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Hassani-Marand M, Fahimi-Kashani N, Hormozi-Nezhad MR. Machine-learning assisted multiplex detection of catecholamine neurotransmitters with a colorimetric sensor array. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1123-1134. [PMID: 36756908 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01797k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Catecholamine neurotransmitters (CNs), such as dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP), norepinephrine (NEP), and levodopa (LD), are recognized as the primary biomarkers of a variety of neurological illnesses. Therefore, simultaneous monitoring of these biomarkers is highly recommended for clinical diagnosis and treatment. In this study, a high-performance colorimetric artificial tongue has been proposed for the multiplex detection of CNs. Different aggregation behaviors of gold nanoparticles in the presence of CNs under various buffering conditions generate unique fingerprint response patterns. Under various buffering conditions, the distinct acidity constants of CNs, and consequently their predominant species at a given pH, drive the aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The utilization of machine learning algorithms in this design enables classification and quantification of CNs in various samples. The response profile of the array was analyzed using the linear discriminant analysis algorithm for classification of CNs. This colorimetric sensor array is capable of accurately distinguishing between individual neurotransmitters and their combinations. Partial least squares regression was also applied for quantitation purposes. The obtained analytical figures of merit (FOMs) and linear ranges of 0.6-9 μM (R2 = 0.99) for DA, 0.1-10 μM (R2 = 0.99) for EP, 0.1-9 μM (R2 = 0.99) for NEP and 1-70 μM (R2 = 0.99) for LD demonstrated the potential applicability of the developed sensor array in precise and accurate determination of CNs. Finally, the feasibility of the array was validated in human urine samples as a complex biological fluid with LODs of 0.3, 0.5, 0.2, and 1.9 μM for DA, EP, NEP, and LD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hassani-Marand
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 14588-89694, Iran
| | - N Fahimi-Kashani
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - M R Hormozi-Nezhad
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 14588-89694, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9516, Iran.
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Jafarinejad S, Bigdeli A, Ghazi-Khansari M, Sasanpour P, Hormozi-Nezhad MR. Identification of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters Using a Fluorescent Electronic Tongue. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:25-33. [PMID: 31760746 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholamine neurotransmitters, specifically, dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP), and norepinephrine (NE), are known as substantial indicators of various neurological diseases. Developing rapid detection methods capable of simultaneously screening their concentrations is highly desired for early clinical diagnosis of such diseases. To this aim, we have designed an optical sensor array using three fluorescent dyes with distinct emission bands and have monitored variations in their emission profiles upon the addition of DA, EP, and NE in the presence of gold ions. Because of the different reducing power of catecholamines, differently sized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with different levels of aggregation were generated, resulting in different amounts of spectral overlap between the absorption band of the in situ generated plasmonic GNPs and the emission bands of the fluorescent dyes. These energy-transfer-based fingerprint profiles were used to discriminate the neurotransmitters by applying pattern recognition methods including linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and artificial neural networks (ANN) and to determine their concentration using multiple linear regression (MLR). Our proposed array also showed a good performance in the discrimination of DA, EP, and NE in complex biological media such as human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Jafarinejad
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Arafeh Bigdeli
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9516, Iran
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran 14176-13151, Iran
| | - Pezhman Sasanpour
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
- School of Nanoscience, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), P.O. Box 19395-5531, Tehran, Iran
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Yadav M, Parle M, Sharma N, Dhingra S, Raina N, Jindal DK. Brain targeted oral delivery of doxycycline hydrochloride encapsulated Tween 80 coated chitosan nanoparticles against ketamine induced psychosis: behavioral, biochemical, neurochemical and histological alterations in mice. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1429-1440. [PMID: 28942680 PMCID: PMC8241001 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1377315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop statistically optimized brain targeted Tween 80 coated chitosan nanoparticulate formulation for oral delivery of doxycycline hydrochloride for the treatment of psychosis and to evaluate its protective effect on ketamine induced behavioral, biochemical, neurochemical and histological alterations in mice. 32 full factorial design was used to optimize the nanoparticulate formulation to minimize particle size and maximize entrapment efficiency, while independent variables chosen were concentration of chitosan and Tween 80. The optimized formulation was characterized by particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, Fourier transform infrared, Transmission electron microscopy analysis and drug release behavior. Pure doxycycline hydrochloride (25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o.) and optimized doxycycline hydrochloride encapsulated Tween 80 coated chitosan nanoparticles (DCNPopt) (equivalent to 25 mg/kg doxycycline hydrochloride, p.o.) were explored against ketamine induced psychosis in mice. The experimental studies for DCNPopt, with mean particle size 237 nm and entrapment efficiency 78.16%, elucidated that the formulation successfully passed through blood brain barrier and exhibited significant antipsychotic activity. The underlying mechanism of action was further confirmed by behavioral, biochemical, neurochemical estimations and histopathological study. Significantly enhanced GABA and GSH level and diminished MDA, TNF-α and dopamine levels were observed after administration of DCNPopt at just half the dose of pure doxycycline hydrochloride, showing better penetration of doxycyline hydrochloride in the form of Tween 80 coated nanoparticles through blood brain barrier. This study demonstrates the hydrophilic drug doxycycline hydrochloride, loaded in Tween 80 coated chitosan nanoparticles, can be effectively brain targeted through oral delivery and therefore represents a suitable approach for the treatment of psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monu Yadav
