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Wu CS, Sun X, Liu L, Cheng L. A Live-Cell Epigenome Manipulation by Photo-Stimuli-Responsive Histone Methyltransferase Inhibitor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404608. [PMID: 39250325 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications on the histone H3 tail regulate chromatin structure, impact epigenetics, and hence the gene expressions. Current chemical modulation tools, such as unnatural amino acid incorporation, protein splicing, and sortase-based editing, have allowed for the modification of histones with various PTMs in cellular contexts, but are not applicable for editing native chromatin. The use of small organic molecules to manipulate histone-modifying enzymes alters endogenous histone PTMs but lacks precise temporal and spatial control. To date, there has been no achievement in modulating histone methylation in living cells with spatiotemporal resolution. In this study, a new method is presented for temporally manipulating histone dimethylation H3K9me2 using a photo-responsive inhibitor that specifically targets the methyltransferase G9a on demand. The photo-caged molecule is stable under physiological conditions and cellular environments, but rapidly activated upon exposure to light, releasing the bioactive component that can immediately inhibit the catalytic ability of the G9a in vitro. Besides, this masked compound could also efficiently reactivate the inhibition of methyltransferase activity in living cells, subsequently suppress H3K9me2, a mark that regulates various chromatin functions. Therefore, the chemical system will be a valuable tool for manipulating the epigenome for therapeutic purposes and furthering the understanding of epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Shuo Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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2
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Cai L, Liu Y, Li Y, Liu B, Cao Y, Yang W, Wang B, Sun T. TRIM37 interacts with EZH2 to epigenetically suppress PTCH1 and regulate stemness in glioma stem cells through sonic hedgehog pathway. J Neurooncol 2024; 169:269-279. [PMID: 38884661 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma stem cells (GSCs), which are known for their therapy resistance, play a substantial role in treatment inefficacy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). TRIM37, a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family initially linked to a rare growth disorder, has been recognized for its oncogenic role. However, the mechanism by which TRIM37 regulates tumor growth in glioma and GSCs is unclear. METHODS For the in vitro experiments, gene expression was measured by western blotting, RT-qPCR, and immunofluorescence. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The interaction between Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) and TRIM37 was verified by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). The interaction between EZH2 and the PTCH1 promoter was verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). For the in vivo experiments, an orthotopically implanted glioma mouse model was used to validate tumor growth. RESULTS The expression of TRIM37 is higher in GSCs compared with matched non-GSCs. TRIM37 knockdown promotes apoptosis, decreased stemness in GSCs, and reduces tumor growth in GSCs xenografts of nude mice. TRIM37 and EZH2 co-localize in the nucleus and interact with each other. TRIM37 knockdown or EZH2 inhibition downregulates the protein expressions associated with the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway. EZH2 epigenetically downregulates PTCH1 to activate SHH pathway in GSCs. CONCLUSIONS TRIM37 maintains the cell growth and stemness in GSCs through the interaction with EZH2. EZH2 activates SHH stem cell signaling pathway by downregulating the expression of SHH pathway suppressor PTCH1. Our findings suggest that TRIM37 may be a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lize Cai
- Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - YuFei Cao
- Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ting Sun
- Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Li YR, Fang Y, Lyu Z, Zhu Y, Yang L. Exploring the dynamic interplay between cancer stem cells and the tumor microenvironment: implications for novel therapeutic strategies. J Transl Med 2023; 21:686. [PMID: 37784157 PMCID: PMC10546755 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as key contributors to tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis. In addition, CSCs play a significant role in inducing immune evasion, thereby compromising the effectiveness of cancer treatments. The reciprocal communication between CSCs and the tumor microenvironment (TME) is observed, with the TME providing a supportive niche for CSC survival and self-renewal, while CSCs, in turn, influence the polarization and persistence of the TME, promoting an immunosuppressive state. Consequently, these interactions hinder the efficacy of current cancer therapies, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches to modulate the TME and target CSCs. In this review, we highlight the intricate strategies employed by CSCs to evade immune surveillance and develop resistance to therapies. Furthermore, we examine the dynamic interplay between CSCs and the TME, shedding light on how this interaction impacts cancer progression. Moreover, we provide an overview of advanced therapeutic strategies that specifically target CSCs and the TME, which hold promise for future clinical and translational studies in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zibai Lyu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yichen Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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4
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Farani MR, Sarlak M, Gholami A, Azaraian M, Binabaj MM, Kakavandi S, Tambuwala MM, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M, Ghasemi S. Epigenetic drugs as new emerging therapeutics: What is the scale's orientation of application and challenges? Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154688. [PMID: 37494800 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression or function without altering the DNA sequence. Important factors are part of epigenetic events, such as methylation, DNA histone rearrangements, nucleosome transposition, and non-coding RNAs. Dysregulated epigenetic mechanics are associated with various cancers' initiation, development, and metastasis. It is known that the occurrence and development of cancer can be controlled by regulating unexpected epigenetic events. Epi-drugs are used singly or in combination with chemotherapy and enhance antitumor activity, reduce drug resistance, and stimulate the host immune response. Despite these benefits, epigenetic therapy as a single therapy or in combination with other drugs leads to adverse effects. This review article introduces and compares the advantages, disadvantages, and side effects of using these drugs for the first time since their introduction. Also, this article describes the mechanism of action of various epigenetic drugs. Recommendations for future use of epigenetic drugs as cancer therapeutics are suggested as an overall conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sarlak
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amir Gholami
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Azaraian
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maryam Moradi Binabaj
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Sareh Kakavandi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, 0United Kingdom
