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Zhu GC, Chen YW, Tsai KL, Wang JJ, Hung CH, Schmid AB. Effects of Neural Mobilization on Sensory Dysfunction and Peripheral Nerve Degeneration in Rats With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. Phys Ther 2022; 102:6652922. [PMID: 35913760 PMCID: PMC7613682 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of neural mobilization (NM) in the management of sensory dysfunction and nerve degeneration related to experimental painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN). METHODS This is a pre-clinical animal study performed in the streptozocin-induced diabetic rat model. Three groups were included: a treatment group of rats with PDN receiving NM under anesthesia (PDN-NM, n = 10), a sham treatment group of rats with PDN that received only anesthesia (PDN-Sham, n = 9), and a vehicle control group with nondiabetic animals (Vehicle, n = 10). Rats in the PDN-NM and PDN-Sham groups received 1 treatment session on days 10, 12, and 14 after streptozocin injection, with a 48-hour rest period between sessions. Behavioral tests were performed using von Frey and Plantar tests. Evaluation for peripheral nerve degeneration was performed through measuring protein gene product 9.5-positive intra-epidermal nerve fiber density in hind-paw skin biopsies. All measurements were performed by a blinded investigator. RESULTS The behavioral tests showed that a single NM session could reduce hyperalgesia, which was maintained for 48 hours. The second treatment session further improved this treatment effect, and the third session maintained it. These results suggest that it requires multiple treatment sessions to produce and maintain hypoalgesic effects. Skin biopsy analysis showed that the protein gene product 9.5-positive intra-epidermal nerve fiber density was higher on the experimental side of the PDN-NM group compared with the PDN-Sham group, suggesting NM may mitigate the degeneration of peripheral nerves. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that NM may be an effective method to manage experimentally induced PDN, potentially through mitigation of nerve degeneration. Further studies are needed to develop standardized protocols for clinical use. IMPACT These findings provide neurophysiological evidence for the use of NM in PDN and can form the basis for the development of physical therapy-based programs in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Cheng Zhu
- Department of Physical Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yu-Wen Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physical Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Jhi-Joung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ching-Hsia Hung
- Department of Physical Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Annina B. Schmid
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, U.K
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Busa P, Kuthati Y, Huang N, Wong CS. New Advances on Pathophysiology of Diabetes Neuropathy and Pain Management: Potential Role of Melatonin and DPP-4 Inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:864088. [PMID: 35496279 PMCID: PMC9039240 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.864088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-diabetes and diabetes are growing threats to the modern world. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with comorbidities such as hypertension (83.40%), obesity (90.49%), and dyslipidemia (93.43%), creating a substantial burden on patients and society. Reductive and oxidative (Redox) stress level imbalance and inflammation play an important role in DM progression. Various therapeutics have been investigated to treat these neuronal complications. Melatonin and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP-4i) are known to possess powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and have garnered significant attention in the recent years. In this present review article, we have reviewed the recently published reports on the therapeutic efficiency of melatonin and DPP-4i in the treatment of DM. We summarized the efficacy of melatonin and DPP-4i in DM and associated complications of diabetic neuropathy (DNP) and neuropathic pain. Furthermore, we discussed the mechanisms of action and their efficacy in the alleviation of oxidative stress in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Busa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yaswanth Kuthati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Niancih Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Grauate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shung Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Grauate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chih-Shung Wong,
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Karjalainen M, Kautiainen H, Saltevo J, Haanpää M, Mäntyselkä P, Tiihonen M. Use of pain relieving drugs in community-dwelling older people with and without type 2 diabetes. Prim Care Diabetes 2020; 14:736-740. [PMID: 32980280 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To analyze the use of pain medication among community-dwelling people aged 65 years or older with and without type 2 diabetes in primary care. METHODS A total of 187 patients with and 176 patients without diabetes were randomly selected from a primary care sample of 389 patients with diabetes and 604 age- and gender-matched controls. Pain status was defined as no pain, nociceptive pain or neuropathic pain. Pain medication (paracetamol, NSAID, opioids, neuropathic pain medication) use was based on electronic patient records and checked by a physician during a health examination. RESULTS Some pain was present in 90 (51%) patients without and in 106 (57%) patients with diabetes (p = 0.55). Of the patients without diabetes, 109 (62%) and with diabetes 123 (66%) used some pain medication (p = 0.45). The respective proportions for the regular use were 13% and 11% and for the as needed use 56% and 61%. Diabetes was not associated with any of the pain medications used. The use of pain-relieving drugs was most common for neuropathic pain. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicated that community-dwelling people with and without diabetes used pain medication similarly. Pain medication was used mostly as needed instead of being regular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja Karjalainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, General Practice, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Inner Savo Health Center, Suonenjoki, Finland
