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Liu Z, Zhao L, Feng Y, Wang Q, Dong N, Zhang Y, Yin T, He H, Tang X, Gou J, Yang L. Dual-responsive PEG-lipid polyester nanoparticles for siRNA and vaccine delivery elicit anti-cancer immune responses by modulating tumor microenvironment. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6619-6634. [PMID: 37608695 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01265d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccine-based immunotherapy has great potential; however, the vaccines have been hindered by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, dual-responsive PEG-lipid polyester nanoparticles (PEG BR647-NPs) for tumor-targeted delivery were proposed. PEG BR647-NPs containing the model tumor-associated antigen (TAA) OVA and the signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) siRNA were delivered to the tumor. The PEG BR647-NPs were internalized by tumor-associated dendritic cells (TADCs), where the TAA and siRNA were released into the cytoplasm via the endo/lysosome escape effect. The released OVA was presented by the major histocompatibility complex class I to activate T cells, and the released STAT3 siRNA acted to relieve TADC dysfunction, promote TADC maturation, improve antigen-presenting ability, and enhance anticancer T cell immunity. Meanwhile, the PEG BR647-NPs were ingested by tumor cells, killing them by the pro-apoptosis effect of STAT3 siRNA. Moreover, PEG BR647-NPs could reduce the proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in tumors and abrogate immunosuppression. The integration of relieved TADC dysfunction, promoted TADC maturation, enhanced antigen cross-presentation, abrogated immunosuppression, and improved pro-apoptosis effect boosted the vaccination for tumor immunotherapy. Thus, PEG BR647-NPs efficiently delivered the vaccine and STAT3 siRNA to the tumor and modulated immunosuppressive TME, thus providing better antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110116, China.
| | - Linxuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yupeng Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110116, China.
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110116, China.
| | - Nan Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110116, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110116, China.
| | - Tian Yin
- Department of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110116, China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110116, China.
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110116, China.
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110116, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110116, China.
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Geng Z, Chen M, Yu Q, Guo S, Chen T, Liu D. Histone Modification of Colorectal Cancer by Natural Products. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1095. [PMID: 37631010 PMCID: PMC10458348 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products play important roles in the pathogenesis of many human malignancies, including colorectal cancer, and can act as a gene regulator in many cancers. They regulate malignant cell growth through many cellular signal pathways, including Rac family small GTPase 1 (RAC1)/PI3K/AKT (α-serine/threonine-protein kinase), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Wnt/β-catenin pathway, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), the Notch pathway, Hippo pathway, and Hedgehog pathway. In this review, we describe the epigenetic roles of several natural products, e.g., platycodin D (PD), ginsenoside Rd, tretinoin, Rutin, curcumin, clove extract, betulinic acid, resveratrol, and curcumin, in colorectal cancer, including their impact on colorectal cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and anti-chemotherapeutic resistance. The aim is to illustrate the epigenetic mechanisms of action of natural products in cancer prevention and treatment, and to provide (1) a theoretical basis for the study of the role of epigenetics in influencing colorectal cancer; (2) new directions for studying the occurrence, development, and prognosis of colorectal cancer; and (3) new targets for treating and preventing colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tianli Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (Z.G.); (M.C.); (Q.Y.); (S.G.)
| | - Da Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (Z.G.); (M.C.); (Q.Y.); (S.G.)
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Rizzo A, Mollica V, Santoni M, Massari F. Cancer Immunotherapy: Harnessing the Immune System to Fight Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6356. [PMID: 36362584 PMCID: PMC9658344 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of cancer immunotherapy has represented an unprecedented revolution in patients with hematological and solid tumors [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Oncologia Medica per la Presa in Carico Globale del Paziente Oncologico “Don Tonino Bello”, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni-15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Macerata General Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni-15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Wang J, Sun Q, Wu J, Tian W, Wang H, Liu H. Identification of four STAT3 isoforms and functional investigation of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 135:104484. [PMID: 35764161 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a major regulator of immune response and chronic inflammatory, which can be activated by interleukin-6 (IL-6). In mammals, STAT3 has multiple isoforms, and its function has been well studied. In teleost, a single stat3 has been cloned and identified in several species, but studies on its function are limited. In the present study, four stat3 isoforms including mastat3α1, mastat3α2, mastat3β1 and mastat3β2 were identified from blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). The results of quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed that four mastat3 transcripts were ubiquitously expressed in all 10 tissues examined. After Aeromonas hydrophila challenge, the expression patterns of mastat3a1, mastat3a2 and mastat3β2 were similar, but significantly different from that of mastat3β1. In addition, western blot showed that rmaIL-6+rmasIL-6R (IL-6 trans-signaling) significantly up-regulated phosphorylation levels of the four maSTAT3 isoforms and mRNA levels of the il-10, il-11, tnf-a, socs3a and socs3b genes, while rmaIL-6 (IL-6 classical signaling) only significantly up-regulated phosphorylation levels of the two maSTAT3α isoforms and mRNA levels of the il-10, socs3a and socs3b genes. Meanwhile, overexpression or inhibition of JAK2 could significantly change the STAT3 phosphorylation. Finally, JAK2 and STAT3 inhibitors could significantly inhibit the up-regulation of il-10, il-11, tnf-a, socs3a and socs3b induced by rmaIL-6+rmasIL-6R or rmaIL-6. To sum up, this study reveals the functional distinctions and overlaps among the four maSTAT3 isoforms in blunt snout bream and reveals the differential regulation of IL-6 classical signaling and trans-signaling on downstream immune genes via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, enriching our knowledge of fish's defense mechanisms against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiu Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qianhui Sun
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wanping Tian
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanling Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Mohanta YK, Nayak D, Mishra AK, Chakrabartty I, Ray MK, Mohanta TK, Tayung K, Rajaganesh R, Vasanthakumaran M, Muthupandian S, Murugan K, Sharma G, Dahms HU, Hwang JS. Green Synthesis of Endolichenic Fungi Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles: The Role in Antimicrobial, Anti-Cancer, and Mosquitocidal Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810626. [PMID: 36142546 PMCID: PMC9502095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Green nanotechnology is currently a very crucial and indispensable technology for handling diverse problems regarding the living planet. The concoction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has opened new insights in cancer therapy. The current investigation caters to the concept of the involvement of a novel eco-friendly avenue to produce AgNPs employing the wild endolichenic fungus Talaromyces funiculosus. The synthesized Talaromyces funiculosus–AgNPs were evaluated with the aid of UV visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesized Talaromyces funiculosus–AgNPs (TF-AgNPs) exhibited hemo-compatibility as evidenced by a hemolytic assay. Further, they were evaluated for their efficacy against foodborne pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Listeria innocua, and Micrococcus luteus and nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Bacillus subtilis bacterial strains. The synthesized TF-AgNPs displayed cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner against MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells and eventually condensed the chromatin material observed through the Hoechst 33342 stain. Subsequent analysis using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy provided the inference of a possible role of intracellular ROS (OH−, O−, H2O2, and O2−) radicals in the destruction of mitochondria, DNA machinery, the nucleus, and overall damage of the cellular machinery of breast cancerous cells. The combined effect of predation by the cyclopoid copepod Mesocyclops aspericornis and TF-AgNPS for the larval management of dengue vectors were provided. A promising larval control was evident after the conjunction of both predatory organisms and bio-fabricated nanoparticles. Thus, this study provides a novel, cost-effective, extracellular approach of TF-AgNPs production with hemo-compatible, antioxidant, and antimicrobial efficacy against both human and foodborne pathogens with cytotoxicity (dose dependent) towards MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Department of Wildlife and Biodiversity Conservation, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanj Deo University, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India
| | | | - Ishani Chakrabartty
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | - Manjit Kumar Ray
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Kumananda Tayung
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | | | | | - Saravanan Muthupandian
- AMR and Nanotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, Chennai, India
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gouridutta Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-U.D.); (J.-S.H.)
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-U.D.); (J.-S.H.)
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6
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Statin use improves the efficacy of nivolumab in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2022; 172:191-198. [PMID: 35780525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are widely used in an ageing population, including subjects with solid malignancies. However, no conclusive evidence is currently available on their potential influence on patients' outcome. We aimed to assess whether statin exposure affects the survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with nivolumab. PATIENTS AND METHODS Medical records of patients with documented mRCC treated with second- or third-line nivolumab were reviewed at ten institutions from Italy, Spain and the USA. Patients were assessed for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall clinical benefit. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore the association of variables of interest with survival. RESULTS A total of 219 patients with mRCC receiving nivolumab between January 2016 and September 2021 were eligible for inclusion in this study; 59 (27%) were statin users. The median OS (34.4 versus 18.6 months, p = 0.017) and PFS (11.7 versus 4.6 months, p = 0.013) resulted apparently longer in statin users. Stratified by age, longer median OS and PFS were associated with statin exposure in both patients aged ≥70 y (median OS: 21.4 versus 10.1 months, p = 0.047; median PFS: 16.4 versus 4.6 months, p = 0.022) and <70 y (median OS: 34.4 versus 21.4 months, p = 0.043; median PFS: 10.3 versus 4.6 months, p = 0.042). Overall clinical benefit resulted higher in statin users than non-users (71% versus 54%, p = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests a prognostic impact of statin use in patients receiving nivolumab for mRCC.
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Kim B, Lee K, Park B. Minecoside promotes apoptotic progression through STAT3 inactivation in breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:94. [PMID: 35154425 PMCID: PMC8822415 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women worldwide, and is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in cancer patients. Constitutive activation of STAT3 has been found in a variety of malignant tumors, including breast cancer. Since STAT3 activation is capable of regulating various important features of tumor cells, identification of a novel STAT3 inhibitor is considered a potential strategy for treating breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to examine whether minecoside (MIN), an active compound extracted from Veronica peregrina L., exerts an antitumor effect by inhibiting STAT3 signaling pathway in MDA-MB-231 cells. The results revealed that MIN inhibited the constitutive STAT3 activation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. MIN also blocked the nuclear translocation of STAT3 and suppressed STAT3-DNA binding. In addition, MIN downregulated the STAT3-mediated expression of proteins such as Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, CXCR4, VEGF, and cyclin D1. Subsequently, MIN promoted the caspase-dependent apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Overall, results of the present study provide evidence that MIN exerted anticancer activity via inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway. Further studies using animal models are required to determine the potential of this molecule as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dalseo‑Gu, Daegu, North Gyeongsang 704‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 339‑770, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungduck Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dalseo‑Gu, Daegu, North Gyeongsang 704‑701, Republic of Korea
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Liu D, Luo H, Qiao C. SHP-1/STAT3 Interaction Is Related to Luteolin-Induced Myocardial Ischemia Protection. Inflammation 2021; 45:88-99. [PMID: 34460026 PMCID: PMC8403691 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Prevention and management of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a key step in coronary heart disease surgery. Luteolin is a falconoid compound that has an antioxidant effect, but its mechanism in I/R injury in vivo and in vitro is still under explored. This study attempted to reveal the role of luteolin (Lut) in I/R through mediation of the Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. To establish I/R rat models, the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was ligated for 30 min and re-perfused for 1 h in Lut-pretreated or nude rats. Comparisons between infarct area, cardiac dysfunction, and myocardial cell death and inflammatory reaction were performed in I/R-induced rats. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) cell models were established by stimulating H9c2 cells with 95% nitrogen and 5% carbon dioxide. Simultaneously, H/R-related cell death and inflammatory reactions were investigated following Lut treatment. The target protein of Lut was identified using western blotting. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were also measured in serum or Lut-pretreated cell culture medium. The results revealed that compared with the I/R group, Lut treatment could significantly decrease myocardial infarction (MI) area, increase left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and decrease cell death and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum. Decreased apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines were also observed in H/R cells after Lut treatment. Lut treatment downregulated SHP-1 expression and subsequently upregulated STAT3 phosphorylation in both I/R rat heart tissue and H9c2 cells. The findings of the current study suggest that Lut can protect the heart and reduce MI area, cell apoptosis rate, and inflammatory level in I/R models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Liu
- Cardiovascular Surgery II, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Cardiovascular Surgery II, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chenhui Qiao
- Cardiovascular Surgery II, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. .,Cardiovascular Surgery II, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
