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Gao D, Gao X, Yang F, Wang Q. Neuroimmune Crosstalk in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158158. [PMID: 35897734 PMCID: PMC9332175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that immunological disease progression is closely related to abnormal function of the central nervous system (CNS). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory synovitis-based systemic immune disease of unknown etiology. In addition to joint pathological damage, RA has been linked to neuropsychiatric comorbidities, including depression, schizophrenia, and anxiety, increasing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases in life. Immune cells and their secreted immune factors will stimulate the peripheral and central neuronal systems that regulate innate and adaptive immunity. The understanding of autoimmune diseases has largely advanced insights into the molecular mechanisms of neuroimmune interaction. Here, we review our current understanding of CNS comorbidities and potential physiological mechanisms in patients with RA, with a focus on the complex and diverse regulation of mood and distinct patterns of peripheral immune activation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. And in our review, we also discussed the role that has been played by peripheral neurons and CNS in terms of neuron mechanisms in RA immune challenges, and the related neuron-immune crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashuang Gao
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen 518036, China;
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Fan Yang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qingwen Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen 518036, China;
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (Q.W.)
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Duan SB, Gao XJ, Zhang HY, Lu CC, Zhao J, Han YP, Zhang Y, Liang YM. Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular tandem dearomatization of indoles for the synthesis of tetracyclic indolines. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Sigfridsson K, Ahlqvist M, Lindsjö M, Paulsson S. Salt formation improved the properties of a candidate drug during early formulation development. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 120:162-171. [PMID: 29730322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate if AZD5329, a dual neurokinin NK1/2 receptor antagonist, is a suitable candidate for further development as an oral immediate release (IR) solid dosage form as a final product. The neutral form of AZD5329 has only been isolated as amorphous material. In order to search for a solid material with improved physical and chemical stability and more suitable solid-state properties, a salt screen was performed. Crystalline material of a maleic acid salt and a fumaric acid salt of AZD5329 were obtained. X-ray powder diffractiometry, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic vapor sorption were used to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of the two salts. The fumarate salt of AZD5329 is anhydrous, the crystallization is reproducible and the hygroscopicity is acceptable. Early polymorphism assessment work using slurry technique did not reveal any better crystal modification or crystallinity for the fumarate salt. For the maleate salt, the form isolated originally was found to be a solvate, but an anhydrous form was found in later experiments; by suspension in water or acetone, by drying of the solvate to 100-120 °C or by subjecting the solvate form to conditions of 40 °C/75%RH for 3 months. The dissolution behavior and the chemical stability (in aqueous solutions, formulations and solid-state) of both salts were also studied and found to be satisfactory. The compound displays sensitivity to low pH, and the salt of the maleic acid, which is the stronger acid, shows more degradation during stability studies, in line with this observation. The presented data indicate that the substance fulfils basic requirements for further development of an IR dosage form, based on the characterization on crystalline salts of AZD5329.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Sigfridsson
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Science, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | - Martin Lindsjö
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Paulsson