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Saltevo
- Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Maija Haanpää
- Ilmarinen Mutual Pension Insurance Company, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Mäntyselkä
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, General Practice, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miia Tiihonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Staats Pires A, Heng B, Tan VX, Latini A, Russo MA, Santarelli DM, Bailey D, Wynne K, O’Brien JA, Guillemin GJ, Austin PJ. Kynurenine, Tetrahydrobiopterin, and Cytokine Inflammatory Biomarkers in Individuals Affected by Diabetic Neuropathic Pain. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:890. [PMID: 32973438 PMCID: PMC7472959 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a common complication of diabetes with high morbidity and poor treatment outcomes. Accumulating evidence suggests the immune system is involved in the development of diabetic neuropathy, whilst neuro-immune interactions involving the kynurenine (KYN) and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) pathways have been linked to neuropathic pain pre-clinically and in several chronic pain conditions. Here, using a multiplex assay, we quantified serum levels of 14 cytokines in 21 participants with type 1 diabetes mellitus, 13 of which were classified as having neuropathic pain. In addition, using high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, all major KYN and BH4 pathway metabolites were quantified in serum from the same cohort. Our results show increases in GM-CSF and IL-8, suggesting immune cell involvement. We demonstrated increases in two inflammatory biomarkers: neopterin and the KYN/TRP ratio, a marker of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity. Moreover, the KYN/TRP ratio positively correlated with pain intensity. Total kynurenine aminotransferase activity was also higher in the diabetic neuropathic pain group, indicating there may be increased production of the KYN metabolite, xanthurenic acid. Overall, this study supports the idea that inflammatory activation of the KYN and BH4 pathways occurs due to elevated inflammatory cytokines, which might be involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Further studies should be carried out to investigate the role of KYN and BH4 pathways, which could strengthen the case for therapeutically targeting them in neuropathic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Staats Pires
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vanessa X. Tan
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marc A. Russo
- Hunter Pain Clinic, Broadmeadow, NSW, Australia
- Genesis Research Services, Broadmeadow, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Katie Wynne
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Jayden A. O’Brien
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul J. Austin
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Thakur V, Sadanandan J, Chattopadhyay M. High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Signaling in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030881. [PMID: 32019145 PMCID: PMC7036925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global epidemic and more than 50% diabetic patients are also diagnosed with neuropathy, which greatly affects the quality of life of the patients. Available treatments are not always successful due to the limited efficacy and complications, such as addiction and dependency. Studies have implicated that high mobility group box1 (HMGB1) protein plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation and the development of neuropathic conditions. HMGB1 is a proinflammatory cytokine that can be released from necrotic cells in passive form or in response to inflammatory signals as an active form. HMGB1 is the ligand for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and toll-like receptors, (TLR)-2 and TLR4, which also indirectly activates C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). We investigated whether blocking of HMGB1 can reduce pain and inflammation in diabetic neuropathic animals to further understand the role of HMGB1 in diabetic neuropathy. Type 2 diabetic rats and mice were treated with natural inhibitor of HMGB1, glycyrrhizin (GLC) for five days/week for four weeks at a dose of 50 mg/kg per day by intraperitoneal injection. The animals were divided into three categories: naïve control, diabetic alone, diabetic with GLC treatment. All of the behavioral analyses were conducted before and after the treatment. The expression of inflammatory markers and changes in histone acetylation in the peripheral nervous system were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis after the completion of the treatment. Our study revealed that TLR4, HMGB1, CXCR4, and Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) levels were increased in the spinal and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons of Type 2 diabetic mice and rats with painful neuropathy. GLC treatment inhibited the increases in TLR4, NLRP3, and CXCR4 expressions and improved the mechanical and thermal pain threshold in these animals. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that hyperglycemia mediated inflammation influenced HMGB1 acetylation and its release from the neurons. It also altered histone 3 acetylation in the microglial cells. The inhibition of HMGB1 by GLC prevented the release of HMGB1 as well as H3K9 acetylation. These findings indicate that the interruption of HMGB1 mediated inflammation could ameliorate diabetic neuropathy and might exhibit a unique target for the treatment.