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Tanshinone IIA sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis in glioblastoma through inducing the expression of death receptors (and suppressing STAT3 activation). Brain Res 2021; 1766:147515. [PMID: 33984327 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work was designed to explore whether the combination of Tanshinone IIA (T-IIA) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has a direct anti-cancer effect in glioblastoma (GBM) and the possible mechanisms. METHODS GBM cells (U-87 and U-251 MG) were treated with T-IIA or/and TRAIL, or the expression of death receptors (DRs), DR4 and DR5, was suppressed in GBM cells. The activity of GBM cells was determined by MTT, and the apoptosis was assessed by Hoechst33342 staining and flow cytometry. The expression levels of cleaved caspase-3/8/9, phosphorylated (p)-STAT3 as well as DR4 and DR5 in GBM cells were assessed by Western blotting. A nude mouse xenograft model was constructed to evaluate the effects of T-IIA and TRAIL cotreatment on tumor growth and apoptosis in vivo. RESULTS After T-IIA treatment, GBM cells resumed the sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis dependent on inhibition of p-STAT3 and activation of DR4, DR5 and caspases. DR4 or/and DR5 knockdown significantly abated the co-effect of T-IIA and TRAIL on GBM cell apoptosis and proliferation. Furthermore, T-IIA and TRAIL cotreatment markedly inhibited the growth of transplanted tumor and activated U87 cell apoptosis in nude mice. CONCLUSION T-IIA increases TRAIL-induced apoptosis by downregulating STAT3 and upregulating DR4 and DR5, indicating T-IIA therapy as a novel treatment strategy for TRAIL-resistant GBM.
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Rizzo A, Mollica V, Giunchi F, Dall'Olio FG, Rosellini M, Marchetti A, Franceschini T, Schiavina R, Brunocilla E, Fiorentino M, Ardizzoni A, Massari F. Impact of HER2 assessment by CISH in urothelial carcinoma: A retrospective single-center experience. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 220:153410. [PMID: 33765474 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, HER2 amplification has been evaluated as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in urothelial carcinoma (UC). In this retrospective study, we aimed at exploring the prognostic role of HER2 amplification in UC, measured by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the presence of HER2 amplification by using CISH in 31 UC patients followed at a single institution between 2018 and 2020. The primary objective was to assess the frequency of HER2 amplification and to compare clinical outcomes of HER2-amplified patients with non-amplified UCs. RESULTS HER2 amplification was identified in 4 out of 31 patients (12.9 %). After a median follow-up of 28.1 months (95 % Confidence Intervals [CI] 11.2-45.1), median overall survival (OS) in the whole population was 10.9 months (95 % CI 3.5-22.1). Despite not reaching statistical significance, median OS was shorter in HER2-amplified patients (6.8 months, 95 % CI 3.9-9.7) compared to HER2-negative UCs (15.4 months, 95 % CI 7.5-23.3) (p = 0.45). CONCLUSIONS Although limited by the small sample size, the results of our study suggest that HER2 amplifications by CISH could represent a prognostic factor for shorter survival in UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Giunchi
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Gustavo Dall'Olio
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Rosellini
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tania Franceschini
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Schiavina
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eugenio Brunocilla
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Department of Specialistic Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy.
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Santoni M, Miccini F, Cimadamore A, Piva F, Massari F, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A, Montironi R, Battelli N. An update on investigational therapies that target STAT3 for the treatment of cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:245-251. [PMID: 33599169 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1891222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is involved in cancer initiation and resistance to chemo-radiation therapies and targeted agents. The role of STAT3 in inflammation and immunity together with its involvement in a variety of diseases including genitourinary, gastrointestinal, lung, ovarian and brain tumors makes STAT3 an ideal candidate for therapeutic strategies. AREAS COVERED The authors provided an overview on STAT3 inhibitors and examined the most recent results obtained by these agents in cancer patients. The authors discussed the results published since 2015 and the ongoing clinical trials on anti-STAT3 agents in cancer patients. The authors also provide our opinion on the future perspectives of this therapeutic approach in this context. The manuscript includes information from trial databases and scientific literature. EXPERT OPINION Future challenges include the development of non-peptide small-molecule inhibitors of STAT3 designed to directly inhibit STAT3 activity. In addition, inhibitors of STAT3/STAT3 nuclear translocation or DNA binding activity are also emerging as novel promising therapeutic approaches A better comprehension of the role of STAT3 in modulating immune response together with advances in understanding the mechanisms of STAT3-induced chemo and/or radio-resistance will also help the design of combined strategies in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Santoni
- U.O.C Medical Oncology, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piva
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Italy
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Antonio Lopez-Beltran
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cordoba University, Cordoba, Spain.,Anatomic Pathology, Champalimaud Clinical Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
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12
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Santoni M, Massari F, Santoni G, Cimadamore A, Montironi R, Battelli N. Re: Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Macrophages for Cancer Immunotherapy. Eur Urol 2021; 79:887-889. [PMID: 33549360 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Massari
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE One of the most important serious malignancies is gastric cancer (GC) with a high mortality globally. In this way, beside the environmental factors, genetic parameter has a remarkable effective fluctuation in GC. Correspondingly, telomeres are nucleoprotein structures measuring the length of telomeres and they have special potential in diagnosis of various types of cancers. Defect protection of the telomeric length initiates the instability of the genome during cancer, including gastric cancer. The most common way of maintaining telomere length is the function of the telomerase enzyme that replicates the TTAGGG to the end of the 3' chromosome. METHODS In this review, we want to discuss the alterations of hTERT repression on the modification of TERRA gene expression in conjunction with the importance of telomere and telomerase in GC. RESULTS The telomerase enzyme contains two essential components called telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and RNA telomerase (hTR, hTERC). Deregulation of hTERT plays a key role in the multistage process of tumorigenicity and anticancer drug resistance. The direct relationship between telomerase activity and hTERT has led to hTERT to be considered a key target for cancer treatment. Recent results show that telomeres are transcribed into telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) in mammalian cells and are long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) identified in different tissues. In addition, most chemotherapy methods have a lot of side effects on normal cells. CONCLUSION Telomere and telomerase are useful therapeutic goal. According to the main roles of hTERT in tumorigenesis, growth, migration, and cancer invasion, hTERT and regulatory mechanisms that control the expression of hTERT are attractive therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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14
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STAT3 transcription factor as target for anti-cancer therapy. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1101-1124. [PMID: 32880101 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
STATs constitute a large family of transcription activators and transducers of signals that have an important role in many cell functions as regulation of proliferation and differentiation of the cell also regulation of apoptosis and angiogenesis. STAT3 as a member of that family, recently was discovered to have a vital role in progression of different types of cancers. The activation of STAT3 was observed to regulate multiple gene functions during cancer-like cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, metastasis, inflammation, immunity, cell survival, and angiogenesis. The inhibition of STAT3 activation has been an important target for cancer therapy. Inhibitors of STAT3 have been used for a long time for treatment of many types of cancers like leukemia, melanoma, colon, and renal cancer. In this review article, we summarize and discuss different drugs inhibiting the action of STAT3 and used in treatment of different types of cancer.