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sorayya Ghasemi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Liu X, Guo C, Leng T, Fan Z, Mai J, Chen J, Xu J, Li Q, Jiang B, Sai K, Yang W, Gu J, Wang J, Sun S, Chen Z, Zhong Y, Liang X, Chen C, Cai J, Lin Y, Liang J, Hu J, Yan G, Zhu W, Yin W. Differential regulation of H3K9/H3K14 acetylation by small molecules drives neuron-fate-induction of glioma cell. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:142. [PMID: 36805688 PMCID: PMC9941105 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation therapy using small molecules is a promising strategy for improving the prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM). Histone acetylation plays an important role in cell fate determination. Nevertheless, whether histone acetylation in specific sites determines GBM cells fate remains to be explored. Through screening from a 349 small molecule-library, we identified that histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) MS-275 synergized with 8-CPT-cAMP was able to transdifferentiate U87MG GBM cells into neuron-like cells, which were characterized by cell cycle arrest, rich neuron biomarkers, and typical neuron electrophysiology. Intriguingly, acetylation tags of histone 3 at lysine 9 (H3K9ac) were decreased in the promoter of multiple oncogenes and cell cycle genes, while ones of H3K9ac and histone 3 at lysine 14 (H3K14ac) were increased in the promoter of neuron-specific genes. We then compiled a list of genes controlled by H3K9ac and H3K14ac, and proved that it is a good predictive power for pathologic grading and survival prediction. Moreover, cAMP agonist combined with HDACi also induced glioma stem cells (GSCs) to differentiate into neuron-like cells through the regulation of H3K9ac/K14ac, indicating that combined induction has the potential for recurrence-preventive application. Furthermore, the combination of cAMP activator plus HDACi significantly repressed the tumor growth in a subcutaneous GSC-derived tumor model, and temozolomide cooperated with the differentiation-inducing combination to prolong the survival in an orthotopic GSC-derived tumor model. These findings highlight epigenetic reprogramming through H3K9ac and H3K14ac as a novel approach for driving neuron-fate-induction of GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Liu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Cui Guo
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Tiandong Leng
- grid.9001.80000 0001 2228 775XDepartment of Neuroscience, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA
| | - Zhen Fan
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Jialuo Mai
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Jiehong Chen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Jinhai Xu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Qianyi Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Bin Jiang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Ke Sai
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 P. R. China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 P. R. China
| | - Wenzhuo Yang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 P. R. China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Sun
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 P. R. China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Chen
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 P. R. China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 P. R. China
| | - Yingqian Zhong
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Xuanming Liang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Chaoxin Chen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Jing Cai
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Yuan Lin
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Jiankai Liang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Guangmei Yan
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China.
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Chen C, Wang Z, Qin Y. Connections between metabolism and epigenetics: mechanisms and novel anti-cancer strategy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:935536. [PMID: 35935878 PMCID: PMC9354823 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.935536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo metabolic adaptations to sustain their growth and proliferation under several stress conditions thereby displaying metabolic plasticity. Epigenetic modification is known to occur at the DNA, histone, and RNA level, which can alter chromatin state. For almost a century, our focus in cancer biology is dominated by oncogenic mutations. Until recently, the connection between metabolism and epigenetics in a reciprocal manner was spotlighted. Explicitly, several metabolites serve as substrates and co-factors of epigenetic enzymes to carry out post-translational modifications of DNA and histone. Genetic mutations in metabolic enzymes facilitate the production of oncometabolites that ultimately impact epigenetics. Numerous evidences also indicate epigenome is sensitive to cancer metabolism. Conversely, epigenetic dysfunction is certified to alter metabolic enzymes leading to tumorigenesis. Further, the bidirectional relationship between epigenetics and metabolism can impact directly and indirectly on immune microenvironment, which might create a new avenue for drug discovery. Here we summarize the effects of metabolism reprogramming on epigenetic modification, and vice versa; and the latest advances in targeting metabolism-epigenetic crosstalk. We also discuss the principles linking cancer metabolism, epigenetics and immunity, and seek optimal immunotherapy-based combinations.
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Zhang Q, Li W. Correlation between amino acid metabolism and self-renewal of cancer stem cells: Perspectives in cancer therapy. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:267-286. [PMID: 35662861 PMCID: PMC9136564 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i4.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess self-renewal and differentiation potential, which may be related to recurrence, metastasis, and radiochemotherapy resistance during tumor treatment. Understanding the mechanisms via which CSCs maintain self-renewal may reveal new therapeutic targets for attenuating CSC resistance and extending patient life-span. Recent studies have shown that amino acid metabolism plays an important role in maintaining the self-renewal of CSCs and is involved in regulating their tumorigenicity characteristics. This review summarizes the relationship between CSCs and amino acid metabolism, and discusses the possible mechanisms by which amino acid metabolism regulates CSC characteristics particularly self-renewal, survival and stemness. The ultimate goal is to identify new targets and research directions for elimination of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
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8
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EZH2 presents a therapeutic target for neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22733. [PMID: 34815475 PMCID: PMC8611048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) are slow-growing tumors that seem genetically quite stable without highly recurrent mutations, but are epigenetically dysregulated. In contrast to the undetectable expression of the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) histone methyltransferase in the enterochromaffin cells of the small intestine, we found high and differential expression of EZH2 in primary SI-NETs and corresponding metastases. Silencing EZH2 in the SI-NET cell line CNDT2.5 reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, EZH2 knockout inhibited tumor progression in a CNDT2.5 SI-NET xenograft mouse model, and treatment of SI-NET cell lines CNDT2.5 and GOT1 with the EZH2-specific inhibitor CPI-1205 decreased cell viability and promoted apoptosis. Moreover, CPI-1205 treatment reduced migration capacity of CNDT2.5 cells. The EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 also repressed proliferation of CNDT2.5 cells. Recently, metformin has received wide attention as a therapeutic option in diverse cancers. In CNDT2.5 and GOT1 cells, metformin suppressed EZH2 expression, and inhibited cell proliferation. Exposure of GOT1 three-dimensional cell spheroids to CPI-1205 or metformin arrested cell proliferation and decreased spheroid size. These novel findings support a possible role of EZH2 as a candidate oncogene in SI-NETs, and suggest that CPI-1205 and metformin should be further evaluated as therapeutic options for patients with SI-NETs.
