lirk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke C. C. Vulink
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus W. Hollmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor A. F. Lamme
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Pałucha-Poniewiera A, Wierońska JM, Brański P, Burnat G, Chruścicka B, Pilc A. Is the mGlu5 receptor a possible target for new antidepressant drugs? Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:1506-11. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Siwek M, Szewczyk B, Dudek D, Styczeń K, Sowa-Kućma M, Młyniec K, Siwek A, Witkowski L, Pochwat B, Nowak G. Zinc as a marker of affective disorders. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:1512-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Grados MA, Specht MW, Sung HM, Fortune D. Glutamate drugs and pharmacogenetics of OCD: a pathway-based exploratory approach. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:1515-27. [PMID: 24147578 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.845553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuropharmacology research in glutamate-modulating drugs supports their development and use in the management of neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depression, Alzheimer's disorder and schizophrenia. Concomitantly, there is a growing use of these agents used in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). AREAS COVERED This article provides a review of glutamate-modulating drugs used in the treatment of OCD. Specifically, the authors examine riluzole, N-acetylcysteine, d-cycloserine, glycine, ketamine, memantine and acamprosate as treatments. Furthermore, recent genetic epidemiology research findings are presented with a focus on the positional candidate genes SLC1A1 (a glutamate transporter), ADAR3 (an RNA-editing enzyme), RYR3 (a Ca(2+) channel), PBX1 (a homeobox transcription factor) and a GWAS candidate gene, DLGAP1 (a protein interacting with post-synaptic density). These genetic findings are submitted to a curated bioinformatics database to conform a biological network for discerning potential pharmacological targets. EXPERT OPINION In the genetically informed network, known genes and identified key connecting components, including DLG4 (a developmental gene), PSD-95 (a synaptic scaffolding protein) and PSEN1 (presenilin, a regulator of secretase), conform a group of potential pharmacological targets. These potential targets can be explored, in the future, to deliver new therapeutic approaches to OCD. There is also the need to develop a better understanding of neuroprotective mechanisms as a foundation for future OCD drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Grados
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 1800 Orleans St. - 12th floor, Baltimore, MD 21287 , USA +1 443 287 2291 ; +1 410 955 8691 ;
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Pilc A, Wierońska JM, Skolnick P. Glutamate-based antidepressants: preclinical psychopharmacology. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 73:1125-32. [PMID: 23453290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, converging lines of evidence have both linked glutamatergic dysfunction to the pathophysiology of depression and demonstrated that the glutamatergic synapse presents multiple targets for developing novel antidepressants. The robust antidepressant effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists ketamine and traxoprodil provide target validation for this family of ionotropic glutamate receptors. This article reviews the preclinical evidence that it may be possible to develop glutamate-based antidepressants by not only modulating ionotropic (N-methyl-D-aspartate and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid) and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, including mGlu2/3, mGLu5 and mGlu7 receptors, but also by altering synaptic concentrations of glutamate via specialized transporters such as glial glutamate transporter 1 (excitatory amino-acid transporter 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Pilc
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
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Wierońska JM, Pilc A. Glutamate-based anxiolytic ligands in clinical trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:1007-22. [PMID: 23718208 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.803066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With regard to anxiety, the role of the balance between glutamatergic and GABAergic systems was pursued for many years. The majority of drugs used presently as effective anxiolytics enhance the GABAergic system activity, thus increasing inhibition within the central nervous system (CNS). On the other hand, decreasing the activity of glutamatergic neurotransmission may attenuate excitation in the CNS, thus resulting in anxiolysis. AREAS COVERED The present review focuses on clinical data of well-known and recently discovered glutamatergic and, to a lesser extent, GABAergic agents, which reached at least the Phase II criteria. EXPERT OPINION A variety of glutamatergic agents active at both N-acetylo-D-asparaginian and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors have been tested in humans to examine their potential anxiolytic activity. Many compounds acting on the glutamatergic system and approved for the treatment of other disorders than anxiety were shown to exert anxiolytic effects in clinical trials. Those are mainly voltage-dependent ion channel ligands as well as d-cycloserin and memantine. Also, ligands active at mGlu receptors, such as fenobam and LY354740, exhibited activity in controlled clinical trials. However, relatively few trials are found on the agents that are focused on GABAergic neurotransmission. Therefore, it seems that glutamatergic system may become a novel target for modern and effective anxiolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Wierońska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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Młyniec K, Budziszewska B, Reczyński W, Doboszewska U, Pilc A, Nowak G. Zinc deficiency alters responsiveness to antidepressant drugs in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:579-92. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Mathews DC, Henter ID, Zarate CA. Targeting the glutamatergic system to treat major depressive disorder: rationale and progress to date. Drugs 2012; 72:1313-33. [PMID: 22731961 DOI: 10.2165/11633130-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe, debilitating medical illness that affects millions of individuals worldwide. The young age of onset and chronicity of the disorder has a significant impact on the long-term disability that affected individuals face. Most existing treatments have focused on the 'monoamine hypothesis' for rational design of compounds. However, patients continue to experience low remission rates, residual subsyndromal symptoms, relapses and overall functional impairment. In this context, growing evidence suggests that the glutamatergic system is uniquely central to the neurobiology and treatment of MDD. Here, we review data supporting the involvement of the glutamatergic system in the pathophysiology of MDD, and discuss the efficacy of glutamatergic agents as novel therapeutics. Preliminary clinical evidence has been promising, particularly with regard to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist ketamine as a 'proof-of-concept' agent. The review also highlights potential molecular and inflammatory mechanisms that may contribute to the rapid antidepressant response seen with ketamine. Because existing pharmacological treatments for MDD are often insufficient for many patients, the next generation of treatments needs to be more effective, rapid acting and better tolerated than currently available medications. There is extant evidence that the glutamatergic system holds considerable promise for developing the next generation of novel and mechanistically distinct agents for the treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Mathews
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Mathews DC, Henter ID, Zarate CA. Targeting the glutamatergic system to treat major depressive disorder: rationale and progress to date. Drugs 2012. [PMID: 22731961 DOI: 10.2165/11633130‐000000000‐00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe, debilitating medical illness that affects millions of individuals worldwide. The young age of onset and chronicity of the disorder has a significant impact on the long-term disability that affected individuals face. Most existing treatments have focused on the 'monoamine hypothesis' for rational design of compounds. However, patients continue to experience low remission rates, residual subsyndromal symptoms, relapses and overall functional impairment. In this context, growing evidence suggests that the glutamatergic system is uniquely central to the neurobiology and treatment of MDD. Here, we review data supporting the involvement of the glutamatergic system in the pathophysiology of MDD, and discuss the efficacy of glutamatergic agents as novel therapeutics. Preliminary clinical evidence has been promising, particularly with regard to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist ketamine as a 'proof-of-concept' agent. The review also highlights potential molecular and inflammatory mechanisms that may contribute to the rapid antidepressant response seen with ketamine. Because existing pharmacological treatments for MDD are often insufficient for many patients, the next generation of treatments needs to be more effective, rapid acting and better tolerated than currently available medications. There is extant evidence that the glutamatergic system holds considerable promise for developing the next generation of novel and mechanistically distinct agents for the treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Mathews
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Yang C, Zhou W, Li X, Yang J, Szewczyk B, Pałucha-Poniewiera A, Poleszak E, Pilc A, Nowak G. A bright future of researching AMPA receptor agonists for depression treatment. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:583-4; author reply 584-5. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.667399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology,
No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China ;
| | - Wei Zhou
- Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology,
No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China ;
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology,
No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China ;
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology,
No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China ;
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology,
Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pałucha-Poniewiera
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology,
Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Skubiszewski Medical University of Lublin, Department of Applied Pharmacy,
Staszica 4, PL 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pilc
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology,
Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Health Sciences,
Michałowskiego 20, PL 31-126 Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology,
Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Pharmacobiology,
Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Pharmacobiology, Kraków, Poland
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