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He Y, Zhang M, Gong X, Liu X, Zhou F, Yang B. Diselenide-Bridged Mesoporous Silica-Based Nanoplatform with a Triple ROS-Scavenging Effect for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39047081 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a major mediator of secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Thus, antioxidant therapy is emerging as an attractive strategy to combat ICH. To achieve both reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability and on-demand drug release ability, we constructed a novel polydopamine (PDA)-coated diselenide-bridged mesoporous silica nanoparticle (DSeMSN) drug delivery system (PDA-DSeMSN). Edaravone (Eda) was blocked in the pores of DSeMSN by covering the pores with PDA as a gatekeeper. The drug maintained nearly "zero release" before reaching the lesion site, while in the ROS-enriched circumstances, the PDA shell went through degradation and the doped diselenide bonds broke up, triggering the disintegration of nanoparticles and leading to Eda release. Interestingly, the ROS-degradable property of the PDA shell and diselenide bond endowed the system with enhanced ROS-eliminating capacity. The synergistic effect of ROS-responsive drug delivery and ROS-scavenging PDA-DSeMSN showed efficient antioxidative and mitochondria protective performance without apparent toxicity in vitro. Importantly, PDA-DSeMSN@Eda through intravenous administration specifically accumulated in perihematomal sites and demonstrated robust neuroprotection in an ICH mouse model through antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects with high biological safety. Thus, the PDA-DSeMSN platform holds tremendous potential as an excellent carrier for on-demand delivery of drugs and provides a new and effective strategy for the clinical treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongju He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Meiru Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Xiyu Gong
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Stroke Prevention and Treatment of Hunan Province, Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Stroke Prevention and Treatment of Hunan Province, Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Stroke Prevention and Treatment of Hunan Province, Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Binbin Yang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Stroke Prevention and Treatment of Hunan Province, Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Xie J, Zhang Z. Recent Advances and Therapeutic Implications of 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases in Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3949-3975. [PMID: 38041714 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a common disease with a high disability rate and mortality, which brings heavy pressure on families and medical insurance. Nowadays, the golden treatments for ischemic stroke in the acute phase mainly include endovascular therapy and intravenous thrombolysis. Some drugs are used to alleviate brain injury in patients with ischemic stroke, such as edaravone and 3-n-butylphthalide. However, no effective neuroprotective drug for ischemic stroke has been acknowledged. 2-Oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2OGDDs) are conserved and common dioxygenases whose activities depend on O2, Fe2+, and 2OG. Most 2OGDDs are expressed in the brain and are essential for the development and functions of the brain. Therefore, 2OGDDs likely play essential roles in ischemic brain injury. In this review, we briefly elucidate the functions of most 2OGDDs, particularly the effects of regulations of 2OGDDs on various cells in different phases after ischemic stroke. It would also provide promising potential therapeutic targets and directions of drug development for protecting the brain against ischemic injury and improving outcomes of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression, Department of Mental Health and Public Health, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Chen W, Zhang H, Li Z, Deng Q, Wang M, Chen Y, Zhang Y. Effects of edaravone dexborneol on functional outcome and inflammatory response in patients with acute ischemic stroke. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:209. [PMID: 38902691 PMCID: PMC11188235 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edaravone dexborneol has been reported as an effective neuroprotective agent in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study aimed at investigating the impact of edaravone dexborneol on functional outcomes and systematic inflammatory response in AIS patient. METHODS All participants were recruited from the AISRNA study (registered 21/11/2019, NCT04175691 [ClinicalTrials.gov]) between January 2022 and December 2022. The AIS patients were divided into two groups based on whether they received the treatment of edaravone dexborneol (37.5 mg/12 hours, IV) within 48 h after stroke onset. Inflammatory response was determined by detecting levels of cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interferon-γ [IFN-γ], IFN-α, and IL-1β) within 14 days after stroke onset. RESULTS Eighty-five AIS patients were included from the AISRNA study. Patients treated with edaravone dexborneol showed a significantly higher proportion of modified Rankin Scale score < 2 compared to those who did not receive this treatment (70.7% versus 47.8%; P = 0.031). Furthermore, individuals receiving edaravone dexborneol injection exhibited lower expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-17, along with higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10 expression during the acute phase of ischemic stroke (P < 0.05). These trends were not observed for IL-2, IL-5, IL-8, IL-12p70, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ [IFN-γ], and IFN-α (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with edaravone dexborneol resulted in a favorable functional outcome at 90 days post-stroke onset when compared to patients without this intervention; it also suppressed proinflammatory factors expression while increasing anti-inflammatory factors levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04175691. Registered November 21, 2019, https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT04175691 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Hanqing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.298 Nanpu Road, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Qiwen Deng
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Yingbin Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China.