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Desaulniers D, Vasseur P, Jacobs A, Aguila MC, Ertych N, Jacobs MN. Integration of Epigenetic Mechanisms into Non-Genotoxic Carcinogenicity Hazard Assessment: Focus on DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10969. [PMID: 34681626 PMCID: PMC8535778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics involves a series of mechanisms that entail histone and DNA covalent modifications and non-coding RNAs, and that collectively contribute to programing cell functions and differentiation. Epigenetic anomalies and DNA mutations are co-drivers of cellular dysfunctions, including carcinogenesis. Alterations of the epigenetic system occur in cancers whether the initial carcinogenic events are from genotoxic (GTxC) or non-genotoxic (NGTxC) carcinogens. NGTxC are not inherently DNA reactive, they do not have a unifying mode of action and as yet there are no regulatory test guidelines addressing mechanisms of NGTxC. To fil this gap, the Test Guideline Programme of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development is developing a framework for an integrated approach for the testing and assessment (IATA) of NGTxC and is considering assays that address key events of cancer hallmarks. Here, with the intent of better understanding the applicability of epigenetic assays in chemical carcinogenicity assessment, we focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications and review: (1) epigenetic mechanisms contributing to carcinogenesis, (2) epigenetic mechanisms altered following exposure to arsenic, nickel, or phenobarbital in order to identify common carcinogen-specific mechanisms, (3) characteristics of a series of epigenetic assay types, and (4) epigenetic assay validation needs in the context of chemical hazard assessment. As a key component of numerous NGTxC mechanisms of action, epigenetic assays included in IATA assay combinations can contribute to improved chemical carcinogen identification for the better protection of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Desaulniers
- Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Hazard Identification Division, Health Canada, AL:2203B, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Paule Vasseur
- CNRS, LIEC, Université de Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France;
| | - Abigail Jacobs
- Independent at the Time of Publication, Previously US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;
| | - M. Cecilia Aguila
- Toxicology Team, Division of Human Food Safety, Center for Veterinary Medicine, US Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;
| | - Norman Ertych
- German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Miriam N. Jacobs
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton OX11 0RQ, UK;
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Narendra G, Raju B, Verma H, Silakari O. Identification of potential genes associated with ALDH1A1 overexpression and cyclophosphamide resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia using network analysis. Med Oncol 2021; 38:123. [PMID: 34491453 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01569-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP), an important alkylating agent which is used in the treatment therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, acquired drug resistance owing to the inactivation of its active metabolite aldophosphamide via tumoral-overexpressing aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1A1) is one of the major issues with the CP therapy. However, the underlying mechanism of ALDH1A1 overexpression in cancer cells remains poorly defined. Therefore, the current study focused on analyzing the ALDH1A1-overexpressing microarray data for CP resistance and CP-sensitive CML cell lines. In this study, the microarray dataset was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus GEO. The GEO2R tool was used to identify Differentially Expressing Genes (DEGs). Further, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs were constructed using STRING database. Finally, Hub gene-miRNA-TFs interaction were constructed using miRNet tool. A total of 749 DEGs including 387 upregulated and 225 downregulated genes were identified from this pool of microarray data. The construction of DEGs network resulted in identification of three genes including ZEB2, EZH2, and MUC1 were found to be majorly responsible for ALDH1A1 overexpression. miRNA analysis identified that, hsa-mir-16-5p and hsa-mir-26a-5p as hub miRNA which are commonly interacting with maximum target genes. Additionally, drug-gene interaction analysis was performed to identify drugs which are responsible for ALDH1A1 expression. The entire study may provide a deeper understanding about ALDH1A1 regulatory genes responsible for its overexpression in CP resistance cancer. This understanding may be further explore for developing possible co-therapy to avoid the ALDH1A1-mediated CP resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gera Narendra
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Baddipadige Raju
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Himanshu Verma
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Om Silakari
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
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11
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Keyvani-Ghamsari S, Khorsandi K, Rasul A, Zaman MK. Current understanding of epigenetics mechanism as a novel target in reducing cancer stem cells resistance. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:120. [PMID: 34051847 PMCID: PMC8164819 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, after extensive studies in the field of cancer, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proposed as a major factor in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and recurrence. CSCs are a subpopulation of bulk tumors, with stem cell-like properties and tumorigenic capabilities, having the abilities of self-renewal and differentiation, thereby being able to generate heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells and lead to resistance toward anti-tumor treatments. Highly resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy, CSCs have heterogeneity and can migrate to different organs and metastasize. Recent studies have demonstrated that the population of CSCs and the progression of cancer are increased by the deregulation of different epigenetic pathways having effects on gene expression patterns and key pathways connected with cell proliferation and survival. Further, epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA methylations) have been revealed to be key drivers in the formation and maintenance of CSCs. Hence, identifying CSCs and targeting epigenetic pathways therein can offer new insights into the treatment of cancer. In the present review, recent studies are addressed in terms of the characteristics of CSCs, the resistance thereof, and the factors influencing the development thereof, with an emphasis on different types of epigenetic changes in genes and main signaling pathways involved therein. Finally, targeted therapy for CSCs by epigenetic drugs is referred to, which is a new approach in overcoming resistance and recurrence of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khatir Zaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
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12
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Yang Y, Xing D, Wang Y, Jia H, Li B, Li JJ. A long non-coding RNA, HOTAIR, promotes cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis by inhibiting WIF-1 expression and activating Wnt pathway. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:53. [PMID: 32650720 PMCID: PMC7350747 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are recently found to be critical regulators of the epigenome. However, our knowledge of their role in osteoarthritis (OA) development is limited. This study investigates the mechanism by which HOTAIR, a key lncRNA with elevated expression in OA, affects OA disease progression. RESULTS HOTAIR expression was greatly elevated in osteoarthritic compared to normal chondrocytes. Silencing and over-expression of HOTAIR in SW1353 cells respectively reduced and increased the expression of genes associated with cartilage degradation in OA. Investigation of molecular pathways revealed that HOTAIR acted directly on Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF-1) by increasing histone H3K27 trimethylation in the WIF-1 promoter, leading to WIF-1 repression that favours activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CONCLUSIONS Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling by HOTAIR through WIF-1 repression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes increases catabolic gene expression and promotes cartilage degradation. This is the first study to demonstrate a direct link between HOTAIR, WIF-1 and OA progression, which may be useful for future investigations into disease biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Dan Xing
- Arthritis Clinic & Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Department of Electromyography, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Haobo Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Jiao Jiao Li
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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13