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Ismail CAN, Suppian R, Aziz CBA, Long I. Minocycline attenuates the development of diabetic neuropathy by modulating DREAM and BDNF protein expression in rat spinal cord. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2019; 18:181-190. [PMID: 31275889 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-019-00411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Aim This study investigates the effects of minocycline (an inhibitor of microglial activation) administration on the expression level of spinal BDNF and DREAM proteins in diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) rats. Methods The rats were divided into four groups (n = 16): non-diabetic control, diabetic control and diabetic rats receiving minocycline (80 μg/day or 160 μg/day). The diabetic rat model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg STZ). Tactile allodynia was assessed on day-0 (baseline), day-14 (pre-intervention) and day-22 (post-intervention). Minocycline at doses of 80 μg and 160 μg were given intrathecally from day-15 until day-21. On day-23, formalin test was conducted to assess nociceptive behaviour response. The spinal expression of OX-42 and level of BDNF and DREAM proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses. Results Diabetes rats showed significant tactile allodynia and nociceptive behaviour. These were accompanied by augmented expression of spinal OX-42, BDNF and DREAM protein levels. Both doses of minocycline attenuated tactile allodynia and nociceptive behaviour and also suppressed the diabetic-induced increase in spinal expressions of OX-42, BDNF and DREAM proteins. Conclusion This study revealed that minocycline could attenuate DNP by modulating spinal BDNF and DREAM protein expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Aishah Nazariah Ismail
- 1Physiology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Rapeah Suppian
- 2School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Che Badariah Abd Aziz
- 1Physiology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Idris Long
- 2School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
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7
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Wang S, Wang Z, Li L, Zou L, Gong Y, Jia T, Zhao S, Yuan H, Shi L, Liu S, Wu B, Yi Z, Liu H, Gao Y, Li G, Deussing JM, Li M, Zhang C, Liang S. P2Y12 shRNA treatment decreases SGC activation to relieve diabetic neuropathic pain in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9620-9628. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Activation of satellite glial cells (SGCs) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) plays a crucial role in neuropathic pain through the release of proinflammatory cytokines. The P2Y12 receptor is expressed in SGCs of the DRG. In this study, our aim was to investigate the role of the P2Y12 receptor on the pathological changes in diabetic neuropathic pain. The present study showed that diabetic neuropathic pain increased mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in type 2 DM model rats. The results showed that the expression levels of P2Y12 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in DRG SGCs were increased in DM model rats compared with control rats. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) expression levels in the DRG were increased in DM rats. Upregulation of GFAP is a marker of SGC activation. Targeting the P2Y12 receptor by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) decreased the upregulated expression of P2Y12 mRNA and protein, coexpression of P2Y12 and GFAP, the expression of GFAP, IL‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor‐receptor 1 in the DRG of DM rats, and relieved mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in DM rats. After treatment with the P2Y12 receptor shRNA, the enhancing integrated OPTICAL density (IOD) ratios of p‐P38 MAPK to P38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the DM rats treated with P2Y12 shRNA were significantly lower than that in the untreated DM rats. Therefore, P2Y12 shRNA treatment decreased SGC activation to relieve mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyu Wang
- Department of Physiology Medical School of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Zilin Wang
- Queen Mary School Medical School of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Physiology Medical School of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Department of Physiology Medical School of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Yingxin Gong
- The Clinical Department Medical School of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Tianyu Jia
- Department of Physiology Medical School of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Shanhong Zhao
- Department of Physiology Medical School of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Huilong Yuan
- Department of Physiology Medical School of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Liran Shi
- Department of Physiology Medical School of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology Medical School of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Physiology Medical School of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Zhihua Yi
- Department of Physiology Medical School of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Physiology Medical School of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Physiology Medical School of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology Medical School of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | | | - Man Li