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4
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Alfa R, Considine T, Virani S, Pfeiffer M, Donato A, Dickerson D, Shuster D, Ellis J, Rushton K, Wei H, Gibson C. Clinical pharmacology and tolerability of REC-994, a redox-cycling nitroxide compound, in randomized phase 1 dose-finding studies. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1200. [PMID: 38655895 PMCID: PMC11040693 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) has variable clinical symptoms, including potentially fatal hemorrhagic stroke. Treatment options are very limited, presenting a large unmet need. REC-994 (also known as tempol), identified as a potential treatment through an unbiased drug discovery platform, is hypothesized to treat CCMs through a reduction in superoxide, a reactive oxygen species. We investigated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic profile of REC-994 in healthy volunteers. Single- and multiple-ascending dose (SAD and MAD, respectively) studies were conducted in adult volunteers (ages 18-55). SAD study participants received an oral dose of REC-994 or placebo. MAD study participants were randomized 3:1 to oral doses of REC-994 or matching placebo, once daily for 10 days. Thirty-two healthy volunteers participated in the SAD study and 52 in the MAD study. Systemic exposure increased in proportion to REC-994 dose after single doses of 50-800 mg and after 10 days of dosing over the 16-fold dose range of 50-800 mg. Median Tmax and mean t1/2 were independent of dose in both studies, and the solution formulation was more rapidly absorbed. REC-994 was well tolerated. Treatment-emergent adverse effects across both studies were mild and transient and resolved by the end of the study. REC-994 has a favorable safety profile and was well tolerated in single and multiple doses up to 800 mg with no dose-limiting adverse effects identified. Data support conducting a phase 2 clinical trial in patients with symptomatic CCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Alfa
- Recursion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Salt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Present address:
NoetikSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Timothy Considine
- Recursion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Salt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Present address:
Considine Comprehensive ConsultingSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Matt Pfeiffer
- Recursion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Salt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Anthony Donato
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | | | - Diana Shuster
- Recursion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Salt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Present address:
CenExelSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Joel Ellis
- Recursion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Salt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Present address:
Mariner BioPharmaSan JoseCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Helen Wei
- Recursion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Salt Lake CityUtahUSA
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5
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Zeng ZJ, Lin X, Yang L, Li Y, Gao W. Activation of Inflammasomes and Relevant Modulators for the Treatment of Microglia-mediated Neuroinflammation in Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04225-1. [PMID: 38789893 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
As the brain's resident immune patrol, microglia mediate endogenous immune responses to central nervous system injury in ischemic stroke, thereby eliciting either neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects. The association of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation with the progression of ischemic stroke is evident through diverse signaling pathways, notably involving inflammasomes. Within microglia, inflammasomes play a pivotal role in promoting the maturation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), facilitating pyroptosis, and triggering immune infiltration, ultimately leading to neuronal cell dysfunction. Addressing the persistent and widespread inflammation holds promise as a breakthrough in enhancing the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jie Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiaobing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Bindal P, Kumar V, Kapil L, Singh C, Singh A. Therapeutic management of ischemic stroke. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2651-2679. [PMID: 37966570 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the third leading cause of years lost due to disability and the second-largest cause of mortality worldwide. Most occurrences of stroke are brought on by the sudden occlusion of an artery (ischemic stroke), but sometimes they are brought on by bleeding into brain tissue after a blood vessel has ruptured (hemorrhagic stroke). Alteplase is the only therapy the American Food and Drug Administration has approved for ischemic stroke under the thrombolysis category. Current views as well as relevant clinical research on the diagnosis, assessment, and management of stroke are reviewed to suggest appropriate treatment strategies. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for the available therapeutic regimes in the past, present, and future. With the advent of endovascular therapy in 2015 and intravenous thrombolysis in 1995, the therapeutic options for ischemic stroke have expanded significantly. A novel approach such as vagus nerve stimulation could be life-changing for many stroke patients. Therapeutic hypothermia, the process of cooling the body or brain to preserve organ integrity, is one of the most potent neuroprotectants in both clinical and preclinical contexts. The rapid intervention has been linked to more favorable clinical results. This study focuses on the pathogenesis of stroke, as well as its recent advancements, future prospects, and potential therapeutic targets in stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bindal
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Affiliated to I.K Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Affiliated to I.K Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Lakshay Kapil
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Affiliated to I.K Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Chauras Campus, Distt. Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Affiliated to I.K Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.