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Borgato GB, Borges GA, Souza AP, Squarize CH, Castilho RM. Loss of PTEN sensitizes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to 5-AZA-2'-deoxycytidine. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 130:181-190. [PMID: 32546428 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive cancer associated with poor survival. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene involved in the maintenance of stem cells. DNA methylation is a known epigenetic modification involved in tumor progression. In this study, we investigated the effect of the DNA demethylation agent 5-AZA-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA) over HNSCC and its population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) presenting dysfunctional PTEN. STUDY DESIGN The effects of 5-AZA on HNSCC were evaluated by using WSU-HN13 cells. CSC was assessed by sphere-forming assays, along with the endogenous levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase. The clonogenic potential of tumors was evaluated, along with the protein expression of mTOR signaling and the identification of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated genes, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS We observed that loss of PTEN enhances tumor biologic behavior, including colony- and tumor sphere-forming abilities. We also found that 5-AZA has an inhibitory effect over the CSCs and molecular markers associated with the NF-κB and EMT pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the stratification of treatment of HNSCC based on PTEN status may identify a subset of patients who can benefit from the coadministration of 5-AZA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriell Bonifacio Borgato
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabriel Alvares Borges
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Souza
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Helena Squarize
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rogerio Moraes Castilho
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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14
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Cabal-Hierro L, van Galen P, Prado MA, Higby KJ, Togami K, Mowery CT, Paulo JA, Xie Y, Cejas P, Furusawa T, Bustin M, Long HW, Sykes DB, Gygi SP, Finley D, Bernstein BE, Lane AA. Chromatin accessibility promotes hematopoietic and leukemia stem cell activity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1406. [PMID: 32179749 PMCID: PMC7076002 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin organization is a highly orchestrated process that influences gene expression, in part by modulating access of regulatory factors to DNA and nucleosomes. Here, we report that the chromatin accessibility regulator HMGN1, a target of recurrent DNA copy gains in leukemia, controls myeloid differentiation. HMGN1 amplification is associated with increased accessibility, expression, and histone H3K27 acetylation of loci important for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukemia, such as HoxA cluster genes. In vivo, HMGN1 overexpression is linked to decreased quiescence and increased HSC activity in bone marrow transplantation. HMGN1 overexpression also cooperates with the AML-ETO9a fusion oncoprotein to impair myeloid differentiation and enhance leukemia stem cell (LSC) activity. Inhibition of histone acetyltransferases CBP/p300 relieves the HMGN1-associated differentiation block. These data nominate factors that modulate chromatin accessibility as regulators of HSCs and LSCs, and suggest that targeting HMGN1 or its downstream effects on histone acetylation could be therapeutically active in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cabal-Hierro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter van Galen
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miguel A Prado
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly J Higby
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katsuhiro Togami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cody T Mowery
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yingtian Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paloma Cejas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takashi Furusawa
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Bustin
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henry W Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David B Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Finley
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew A Lane
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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15
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Perusina Lanfranca M, Thompson JK, Bednar F, Halbrook C, Lyssiotis C, Levi B, Frankel TL. Metabolism and epigenetics of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 57:19-26. [PMID: 30273655 PMCID: PMC6438777 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic Cancer (PDA) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by early spread and a high mortality. Current studies suggest that a subpopulation of cells exist within tumors, cancer stem cell (CSC), which are capable of self-renewal and give rise to unique progeny which form the major neoplastic cellular component of tumors. While CSCs constitute a small cellular subpopulation within the tumor, their resistance to chemotherapy and radiation make them an important therapeutic target for eradication. Along with distinctive phenotypic properties, CSCs possess a unique metabolic plasticity allowing them to rapidly respond and adapt to environmental changes. These cells and their progeny also display a significantly altered epigenetic state with distinctive patterns of DNA methylation. Several mechanisms of cross-talk between epigenetic and metabolic pathways in PDA exist which ultimately contribute to the observed cellular plasticity and enhanced tumorigenesis. In this review we discuss various examples of this metabolic-epigenetic interplay and how it may constitute a new avenue for therapy specifically targeting CSCs in PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J K Thompson
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - F Bednar
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - C Halbrook
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - C Lyssiotis
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - B Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - T L Frankel
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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16
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Crispo F, Condelli V, Lepore S, Notarangelo T, Sgambato A, Esposito F, Maddalena F, Landriscina M. Metabolic Dysregulations and Epigenetics: A Bidirectional Interplay that Drives Tumor Progression. Cells 2019; 8:E798. [PMID: 31366176 PMCID: PMC6721562 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has been considered, for a long time, a genetic disease where mutations in keyregulatory genes drive tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. Instead, theadvent of high-throughput technologies has revolutionized cancer research, allowing to investigatemolecular alterations at multiple levels, including genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome,and metabolome and showing the multifaceted aspects of this disease. The multi-omics approachesrevealed an intricate molecular landscape where different cellular functions are interconnected andcooperatively contribute to shaping the malignant phenotype. Recent evidence has brought to lighthow metabolism and epigenetics are highly intertwined, and their aberrant crosstalk can contributeto tumorigenesis. The oncogene-driven metabolic plasticity of tumor cells supports the energeticand anabolic demands of proliferative tumor programs and secondary can alter the epigeneticlandscape via modulating the production and/or the activity of epigenetic metabolites. Conversely,epigenetic mechanisms can regulate the expression of metabolic genes, thereby altering themetabolome, eliciting adaptive responses to rapidly changing environmental conditions, andsustaining malignant cell survival and progression in hostile niches. Thus, cancer cells takeadvantage of the epigenetics-metabolism crosstalk to acquire aggressive traits, promote cellproliferation, metastasis, and pluripotency, and shape tumor microenvironment. Understandingthis bidirectional relationship is crucial to identify potential novel molecular targets for theimplementation of robust anti-cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Crispo
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata,85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy.
| | - Valentina Condelli
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata,85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy.
| | - Silvia Lepore
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata,85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata,85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata,85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy.
| | - Franca Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II,80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesca Maddalena
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata,85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy.