- Department of Neurobiology Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
- Department of Cell Biology Medical School of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology Medical School of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
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Zhu GC, Tsai KL, Chen YW, Hung CH. Neural Mobilization Attenuates Mechanical Allodynia and Decreases Proinflammatory Cytokine Concentrations in Rats With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. Phys Ther 2018; 98:214-222. [PMID: 29309710 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzx124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a common complication in patients with diabetes. It is related to ischemic nerve damage and the increase in the levels of proinflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Neural mobilization may have the potential to alleviate PDN, but it has not yet been tested. Also, the physiological mechanism of neural mobilization is unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate treatment effect and physiological mechanism of neural mobilization. DESIGN This was an experimental study using rats with streptozocin (or streptozotocin)-induced type 1 diabetes. METHODS Three groups were used in the study, the control group (vehicle), the diabetes group (PDN group), and the neural mobilization treatment group (PDN-NM group) (n = 6). Rats in the vehicle group were healthy rats. Rats in the PDN and PDN-NM groups were rats with diabetes. Rats in the PDN-NM group received treatment in the right sciatic nerve, whereas rats in the PDN group did not. Mechanical pain sensitivity and the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the sciatic nerve branches and trunk, the L4 to L6 dorsal horn ganglion, and the spinal cord dorsal horn were measured. RESULTS Techanical allodynia was alleviated after treatment, but the effect was limited to the treatment side. The concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines were decreased in the nerves that received treatment compared with those on the other side, indicating that neural mobilization may reduce mechanical sensitivity by decreasing the concentrations of local sensitizing agents. LIMITATIONS A limitation of this study was that no direct measurement of nerve blood flow was done. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that neural mobilization effectively alleviated mechanical allodynia in rats with PDN. The side that received treatment had lower concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in the sciatic nerve branches and sciatic nerve trunk; this result may have been related to the alleviation of mechanical allodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Cheng Zhu
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsia Hung
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1 Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan, Taiwan
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Li L, Sheng X, Zhao S, Zou L, Han X, Gong Y, Yuan H, Shi L, Guo L, Jia T, Liu S, Wu B, Yi Z, Liu H, Gao Y, Li G, Li G, Zhang C, Xu H, Liang S. Nanoparticle-encapsulated emodin decreases diabetic neuropathic pain probably via a mechanism involving P2X3 receptor in the dorsal root ganglia. Purinergic Signal 2017; 13:559-568. [PMID: 28840511 PMCID: PMC5714846 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). More than 90% of all cases of DM belong to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Emodin is the main active component of Radix et rhizoma rhei and has anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. Nanoparticle encapsulation of drugs is beneficial for drug targeting and bioavailability as well as for lowering drug toxicity side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nanoparticle-encapsulated emodin (nano emodin) on diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) mediated by the Purin 2X3 (P2X3) receptor in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) values in T2DM rats were lower than those of control rats. MWT and TWL in T2DM rats treated with nano emodin were higher compared with those in T2DM rats. Expression levels of P2X3 protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) in the DRG of T2DM rats were higher than those of controls, while levels in T2DM rats treated with nano emodin were significantly lower than those of the T2DM rats. Phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2 in the T2DM DRG were decreased by nano emodin treatment. Nano emodin significantly inhibited currents activated by the P2X3 agonist α,β-meATP in HEK293 cells transfected with the P2X3 receptor. Therefore, nano emodin treatment may relieve DNP by decreasing excitatory transmission mediated by the DRG P2X3 receptor in T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Sheng
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanhong Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyao Han
- First Clinical Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxin Gong
- First Clinical Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilong Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liran Shi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Guo
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Jia
