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Chiu H, Chau Fang A, Chen YH, Koi RX, Yu KC, Hsieh LH, Shyu YM, Amer TA, Hsueh YJ, Tsao YT, Shen YJ, Wang YM, Chen HC, Lu YJ, Huang CC, Lu TT. Mechanistic and Kinetic Insights into Cellular Uptake of Biomimetic Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes and Intracellular Delivery of NO for Activation of Cytoprotective HO-1. JACS AU 2024; 4:1550-1569. [PMID: 38665642 PMCID: PMC11040670 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Dinitrosyl iron unit (DNIU), [Fe(NO)2], is a natural metallocofactor for biological storage, delivery, and metabolism of nitric oxide (NO). In the attempt to gain a biomimetic insight into the natural DNIU under biological system, in this study, synthetic dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) [(NO)2Fe(μ-SCH2CH2COOH)2Fe(NO)2] (DNIC-COOH) and [(NO)2Fe(μ-SCH2CH2COOCH3)2Fe(NO)2] (DNIC-COOMe) were employed to investigate the structure-reactivity relationship of mechanism and kinetics for cellular uptake of DNICs, intracellular delivery of NO, and activation of cytoprotective heme oxygenase (HO)-1. After rapid cellular uptake of dinuclear DNIC-COOMe through a thiol-mediated pathway (tmax = 0.5 h), intracellular assembly of mononuclear DNIC [(NO)2Fe(SR)(SCys)]n-/[(NO)2Fe(SR)(SCys-protein)]n- occurred, followed by O2-induced release of free NO (tmax = 1-2 h) or direct transfer of NO to soluble guanylate cyclase, which triggered the downstream HO-1. In contrast, steady kinetics for cellular uptake of DNIC-COOH via endocytosis (tmax = 2-8 h) and for intracellular release of NO (tmax = 4-6 h) reflected on the elevated activation of cytoprotective HO-1 (∼50-150-fold change at t = 3-10 h) and on the improved survival of DNIC-COOH-primed mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)/human corneal endothelial cell (HCEC) under stressed conditions. Consequently, this study unravels the bridging thiolate ligands in dinuclear DNIC-COOH/DNIC-COOMe as a switch to control the mechanism, kinetics, and efficacy for cellular uptake of DNICs, intracellular delivery of NO, and activation of cytoprotective HO-1, which poses an implication on enhanced survival of postengrafted MSC for advancing the MSC-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chiu
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Anyelina Chau Fang
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Chen
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Ru Xin Koi
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ching Yu
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Li-Hung Hsieh
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ming Shyu
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Tarik Abdelkareem
Mostafa Amer
- Department
of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine
and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hsueh
- Department
of Ophthalmology and Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tsao
- Department
of Ophthalmology and Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Jin Shen
- College
of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department
of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine
and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Chen
- Department
of Ophthalmology and Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- College
of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Lu
- College
of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Cheng Huang
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Te Lu
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
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Shoji Y, Terashima Y, Ohkubo K, Ito H, Maruyama K, Fukuzumi S, Nakanishi I. Scandium Ion-Promoted Electron-Transfer Disproportionation of 2-Phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-Oxide (PTIO •) in Acetonitrile and Its Regeneration Induced by Water. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4417. [PMID: 38674002 PMCID: PMC11050215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
2-Phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (PTIO•), a persistent nitronyl nitroxide radical, has been used for the detection and trapping of nitric oxide, as a redox mediator for batteries, for the activity estimation of antioxidants, and so on. However, there is no report on the reactivity of PTIO• in the presence of redox-inactive metal ions. In this study, it is demonstrated that the addition of scandium triflate, Sc(OTf)3 (OTf = OSO2CF3), to an acetonitrile (MeCN) solution of PTIO• resulted in an electron-transfer disproportionation to generate the corresponding cation (PTIO+) and anion (PTIO-), the latter of which is suggested to be stabilized by Sc3+ to form [(PTIO)Sc]2+. The decay of the absorption band at 361 nm due to PTIO•, monitored using a stopped-flow technique, obeyed second-order kinetics. The second-order rate constant for the disproportionation, thus determined, increased with increasing the Sc(OTf)3 concentration to reach a constant value. A drastic change in the cyclic voltammogram recorded for PTIO• in deaerated MeCN containing 0.10 M Bu4NClO4 was also observed upon addition of Sc(OTf)3, suggesting that the large positive shift of the one-electron reduction potential of PTIO• (equivalent to the one-electron oxidation potential of PTIO-) in the presence of Sc(OTf)3 may result in the disproportionation. When H2O was added to the PTIO•-Sc(OTf)3 system in deaerated MeCN, PTIO• was completely regenerated. It is suggested that the complex formation of Sc3+ with H2O may weaken the interaction between PTIO- and Sc3+, leading to electron-transfer comproportionation to regenerate PTIO•. The reversible disproportionation of PTIO• was also confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.