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Recio R, Vengut-Climent E, Mouillac B, Orcel H, López-Lázaro M, Calderón-Montaño JM, Álvarez E, Khiar N, Fernández I. Design, synthesis and biological studies of a library of NK1-Receptor Ligands Based on a 5-arylthiosubstituted 2-amino-4,6-diaryl-3-cyano-4H-pyran core: Switch from antagonist to agonist effect by chemical modification. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:644-660. [PMID: 28710964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A library of 5-arylthiosubstituted 2-amino-4,6-diaryl-3-cyano-4H-pyrans has been synthesized as a new family of non-peptide NK1 receptor ligands by a one-pot cascade process. Their biological effects via interaction with the NK1 receptor were experimentally determined as percentage of inhibition (for antagonists) and percentage of activation (for agonists), compared to the substance P (SP) effect, in IPone assay. A set of these amino compounds was found to inhibit the action of SP, and therefore can be considered as a new family of SP-antagonists. Interestingly, the acylation of the 2-amino position causes a switch from antagonist to agonist activity. The 5-phenylsulfonyl-2-amino derivative 17 showed the highest antagonist activity, while the 5-p-tolylsulfenyl-2-trifluoroacetamide derivative 20R showed the highest agonist effect. As expected, in the case of the 5-sulfinylderivatives, there was an enantiomeric discrimination in favor of one of the two enantiomers, specifically those with (SS,RC) configuration. The anticancer activity studies assessed by using human A-549 lung cancer cells and MRC-5 non-malignant lung fibroblasts, revealed a statistically significant selective cytotoxic effect of some of these 2-amino-4H-pyran derivatives toward the lung cancer cells. These studies demonstrated that the newly synthesized 4H-pyran derivatives can be used as a starting point for the synthesis of novel SP-antagonists with higher anticancer activity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Recio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Empar Vengut-Climent
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Bernard Mouillac
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Orcel
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Miguel López-Lázaro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, C.S.I.C-Universidad de Sevilla, C/Américo Vespucio, 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Eleuterio Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, C.S.I.C-Universidad de Sevilla, C/Américo Vespucio, 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Noureddine Khiar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, C.S.I.C-Universidad de Sevilla, C/Américo Vespucio, 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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Van der Poorten O, Knuhtsen A, Sejer Pedersen D, Ballet S, Tourwé D. Side Chain Cyclized Aromatic Amino Acids: Great Tools as Local Constraints in Peptide and Peptidomimetic Design. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10865-10890. [PMID: 27690430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Constraining the conformation of flexible peptides is a proven strategy to increase potency, selectivity, and metabolic stability. The focus has mostly been on constraining the backbone dihedral angles; however, the correct orientation of the amino acid side chains (χ-space) that constitute the peptide pharmacophore is equally important. Control of χ-space utilizes conformationally constrained amino acids that favor, disfavor, or exclude the gauche (-), the gauche (+), or the trans conformation. In this review we focus on cyclic aromatic amino acids in which the side chain is connected to the peptide backbone to provide control of χ1- and χ2-space. The manifold applications for cyclized analogues of the aromatic amino acids Phe, Tyr, Trp, and His within peptide medicinal chemistry are showcased herein with examples of enzyme inhibitors and ligands for G protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Van der Poorten
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bio-Engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Astrid Knuhtsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Sejer Pedersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bio-Engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk Tourwé
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bio-Engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
The peripheral nervous system takes an active part in inflammatory processes by regulating effector cell function and reallocation of energy to the immune system. During acute inflammation, rapid neuronal reorganization and change of activity takes place. The hallmarks of this process are an increase in systemic sympathetic activity, a decrease in systemic parasympathetic activity and loss of sympathetic nerve fibres from sites of inflammation concomitant with increased innervation with sensory nerve fibres and increased sensory nerve fibre activity. On a systemic level, the increase in sympathetic activity (and decrease in parasympathetic activity) is necessary to provide enough energy to nourish the activated immune system. In locally inflamed tissue, the decrease in sympathetic nerve fibre density results in reduced anti-inflammatory signalling and, together with neuropeptides released from sensory nerve fibres, promotes local inflammation. In acute inflammation, this 'inflammatory configuration' of the peripheral nervous system favours the rapid clearance of antigenic threats. However, in chronic autoimmune inflammation, these changes of the peripheral nervous system lead to an unfavourable situation with ongoing energy reallocation and continuous local destruction. As an example of a chronic inflammatory condition, we discuss evidence for neuroimmune regulation in autoimmune arthritis with a focus on the sympathetic nervous system.