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Rizzo A, Ricci AD, Tavolari S, Brandi G. Circulating Tumor DNA in Biliary Tract Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:441-452. [PMID: 32859625 PMCID: PMC7472453 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood of cancer patients "physiologically" presents cells and cellular components deriving from primary or metastatic sites, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating free DNA (cfDNA) and exosomes containing proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. The term circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) indicates the part of cfDNA which derives from primary tumors and/or metastatic sites, carrying tumor-specific genetic or epigenetic alterations. Analysis of ctDNA has enormous potential applications in all stages of cancer management, including earlier diagnosis of cancer, identification of driver alterations, monitoring of treatment response and detection of resistance mechanisms. Thus, ctDNA has the potential to profoundly change current clinical practice, by moving from tissue to peripheral blood as a source of information. Herein, we review current literature regarding the potential role for ctDNA in biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients, with a particular focus on state-of-the-art techniques and future perspectives of this highly aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Tavolari
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Brandi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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16
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Morris EJ, Gillespie JA, Maxwell CA, Dedhar S. A Model of Differential Mammary Growth Initiation by Stat3 and Asymmetric Integrin-α6 Inheritance. Cell Rep 2020; 30:3605-3615.e5. [PMID: 32187533 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cancer-related genes both promote and paradoxically suppress growth initiation, depending on the cell context. We discover an explanation for how this occurs for one such protein, Stat3, based on asymmetric cell division. Here, we show that Stat3, by Stathmin/PLK-1, regulates mitotic spindle orientation, and we use it to create and test a model for differential growth initiation. We demonstrate that Integrin-α6 is polarized and required for mammary growth initiation. Spindles orient relative to polar Integrin-α6, dividing perpendicularly in normal cells and parallel in tumor-derived cells, resulting in asymmetric or symmetric Integrin-α6 inheritance, respectively. Stat3 inhibition randomizes spindle orientation, which promotes normal growth initiation while reducing tumor-derived growth initiation. Lipid raft disruption depolarizes Integrin-α6, inducing spindle-orientation-independent Integrin-α6 inheritance. Stat3 inhibition no longer affects the growth of these cells, suggesting Stat3 acts through the regulation of spindle orientation to control growth initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Morris
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Jordan A Gillespie
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher A Maxwell
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Kim EO, Kang SE, Choi M, Rhee KJ, Yun M. CCR4‑NOT transcription complex subunit 2 regulates TRAIL sensitivity in non‑small‑cell lung cancer cells via the STAT3 pathway. Int J Mol Med 2019; 45:324-332. [PMID: 31894259 PMCID: PMC6984779 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAIL is an attractive candidate for anticancer therapy in a variety of tumors since it targets only tumors and not normal tissue. However, a remaining major hurdle is that the majority of tumors exhibit a resistance mechanism against the effects of TRAIL via the induction of anti-apoptotic signaling pathways. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether the modulation of CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 2 (CNOT2) function can promote TRAIL sensitivity in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. CNOT2 depletion partially decreased colony numbers and the proliferation of NSCLC cells. When combined with TRAIL, the suppression of CNOT2 expression markedly decreased the survival rate and increased apoptosis, as compared with TRAIL treatment alone in TRAIL-resistant NSCLC cells. Of note, CNOT2 overexpression in TRAIL-sensitive H460 cells enhanced the survival rate and decreased apoptosis when compared with TRAIL treatment alone. Gene expression analysis indicated that genes involved in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway were dominantly altered in the CNOT2-depleted A549 cells. Under this condition, Src homology region 2 domain containing phosphatase-1 (SHP1) was significantly upregulated and subsequently increased apoptosis. On the whole, the findings of this study demonstrate that CNOT2 participates in TRAIL sensitivity in NSCLC cells via the regulation of the STAT3 signaling pathway, and suggest that combination therapy with CNOT2 depletion and TRAIL treatment may prove to be a useful strategy for overcoming TRAIL resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ok Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi-Eun Kang
- Korean Medicine Clinical Trail Center, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Choi
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jong Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University at Wonju, Wonju, Gangwon‑do 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyong Yun
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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18
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Heidarian E, Keloushadi M. Antiproliferative and Anti-invasion Effects of Carvacrol on PC3 Human Prostate Cancer Cells through Reducing pSTAT3, pAKT, and pERK1/2 Signaling Proteins. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:156. [PMID: 32133074 PMCID: PMC6827259 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_292_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most effective parameters in the progression of the prostate cancer is interleukin (IL)-6 through affecting pSTAT3, pERK1/2, and pAKT cell signaling proteins. Carvacrol is an herbal antioxidant with antitumor effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of carvacrol on IL-6 gene expression, pSTAT3, pAKT, pERK1/2 cellular signaling proteins, and invasion in human prostate cancer PC3 cells. METHODS PC3 cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay with different concentrations of carvacrol (0-800 μM). IL-6 gene expression and cellular concentration of pSTAT3, pERK1/2, and pAKT were investigated using the real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting technic, respectively. PC3 cell invasion was determined by invasion assay test. RESULTS Carvacrol IC50 for PC3 prostate cancer cells was 360 μM. Carvacrol led to a significant reduction (P < 0.05) for IL-6 gene expression in a dose-dependent manner compared to control. IL-6 protein reduced 41.5% and 52.7% when compared with control cells at 360 and 420 μM of carvacrol, respectively. Carvacrol led to a decline in pSTAT3, pAKT, and pERK1/2 above 360 μM compared to control. PC3 potential invasion was significantly reduced after treatment with carvacrol in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Decreased IL-6 protein level by carvacrol resulted in diminishing of pSTAT3, pERK1/2, and pAKT signaling proteins, which leads to the reduction of the cell survival, proliferation, and invasion in PC3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esfandiar Heidarian