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Grants
- JP18K06620 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP20H02779 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP20H04819 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP18H04650 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP17H03010 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP16H02268 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP23K04686 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Shoji
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate (QLMS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba-shi 263-8555, Chiba, Japan; (Y.S.); (H.I.)
| | - Yuri Terashima
- Environmental Radiation Effects Research Group, Department of Radiation Measurement and Dose Assessment, Institute for Radiological Science (NIRS), Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate (QLMS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba-shi 263-8555, Chiba, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate (QLMS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba-shi 263-8555, Chiba, Japan; (Y.S.); (H.I.)
| | - Kouichi Maruyama
- Environmental Radiation Effects Research Group, Department of Radiation Measurement and Dose Assessment, Institute for Radiological Science (NIRS), Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate (QLMS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba-shi 263-8555, Chiba, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate (QLMS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba-shi 263-8555, Chiba, Japan; (Y.S.); (H.I.)
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3
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Wang P, Zhou R, Zhou R, Feng S, Zhao L, Li W, Lin J, Rajapakse A, Lee CH, Furnari FB, Burgess AW, Gunter JH, Liu G, Ostrikov KK, Richard DJ, Simpson F, Dai X, Thompson EW. Epidermal growth factor potentiates EGFR(Y992/1173)-mediated therapeutic response of triple negative breast cancer cells to cold atmospheric plasma-activated medium. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102976. [PMID: 38052106 PMCID: PMC10746566 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) holds promise as a cancer-specific treatment that selectively kills various types of malignant cells. We used CAP-activated media (PAM) to utilize a range of the generated short- and long-lived reactive species. Specific antibodies, small molecule inhibitors and CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing approaches showed an essential role for receptor tyrosine kinases, especially epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, in mediating triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell responses to PAM. EGF also dramatically enhanced the sensitivity and specificity of PAM against TNBC cells. Site-specific phospho-EGFR analysis, signal transduction inhibitors and reconstitution of EGFR-depleted cells with EGFR-mutants confirmed the role of phospho-tyrosines 992/1173 and phospholipase C gamma signaling in up-regulating levels of reactive oxygen species above the apoptotic threshold. EGF-triggered EGFR activation enhanced the sensitivity and selectivity of PAM effects on TNBC cells. The proposed approach based on the synergy of CAP and EGFR-targeted therapy may provide new opportunities to improve the clinical management of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Wang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Renwu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Rusen Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Shuo Feng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Liqian Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Disease, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Wenshao Li
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Jinyong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Aleksandra Rajapakse
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Chia-Hwa Lee
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Frank B Furnari
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Antony W Burgess
- Walter and Elisa Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jennifer H Gunter
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Derek J Richard
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia; Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Xiaofeng Dai
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
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4
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Chang SH, Hsiao HY, Chen YH, Cheng MH, Liu JW, Huang HJ, Chou YT, Amer TAM, Vijayaraghavan P, Palanisamy S, Wang YM, Lu TT. Conjugation of bone grafts with NO-delivery dinitrosyl iron complexes promotes synergistic osteogenesis and angiogenesis in rat calvaria bone defects. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8007-8019. [PMID: 37530140 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00587a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial/jawbone deformities remain a significant clinical challenge in restoring facial/dental functions and esthetics. Despite the reported therapeutics for clinical bone tissue regeneration, the bioavailability issue of autografts and limited regeneration efficacy of xenografts/synthetic bone substitutes, however, inspire continued efforts towards functional conjugation and improvement of bioactive bone graft materials. Regarding the potential of nitric oxide (NO) in tissue engineering, herein, functional conjugation of NO-delivery dinitrosyl iron complex (DNIC) and osteoconductive bone graft materials was performed to optimize the spatiotemporal control over the delivery of NO and to activate synergistic osteogenesis and angiogenesis in rat calvaria bone defects. Among three types of biomimetic DNICs, [Fe2(μ-SCH2CH2COOH)2(NO)4] (DNIC-COOH) features a steady kinetics for cellular uptake by MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells followed by intracellular assembly of protein-bound DNICs and release of NO. This steady kinetics for intracellular delivery of NO by DNIC-COOH rationalizes its biocompatibility and wide-spectrum cell proliferation effects on MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Moreover, the bridging [SCH2CH2COOH]- thiolate ligands in DNIC-COOH facilitate its chemisorption to deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and physisorption onto TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate), respectively, which provides a mechanism to control the kinetics for the local release of loaded DNIC-COOH. Using rats with calvaria bone defects as an in vivo model, DNIC-DBBM/DNIC-TCP promotes the osteogenic and angiogenic activity ascribed to functional conjugation of osteoconductive bone graft materials and NO-delivery DNIC-COOH. Of importance, the therapeutic efficacy of DNIC-DBBM/DNIC-TCP on enhanced compact bone formation after treatment for 4 and 12 weeks supports the potential for clinical application to regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hao Chang