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Design, structure–activity relationship, and highly efficient asymmetric synthesis of 3-phenyl-4-benzylaminopiperidine derivatives as novel neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:6430-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ballet S, Feytens D, Buysse K, Chung NN, Lemieux C, Tumati S, Keresztes A, Van Duppen J, Lai J, Varga E, Porreca F, Schiller PW, Vanden Broeck J, Tourwé D. Design of novel neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists based on conformationally constrained aromatic amino acids and discovery of a potent chimeric opioid agonist-neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2467-76. [PMID: 21413804 PMCID: PMC3096782 DOI: 10.1021/jm1016285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A screening of conformationally constrained aromatic amino acids as base cores for the preparation of new NK1 receptor antagonists resulted in the discovery of three new NK1 receptor antagonists, 19 [Ac-Aba-Gly-NH-3',5'-(CF(3))(2)-Bn], 20 [Ac-Aba-Gly-NMe-3',5'-(CF(3))(2)-Bn], and 23 [Ac-Tic-NMe-3',5'-(CF(3))(2)-Bn], which were able to counteract the agonist effect of substance P, the endogenous ligand of NK1R. The most active NK1 antagonist of the series, 20 [Ac-Aba-Gly-NMe-3',5'-(CF(3))(2)-Bn], was then used in the design of a novel, potent chimeric opioid agonist-NK1 receptor antagonist, 35 [Dmt-D-Arg-Aba-Gly-NMe-3',5'-(CF(3))(2)-Bn], which combines the N terminus of the established Dmt(1)-DALDA agonist opioid pharmacophore (H-Dmt-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH(2)) and 20, the NK1R ligand. The opioid component of the chimeric compound 35, that is, Dmt-D-Arg-Aba-Gly-NH(2) (36), also proved to be an extremely potent and balanced μ and δ opioid receptor agonist with subnanomolar binding and in vitro functional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Ballet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Sigfridsson K, Ahlqvist M, Carlsson A, Fridström A. Early development evaluation of AZD8081: a substrate for the NK receptors. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 37:702-13. [PMID: 21417618 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2010.535823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to find out if AZD8081, a dual neurokinin (NK)1/2 receptor antagonist, was suitable for development of an oral, solid immediate release (IR) formulation and in a further perspective also as an oral extended release (ER) formulation. AZD8081 is a base with pK(a) values <2.5 and about 8.5. The measured intrinsic solubility is about 0.1 mg/mL and the solubility in FaSSIF (fasted simulated small intestinal fluid) is about 3.2 mg/mL. Aqueous buffer solutions are stable for at least 1 month between pH 1-7 up to 37°C. In the solid-state, a mixture of amorphous and crystalline substance showed significant chemical instability in the initial stress testing studies. No degradation was, however, observed for highly crystalline material at similar conditions. It is concluded that the impurity profile and/or the present solid-state of the batches affect the stability of the substance. The amorphous contribution of the substance is the main cause to the observed degradation in solid-state. Crystalline AZD8081 is polymorphic with two known monotropic forms, form A and form B. Both forms are only slightly hygroscopic ansolvates with melting points of approximately 108°C and 117°C, respectively. Form B is the more stable of the two forms and is therefore most suited for further development. The candidate is suitable for development of standard IR formulations since no specific limitations of significance for formulation development were identified. In addition, the good stability in human intestinal fluid and in colon slurry makes AZD8081 a suitable candidate for ER formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sigfridsson
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden.