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Milind Parle
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Neha Raina
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Jindal
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
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Jafarinejad S, Ghazi-Khansari M, Ghasemi F, Sasanpour P, Hormozi-Nezhad MR. Colorimetric Fingerprints of Gold Nanorods for Discriminating Catecholamine Neurotransmitters in Urine Samples. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8266. [PMID: 28811657 PMCID: PMC5557886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholamine neurotransmitters, generally including dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP) and norepinephrine (NE) are known as substantial indicators of various neurological diseases. Simultaneous detection of these compounds and their metabolites is highly recommended in early clinical diagnosis. To this aim, in the present contribution, a high performance colorimetric sensor array has been proposed for the detection and discrimination of catecholamines based on their reducing ability to deposit silver on the surface of gold nanorods (AuNRs). The amassed silver nanoshell led to a blue shift in the longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak of AuNRs, creating a unique pattern for each of the neurotransmitters. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and linear discriminate analysis (LDA) pattern recognition techniques were employed to identify DA, EP and NE. The proposed colorimetric array is able to differentiate among individual neurotransmitters as well as their mixtures, successfully. Finally, it was shown that the sensor array can identify these neurotransmitters in human urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Jafarinejad
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box, 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Ghasemi
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9516, Iran
| | - Pezhman Sasanpour
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang SM, Han C, Lee SJ, Jun TY, Patkar AA, Masand PS, Pae CU. Investigational dopamine antagonists for the treatment of schizophrenia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:687-698. [PMID: 28443355 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1323870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a debilitating illness with a chronic impact on social function and daily living. Although various antipsychotics are available, there are still many challenges and unmet needs. Thus, many compounds with diverse mechanisms have been investigated, but all approved antipsychotics still require interactions with dopamine D2 receptors. Areas covered: We searched for investigational drugs using the key words 'dopamine' and 'schizophrenia' in American and European clinical trial registers (clinicaltrials.gov; clinicaltrialsregister.eu). Published articles were searched in PubMed, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), the Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Library. Expert opinion: The prospect of developing a dopamine antagonist is hopeful. Brexpiprazole and cariprazine, which were agents listed as 'investigational dopamine antagonists,' just received FDA approval. Novel agents such as BL 1020, ITI-007, and JNJ-37822681 have solid published data available, and agents such as L-THP, Lu AF35700, S33138, and SB-773812 are under vigorous investigation. However, the expected benefits of the newly developed antagonists may not be great because they offer little enhanced efficacy for negative symptoms, cognition and functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Min Wang
- a Department of Psychiatry , The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b International Health Care Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Changsu Han
- c Department of Psychiatry , Korea University, College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Lee
- a Department of Psychiatry , The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youn Jun
- a Department of Psychiatry , The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ashwin A Patkar
- d Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Prakash S Masand
- e Global Medical Education , New York , NY , USA.,f Department of Psychiatry , Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore
| | - Chi-Un Pae
- a Department of Psychiatry , The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,d Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