- Department of Periodontics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Center of Tissue Engineering, Linkuo Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Yi Hsiao
- Center of Tissue Engineering, Linkuo Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
- Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Huei Cheng
- Center of Tissue Engineering, Linkuo Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
- Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Liu
- Center of Tissue Engineering, Linkuo Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
- Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Jo Huang
- Department of Periodontics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Center of Tissue Engineering, Linkuo Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Tarik Abdelkareem Mostafa Amer
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Priya Vijayaraghavan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sathyadevi Palanisamy
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Te Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
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5
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Mladenov M, Lubomirov L, Grisk O, Avtanski D, Mitrokhin V, Sazdova I, Keremidarska-Markova M, Danailova Y, Nikolaev G, Konakchieva R, Gagov H. Oxidative Stress, Reductive Stress and Antioxidants in Vascular Pathogenesis and Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051126. [PMID: 37237992 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is focused on the mechanisms that regulate health, disease and aging redox status, the signal pathways that counteract oxidative and reductive stress, the role of food components and additives with antioxidant properties (curcumin, polyphenols, vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, etc.), and the role of the hormones irisin and melatonin in the redox homeostasis of animal and human cells. The correlations between the deviation from optimal redox conditions and inflammation, allergic, aging and autoimmune responses are discussed. Special attention is given to the vascular system, kidney, liver and brain oxidative stress processes. The role of hydrogen peroxide as an intracellular and paracrine signal molecule is also reviewed. The cyanotoxins β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), cylindrospermopsin, microcystins and nodularins are introduced as potentially dangerous food and environment pro-oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitko Mladenov
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, "Ss. Cyril and Methodius" University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Lubomir Lubomirov
- Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Olaf Grisk
- Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Dimiter Avtanski
- Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 E 59th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Vadim Mitrokhin
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Iliyana Sazdova
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Keremidarska-Markova
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yana Danailova
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Nikolaev
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rossitza Konakchieva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Hristo Gagov
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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6
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Santana Maldonado C, Weir A, Rumbeiha WK. A comprehensive review of treatments for hydrogen sulfide poisoning: past, present, and future. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:183-196. [PMID: 36076319 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2121192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) poisoning remains a significant source of occupational fatalities and is the second most common cause of toxic gas-induced deaths. It is a rapidly metabolized systemic toxicant targeting the mitochondria, among other organelles. Intoxication is mostly acute, but chronic or in-between exposure scenarios also occur. Some genetic defects in H2S metabolism lead to lethal chronic H2S poisoning. In acute exposures, the neural, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems are the primary target organs resulting in respiratory distress, convulsions, hypotension, and cardiac irregularities. Some survivors of acute poisoning develop long-term sequelae, particularly in the central nervous system. Currently, treatment for H2S poisoning is primarily supportive care as there are no FDA-approved drugs. Besides hyperbaric oxygen treatment, drugs in current use for the management of H2S poisoning are controversial. Novel potential drugs are under pre-clinical research development, most of which target binding the H2S. However, there is an acute need to discover new drugs to prevent and treat H2S poisoning, including reducing mortality and morbidity, preventing sequalae from acute exposures, and for treating cumulative pathology from chronic exposures. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive review of H2S poisoning including perspectives on past, present, and future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abigail Weir
- Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Wilson K Rumbeiha
- Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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7