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7
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Guo W, Xu X, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Shen P, Lu X, Fan X. Salvianolic acid C attenuates cerebral ischemic injury through inhibiting neuroinflammation via the TLR4-TREM1-NF-κB pathway. Chin Med 2024; 19:46. [PMID: 38468280 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability with ischemic stroke being the most common type of stroke. Salvianolic acid C (SalC), a polyphenolic compound found in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, has demonstrated therapeutic potential in the recovery phase of ischemic stroke. However, its pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms during the early stages of ischemic stroke remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the potential mechanism of action of SalC during the early phase of ischemic stroke using network pharmacology strategies and RNA sequencing analysis. METHODS SalC effects on infarct volume, neurological deficits, and histopathological changes were assessed in a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). By integrating RNA sequencing data with a cerebral vascular disease (CVD)-related gene database, a cerebral ischemic disease (CID) network containing dysregulated genes from the tMCAO model was constructed. Network analysis algorithms were applied to evaluate the key nodes within the CID network. In vivo and in vitro validation of crucial targets within the identified pathways was conducted. RESULTS SalC treatment significantly reduced infarct volume, improved neurological deficits, and reversed pathological changes in the tMCAO mouse model. The integration of RNA sequencing data revealed an 80% gene reversion rate induced by SalC within the CID network. Among the reverted genes, 53.1% exhibited reversion rates exceeding 50%, emphasizing the comprehensive rebalancing effect of SalC within the CID network. Neuroinflammatory-related pathways regulated by SalC, including the toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4)- triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1)-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, were identified. Further in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that TLR4-TREM1-NF-κB pathway was down-regulated by SalC in microglia, which was essential for its anti-inflammatory effect on ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS SalC attenuated cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting neuroinflammation mediated by microglia, primarily through the TLR4-TREM1-NF-κB pathway. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic benefits of SalC in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Guo
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321999, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yulin Xiao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiatian Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Peiqiang Shen
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Advanced Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, China.
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321999, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, China.
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321999, Zhejiang, China.
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8
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Tan W, Ma J, Fu J, Wu B, Zhu Z, Huang X, Du M, Wu C, Balawi E, Zhou Q, Zhang J, Liao Z. Transcriptomic and bioinformatics analysis of the mechanism by which erythropoietin promotes recovery from traumatic brain injury in mice. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:171-179. [PMID: 37488864 PMCID: PMC10479836 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.374135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have found that erythropoietin promotes the recovery of neurological function after traumatic brain injury. However, the precise mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we induced moderate traumatic brain injury in mice by intraperitoneal injection of erythropoietin for 3 consecutive days. RNA sequencing detected a total of 4065 differentially expressed RNAs, including 1059 mRNAs, 92 microRNAs, 799 long non-coding RNAs, and 2115 circular RNAs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyses revealed that the coding and non-coding RNAs that were differentially expressed after traumatic brain injury and treatment with erythropoietin play roles in the axon guidance pathway, Wnt pathway, and MAPK pathway. Constructing competing endogenous RNA networks showed that regulatory relationship between the differentially expressed non-coding RNAs and mRNAs. Because the axon guidance pathway was repeatedly enriched, the expression of Wnt5a and Ephb6, key factors in the axonal guidance pathway, was assessed. Ephb6 expression decreased and Wnt5a expression increased after traumatic brain injury, and these effects were reversed by treatment with erythropoietin. These findings suggest that erythropoietin can promote recovery of nerve function after traumatic brain injury through the axon guidance pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayuanyuan Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Biying Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuekang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengran Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenrui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ehab Balawi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengbu Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Seo HW, Ha TY, Ko G, Jang A, Choi JW, Lee DH, Chang KA. Scutellaria baicalensis Attenuated Neurological Impairment by Regulating Programmed Cell Death Pathway in Ischemic Stroke Mice. Cells 2023; 12:2133. [PMID: 37681864 PMCID: PMC10486384 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major global health problem that causes significant mortality and long-term disability. Post-stroke neurological impairment is a complication that is often underestimated with the risk of persistent neurological deficits. Although traditional Chinese medicines have a long history of being used for stroke, their scientific efficacy remains unclear. Scutellaria baicalensis, an herbal component known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has traditionally been used to treat brain disorders. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of the Scutellaria baicalensis extraction (SB) during the acute stage of ischemic stroke using photothrombotic (PTB)-induced and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model mice. We found that SB mitigated ischemic brain injury, as evidenced by a significant reduction in the modified neurological severity score in the acute stage of PTB and both the acute and chronic stages of tMCAO. Furthermore, we elucidated the regulatory role of SB in the necroptosis and pyroptosis pathways during the acute stage of stroke, underscoring its protective effects. Behavioral assessments demonstrated the effectiveness of SB in ameliorating motor dysfunction and cognitive impairment compared to the group receiving the vehicle. Our findings highlight the potential of SB as a promising therapeutic candidate for stroke. SB was found to help modulate the programmed cell death pathways, promote neuroprotection, and facilitate functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-won Seo
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (H.-w.S.); (G.K.)
| | - Tae-Young Ha
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea;
| | - Geon Ko
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (H.-w.S.); (G.K.)
| | - Aram Jang
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji-Woong Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong-hun Lee
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (H.-w.S.); (G.K.)
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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10
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Buonfiglio F, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Drugs in Glaucoma Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1193. [PMID: 37765001 PMCID: PMC10535738 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, a group of diseases characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell loss, cupping of the optic disc, and a typical pattern of visual field defects, is a leading cause of severe visual impairment and blindness worldwide. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the leading risk factor for glaucoma development. However, glaucoma can also develop at normal pressure levels. An increased susceptibility of retinal ganglion cells to IOP, systemic vascular dysregulation, endothelial dysfunction, and autoimmune imbalances have been suggested as playing a role in the pathophysiology of normal-tension glaucoma. Since inflammation and oxidative stress play a role in all forms of glaucoma, the goal of this review article is to present an overview of the inflammatory and pro-oxidant mechanisms in the pathophysiology of glaucoma and to discuss immunomodulatory and antioxidant treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | | | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
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11
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Buonfiglio F, Böhm EW, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Oxidative Stress: A Suitable Therapeutic Target for Optic Nerve Diseases? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1465. [PMID: 37508003 PMCID: PMC10376185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic nerve disorders encompass a wide spectrum of conditions characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and subsequent degeneration of the optic nerve. The etiology of these disorders can vary significantly, but emerging research highlights the crucial role of oxidative stress, an imbalance in the redox status characterized by an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in driving cell death through apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation. This review provides an overview of ROS-related processes underlying four extensively studied optic nerve diseases: glaucoma, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), and optic neuritis (ON). Furthermore, we present preclinical findings on antioxidants, with the objective of evaluating the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting oxidative stress in the treatment of optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.W.B.); (N.P.)
| | | | | | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.W.B.); (N.P.)
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12
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Yang L, Xu X, Wang L, Zeng KB, Wang XF. Edaravone administration and its potential association with a new clinical syndrome in cerebral infarction patients: Three case reports. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:4648-4654. [PMID: 37469729 PMCID: PMC10353518 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i19.4648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edaravone is a widely used treatment for patients with cerebral infarction and, in most cases, edaravone-induced side effects are mild. However, edaravone-related adverse reactions have been receiving increasing attention.
CASE SUMMARY We treated three patients with acute cerebral infarction who died following treatment with edaravone. Edaravone is a widely used treatment for patients with cerebral infarction and, in most cases, edaravone-induced side effects are mild. However, edaravone-related adverse reactions have been receiving increasing attention.