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Keloushadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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19
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Chen Q, Lv J, Yang W, Xu B, Wang Z, Yu Z, Wu J, Yang Y, Han Y. Targeted inhibition of STAT3 as a potential treatment strategy for atherosclerosis. Theranostics 2019; 9:6424-6442. [PMID: 31588227 PMCID: PMC6771242 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main pathological basis of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and has attracted more attention in recent years. Multiple studies have demonstrated that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays essential roles in the process of atherosclerosis. Moreover, aberrant STAT3 activation has been shown to contribute to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the study of STAT3 inhibitors has gradually become a focal research topic. In this review, we describe the crucial roles of STAT3 in endothelial cell dysfunction, macrophage polarization, inflammation, and immunity during atherosclerosis. STAT3 in mitochondria is mentioned as well. Then, we present a summary and classification of STAT3 inhibitors, which could offer potential treatment strategies for atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we enumerate some of the problems that have interfered with the development of mature therapies utilizing STAT3 inhibitors to treat atherosclerosis. Finally, we propose ideas that may help to solve these problems to some extent. Collectively, this review may be useful for developing future STAT3 inhibitor therapies for atherosclerosis.
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20
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Hu X, Saravanakumar K, Jin T, Wang MH. Mycosynthesis, characterization, anticancer and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles from endophytic fungus Talaromyces purpureogenus. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3427-3438. [PMID: 31190801 PMCID: PMC6515543 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s200817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have wider range of biomedical applications. The present work synthesized Tp-AgNPs using mycelial extract of endophytic fungus Talaromyces purpureogenus (MEEF), characterized, and analyzed for antibacterial, anti-proliferation and cell wounding healing activities. Methods: The synthesized Tp-AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), field emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size analysis (PSA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Further, antibacterial activity was determined by Kirby–Bauer test and anti-proliferation activity was tested in human lung carcinoma A549 by water-soluble tetrazolium and flow cytometer assay. In addition, cell wounding healing activity was determined by scratch assay. Results: UV-Vis results displayed a strong absorption peak from 390 nm to 420 nm, which indicated the successful synthesis of Tp-AgNPs. FETEM-EDS results indicated the round and triangle shaped Tp-AgNPs with the average size of 25 nm in accordance with PSA. FTIR analysis indicated the involvement of various functional molecules from MEEF in the synthesis of Tp-AgNPs. XRD result proved nature of Tp-AgNPs as a high-quality crystal. The Tp-AgNPs significantly inhibited the growth of bacterial pathogens at the minimal inhibitory concentration of 16.12 μg.mL−1 for Gram+, and 13.98 μg.mL−1 for Gram− bacteria. Further, Tp-AgNPs (2 μg.mL−1) showed a strong anti-proliferation effect in A549. Interestingly, Tp-AgNPs was not cytotoxic to normal NIH3T3 cells. In addition, the NPs exhibited a strong cell wounding healing activity. Conclusion: This work biosynthesized AgNPs with strong antibacterial, anticancer and cell wound healing properties using endophytic fungus T. purpureogenus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Hu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Tieyan Jin
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
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Prognostic roles of signal transducers and activators of transcription family in human breast cancer. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171175. [PMID: 29326301 PMCID: PMC6294627 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family are critical transcription factors, which have been proved as prognostic predictors for a number of cancers. However, the prognostic roles of STAT family in breast cancer patients remain in dispute. In the present study, we mined the ‘Kaplan–Meier plotter’ (KM plotter) online database to explore the prognostic roles of STAT family mRNA expression in breast cancer including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), as well as post-progression survival (PPS). The results suggest high mRNA expression of all the individual STATs, except STAT1 and STAT2, are significantly associated with favorable OS in breast cancer patients; high STAT1 mRNA expression is significantly associated with worse RFS and all the other individual STATs, except STAT3, are significantly associated with better RFS in breast cancer patients; only high STAT5b mRNA expression is significantly related to better PPS in breast cancer patients. Additionally, we explored the prognostic values of individual STATs in other clinicopathological features, such as pathological grades, estrogen receptor (ER) status and so on. The results suggest, except STAT2 and STAT6, high mRNA expression of STATs is related to a favorable prognosis especially for high pathological grade; high STAT5 mRNA expression indicates a favorable prognosis no matter under ER positive or negative status; high STAT4 mRNA expression suggests a favorable prognosis under human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative status. Our results indicate that individual STATs, except STAT1 and STAT2, may act as a favorable prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. Nevertheless, further investigations on a larger population are warranted.