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Desai SM, Jha RM, Linfante I. Collateral Circulation Augmentation and Neuroprotection as Adjuvant to Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Neurology 2021; 97:S178-S184. [PMID: 34785616 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Mechanical thrombectomy (MT)-mediated endovascular recanalization has dramatically transformed treatment and outcomes after acute ischemic stroke caused by a large vessel occlusion (LVO). Current guidelines recommend MT up to 24 hours from stroke onset in carefully selected patients based on favorable clinical and imaging parameters. Despite optimal patient selection and low complication rates with current recanalization technology, approximately 1 in 2 patients with LVO stroke do not achieve functional independence at 3 months. This ceiling effect of MT efficacy may be explained by ischemic core expansion into the ischemic penumbra before recanalization and neuronal loss occurring after recanalization. Factors affecting the efficacy of MT, or the degree of irreversible injury, include time from symptom onset to recanalization, collateral circulation status, and differences in neuronal vulnerability. The purpose of this brief review is to discuss potential targets for neuroprotection, present and future potential pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic agents, and the data available in the literature. RECENT FINDINGS In experimental ischemia models, several authors reported that pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic agents are able to slow the progression of ischemic core expansion. However, in the era of unsuccessful recanalization of the occluded artery, several neuroprotective agents that were promising in the preclinical stage failed phase II/III clinical trials. SUMMARY Providing neuroprotection before and after recanalization of an LVO may play an important role in improving outcomes in the era of MT. Neuroprotection is classically defined as a process that results in the salvage, recovery, or regeneration of neuronal (and other supporting CNS cell) structure or function. The advent of successful recanalization of acute LVO by MT in the majority of patients may spur the growth of effective neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashvat M Desai
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (S.M.D.), Department of Neurology, Phoenix, AZ; and Baptist Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Department of Neurology, Miami, FL
| | - Ruchira M Jha
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (S.M.D.), Department of Neurology, Phoenix, AZ; and Baptist Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Department of Neurology, Miami, FL
| | - Italo Linfante
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (S.M.D.), Department of Neurology, Phoenix, AZ; and Baptist Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Department of Neurology, Miami, FL.
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8
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Reaction mechanisms relevant to the formation and utilization of [Ru(edta)(NO)] complexes in aqueous media. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 225:111595. [PMID: 34555599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The advancement of Ru(edta) complexes (edta4- = ethylenediamineteraacetate) mediated reactions, including NO generation and its utilization, has not been systematically reviewed to date. This review aims to report the research progress that has been made in exploring the application of Ru(edta) complexes in trapping and generation of NO. Furthermore, utilization of the potential of Ru(edta) complexes to mimic NO synthase and nitrite reductase activity, including thermodynamics and kinetics of NO binding to Ru(edta) complexes, their NO scavenging (in vitro), and antitumor activity will be discussed. Also, the role of [Ru(edta)(NO)] in mediating electrochemical reduction of nitrite, S-nitrosylation of biological thiols, and cross-talk between NO and H2S, will be covered. Reports on the NO-related chemistry of Fe(edta) complexes showing similar behavior are contextualized in this review for comparison purposes. The research contributions compiled herein will provide in-depth mechanistic knowledge for understanding the diverse routes pertaining to the formation of the [Ru(edta)(NO)] species, and its role in effecting the aforementioned reactions of biochemical significance.
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Garren MR, Ashcraft M, Qian Y, Douglass M, Brisbois EJ, Handa H. Nitric oxide and viral infection: Recent developments in antiviral therapies and platforms. APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY 2021; 22:100887. [PMID: 38620577 PMCID: PMC7718584 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2020.100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gasotransmitter of great significance to developing the innate immune response to many bacterial and viral infections, while also modulating vascular physiology. The generation of NO from the upregulation of endogenous nitric oxide synthases serves as an efficacious method for inhibiting viral replication in host defense and warrants investigation for the development of antiviral therapeutics. With increased incidence of global pandemics concerning several respiratory-based viral infections, it is necessary to develop broad therapeutic platforms for inhibiting viral replication and enabling more efficient host clearance, as well as to fabricate new materials for deterring viral transmission from medical devices. Recent developments in creating stabilized NO donor compounds and their incorporation into macromolecular scaffolds and polymeric substrates has created a new paradigm for developing NO-based therapeutics for long-term NO release in applications for bactericidal and blood-contacting surfaces. Despite this abundance of research, there has been little consideration of NO-releasing scaffolds and substrates for reducing passive transmission of viral infections or for treating several respiratory viral infections. The aim of this review is to highlight the recent advances in developing gaseous NO, NO prodrugs, and NO donor compounds for antiviral therapies; discuss the limitations of NO as an antiviral agent; and outline future prospects for guiding materials design of a next generation of NO-releasing antiviral platforms.