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata,85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy.
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia,71100 Foggia, Italy.
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17
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Deshmukh A, Arfuso F, Newsholme P, Dharmarajan A. Epigenetic demethylation of sFRPs, with emphasis on sFRP4 activation, leading to Wnt signalling suppression and histone modifications in breast, prostate, and ovary cancer stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 109:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Lima-Fernandes E, Murison A, da Silva Medina T, Wang Y, Ma A, Leung C, Luciani GM, Haynes J, Pollett A, Zeller C, Duan S, Kreso A, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Wouters BG, Jin J, Carvalho DDD, Lupien M, Arrowsmith CH, O'Brien CA. Targeting bivalency de-represses Indian Hedgehog and inhibits self-renewal of colorectal cancer-initiating cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1436. [PMID: 30926792 PMCID: PMC6441108 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In embryonic stem cells, promoters of key lineage-specific differentiation genes are found in a bivalent state, having both activating H3K4me3 and repressive H3K27me3 histone marks, making them poised for transcription upon loss of H3K27me3. Whether cancer-initiating cells (C-ICs) have similar epigenetic mechanisms that prevent lineage commitment is unknown. Here we show that colorectal C-ICs (CC-ICs) are maintained in a stem-like state through a bivalent epigenetic mechanism. Disruption of the bivalent state through inhibition of the H3K27 methyltransferase EZH2, resulted in decreased self-renewal of patient-derived C-ICs. Epigenomic analyses revealed that the promoter of Indian Hedgehog (IHH), a canonical driver of normal colonocyte differentiation, exists in a bivalent chromatin state. Inhibition of EZH2 resulted in de-repression of IHH, decreased self-renewal, and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy in vivo. Our results reveal an epigenetic block to differentiation in CC-ICs and demonstrate the potential for epigenetic differentiation therapy of a solid tumour through EZH2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Lima-Fernandes
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Alex Murison
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Tiago da Silva Medina
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Yadong Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Anqi Ma
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Cherry Leung
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Genna M Luciani
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Jennifer Haynes
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Aaron Pollett
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1X5, Canada
| | - Constanze Zeller
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Shili Duan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Antonija Kreso
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | | | - Bradly G Wouters
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada. .,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada.
| | - Catherine A O'Brien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G2C4, Canada.
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19
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Liang H, Huang Q, Liao MJ, Xu F, Zhang T, He J, Zhang L, Liu HZ. EZH2 plays a crucial role in ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury by regulating p38 signaling. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:325-336. [PMID: 30820607 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a major challenge in clinic. The histone methyltransferases enhancer of zest homolog-2 (EZH2) is associated with the development of renal injury. However, the molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. MATERIALS AKI in C57BL/6 mice was generated by renal IR. TREATMENTS The 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNeP), a selective EZH2 inhibitor, or vehicle was administrated in mice after IR. HK-2 cells were exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) stress. METHODS Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay or flow cytometry. EZH2, caspase-3, p38, F4/80+ macrophages, and CD3+ T cells were examined by immunohistochemistry or Western blot. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, IL-6, and IL-18 were measured using RT-PCR. RESULTS Mice treated with DZNeP exhibited less severe renal dysfunction and tubular injury following IR. EZH2 inhibition decreased apoptotic cells while reducing activation of caspase-3 in kidneys under IR condition. Moreover, EZH2 inhibition impaired the recruitment of CD3+ T cells and F4/80+ cells in kidneys with IR. Administration of DZNeP suppressed the production of TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-18 in IR-treated kidneys. Of note, EZH2 inhibition reduced p38 phosphorylation in kidneys after IR. In H/R-treated HK-2 cells, DZNeP treatment or EZH2 knockdown reduced apoptosis. EZH2 inhibition inactivated p38 resulting in reduction of active caspase-3 and proinflammatory molecules. By contrast, EZH2 overexpression induced p38 phosphorylation, caspase-3 activation, and production of proinflammatory molecules, which was reversed by SB203580. CONCLUSIONS EZH2 plays a crucial role in IR-induced AKI via modulation of p38 signaling. Targeting EZH2/p38 signaling pathway may offer novel strategies to protect kidneys from acute kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Medical Statistics, Foshan Chancheng Central Hospital, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Mei-Juan Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, 528000, China
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Miranda-Gonçalves V, Lameirinhas A, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Metabolism and Epigenetic Interplay in Cancer: Regulation and Putative Therapeutic Targets. Front Genet 2018; 9:427. [PMID: 30356832 PMCID: PMC6190739 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the epigenome and metabolism affect molecular rewiring of cancer cells facilitating cancer development and progression. Modulation of histone and DNA modification enzymes occurs owing to metabolic reprogramming driven by oncogenes and expression of metabolism-associated genes is, in turn, epigenetically regulated, promoting the well-known metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and, consequently, altering the metabolome. Thus, several malignant traits are supported by the interplay between metabolomics and epigenetics, promoting neoplastic transformation. In this review we emphasize the importance of tumour metabolites in the activity of most chromatin-modifying enzymes and implication in neoplastic transformation. Furthermore, candidate targets deriving from metabolism of cancer cells and altered epigenetic factors is emphasized, focusing on compounds that counteract the epigenomic-metabolic interplay in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Miranda-Gonçalves
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Lameirinhas
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Master in Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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21
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22
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Duraisamy AJ, Mishra M, Kowluru RA. Crosstalk Between Histone and DNA Methylation in Regulation of Retinal Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Diabetes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:6440-6448. [PMID: 29261844 PMCID: PMC5737805 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetes activates matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and MMP-9 via damaging retinal mitochondria, activates capillary cell apoptosis. MMP-9 promoter has binding sites for many transcription factors, and in diabetes its promoter undergoes epigenetic modifications, including histone modifications and DNA methylation. Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2), which catalyzes dimethylation/trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me2 and me3), is also associated with DNA methylation. Our aim was to investigate link(s) between histone and DNA modifications in the regulation of MMP-9. Methods Using human retinal endothelial cells, and also retinal microvessels from diabetic rats, effect of hyperglycemia on H3K27me3, and recruitment of Ezh2 at the MMP-9 promoter were quantified by chromatin-immunoprecipitation technique. Role of H3K27 trimethylation in regulating DNA methylation-transcription of MMP-9 was determined by regulating Ezh2 by its specific siRNA and also a pharmacologic inhibitor. Results Hyperglycemia elevated H3K27me3 levels and the recruitment of Ezh2 at the MMP-9 promoter, and increased the enzyme activity of Ezh2. Inhibition of Ezh2 attenuated recruitment of both DNA methylating (Dnmt1) and hydroxymethylating (Tet2) enzymes and 5 hydroxymethyl cytosine at the same region of the MMP-9 promoter, and prevented increase in MMP-9 transcription and mitochondrial damage. Conclusions Activation of Ezh2 in diabetes, via trimethylation of H3K27, facilitates recruitment of the enzymes responsible for regulation of DNA methylation of the MMP-9 promoter, resulting in its transcriptional activation. Thus, a close crosstalk between H3K27 trimethylation and DNA methylation in diabetes plays a critical role in the maintenance of cellular epigenetic integrity of MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul J Duraisamy