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Su JC, Chang CH, Wu SH, Shiau CW. Novel imidazopyridine suppresses STAT3 activation by targeting SHP-1. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:1248-1255. [PMID: 30261753 PMCID: PMC6161598 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1497019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The unregulated activation of STAT3 has been demonstrated to occur in many cancers and enhances tumour growth, migration, and invasion. Stimulation by cytokines, growth factors, and hormones triggers this activation by phosphorylating STAT3 at tyrosine 705. Novel imidazopyridine compounds were synthesized to evaluate the inhibition of STAT3 at Y705. Among the tested compounds, 16 reduced the level of phospho-STAT3, inhibited the downstream signalling cascade and subsequently attenuated the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Further assays showed that the reduction effects of compound 16 on tyrosine 705 of STAT3 were attributed to up-regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chen Su
- a Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences , National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan.,b Faculty of Pharmacy , National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Hsun Chang
- c Chairman of the Surgical Department , Cheng Hsin General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hsien Wu
- a Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences , National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wai Shiau
- a Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences , National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan.,d Department of Chemistry , Chung-Yuan Christian University , Chungli , Taiwan
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23
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Arora L, Kumar AP, Arfuso F, Chng WJ, Sethi G. The Role of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) and Its Targeted Inhibition in Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090327. [PMID: 30217007 PMCID: PMC6162647 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a member of the STAT protein family, can be phosphorylated by receptor-associated Janus kinases (JAKs) in response to stimulation by cytokines and growth factors. It forms homo- or heterodimers that can translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. Constitutive activation of STAT3 has been found to be associated with initiation and progression of various cancers. It can exert proliferative as well as anti-apoptotic effects. This review focuses on the role of STAT3 in pathogenesis i.e., proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis of hematological malignancies viz. leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma, and briefly highlights the potential therapeutic approaches developed against STAT3 activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukik Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #11-01M, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Medical Science Cluster, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #11-01M, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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24
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Gao Q, Xiang SD, Wilson K, Madondo M, Stephens AN, Plebanski M. Sperm Protein 17 Expression by Murine Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells and Its Impact on Tumor Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080276. [PMID: 30127274 PMCID: PMC6115966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer testis antigen sperm protein 17 (Sp17) is a promising antigenic target in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) vaccine development. However, its role in ovarian cancer is unclear. We isolated and expanded Sp17+ and Sp17− clones from the murine EOC cell line ID8, and compared their in-vitro cell growth characteristics and in-vivo tumorigenicity. We also examined the potential co-expression of molecules that may influence cancer cell survival and interaction with immune cells. These include stimulatory and immunosuppressive molecules, such as major histocompatibility class I molecules (MHC I), MHC II, cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), CD73, CD39, tumor necrosis factor receptor II (TNFRII), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Whilst the presence of Sp17 was not correlated with the ID8 cell proliferation/growth capacity in vitro, it was critical to enable progressive tumor formation in vivo. Flow cytometry revealed that Sp17+ ID8 cells displayed higher expression of both STAT3 and PD-L1, whilst MHC II expression was lower. Moreover, Sp17high (PD-L1+MHCII−) cell populations showed significantly enhanced resistance to Paclitaxel-induced cell death in vitro compared to Sp17low (PD-L1−MHCII+) cells, which was associated in turn with increased STAT3 expression. Together, the data support Sp17 as a factor associated with in-vivo tumor progression and chemo-resistance, validating it as a suitable target for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Sue D Xiang
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Kirsty Wilson
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Mutsa Madondo
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Andrew N Stephens
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
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Li YP, Wang WZ, Chen XQ, Li LB, Liang ZY, Ru K, Li JN. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 for the Differentiation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Cirrhosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:2686-2690. [PMID: 29133756 PMCID: PMC5695053 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.218016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Overexpression and constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 have been suggested in the tumorigenesis of many human cancers, including multiple carcinomas, melanoma, and lymphoma. The diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in lobectomy specimens is usually straightforward, but distinguishing cirrhosis from well-differentiated HCC can be challenging in core biopsies. Our aims were to investigate the expression level of STAT3 and phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) in HCC and cirrhosis, and the application of STAT3 in the differential diagnosis of HCC and cirrhosis. Methods: Sixty cases were divided into three groups: patients with HCC only (Group 1), HCC and cirrhosis (Group 2), and cirrhosis only (Group 3). Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections were stained immunohistochemically for STAT3, pSTAT3, and CD163. The values obtained from the tissue sections of each group were compared in statistical analysis. Results: STAT3 showed a high level in HCC and was a significant marker for differentiating HCC from cirrhosis (P < 0.0001). The odds ratio between HCC and cirrhosis increased 34.4 times when the intensity of STAT3 increased by 1 level. Spearman's correlation and Chi-square tests also demonstrated that expression level of STAT3 did not correlate with age, gender, or the presence of a cirrhotic background. Conclusions: STAT3 staining differs significantly in HCC and cirrhosis. The findings reinforce the role of STAT3 in the tumorigenesis of HCC and provide a useful marker to differentiate HCC from cirrhosis in challenging liver biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wen-Ze Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xue-Qi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ling-Bo Li
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Kun Ru
- Department of Pathology, Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jing-Nan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Alshamsan A. STAT3-siRNA induced B16.F10 melanoma cell death: more association with VEGF downregulation than p-STAT3 knockdown. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:1083-1088. [PMID: 30532628 PMCID: PMC6260487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT3 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been described to inhibit carcinogenic growth in various types of tumors. Earlier we have reported delivery of siRNA by oleic acid- and stearic acid-modified-polyethylenimine and enhancement of silencing of STAT3 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in B16.F10 melanoma cell lines and consequent tumor suppression. Present investigation mainly focused on the downstream events involved in B16.F10 melanoma cell death and consequent tumor suppression following knockdown of p-STAT3 by siRNA. Lipid-substituted polyethylenimine (PEI)-p-STAT3-siRNA were prepared and characterized by measuring its N/P ratio, zeta potential, size, association and dissociation with siRNA. B16.F10 melanoma cells were treated with six different concentrations of PEI-p-STAT3-siRNA (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 nM). Downregulation of p-STAT3 and VEGF were studied using western blot and ELISA in association with the melanoma cell death. PEI-p-STAT3-siRNA hydrodynamic diameter ranged from 110 to 270 nm. PEI assisted p-STAT3-siRNA delivery exhibited increased uptake by B16.F10, when analyzed by fluorescent and confocal microscopy along with flowcytometry. It induced concentration-dependent knockdown of the p-STAT3 that also downregulated VEGF expression in similar fashion and induced B16.F10 cell death. Higher concentrations of p-STAT3-siRNA appear to significantly downregulate the VEGF expression via p-STAT3 knockdown. Decreasing survival of B16.F10 cells with the increasing concentration of p-STAT3-siRNA significantly correlated with VEGF downregulation, not with p-STAT3 expression. Data suggest that VEGF downregulation following knockdown of p-STAT3 may be a key event in survival reduction in B16.F10 melanoma cells and.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aws Alshamsan