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Yi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Translational Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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LncRNA NONRATT021972 Was Associated with Neuropathic Pain Scoring in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Behav Neurol 2017; 2017:2941297. [PMID: 28928602 PMCID: PMC5591897 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2941297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNAs were involved in the processes of diabetes. Our study was aimed to explore clinical potential of LncRNA NONRATT021972 in diabetic neuropathic pain and investigate detailed mechanisms. Methods 154 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled as experimental group paired with control. Patients without diabetes but neuropathy were enrolled to explore exclusive role of LncRNA NONRATT021972 in neuropathy. Real-time PCR and ELISA were performed to examine expression of LncRNA and TNF-α in flood. Neuropathic pain scores were calculated with data from NPQ. Streptozotocin was used for SD adult male rats to establish diabetes for NONRATT021972 siRNA or saline treatment. Neuropathic pain behaviors and expression of TNF-α were assessed. Result Patients with type 2 diabetes had a significantly higher concentration of LncRNA NONRATT021972 in blood and more severe symptoms of neuropathic pain. LncRNA NONRATT021972 was positively associated with neuropathic pain scores of type 2 diabetes. TNF-α level increased in patients with type 2 diabetes. Animal experiment showed that LncRNA NONRATT021972 siRNA attenuated inflammation via decreasing TNF-α and alleviated neuropathic pain. Conclusion LncRNA NONRATT021972 increased in type 2 diabetes and was positively associated with neuropathic pain scoring in type 2 diabetes. LncRNA NONRATT021972 exacerbated neuropathic pain via TNF-α related pathways.
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lncRNA NONRATT021972 siRNA Decreases Diabetic Neuropathic Pain Mediated by the P2X 3 Receptor in Dorsal Root Ganglia. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:511-523. [PMID: 26742527 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for more than 90 % of all cases of diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common complication of T2DM. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lncRNA NONRATT021972 small interference RNA (siRNA) on DNP mediated by the P2X3 receptor in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). These experiments showed that the expression levels of NONRATT021972 in DRG were increased in the T2DM rat model (intraperitoneal injection of STZ with 30 mg/kg). The concentration of NONRATT021972 in T2DM patient serum was higher compared to control healthy subjects. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) in T2DM rats were lower compared to control rats. MWT and TWL in T2DM rats treated with NONRATT021972 siRNA were higher compared with those in T2DM rats. The expression levels of the P2X3 protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) of T2DM rat DRG were higher compared to the control, while those in T2DM rats treated with NONRATT021972 siRNA were significantly lower compared to T2DM rats. The level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the serum of T2DM rats treated with NONRATT021972 siRNA was significantly decreased compared with T2DM rats. NONRATT021972 siRNA inhibited the phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2 in T2DM DRG. Thus, NONRATT021972 siRNA treatment may suppress the upregulated expression and activation of the P2X3 receptor and reduce the hyperalgesia potentiated by the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in T2DM rats.
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LncRNA uc.48+ is involved in diabetic neuropathic pain mediated by the P2X3 receptor in the dorsal root ganglia. Purinergic Signal 2015; 12:139-48. [PMID: 26686228 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in physiological processes that maintain cellular and tissue homeostasis, and thus, the dysregulated expression of lncRNAs is involved in the onset and progression of many pathological conditions. Research has indicated that the genetic knockout of some lncRNAs in mice resulted in peri- or postnatal lethality or developmental defects. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major cause of peripheral neuropathy. Our studies showed that the expression levels of lncRNA uc.48+ in the diabetic rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the DM patients' serum samples were increased. It suggested that lncRNA uc.48+ was involved in the pathophysiological process of DM. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lncRNA uc.48+ small interfering RNA (siRNA) on diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) mediated by the P2X3 receptor in the DRG. The values of the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured by the von Frey test and Hargreaves' test, respectively. The levels of P2X3 protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) in the DRG were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. The experiments showed that the MWT and TWL values in DM rats were lower than those in the control rats. The MWT and TWL values in DM rats treated with lncRNA uc.48+ siRNA were increased compared to those in DM rats, but there was no significant difference between the DM rat group and the DM + scramble siRNA group. The levels of P2X3 protein and mRNA in the DM DRG were higher than those in the control, while the levels of P2X3 protein and mRNA in the DG of DM rats treated with uc.48+ siRNA were significantly decreased compared to those in DM rats. The expression levels of TNF-α in the DRG of DM rats treated with uc.48+ siRNA were significantly decreased compared to those in the DM group. The phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2 in the DM DRG were decreased by uc.48+ siRNA treatment. Therefore, uc.48+ siRNA treatment may alleviate the DNP by inhibiting the excitatory transmission mediated by the P2X3 receptor in DRG.