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Manish Mishra
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Renu A Kowluru
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
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23
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Miele E, Valente S, Alfano V, Silvano M, Mellini P, Borovika D, Marrocco B, Po A, Besharat ZM, Catanzaro G, Battaglia G, Abballe L, Zwergel C, Stazi G, Milite C, Castellano S, Tafani M, Trapencieris P, Mai A, Ferretti E. The histone methyltransferase EZH2 as a druggable target in SHH medulloblastoma cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68557-68570. [PMID: 28978137 PMCID: PMC5620277 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone methyltransferase EZH2 plays a role in maintenance of the stem component of cancer, and its overexpression and/or mutation typically drives tumor aggressiveness, drug resistance and patients' poor prognosis. In this study, we use mouse and human medulloblastoma stem-like cells belonging to the Sonic Hedgehog subgroup (SHH MB-SLCs) and demonstrate that genetic suppression of EZH2 reduces the level of its histone mark H3K27me3 and lowers proliferation and self-renewal. We designed an EZH2 inhibitor (EZH2i) as a simplified analog of EPZ005687 and GSK2816126, MC3629, and we tested its biological activity in SHH MB-SLCs. Pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 impairs SHH MB cells proliferation and self-renewal, and induces apoptosis in vitro. Finally, we generated xenograft MB-SLCs orthotopic tumors in nude mice to test MC3629 in vivo. In treated mice, we observed impairment of tumor growth, together with induction of apoptosis and reduction of proliferation and stemness. Overall, these findings describe EZH2 as a druggable target in MB and provide insight into the biological activity of MC3629 as an EZH2i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Miele
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome 00161, Italy
- Current address: Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù, 28 Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00165, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Alfano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Marianna Silvano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Paolo Mellini
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Diana Borovika
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Biagina Marrocco
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Agnese Po
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Catanzaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | | | - Luana Abballe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Giulia Stazi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Ciro Milite
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano 84084, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi 84084, Italy
| | - Marco Tafani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | | | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
- Neuromed Institute, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
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Deshmukh A, Binju M, Arfuso F, Newsholme P, Dharmarajan A. Role of epigenetic modulation in cancer stem cell fate. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 90:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Epigenetic Modifications and Head and Neck Cancer: Implications for Tumor Progression and Resistance to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071506. [PMID: 28704968 PMCID: PMC5535996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer and one of the most aggressive malignancies worldwide. Despite continuous efforts to identify molecular markers for early detection, and to develop efficient treatments, the overall survival and prognosis of HNSCC patients remain poor. Accumulated scientific evidences suggest that epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone covalent modifications, chromatin remodeling and non-coding RNAs, are frequently involved in oral carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and resistance to therapy. Epigenetic alterations occur in an unsystematic manner or as part of the aberrant transcriptional machinery, which promotes selective advantage to the tumor cells. Epigenetic modifications also contribute to cellular plasticity during tumor progression and to the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of tumor cells with self-renewal ability. CSCs are involved in the development of intrinsic or acquired therapy resistance, and tumor recurrences or relapse. Therefore, the understanding and characterization of epigenetic modifications associated with head and neck carcinogenesis, and the prospective identification of epigenetic markers associated with CSCs, hold the promise for novel therapeutic strategies to fight tumors. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge on epigenetic modifications observed in HNSCC and emerging Epi-drugs capable of sensitizing HNSCC to therapy.
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Koubi M, Chabannon C, Duprez E. [The biological complexity of Polycomb group proteins: the case of EZH2]. Med Sci (Paris) 2017; 33:499-505. [PMID: 28612725 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20173305013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb Group proteins (PcG) are repressive epigenetic factors essential for development and involved in numerous cancer processes, yet their modes of action and recruitment to specific genomic loci are not fully understood. Recently, it has been shown that the PcG protein recruitment is a dynamic process, contrary to what was foreseen in the initial hierarchical model. In addition, EZH2, a key PcG protein, can be associated to transcribed genes, challenging the former function of PcG proteins as transcriptional repressors. Furthermore, the dual role of EZH2, which can act as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor depending on the cellular type, illustrates the functional complexity of PcG proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Koubi
- Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 Inserm, UMR 7258 CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 27, boulevard Lei Roure, CS30059, 13273 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Christian Chabannon
- Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 Inserm, UMR 7258 CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 27, boulevard Lei Roure, CS30059, 13273 Marseille Cedex 09, France - CBT-1409 Inserm, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Estelle Duprez
- Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 Inserm, UMR 7258 CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 27, boulevard Lei Roure, CS30059, 13273 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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Intersecting transcriptomic profiling technologies and long non-coding RNA function in lung adenocarcinoma: discovery, mechanisms, and therapeutic applications. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81538-81557. [PMID: 29113413 PMCID: PMC5655308 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously thought of as junk transcripts and pseudogene remnants, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have come into their own over the last decade as an essential component of cellular activity, regulating a plethora of functions within multicellular organisms. lncRNAs are now known to participate in development, cellular homeostasis, immunological processes, and the development of disease. With the advent of next generation sequencing technology, hundreds of thousands of lncRNAs have been identified. However, movement beyond mere discovery to the understanding of molecular processes has been stymied by the complicated genomic structure, tissue-restricted expression, and diverse regulatory roles lncRNAs play. In this review, we will focus on lncRNAs involved in lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States and worldwide. We will summarize their various methods of discovery, provide consensus rankings of deregulated lncRNAs in lung cancer, and describe in detail the limited functional analysis that has been undertaken so far.