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Engberg S, Ahlstedt I, Leffler A, Lindström E, Kristensson E, Svensson A, Påhlman I, Johansson A, Drmota T, von Mentzer B. Molecular cloning, mutations and effects of NK1 receptor antagonists reveal the human-like pharmacology of gerbil NK1 receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 73:259-69. [PMID: 17097619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the pharmacology of the cloned neurokinin 1 receptor from the gerbil (gNK(1)R), a species claimed to have human-like NK(1)R (hNK(1)R) pharmacology. The amino acid sequence of NK(1)R was cloned. The hNK(1)R, rat NK(1)R (rNK(1)R), gNK(1)R and mutants of the gNK(1)R were expressed in CHO cells. The affinity and potency of NKR agonists and the NK(1)R antagonists CP99994 and RP67580 (NK(1)R-selective) and ZD6021 (NK1/2R) were assessed in vitro by monitoring [(3)H]-SarMet SP binding and substance P-evoked mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+). The gerbil foot tap (GFT) method was used to assess the potency of the antagonists in vivo. The gNK(1)R coding sequence displayed an overall 95% and 97% homology with hNK(1)R and rNK(1)R, respectively. The affinity of the NK(1)R-selective agonist (3)H-SarMet SP for human and gerbil NK(1)R was similar (2.0 and 3.1 nM) but lower for rNK(1)R (12.4 nM). The rank order potency of the agonists for NK(1)R was SP > or = ASMSP > or = NKA >>> pro7NKB in all species. The NK(1)R antagonists, ZD6021 and CP99994, had comparable affinity and potency for gerbil and human NK(1)R, but were 1000-fold less potent for rNK(1)R. In contrast, RP67580 had comparable affinity and potency for all three species. Mutations in positions 116 and 290 did not affect agonist potency at the gNK(1)R while the potency of the antagonists ZD6021 and CP99994 were markedly decreased (10-20-fold). It is concluded that gNK(1)R has similar antagonist pharmacology as the human-like orthologue and that species differences in antagonist function depend on key residues in the coding sequence and antagonist structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Engberg
- AstraZeneca Research and Development, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
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Hesse C, Luntz SP, Siedler H, Unnebrink K, Mikus G, de Bruijn M, Zondag E, de Vries M, Seibert-Grafe M, Haefeli WE. Kinetics and dynamics of the peripheral neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist SLV317 in healthy individuals. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2006; 61:414-9. [PMID: 16542202 PMCID: PMC1885038 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamic effects in dorsal hand veins of the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist SLV317. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study 19 healthy men received a single oral dose of SLV317 or placebo. Blood samples were collected for analysis of SLV317 plasma concentrations and the inhibition of the venodilator response to substance P was evaluated using the hand vein compliance method. RESULTS Administration of 250 mg SLV317 as an oral solution was well tolerated and resulted in mean peak plasma concentrations (+/- SEM) of 77 +/- 9 ng ml(-1) within 47 +/- 3 min; the mean half-life was 9.9 +/- 1.6 h. In hand veins preconstricted with phenylephrine, local infusion of substance P resulted in a mean venodilation of 56 +/- 8% and 49 +/- 6% (P = 0.91) before administration of SLV317 or placebo, respectively. SLV317 caused a substantial inhibition of substance P-induced venodilation, whereas placebo had no effect (P < 0.001). The maximum antagonizing effect of SLV317 averaged 95 +/- 8% and was observed after 1.47 +/- 00.24 h. Correspondingly, the mean area under the effect curve after administration of SLV317 [278 +/- 67% h(-1); 95% confidence interval (CI) 198, 358] was significantly higher compared with placebo (49 +/- 12% h(-1); 95% CI -24, 122; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist SLV317 is an orally active and highly effective antagonist of substance P-induced effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steffen P Luntz
- Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials, Medical Faculty, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Kristina Unnebrink
- Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials, Medical Faculty, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Edu Zondag
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals B.V.DA Weesp, the Netherlands
| | | | - Monika Seibert-Grafe
- Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials, Medical Faculty, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter E Haefeli
- Correspondence Walter E. Haefeli MD, Department of Internal Medicine VI, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Tel: + 49 62 2156 8740 Fax: + 49 62 2156 4642 E-mail:
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Herrstedt J. Risk–benefit of antiemetics in prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.3.3.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hanoun N, Mocaër E, Boyer PA, Hamon M, Lanfumey L. Differential effects of the novel antidepressant agomelatine (S 20098) versus fluoxetine on 5-HT1A receptors in the rat brain. Neuropharmacology 2004; 47:515-26. [PMID: 15380370 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2003] [Revised: 05/07/2004] [Accepted: 05/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Agomelatine (S 20098) is a novel antidepressant drug with melatonin receptor agonist and 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist properties, but actual mechanisms underlying its antidepressant action are unknown. Because functional desensitization of 5-HT(1A) autoreceptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) occurs after chronic administration of several classes of antidepressants, we investigated whether this adaptive change could also be induced by agomelatine. Neither acute nor chronic treatment with agomelatine (10 mg/kg i.p. for 14 days or 50 mg/kg i.p. for 21 days) changed the density of 5-HT(1A) receptors and their coupling with G proteins in the DRN and the hippocampus in rats. Moreover, these treatments did not affect the basal electrophysiological characteristics and the responses to 5-HT(1A) receptor stimulation of DRN and hippocampal neurons in brain slices. Parallel experiments with melatonin (10 mg/kg i.p. for 14 days) and fluoxetine (5 mg/kg i.p. for 14 days) as reference compounds showed that the former was unable to affect 5-HT(1A) receptors whereas the latter decreased both the 5-HT(1A) receptor-mediated [(35)S]GTP-gamma-S binding and the potency of ipsapirone, a 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist, to inhibit neuronal firing in the DRN. These data indicate that the antidepressant action of agomelatine is not mediated through the same mechanisms as SSRIs or tricyclics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naïma Hanoun
- INSERM U288, Neuropsychopharmacologie Moléculaire, Cellulaire et Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France
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Nimmo AJ, Cernak I, Heath DL, Hu X, Bennett CJ, Vink R. Neurogenic inflammation is associated with development of edema and functional deficits following traumatic brain injury in rats. Neuropeptides 2004; 38:40-7. [PMID: 15003715 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2003.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2003] [Accepted: 12/20/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study has used capsaicin-induced neuropeptide depletion to examine the role of neurogenic inflammation in the development of edema and functional deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Adult, male rats were treated with capsaicin (neuropeptide-depleted) or equal volume vehicle (controls) 14 days prior to induction of moderate/severe diffuse TBI. Injury in vehicle treated control animals resulted in acute (4-5 h) edema formation, which was confirmed as being vasogenic in origin by diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging and the presence of increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to Evans blue dye. There was also a significant decline in brain magnesium concentration, as assessed by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the development of profound motor and cognitive deficits. In contrast, capsaicin pre-treatment resulted in a significant reduction in post-traumatic edema formation (p < 0.001), BBB permeability (p < 0.001), free magnesium decline (p < 0.01) and both motor and cognitive deficits (p < 0.001). We conclude that neurogenic inflammation may play an integral role in the development of edema and functional deficits following TBI, and that neuropeptides may be a novel target for development of interventional pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Nimmo
- School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld., Australia
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16
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Orjales A, Mosquera R, Toledo A, Pumar MC, García N, Cortizo L, Labeaga L, Innerárity A. Syntheses and Binding Studies of New [(Aryl)(aryloxy)methyl]piperidine Derivatives and Related Compounds as Potential Antidepressant Drugs with High Affinity for Serotonin (5-HT) and Norepinephrine (NE) Transporters. J Med Chem 2003; 46:5512-32. [PMID: 14640559 DOI: 10.1021/jm0309349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a wide search program toward new, efficient, and fast-acting antidepressant drugs, we have prepared series of new compounds having an (aryl)(aryloxy)methyl moiety linked directly or through a methylene chain to different substituted and unsubstituted cycles (isoquinoline, piperazine, piperidine, tetrahydropyran, or cyclopentane). These compounds have been evaluated for their affinities for serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT) and 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors. Racemic mixtures of 4-[(aryl)(aryloxy)methyl]piperidine derivatives showed much higher affinity values for SERT than fluoxetine and resulted in lack of affinity for 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors. Some of these racemic mixtures were resolved to their enantiomers and tested for binding to norepinephrine (NE) transporter (NET), dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT), and alpha(2) receptor. Several of these enantiomers [(-)-15b, (-)-15j, (-)-15t, (+)-15u] displayed a dual binding profile with affinities for SERT and NET with K(i) < 25 nM and a NET/SERT ratio <10. Compound (-)-15j (coded as F-98214-TA for development studies) showed a dual binding profile with very high affinity values for SERT and NET (K(i) = 1.9 and 13.5 nM, respectively), and further pharmacological characterization is in progress for its evaluation as a antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Orjales
- FAES FARMA S A, Research Department, Máximo Aguirre 14, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain.