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Wang D, Couture R, Hong Y. Activated microglia in the spinal cord underlies diabetic neuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 728:59-66. [PMID: 24508519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an increasingly common chronic medical condition. Approximately 30% of diabetic patients develop neuropathic pain, manifested as spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia. Hyperglycemia induces metabolic changes in peripheral tissues and enhances oxidative stress in nerve fibers. The damages and subsequent reactive inflammation affect structural properties of Schwann cells and axons leading to the release of neuropoietic mediators, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-nociceptive mediators. Therefore, diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) shares some histological features and underlying mechanisms with traumatic neuropathy. DNP displays, however, other distinct features; for instance, sensory input to the spinal cord decreases rather than increasing in diabetic patients. Consequently, development of central sensitization in DNP involves mechanisms that are distinct from traumatic neuropathic pain. In DNP, the contribution of spinal cord microglia activation to central sensitization and pain processes is emerging as a new concept. Besides inflammation in the periphery, hyperglycemia and the resulting production of reactive oxygen species affect the local microenvironment in the spinal cord. All these alterations could trigger resting and sessile microglia to the activated phenotype. In turn, microglia synthesize and release pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuroactive molecules capable of inducing hyperactivity of spinal nociceptive neurons. Hence, it is imperative to elucidate glial mechanisms underlying DNP for the development of effective therapeutic agents. The present review highlights the recent developments regarding the contribution of spinal microglia as compelling target for the treatment of DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Fujian Normal University, New campus, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Réjean Couture
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Downtown, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Yanguo Hong
- College of Life Sciences and Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Fujian Normal University, New campus, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People׳s Republic of China.
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Nebbioso M, Pranno F, Pescosolido N. Lipoic acid in animal models and clinical use in diabetic retinopathy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013; 14:1829-38. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.813483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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García-Hernández L, Navarrete-Vázquez G, González-Trujano ME, López-Muñoz FJ, Déciga-Campos M. Antihyperalgesic activity of a novel synthesized analogue of lidocaine in diabetic rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:689-96. [PMID: 23600386 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects of a lidocaine analogue N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1-piperidinyl)acetamide (LIA). METHODS The structure of LIA was established by elemental analysis and compatible IR, (1) H NMR, (13) C NMR, and spectral data. Nociceptive and hyperalgesic activity were evaluated in normoglycaemic and streptozocin-induced diabetic rats using the formalin test. Formalin-evoked flinching, an indication of nociception and hyperalgesia, was increased in diabetic rats (using 0.5% formalin) compared with nondiabetic rats (using 1% formalin). KEY FINDINGS Local administration of LIA into the dorsal surface of the right hind paw (0.18-5.6 mg per paw) significantly reduced the formalin-induced nociceptive and hyperalgesic behaviour of nondiabetic and diabetic rat. The antinociceptive effect of LIA was higher than that of lidocaine injection, furthermore this effect was higher than that of gabapentin. CONCLUSIONS LIA may have potential as a treatment for diabetic hyperalgesia. Further investigations of the antinociceptive mechanisms and the safety of this new compound are necessary.