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Ito F, Yamada Y, Shigemitsu A, Akinishi M, Kaniwa H, Miyake R, Yamanaka S, Kobayashi H. Role of Oxidative Stress in Epigenetic Modification in Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2017; 24:1493-1502. [PMID: 28443478 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117704909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation and histone modification are associated with an increased risk of reproductive disorders such as endometriosis. However, a cause-effect relationship between epigenetic mechanisms and endometriosis development has not been fully determined. This review provides current information based on oxidative stress in epigenetic modification in endometriosis. This article reviews the English-language literature on epigenetics, DNA methylation, histone modification, and oxidative stress associated with endometriosis in an effort to identify epigenetic modification that causes a predisposition to endometriosis. Oxidative stress, secondary to the influx of hemoglobin, heme, and iron during retrograde menstruation, is involved in the expression of CpG demethylases, ten-eleven translocation, and jumonji (JMJ). Ten-eleven translocation and JMJ recognize a wide range of endogenous DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). The increased expression levels of DNMTs may be involved in the subsequent downregulation of the decidualization-related genes. This review supports the hypothesis that there are at least 2 distinct phases of epigenetic modification in endometriosis: the initial wave of iron-induced oxidative stress would be followed by the second big wave of epigenetic modulation of endometriosis susceptibility genes. We summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the underlying epigenetic mechanisms focusing on oxidative stress in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Ito
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Aiko Shigemitsu
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Mika Akinishi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kaniwa
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Ryuta Miyake
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Yamanaka
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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Kurmasheva RT, Sammons M, Favours E, Wu J, Kurmashev D, Cosmopoulos K, Keilhack H, Klaus CR, Houghton PJ, Smith MA. Initial testing (stage 1) of tazemetostat (EPZ-6438), a novel EZH2 inhibitor, by the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64:10.1002/pbc.26218. [PMID: 27555605 PMCID: PMC5584632 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tazemetostat (EPZ-6438) is a selective inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase EZH2 and currently in clinical development for non-Hodgkin lymphoma and genetically defined tumors. PROCEDURES Tazemetostat was tested against the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP) solid tumor xenografts using a dose of 400 mg/kg administered twice daily by oral gavage for 28 days. H3K27me3:H3 ratios were determined in control and treated tumors. RESULTS Tazemetostat induced significant differences in event-free survival (EFS) distribution compared with control in nine of 30 (30%) of the xenografts studied. Significant differences in EFS distribution were observed in five of seven (71%) rhabdoid tumor xenograft lines compared with four of 23 (17%) nonrhabdoid xenograft lines (chi-square [χ2 ] test P = 0.006). Tazemetostat induced tumor growth inhibition meeting criteria for intermediate and high EFS treated-to-control (T/C) activity in two of 25 (8%) and one of 25 (4%) xenografts, respectively. Intermediate and high activity for the EFS T/C metric was observed exclusively among rhabdoid tumor xenografts (three of five rhabdoid tumor vs 0 of 22 nonrhabdoid tumors (χ² test P < 0.001). One rhabdoid tumor xenograft (G401) showed stable disease. For one rhabdoid tumor (G401), delayed tumor regression to tazemetostat was noted following 1 week of tumor growth. Tazemetostat induced significant reduction of H3K27me3 levels in the majority of tumors compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Tazemetostat demonstrated significant antitumor activity in rhabdoid tumor models but showed no consistent activity against any other histology. Tazemetostat reduced H3K27me3 levels irrespective of tumor response. Further preclinical testing to evaluate tazemetostat in combination with other anticancer agents is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jianwrong Wu
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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30
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Momparler RL, Côté S, Momparler LF, Idaghdour Y. Inhibition of DNA and Histone Methylation by 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine (Decitabine) and 3-Deazaneplanocin-A on Antineoplastic Action and Gene Expression in Myeloid Leukemic Cells. Front Oncol 2017; 7:19. [PMID: 28261562 PMCID: PMC5309231 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations play an important role in the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by silencing of genes that suppress leukemogenesis and differentiation. One of the key epigenetic changes in AML is gene silencing by DNA methylation. The importance of this alteration is illustrated by the induction of remissions in AML by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR, decitabine), a potent inhibitor of DNA methylation. However, most patients induced into remission by 5-AZA-CdR will relapse, suggesting that a second agent should be sought to increase the efficacy of this epigenetic therapy. An interesting candidate for this purpose is 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep). This analog inhibits EZH2, a histone methyltransferase that trimethylates lysine 27 histone H3 (H3K27me3), a marker for gene silencing. This second epigenetic silencing mechanism also plays an important role in leukemogenesis as shown in preclinical studies where DZNep exhibits potent inhibition of colony formation by AML cells. We reported previously that 5-AZA-CdR in combination with DZNep exhibits a synergistic antineoplastic action against human HL-60 AML cells and the synergistic activation of several tumor suppressor genes. In this report, we showed that this combination also induced a synergistic activation of apoptosis in HL-60 cells. The synergistic antineoplastic action of 5-AZA-CdR plus DZNep was also observed on a second human myeloid leukemia cell line, AML-3. In addition, 5-AZA-CdR in combination with the specific inhibitors of EZH2, GSK-126, or GSK-343, also exhibited a synergistic antineoplastic action on both HL-60 and AML-3. The combined action of 5-AZA-CdR and DZNep on global gene expression in HL-60 cells was investigated in greater depth using RNA sequencing analysis. We observed that this combination of epigenetic agents exhibited a synergistic activation of hundreds of genes. The synergistic activation of so many genes that suppress malignancy by 5-AZA-CdR plus DZNep suggests that epigenetic gene silencing by DNA and histone methylation plays a major role in leukemogenesis. Targeting DNA and histone methylation is a promising approach that merits clinical investigation for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Momparler
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche, Service d'hématologie/oncologie, CHU-Saint-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Côté
- Centre de recherche, Service d'hématologie/oncologie, CHU-Saint-Justine , Montréal, QC , Canada
| | - Louise F Momparler
- Centre de recherche, Service d'hématologie/oncologie, CHU-Saint-Justine , Montréal, QC , Canada
| | - Youssef Idaghdour
- Department of Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
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Interplay between epigenetics and metabolism in oncogenesis: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Oncogene 2017; 36:3359-3374. [PMID: 28092669 PMCID: PMC5485177 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic and metabolic alterations in cancer cells are highly intertwined. Oncogene-driven metabolic rewiring modifies the epigenetic landscape via modulating the activities of DNA and histone modification enzymes at the metabolite level. Conversely, epigenetic mechanisms regulate the expression of metabolic genes, thereby altering the metabolome. Epigenetic-metabolomic interplay has a critical role in tumourigenesis by coordinately sustaining cell proliferation, metastasis and pluripotency. Understanding the link between epigenetics and metabolism could unravel novel molecular targets, whose intervention may lead to improvements in cancer treatment. In this review, we summarized the recent discoveries linking epigenetics and metabolism and their underlying roles in tumorigenesis; and highlighted the promising molecular targets, with an update on the development of small molecule or biologic inhibitors against these abnormalities in cancer.