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Potential drug targets and treatment of schizophrenia. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:277-292. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Sensitive determination of neurotransmitters in urine by microchip electrophoresis with multiple-concentration approaches combining field-amplified and reversed-field stacking. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1025:33-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Brexpiprazole (OPC-34712) is a novel serotonin-dopamine activity modulator, which has recently been approved by the U.S Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of schizophrenia. The aim of this paper is to systematically synthesize all data of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of Brexpiprazole in treating schizophrenia. The terms 'Brexpiprazole', 'OPC-34712' and 'schizophrenia' were searched. A total of 12 clinical trials with 7 available data records were found. The pooled effect size of Brexpiprazole 1 mg, 2 mg and 4 mg were all superior to placebo in terms of the change from baseline in positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) total score at week 6 (weighted mean difference = -3.74, p = 0.044; weighted mean difference = -5.76, p < 0.01 and weighted mean difference = -7.03, p < 0.01, respectively) when compared to that of the placebo in treating acute schizophrenia. Brexpiprazole displays a good safety and tolerability profile. The incidence of akathisia, headache, insomnia, sedation, agitation, diarrhea, weight gained, nausea, and dyspepsia are comparable to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Yee
- a Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Malaya Center for Addiction Sciences (UMCAS), Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Oosterhof CA, El Mansari M, Bundgaard C, Blier P. Brexpiprazole Alters Monoaminergic Systems following Repeated Administration: an in Vivo Electrophysiological Study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 19:pyv111. [PMID: 26428352 PMCID: PMC4815476 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brexpiprazole was recently approved as adjunctive therapy for depression and treatment of schizophrenia in adults. To complement results from a previous study in which its acute effects were characterized, the present study assessed the effect of repeated brexpiprazole administration on monoaminergic systems. METHODS Brexpiprazole (1mg/kg, subcutaneous) or vehicle was administered once daily for 2 and 14 days. Single-unit electrophysiological recordings from noradrenaline neurons in the locus coeruleus, serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus, dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area, and pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus CA3 region were obtained in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats under chloral hydrate anesthesia within 4 hours after final dosing. RESULTS Brexpiprazole blunted D2 autoreceptor responsiveness, while firing activity of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons remained unaltered. Brexpiprazole increased the firing rate of locus coeruleus noradrenaline neurons and increased noradrenaline tone on α2-adrenergic receptors in the hippocampus. Administration of brexpiprazole for 2 but not 14 days increased the firing rate of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus. In the hippocampus, serotonin1A receptor blockade significantly disinhibited pyramidal neurons after 2- and 14-day brexpiprazole administration. In contrast, no significant disinhibition occurred after 24-hour washout or acute brexpiprazole. CONCLUSIONS Repeated brexpiprazole administration resulted in a marked occupancy of D2 autoreceptors, while discharge activity of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons remained unaltered. Brexpiprazole enhanced serotonergic and noradrenergic tone in the hippocampus, effects common to antidepressant agents. Together, these results provide further insight in the neural mechanisms by which brexpiprazole exerts antidepressant and antipsychotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Oosterhof
- Institute of Mental Health Research (Dr Oosterhof, Dr El Mansari, and Dr Blier), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (Dr Oosterhof and Dr Blier), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Neuroscience Drug Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (Dr Bundgaard).
| | - Mostafa El Mansari
- Institute of Mental Health Research (Dr Oosterhof, Dr El Mansari, and Dr Blier), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (Dr Oosterhof and Dr Blier), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Neuroscience Drug Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (Dr Bundgaard)
| | - Christoffer Bundgaard
- Institute of Mental Health Research (Dr Oosterhof, Dr El Mansari, and Dr Blier), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (Dr Oosterhof and Dr Blier), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Neuroscience Drug Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (Dr Bundgaard)
| | - Pierre Blier
- Institute of Mental Health Research (Dr Oosterhof, Dr El Mansari, and Dr Blier), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (Dr Oosterhof and Dr Blier), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Neuroscience Drug Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (Dr Bundgaard)
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Oosterhof CA, El Mansari M, Blier P. Acute Effects of Brexpiprazole on Serotonin, Dopamine, and Norepinephrine Systems: An In Vivo Electrophysiologic Characterization. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:585-95. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.218578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Neural substrates underlying effort computation in schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:2649-65. [PMID: 24035741 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The lack of initiative, drive or effort in patients with schizophrenia is linked to marked functional impairments. However, our assessment of effort and motivation is crude, relying on clinical rating scales based largely on patient recall. In order to better understand the neurobiology of effort in schizophrenia, we need more rigorous measurements of this construct. In the behavioural neuroscience literature, decades of work has been carried out developing various paradigms to examine the neural underpinnings of an animal's willingness to expend effort for a reward. Here, we shall review this literature on the nature of paradigms used in rodents to assess effort, as well as those used in humans. Next, the neurobiology of these effort-based decisions will be discussed. We shall then review what is known about effort in schizophrenia, and what might be inferred from experiments done in other human populations. Lastly, we shall discuss future directions of research that may assist in shedding light on the neurobiology of effort cost computations in schizophrenia.
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