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Malik ZA, Tabassum N, Sharma PL. Attenuation of experimentally induced diabetic neuropathy in association with reduced oxidative-nitrosative stress by chronic administration of <i>Momordica charantia</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.43047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Farmer KL, Li C, Dobrowsky RT. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: should a chaperone accompany our therapeutic approach? Pharmacol Rev 2012; 64:880-900. [PMID: 22885705 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.005314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes that is associated with axonal atrophy, demyelination, blunted regenerative potential, and loss of peripheral nerve fibers. The development and progression of DPN is due in large part to hyperglycemia but is also affected by insulin deficiency and dyslipidemia. Although numerous biochemical mechanisms contribute to DPN, increased oxidative/nitrosative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction seem intimately associated with nerve dysfunction and diminished regenerative capacity. Despite advances in understanding the etiology of DPN, few approved therapies exist for the pharmacological management of painful or insensate DPN. Therefore, identifying novel therapeutic strategies remains paramount. Because DPN does not develop with either temporal or biochemical uniformity, its therapeutic management may benefit from a multifaceted approach that inhibits pathogenic mechanisms, manages inflammation, and increases cytoprotective responses. Finally, exercise has long been recognized as a part of the therapeutic management of diabetes, and exercise can delay and/or prevent the development of painful DPN. This review presents an overview of existing therapies that target both causal and symptomatic features of DPN and discusses the role of up-regulating cytoprotective pathways via modulating molecular chaperones. Overall, it may be unrealistic to expect that a single pharmacologic entity will suffice to ameliorate the multiple symptoms of human DPN. Thus, combinatorial therapies that target causal mechanisms and enhance endogenous reparative capacity may enhance nerve function and improve regeneration in DPN if they converge to decrease oxidative stress, improve mitochondrial bioenergetics, and increase response to trophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Farmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Jack MM, Ryals JM, Wright DE. Characterisation of glyoxalase I in a streptozocin-induced mouse model of diabetes with painful and insensate neuropathy. Diabetologia 2011; 54:2174-82. [PMID: 21633909 PMCID: PMC3762253 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes; however, the mechanisms producing positive or negative symptoms are not well understood. The enzyme glyoxalase I (GLO1) detoxifies reactive dicarbonyls that form AGEs and may affect the way sensory neurons respond to heightened AGE levels in DN. We hypothesised that differential GLO1 levels in sensory neurons may lead to differences in AGE formation and modulate the phenotype of DN. METHODS Inbred strains of mice were used to assess the variability of Glo1 expression by quantitative RT-PCR. Non-diabetic C57BL/6 mice were used to characterise the distribution of GLO1 in neural tissues by immunofluorescence. Behavioural assessments were conducted in diabetic A/J and C57BL/6 mice to determine mechanical sensitivity, and GLO1 abundance was determined by western blot. RESULTS GLO1 immunoreactivity was found throughout the nervous system, but selectively in small, unmyelinated peptidergic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons that are involved in pain transmission. GLO1 protein was present at various levels in DRG from different inbred mice strains. Diabetic A/J and C57BL/6 mice, two mouse strains with different levels of GLO1, displayed dramatically different behavioural responses to mechanical stimuli. Diabetic C57BL/6 mice also had a reduced abundance of GLO1 following diabetes induction. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings reveal that the abundance of GLO1 varies between different murine strains and within different sensory neuron populations. These differences could lead to different responses of sensory neurons to the toxic effects of hyperglycaemia and reactive dicarbonyls associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Jack