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32
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Castillo-Aguilera O, Depreux P, Halby L, Arimondo PB, Goossens L. DNA Methylation Targeting: The DNMT/HMT Crosstalk Challenge. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7010003. [PMID: 28067760 PMCID: PMC5372715 DOI: 10.3390/biom7010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin can adopt a decondensed state linked to gene transcription (euchromatin) and a condensed state linked to transcriptional repression (heterochromatin). These states are controlled by epigenetic modulators that are active on either the DNA or the histones and are tightly associated to each other. Methylation of both DNA and histones is involved in either the activation or silencing of genes and their crosstalk. Since DNA/histone methylation patterns are altered in cancers, molecules that target these modifications are interesting therapeutic tools. We present herein a vast panel of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors classified according to their mechanism, as well as selected histone methyltransferase inhibitors sharing a common mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Castillo-Aguilera
- Univ. Lille, ICPAL, EA 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Patrick Depreux
- Univ. Lille, ICPAL, EA 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Ludovic Halby
- FRE3600 Epigenetic Targeting of Cancer, CNRS, 31035 Toulouse, France.
| | - Paola B Arimondo
- FRE3600 Epigenetic Targeting of Cancer, CNRS, 31035 Toulouse, France.
- Churchill College, Cambridge CB3 0DS, UK.
| | - Laurence Goossens
- Univ. Lille, ICPAL, EA 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Yu P, Guo Y, Yusufu M, Liu Z, Wang S, Yin X, Peng G, Wang L, Zhao X, Guo H, Huang T, Liu C. Decreased expression of EZH2 reactivates RASSF2A by reversal of promoter methylation in breast cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:1062-70. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Yawen Guo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Maimaiti Yusufu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Zeming Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Xingjie Yin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Gongling Peng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryWuhan Central HospitalWuhan430022China
| | - Longqiang Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryWuhan Central HospitalWuhan430022China
| | - Xiangwang Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Chunping Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
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Hu H, Qian K, Ho MC, Zheng YG. Small Molecule Inhibitors of Protein Arginine Methyltransferases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:335-58. [PMID: 26789238 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1144747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arginine methylation is an abundant posttranslational modification occurring in mammalian cells and catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). Misregulation and aberrant expression of PRMTs are associated with various disease states, notably cancer. PRMTs are prominent therapeutic targets in drug discovery. AREAS COVERED The authors provide an updated review of the research on the development of chemical modulators for PRMTs. Great efforts are seen in screening and designing potent and selective PRMT inhibitors, and a number of micromolar and submicromolar inhibitors have been obtained for key PRMT enzymes such as PRMT1, CARM1, and PRMT5. The authors provide a focus on their chemical structures, mechanism of action, and pharmacological activities. Pros and cons of each type of inhibitors are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Several key challenging issues exist in PRMT inhibitor discovery. Structural mechanisms of many PRMT inhibitors remain unclear. There lacks consistency in potency data due to divergence of assay methods and conditions. Physiologically relevant cellular assays are warranted. Substantial engagements are needed to investigate pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the new PRMT inhibitors in pertinent disease models. Discovery and evaluation of potent, isoform-selective, cell-permeable and in vivo-active PRMT modulators will continue to be an active arena of research in years ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences , The University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - Kun Qian
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences , The University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - Meng-Chiao Ho
- b Institute of Biological Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Nankang , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Y George Zheng
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences , The University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
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Navakauskienė R, Mori M, Christodoulou MS, Zentelytė A, Botta B, Via LD, Ricci F, Damia G, Passarella D, Zilio C, Martinet N. Histone demethylating agents as potential S-adenosyl-l-methionine-competitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00170j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Histone H3 methylation on K9 and/or K27 depends on histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Navakauskienė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Vilnius University
- LT-08662 Vilnius
- Lithuania
| | - M. Mori
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 00161 Rome
- Italy
| | | | - A. Zentelytė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Vilnius University
- LT-08662 Vilnius
- Lithuania
| | - B. Botta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco
- Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”
- 00185 Roma
- Italy
| | - L. Dalla Via
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - F. Ricci
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research
- 20156 Milano
- Italy
| | - G. Damia
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research
- 20156 Milano
- Italy
| | - D. Passarella
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - C. Zilio
- Institute of Chemistry
- UMR CNRS 7272
- Nice 06108
- France
| | - N. Martinet
- Institute of Chemistry
- UMR CNRS 7272
- Nice 06108
- France
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