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Key Words
- ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme
- AP1, activator protein 1
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, FDA, United States Food and Drug Administration
- GNSO, S-nitrosoglutathione
- H1N1, influenza A virus subtype H1N1
- HI, Host Immunology
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- HPV, human papillomavirus
- HSV, herpes simplex virus
- I/R, pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion
- IC50, inhibitory concentration 50
- IFN, interferon
- IFNγ, interferon gamma
- IKK, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase
- IRF-1, interferon regulatory factor 1
- Inhalation therapy
- Medical Terminology: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- Nitric Oxide and Related Compounds: eNOS/NOS 3, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- Nitric oxide
- Other: DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- P38-MAPK, P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases
- PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- PCV2, porcine circovirus type 2
- PHT, pulmonary hypertension
- PKR, protein kinase R
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- RNI, reactive nitrogen intermediate
- RSNO, S-nitrosothiol
- SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SNAP, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine
- STAT-1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1
- Severe acute respiratory distress
- TAK1, transforming growth factor β-activated kinases-1
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- VAP, ventilator associated pneumonia
- Viral infection
- Viruses: CVB3, coxsackievirus
- dsRNA, double stranded (viral) ribonucleic acid
- gNO, gaseous nitric oxide
- iNOS/NOS 2, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- mtALDH, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase
- nNOS/NOS 1, neuronal nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Garren
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Morgan Ashcraft
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yun Qian
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Megan Douglass
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Brisbois
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Altowyan MS, Barakat A, Soliman SM, Al-Majid AM, Ali M, Elshaier YA, Ghabbour HA. A new barbituric acid derivatives as reactive oxygen scavenger: Experimental and theoretical investigations. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chellan P, Sadler PJ. The elements of life and medicines. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2015; 373:20140182. [PMID: 25666066 PMCID: PMC4342972 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Which elements are essential for human life? Here we make an element-by-element journey through the periodic table and attempt to assess whether elements are essential or not, and if they are, whether there is a relevant code for them in the human genome. There are many difficulties such as the human biochemistry of several so-called essential elements is not well understood, and it is not clear how we should classify elements that are involved in the destruction of invading microorganisms, or elements which are essential for microorganisms with which we live in symbiosis. In general, genes do not code for the elements themselves, but for specific chemical species, i.e. for the element, its oxidation state, type and number of coordinated ligands, and the coordination geometry. Today, the biological periodic table is in a position somewhat similar to Mendeleev's chemical periodic table of 1869: there are gaps and we need to do more research to fill them. The periodic table also offers potential for novel therapeutic and diagnostic agents, based on not only essential elements, but also non-essential elements, and on radionuclides. Although the potential for inorganic chemistry in medicine was realized more than 2000 years ago, this area of research is still in its infancy. Future advances in the design of inorganic drugs require more knowledge of their mechanism of action, including target sites and metabolism. Temporal speciation of elements in their biological environments at the atomic level is a major challenge, for which new methods are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prinessa Chellan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Petrofsky J, Lohman E, Lee S, de la Cuesta Z, Labial L, Iouciulescu R, Moseley B, Korson R, Al Malty A. Effects of contrast baths on skin blood flow on the dorsal and plantar foot in people with type 2 diabetes and age-matched controls. Physiother Theory Pract 2009; 23:189-97. [PMID: 17687732 DOI: 10.1080/09593980701209295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Contrast baths have been used for therapy for over 2,000 years. The basic concept is to alternate warm and cool water baths during a treatment session. It is believed that this will increase circulation better than just placing the limb in a warm water bath. However, there is little supportive evidence for this assertion. Further, for subjects with diabetes, with underlying impairments in their circulation, this may not work at all. Fourteen people with type 2 diabetes were compared to 14 age-matched controls. Skin blood flow of the foot (BF) was measured during 16 minutes of contrast baths at two different intervals: 3 minutes warm and 1 minute cold and 6 minutes warm and 2 minutes cold. In control subjects, warm and cold contrast baths with the ratio 3 minutes warm to 1 minute cold elicited significantly (p < 0.01) greater BF than placing the limb continuously in warm water or using a 6:2 ratio of warm to cold bath time. In control subjects, there was also a greater plantar than dorsal BF. For subjects with diabetes, there was no statistical difference between BF with contrast baths versus warm whirlpool; but in both cases BF was significantly less than that seen in control subjects under similar circumstances. There was also very little difference between BF on the plantar and dorsal aspects of the foot in the subjects with diabetes. Patients with diabetes do not show a vascular response to contrast bath therapy. The BF response to contrast temperatures may be a good diagnostic test for diabetic vascular impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold Petrofsky
- Department of Physical Therapy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92350, USA.