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17
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Synthesis and conformational analysis of Substance P antagonist analogues based on a 1,7-naphthyridine scaffold. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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van der Hart MGC, Czéh B, de Biurrun G, Michaelis T, Watanabe T, Natt O, Frahm J, Fuchs E. Substance P receptor antagonist and clomipramine prevent stress-induced alterations in cerebral metabolites, cytogenesis in the dentate gyrus and hippocampal volume. Mol Psychiatry 2003; 7:933-41. [PMID: 12399945 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2001] [Revised: 02/19/2002] [Accepted: 03/01/2002] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide substance P and its receptor, the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK(1)R) have been proposed as possible targets for new antidepressant therapies. The present study investigated the effect of the NK(1)R antagonist L-760,735 and the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine in the chronic psychosocial stress paradigm of adult male tree shrews. Animals were subjected to a 7-day period of psychosocial stress before the onset of daily oral administration of L-760,735 (10 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) or clomipramine (50 mg kg(-1) day(-1)). The psychosocial stress continued throughout the treatment period of 28 days. Brain metabolite concentrations were determined in vivo by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus and hippocampal volume were measured post mortem. Stress significantly decreased in vivo concentrations of N-acetyl-aspartate (-14%), creatine and phosphocreatine (-15%) and choline-containing compounds (-15%). The proliferation rate of the granule precursor cells in the dentate gyrus was reduced (-45%), and hippocampal volume was decreased (-14%). The stress-induced changes of brain metabolites, hippocampal volume and dentate cytogenesis rate were prevented by concomitant drug administration. Elevated myo-inositol concentrations after both treatments hint to an astrocytic enhancement. These results suggest that-despite a different pharmacological profile-the NK(1)R antagonist L-760,735, a member of a novel class of antidepressant drugs, has comparable neurobiological efficacy to tricyclic antidepressants such as clomipramine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G C van der Hart
- Division of Neurobiology, German Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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19
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Bleicher KH, Wüthrich Y, Adam G, Hoffmann T, Sleight AJ. Parallel solution- and solid-phase synthesis of spiropyrrolo-pyrroles as novel neurokinin receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:3073-6. [PMID: 12372504 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The combination of a 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl needle with the spiropyrrolo-pyrrole motive as a privileged GPCR scaffold was the basis for designing a focused combinatorial library targeted towards the neurokinin-1 receptor. A solution- and solid-phase method is described and binding affinities of representative compounds are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad H Bleicher
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Pharma Research, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland.
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20
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Bleicher KH, Wüthrich Y, De Boni M, Kolczewski S, Hoffmann T, Sleight AJ. Parallel solution- and solid-phase synthesis of spirohydantoin derivatives as neurokinin-1 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2519-22. [PMID: 12182851 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The combination of the 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group with a spirohydantoin motive as a central scaffold was the basis for the design of a combinatorial library targeted towards the neurokinin-1 receptor. A solution- and solid-phase procedure is described and binding affinities of representative compounds presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad H Bleicher
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Pharma Research, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland.
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21
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Cooper LC, Carlson EJ, Castro JL, Chicchi GG, Dinnell K, Di Salvo J, Elliott JM, Hollingworth GJ, Kurtz MM, Ridgill MP, Rycroft W, Tsao KL, Swain CJ. 4,4-Disubstituted cyclohexylamine NK(1) receptor antagonists II. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1759-62. [PMID: 12067555 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 4,4-disubstituted cyclohexylamines as NK(1) receptor antagonists is described: modifications to the amine moiety retain NK(1) receptor binding affinity whilst disrupting I(Kr) affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Cooper
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, The Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, UK.