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Stutzmann GE, Mattson MP. Endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) handling in excitable cells in health and disease. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:700-27. [PMID: 21737534 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.003814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a morphologically and functionally diverse organelle capable of integrating multiple extracellular and internal signals and generating adaptive cellular responses. It plays fundamental roles in protein synthesis and folding and in cellular responses to metabolic and proteotoxic stress. In addition, the ER stores and releases Ca(2+) in sophisticated scenarios that regulate a range of processes in excitable cells throughout the body, including muscle contraction and relaxation, endocrine regulation of metabolism, learning and memory, and cell death. One or more Ca(2+) ATPases and two types of ER membrane Ca(2+) channels (inositol trisphosphate and ryanodine receptors) are the major proteins involved in ER Ca(2+) uptake and release, respectively. There are also direct and indirect interactions of ER Ca(2+) stores with plasma membrane and mitochondrial Ca(2+)-regulating systems. Pharmacological agents that selectively modify ER Ca(2+) release or uptake have enabled studies that revealed many different physiological roles for ER Ca(2+) signaling. Several inherited diseases are caused by mutations in ER Ca(2+)-regulating proteins, and perturbed ER Ca(2+) homeostasis is implicated in a range of acquired disorders. Preclinical investigations suggest a therapeutic potential for use of agents that target ER Ca(2+) handling systems of excitable cells in disorders ranging from cardiac arrhythmias and skeletal muscle myopathies to Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Stutzmann
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University/The Chicago Medical School, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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Ko SH, Kwon HS, Yu JM, Baik SH, Park IB, Lee JH, Ko KS, Noh JH, Kim DS, Kim CH, Mok JO, Park TS, Son HS, Cha BY. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of tramadol/acetaminophen combination therapy and gabapentin in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. Diabet Med 2010; 27:1033-40. [PMID: 20722677 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study compared the efficacy and safety of tramadol/acetaminophen (T/A) and gabapentin in the management of painful diabetic neuropathy. METHODS An open, randomized, comparative study was conducted. Subjects with painful symmetric neuropathy in the lower limbs and mean pain-intensity score > or = 4 on a numeric rating scale were eligible. Subjects were randomized to receive either tramadol (37.5 mg)/acetaminophen (325 mg) or gabapentin (300 mg) for 6 weeks. After 2 weeks of the titration period (1200 mg/day for gabapentin and three tablets/day for T/A), the doses were maintained if the pain was relieved. The primary efficacy outcome was a reduction in pain intensity. Secondary measures evaluated a pain relief scale, a Brief Pain Inventory, a 36-item Short Form Health Survey, average pain intensity and sleep disturbance. RESULTS One hundred and sixty-three subjects (T/A 79; gabapentin 84) were included. At the final visit, the mean doses were 1575 mg/day for gabapentin and 4.22 tablets/day for T/A. Both groups were similar in terms of baseline pain intensity (mean intensity: T/A 6.7 +/- 1.6; gabapentin 6.3 +/- 1.6, P = 0.168). At the final visit, the mean reductions in pain intensity were similar in both groups (T/A -3.1 +/- 2.0; gabapentin -2.7 +/- 2.1, P = 0.744). Both groups had similar improvements in every Short Form Health Survey category and Brief Pain Inventory subcategory, and in the mean pain relief scores. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the T/A combination treatment is as effective as gabapentin in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Ko
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Taliyan R, Singh M, Sharma P. Beneficial Effect of Cyclosporine in Experimental Diabetes Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2010.393.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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The roles of streptozotocin neurotoxicity and neutral endopeptidase in murine experimental diabetic neuropathy. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2010; 2009:431980. [PMID: 20148083 PMCID: PMC2817866 DOI: 10.1155/2009/431980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated that inhibition of neutral endopeptidase (NEP), a protease that degrades vaso- and neuroactive peptides, improves vascular and neural function in diabetic animal models. In this study we explored the role of NEP in neuropathy related to either insulin-deficient diabetes or diet-induced obesity using NEP deficient (−/−) mice. Initial studies showed that streptozotocin, in the absence of subsequent hyperglycemia, did not induce nerve conduction slowing or paw thermal hypoalgesia. Glucose disposal was impaired in both C57Bl/6 and NEP −/− mice fed a high fat diet. Thermal hypoalgesia and nerve conduction slowing were present in both streptozotocin-diabetic and high fat fed C57Bl/6 mice but not in NEP −/− mice exposed to either streptozotocin-induced diabetes or a high fat diet. These studies suggest that streptozotocin does not induce neurotoxicity in mice and that NEP plays a role in regulating nerve function in insulin-deficient diabetes and diet-induced obesity.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Neurol 2009; 22:554-61. [PMID: 19755870 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0b013e3283313b14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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