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Bambagioni V, Bani D, Bencini A, Biver T, Cantore M, Chelli R, Cinci L, Failli P, Ghezzi L, Giorgi C, Nappini S, Secco F, Tinè MR, Valtancoli B, Venturini M. Polyamine−Polycarboxylate Metal Complexes with Different Biological Effectiveness as Nitric Oxide Scavengers. Clues for Drug Design. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3250-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701553u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bambagioni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Bencini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Tarita Biver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Miriam Cantore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Chelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cinci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Failli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Ghezzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Nappini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Fernando Secco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Tinè
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Valtancoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Marcella Venturini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, Pisa, Italy, and Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, V. le G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
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Novotny AR, Emmanuel K, Maier S, Westerholt A, Weighardt H, Stadler J, Bartels H, Schwaiger M, Siewert JR, Holzmann B, Heidecke CD. Cytochrome P450 activity mirrors nitric oxide levels in postoperative sepsis: predictive indicators of lethal outcome. Surgery 2007; 141:376-84. [PMID: 17349850 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2006.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Revised: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of liver failure significantly influences prognosis during the course of major septic complications. Although the underlying cause for septic liver failure is still unclear, research using animal models has demonstrated that an increased nitric oxide (NO) synthesis compromises detoxification processes in the liver. METHODS In the present study, serum NO levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and aminopyrine breath test (ABT) scores, reflecting the in vivo activity of cytochrome P450-dependent liver enzymes, were investigated in 42 patients (23 who survived sepsis [survivors]/19 patients who ultimately died of sepsis [nonsurvivors]) suffering from major septic complications after abdominal surgery. Additionally, TNF-alpha serum levels, serving as indicators for major systemic inflammation, were monitored using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The increased serum NO levels that were found during sepsis correlated with the severity of the septic course. Compared with preoperative values of 42.77 +/- 5.84 mM, nitrite/nitrate levels reached 72.88 +/- 10.16 mM in early sepsis. An increased NO synthesis also was accompanied by a rise in serum TNF-alpha levels. Monitoring of liver function by ABT allowed an early differentiation between transient sepsis and sepsis with a lethal outcome (P=.006). In contrast, cytochrome P450 activity as measured by the ABT was significantly diminished in septic patients (0.45 +/- 0.02 [% dose x kgBW per (mmol CO2)-1] before sepsis onset/0.16 +/- 0.01 [% dose x kgBW per (mmol CO2)-1] in sepsis). Like the NO and TNF-alpha levels, ABT scores showed a difference between transient sepsis and sepsis with a lethal outcome. Serum NO levels were inversely correlated with ABT scores (P=.022) and positively correlated with TNF-alpha levels (P=0.015) in the late phase of sepsis. Serum TNF-alpha levels and ABT scores were inversely correlated in the early (P=.027), as well as in the late (P=.015) phases of sepsis. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the hypothesis that septic liver failure is linked to the induction of NO synthesis in major systemic inflammation. Therefore, the ABT provides a clinically useful tool for predicting the outcome in the early stages of sepsis. This may aid in the decision-making process when early surgical intervention is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Novotny
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technishen Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
The underlying principles of sepsis therapy have remained unchanged for decades. These include: prompt institution of antimicrobial agents aimed at the inciting pathogen, source control directed at removal of the infection nidus whenever possible, and support of organ dysfunction. Despite advances in antibiotics, surgical techniques and organ support technology, the morbidity and mortality from sepsis-related diseases have remained substantially unchanged (30 - 50%). Immunomodulation of the inflammatory cascade has been suggested as a crucial but inadequately addressed element in the treatment of sepsis. The list of potential therapeutic targets has been growing as more and more mediators are identified in the pathogenesis of sepsis. To date, numerous anti-inflammatory agents, found to have favourable effects in animal models of septic shock, have been tested in a number of clinical trials on thousands of patients. In this first of a three part series, we go through some of the background and current strategies in sepsis therapy. In this review, we include the two novel therapies that have shown clear survival benefit in large, randomised, placebo-controlled, multi-centre trials, low-dose steroids and recombinant activated protein C. Also included in this review are studies on antithrombin III, platelet-activating factor antagonists, complement modulators, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and caspase inhibitors (apoptosis inhibitors).
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Añel
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center and Cook County Hospital, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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