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22
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Cooper LC, Chicchi GG, Dinnell K, Elliott JM, Hollingworth GJ, Kurtz MM, Locker KL, Morrison D, Shaw DE, Tsao KL, Watt AP, Williams AR, Swain CJ. 2-Aryl indole NK1 receptor antagonists: optimisation of indole substitution. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1233-6. [PMID: 11354384 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of 2-aryl indoles with high affinity for the human neurokinin-1 (hNK1) receptor are reported, concentrating on optimisation of the indole substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Cooper
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Neuroscience Research Centre, Harlow, Essex, UK.
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23
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Dinnell K, Chicchi GG, Dhar MJ, Elliott JM, Hollingworth GJ, Kurtz MM, Ridgill MP, Rycroft W, Tsao KL, Williams AR, Swain CJ. 2-Aryl indole NK1 receptor antagonists: optimisation of the 2-aryl ring and the indole nitrogen substituent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1237-40. [PMID: 11354385 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel 2-aryl indole hNK1 receptor ligands were prepared utilising palladium cross-coupling chemistry of a late intermediate as a key step. Compounds with high hNK1 receptor binding affinity and good brain penetration (e.g., 9d) were synthesised.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dinnell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck, Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, The Neuroscience Research Centre, Harlow, Essex, UK.
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24
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Ashwood VA, Field MJ, Horwell DC, Julien-Larose C, Lewthwaite RA, McCleary S, Pritchard MC, Raphy J, Singh L. Utilization of an intramolecular hydrogen bond to increase the CNS penetration of an NK(1) receptor antagonist. J Med Chem 2001; 44:2276-85. [PMID: 11428921 DOI: 10.1021/jm010825z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis and physical and biological effects of introducing different substituents at the alpha-position of the tryptophan containing neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist [(R)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-methyl-1-((S)-1-phenyl-ethylcarbamoyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid benzofuran-2-ylmethyl ester (CI 1021). The described compounds all exhibit less than 5 nM binding affinities for the human neurokinin-1 receptor and selectivity over the tachykinin NK(2) and NK(3) receptor subtypes. Application of variable temperature nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of the amide and urethane protons was utilized to determine the existence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond. This intramolecular hydrogen bond increases the apparent lipophilicity to allow increased central nervous system penetration and pharmacological activity (gerbil foot tap test) in the case of the highest affinity compound [(S)-1-dimethylaminomethyl-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-((S)-1-phenyl-ethylcarbamoyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid benzofuran-2-ylmethyl ester (PD 174424) over those analogues that could not form an intramolecular hydrogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Ashwood
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge University Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 2QB, UK
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25
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Herrstedt J. Potential new agents in the prophylaxis and treatment of chemotherapy-induced emesis. Eur J Cancer 2001; 37:823-5. [PMID: 11313168 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)00062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Heinrichs SC, Taché Y. Therapeutic potential of CRF receptor antagonists: a gut-brain perspective. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2001; 10:647-59. [PMID: 11281815 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.10.4.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of neuropeptide receptors in the brain and periphery appears to mediate stress-related changes in a variety of physiological and functional domains. Comparative pharmacology of CRF receptor agonists suggests that CRF, urocortin, sauvagine and urotensin consistently mimic, and conversely peptide CRF receptor antagonists lessen, the functional consequences of stressor exposure. Together with the development of novel non-peptide CRF receptor antagonists, a growing number of CRF receptor selective ligands are available to elucidate the neurobiology and physiological role of CRF systems. The present review considers available preclinical evidence as well as results from one Phase II clinical trial which address the hypothesis that CRF receptor antagonists may represent a new option for pharmacotherapy of stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Heinrichs
- Boston College, Psychology Department, McGuinn Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA. stephen.heinrichs@bc
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