- Nanomedicine Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Gallic Acid Inhibits Invasion and Reduces IL-6 Gene Expression, pSTAT3, pERK1/2, and pAKT Cellular Signaling Proteins in Human Prostate Cancer DU-145 Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.9163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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28
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Amani H, Ajami M, Nasseri Maleki S, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Daglia M, Tsetegho Sokeng AJ, Di Lorenzo A, Nabavi SF, Devi KP, Nabavi SM. Targeting signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) in human cancer by dietary polyphenolic antioxidants. Biochimie 2017; 142:63-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Effects of Thymoquinone on IL-6 Gene Expression and Some Cellular Signaling Pathways in Prostate Cancer PC3 Cells. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.63753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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30
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The tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib activates SHP-1 and induces apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e366. [PMID: 28798401 PMCID: PMC5579508 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains difficult to treat and urgently needs new therapeutic options. Nintedanib, a multikinase inhibitor, has exhibited efficacy in early clinical trials for HER2-negative breast cancer. In this study, we examined a new molecular mechanism of nintedanib in TNBC. The results demonstrated that nintedanib enhanced TNBC cell apoptosis, which was accompanied by a reduction of p-STAT3 and its downstream proteins. STAT3 overexpression suppressed nintedanib-mediated apoptosis and further increased the activity of purified SHP-1 protein. Moreover, treatment with either a specific inhibitor of SHP-1 or SHP-1-targeted siRNA reduced the apoptotic effects of nintedanib, which validates the role of SHP-1 in nintedanib-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, nintedanib-induced apoptosis was attenuated in TNBC cells expressing SHP-1 mutants with constantly open conformations, suggesting that the autoinhibitory mechanism of SHP-1 attenuated the effects of nintedanib. Importantly, nintedanib significantly inhibited tumor growth via the SHP-1/p-STAT3 pathway. Clinically, SHP-1 levels were downregulated, whereas p-STAT3 was upregulated in tumor tissues, and SHP-1 transcripts were associated with improved disease-free survival in TNBC patients. Our findings revealed that nintedanib induces TNBC apoptosis by acting as a SHP-1 agonist, suggesting that targeting STAT3 by enhancing SHP-1 expression could be a viable therapeutic strategy against TNBC.
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You J, Shi X, Liang H, Ye J, Wang L, Han H, Fang H, Kang W, Wang T. Cystathionine- γ-lyase promotes process of breast cancer in association with STAT3 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65677-65686. [PMID: 29029463 PMCID: PMC5630363 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we provide evidences to link cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) to the development of breast cancer. CSE expression is up-regulated in both breast cancers and breast cancer cell lines and results in proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. CSE Function in breast cancer depends on the STAT3 signaling pathway, a regulator of critical cell functions including cell growth in a wide variety of human cancer cells via activating the expression of relative genes. STAT3 positively relates to CSE expression. It activates the CSE promoter via a direct binding to the promoter. Moreover, CSE could reversely regulate STAT3 expression and consequently enhance the effect of STAT3 on CSE. Taken together, these data demonstrate for the first time the roles of CSE in breast cancer leading to breast cancer development in association with STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing You
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Huimin Liang
- Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, Henan Province, China
| | - Juan Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Lupeng Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Huanxiao Han
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongyu Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Wenyi Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
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32
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Tan W, Pan M, Liu H, Tian H, Ye Q, Liu H. Ergosterol peroxide inhibits ovarian cancer cell growth through multiple pathways. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3467-3474. [PMID: 28761355 PMCID: PMC5518915 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s139009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ergosterol peroxide (EP), a sterol derived from medicinal mushrooms, has been reported to exert antitumor activity in several tumor types. However, the role of EP toward ovarian cancer cells has not been investigated. In this study, we analyzed the cytotoxicity of EP in various cell lines representing high-grade serous ovarian cancer and low-grade serous ovarian cancer, respectively. Although EP showed no significant inhibition of the viability of normal ovarian surface epithelial cells, it impaired the proliferation and invasion capacities of tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner. We further figured out key modulators involved in its antitumor effects by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, and Western blot. The nuclear β-catenin was down-regulated upon EP treatment, subsequently reducing the Cyclin D1 and c-Myc expression levels. Meanwhile, the protein level of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 was up-regulated in EP treated cells, whereas Src kinase activity was inhibited. Both activation of SHP2 phosphatase and inhibition of Src kinase decreased the phosphorylation level of transducer and activator of STAT3 protein, which was implicated in oncogenesis. On the other hand, EP remarkably inhibited the expression and secretion of VEGF-C, implying its involvement in counteracting tumor angiogenesis. Moreover, EP treatment showed comparable cytotoxic effect with β-catenin knock-down or STAT3 inhibition. Taken together, our results demonstrated that EP showed antitumor effects toward ovarian cancer cells through both β-catenin and STAT3 signaling pathways, making it a promising candidate for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Meihong Pan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Hequn Tian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Hongda Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Alteration of SHP-1/p-STAT3 Signaling: A Potential Target for Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061234. [PMID: 28594363 PMCID: PMC5486057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1), a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase, has been reported as a negative regulator of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and linked to tumor development. In this present review, we will discuss the importance and function of SHP-1/p-STAT3 signaling in nonmalignant conditions as well as malignancies, its cross-talk with other pathways, the current clinical development and the potential role of inhibitors of this pathway in anticancer therapy and clinical relevance of SHP-1/p-STAT3 in cancers. Lastly, we will summarize and highlight work involving novel drugs/compounds targeting SHP-1/p-STAT3 signaling and combined strategies that were/are discovered in our and our colleagues’ laboratories.