CONCLUSION Our cases highlight the importance of educating clinicians regarding the new edaravone-induced clinical syndromes of cerebral infarction as potentially fatal adverse drug reactions. Considering that no laboratory or confirmatory test exists to diagnose edaravone-induced death from cerebral infarction, clinicians’ knowledge is the key element in recognizing this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Ke-Bin Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xue-Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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13
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Chen B, Jin W. A comprehensive review of stroke-related signaling pathways and treatment in western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1200061. [PMID: 37351420 PMCID: PMC10282194 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides insight into the complex network of signaling pathways and mechanisms involved in stroke pathophysiology. It summarizes the historical progress of stroke-related signaling pathways, identifying potential interactions between them and emphasizing that stroke is a complex network disease. Of particular interest are the Hippo signaling pathway and ferroptosis signaling pathway, which remain understudied areas of research, and are therefore a focus of the review. The involvement of multiple signaling pathways, including Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, and AMPK in pathophysiological mechanisms such as oxidative stress and apoptosis, highlights the complexity of stroke. The review also delves into the details of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapies such as Rehmanniae and Astragalus, providing an analysis of the recent status of western medicine in the treatment of stroke and the advantages and disadvantages of TCM and western medicine in stroke treatment. The review proposes that since stroke is a network disease, TCM has the potential and advantages of a multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism of action in the treatment of stroke. Therefore, it is suggested that future research should explore more treasures of TCM and develop new therapies from the perspective of stroke as a network disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhao Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Patel D, Wairkar S. In silico and in vitro investigation of bile salts as coformers for edaravone coamorphous dispersion- Part I. Chem Phys Lipids 2023; 253:105302. [PMID: 37031754 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to design the spray-dried coamorphous dispersion (COAM) of a neuroprotective agent-edaravone (EDR) with bile salts to improve oral bioavailability. After the initial screening of different bile salts, EDR-sodium taurocholate (NaTC) COAM showed 4-fold solubility than a pure drug in 1-7pH range. In silico studies to select coformer for COAM revealed a narrow energy gap, easy charge transfer and high chemical reactivity between EDR and NaTC. The optimized EDR-NaTC COAM in a 1:1 molar ratio was characterized for solid state characterizations and in vitro release study. Hydrogen bond formation between the pyrazolone ring of EDR and the -OH group of the phenanthrene ring of NaTC was observed in the ATR-FTIR spectra of COAM. The DSC and XRPD data indicated the formation of an amorphous halo, whereas SEM photographs demonstrated porous, spherical particles of COAM. The pH-independent in vitro drug release of COAM was observed in 0.1N HCl, pH 4.5 and 6.8 buffers which was 3-fold higher than EDR. The COAM was stable for 6 months at accelerated condition without showing a change in drug content or devitrification (Initial: 98.002±0.942%; Accelerated condition: 97.016±1.110%). Although coamorphous form and hydrogen bonding between EDR-NaTC dispersion were primarily responsible for improved dissolution, NaTC, an exceptional surfactant, has also contributed to it. Moreover, its exclusive structural characteristics could prevent the recrystallization of the drug in supersaturated conditions of the GIT and also minimize the effect of food on oral absorption of EDR which will be studied in animals in the second part of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrumi Patel
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L.Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai. Maharashtra - 400056, India
| | - Sarika Wairkar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L.Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai. Maharashtra - 400056, India.
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15
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Wang Q, Li S, Yang G, Zou X, Yin X, Feng J, Chen H, Yang C, Zhang L, Lu C, Yue G. DABCO-Catalyzed Mono-/Diallylation of N-Unsubstituted Isatin N,N′-Cyclic Azomethine Imine 1,3-Dipoles with Morita-Baylis-Hillman Carbonates. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073002. [PMID: 37049765 PMCID: PMC10095907 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Allylation of N-unsubstituted isatin N,N′-cyclic azomethine imines with Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates in the presence of 1–10 mol% DABCO in DCM at room temperature, rapidly gave N-allylated and N, β-diallylated isatin N,N′-cyclic azomethine imine 1,3-dipoles in moderate to high yields. The reaction features mild reaction conditions, easily practical operation, and short reaction times in most cases. Furthermore, the alkylated products were transformed into novel bicyclic spiropyrrolidine oxoindole derivatives through the [3+2] or [3+3]-cycloaddition with maleimides or Knoevenagel adducts.