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Liu CY, Chen KF, Chao TI, Chu PY, Huang CT, Huang TT, Yang HP, Wang WL, Lee CH, Lau KY, Tsai WC, Su JC, Wu CY, Chen MH, Shiau CW, Tseng LM. Sequential combination of docetaxel with a SHP-1 agonist enhanced suppression of p-STAT3 signaling and apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:965-975. [PMID: 28578456 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer for which prognosis remains poor. Combination therapy is a promising strategy for enhancing treatment efficacy. Blockade of STAT3 signaling may enhance the response of cancer cells to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Here we used a SHP-1 agonist SC-43 to dephosphorylate STAT3 thereby suppressing oncogenic STAT3 signaling and tested it in combination with docetaxel in TNBC cells. We first analyzed messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of SHP-1 gene (PTPN6) in a public TNBC dataset (TCGA) and found that higher SHP-1 mRNA expression is associated with better overall survival in TNBC patients. Sequential combination of docetaxel and SC-43 in vitro showed enhanced anti-proliferation and apoptosis associated with decreased p-STAT3 and decreased STAT3-downstream effector cyclin D1 in the TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and HCC-1937. Ectopic expression of STAT3 reduced the increased cytotoxicity induced by the combination therapy. In addition, this sequential combination showed enhanced SHP-1 activity compared to SC-43 alone. Furthermore, the combination treatment-induced apoptosis was attenuated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) against SHP-1 or by ectopic expression of SHP-1 mutants that caused SC-43 to lose its SHP-1 agonist capability. Moreover, combination of docetaxel and SC-43 showed enhanced tumor growth inhibition compared to single-agent therapy in mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumor xenografts. Our results suggest that the novel SHP-1 agonist SC-43 enhanced docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity by SHP-1 dependent STAT3 inhibition in human triple negative breast cancer cells. TNBC patients with high SHP-1 expressions show better survival. Docetaxel combined with SC-43 enhances cell apoptosis and reduces p-STAT3. SHP-1 inhibition reduces the enhanced effect of docetaxel-SC-43 combination. Docetaxel-SC-43 combination suppresses xenograft tumor growth and reduces p-STAT3. KEY MESSAGES TNBC patients with high SHP-1 expressions show better survival. Docetaxel combined with SC-43 enhances cell apoptosis and reduces p-STAT3. SHP-1 inhibition reduces the enhanced effect of docetaxel-SC-43 combination. Docetaxel-SC-43 combination suppresses xenograft tumor growth and reduces p-STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Liu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.,Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Feng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1 Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-I Chao
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, No. 542, Sec. 1, Chung-Shan Rd, Changhua City, 500, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhong-zheng Rd., Xin-zhuang Dist, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Teng Huang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yang-Ming Branch of Taipei City Hospital, No. 145, Zhengzhou Rd., Datong Dist, Taipei, 10341, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Huang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ping Yang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Han Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ka-Yi Lau
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Tsai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chen Su
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Wu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wai Shiau
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. .,Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. .,Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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Heidarian E, Keloushadi M, Ghatreh-Samani K, Valipour P. The reduction of IL-6 gene expression, pAKT, pERK1/2, pSTAT3 signaling pathways and invasion activity by gallic acid in prostate cancer PC3 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:264-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Schwartz DM, Bonelli M, Gadina M, O'Shea JJ. Type I/II cytokines, JAKs, and new strategies for treating autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 12:25-36. [PMID: 26633291 PMCID: PMC4688091 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are major drivers of autoimmunity, and biologic agents targeting cytokines have revolutionized the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. Despite the effectiveness of these drugs, they do not induce complete remission in all patients, prompting the development of alternative strategies - including targeting of intracellular signal transduction pathways downstream of cytokines. Many cytokines that bind type I and type II cytokine receptors are critical regulators of immune-mediated diseases and employ the Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway to exert their effect. Pharmacological inhibition of JAKs blocks the actions of type I/II cytokines, and within the past 3 years therapeutic JAK inhibitors, or Jakinibs, have become available to rheumatologists. Jakinibs have proven effective for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases. Adverse effects of these agents are largely related to their mode of action and include infections and hyperlipidemia. Jakinibs are currently being investigated for a number of new indications, and second-generation selective Jakinibs are being developed and tested. Targeting STATs could be a future avenue for the treatment of rheumatologic diseases, although substantial challenges remain. Nonetheless, the ability to therapeutically target intracellular signalling pathways has already created a new paradigm for the treatment of rheumatologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella M Schwartz
- Molecular Immunology &Inflammation Branch, and Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis &Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Building 10, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1616, USA
| | - Michael Bonelli
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Rheumatology, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Molecular Immunology &Inflammation Branch, and Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis &Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Building 10, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1616, USA
| | - John J O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology &Inflammation Branch, and Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis &Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Building 10, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1616, USA
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37
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Sahingur SE, Yeudall WA. Chemokine function in periodontal disease and oral cavity cancer. Front Immunol 2015; 6:214. [PMID: 25999952 PMCID: PMC4419853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemotactic cytokines, or chemokines, comprise a superfamily of polypeptides with a wide range of activities that include recruitment of immune cells to sites of infection and inflammation, as well as stimulation of cell proliferation. As such, they function as antimicrobial molecules and play a central role in host defenses against pathogen challenge. However, their ability to recruit leukocytes and potentiate or prolong the inflammatory response may have profound implications for the progression of oral diseases such as chronic periodontitis, where tissue destruction may be widespread. Moreover, it is increasingly recognized that chronic inflammation is a key component of tumor progression. Interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment is mediated in large part by secreted factors such as chemokines, and serves to enhance the malignant phenotype in oral and other cancers. In this article, we will outline the biological and biochemical mechanisms of chemokine action in host–microbiome interactions in periodontal disease and in oral cancer, and how these may overlap and contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Esra Sahingur
- Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - W Andrew Yeudall
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA ; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
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