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16
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Ng NS, Newbery M, Touffu A, Maksour S, Chung J, Carroll L, Zaw T, Wu Y, Ooi L. Edaravone and mitochondrial transfer as potential therapeutics for vanishing white matter disease astrocyte dysfunction. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 36971196 PMCID: PMC10401142 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research has suggested that vanishing white matter disease (VWMD) astrocytes fail to fully differentiate and respond differently to cellular stresses compared to healthy astrocytes. However, few studies have investigated potential VWMD therapeutics in monoculture patient-derived cell-based models. METHODS To investigate the impact of alterations in astrocyte expression and function in VWMD, astrocytes were differentiated from patient and control induced pluripotent stem cells and analyzed by proteomics, pathway analysis, and functional assays, in the absence and presence of stressors or potential therapeutics. RESULTS Vanishing white matter disease astrocytes demonstrated significantly reduced expression of astrocyte markers and markers of inflammatory activation or cellular stress relative to control astrocytes. These alterations were identified both in the presence and absence of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid stimuli, which is used to simulate viral infections. Pathway analysis highlighted differential signaling in multiple pathways in VWMD astrocytes, including eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (EIF2) signaling, oxidative stress, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondrial function, the unfolded protein response (UPR), phagosome regulation, autophagy, ER stress, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, glycolysis, tRNA signaling, and senescence pathways. Since oxidative stress and mitochondrial function were two of the key pathways affected, we investigated whether two independent therapeutic strategies could ameliorate astrocyte dysfunction: edaravone treatment and mitochondrial transfer. Edaravone treatment reduced differential VWMD protein expression of the UPR, phagosome regulation, ubiquitination, autophagy, ER stress, senescence, and TCA cycle pathways. Meanwhile, mitochondrial transfer decreased VWMD differential expression of the UPR, glycolysis, calcium transport, phagosome formation, and ER stress pathways, while further modulating EIF2 signaling, tRNA signaling, TCA cycle, and OXPHOS pathways. Mitochondrial transfer also increased the gene and protein expression of the astrocyte marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in VWMD astrocytes. CONCLUSION This study provides further insight into the etiology of VWMD astrocytic failure and suggests edaravone and mitochondrial transfer as potential candidate VWMD therapeutics that can ameliorate disease pathways in astrocytes related to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and proteostasis.
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17
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Neuroprotective Strategies for Ischemic Stroke-Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054334. [PMID: 36901765 PMCID: PMC10002358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the main cause of death and the most common cause of acquired physical disability worldwide. Recent demographic changes increase the relevance of stroke and its sequelae. The acute treatment for stroke is restricted to causative recanalization and restoration of cerebral blood flow, including both intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. Still, only a limited number of patients are eligible for these time-sensitive treatments. Hence, new neuroprotective approaches are urgently needed. Neuroprotection is thus defined as an intervention resulting in the preservation, recovery, and/or regeneration of the nervous system by interfering with the ischemic-triggered stroke cascade. Despite numerous preclinical studies generating promising data for several neuroprotective agents, successful bench-to-bedside translations are still lacking. The present study provides an overview of current approaches in the research field of neuroprotective stroke treatment. Aside from "traditional" neuroprotective drugs focusing on inflammation, cell death, and excitotoxicity, stem-cell-based treatment methods are also considered. Furthermore, an overview of a prospective neuroprotective method using extracellular vesicles that are secreted from various stem cell sources, including neural stem cells and bone marrow stem cells, is also given. The review concludes with a short discussion on the microbiota-gut-brain axis that may serve as a potential target for future neuroprotective therapies.
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Martinez-Gonzalez L, Martinez A. Emerging clinical investigational drugs for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:141-160. [PMID: 36762798 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2178416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by motoneuron death with a median survival time of 3-5 years since disease onset. There are no effective treatments to date. However, a variety of innovative investigational drugs and biological-based therapies are under clinical development. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the clinical investigational small molecules as well as a brief summary of the biological-based therapies that are currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of ALS. All the data were obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov (registered through November 1). EXPERT OPINION Drug discovery for ALS is an active and evolving field, where many investigational clinical drugs are in different trials. There are several mechanisms of action supporting all these new therapies, although proteostasis is gaining stage. Probably, small orally bioavailable molecules able to recover functional TDP-43 homeostasis may have solid chances to modify ALS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Martinez-Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas"-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas"-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Shen M, Zheng Y, Li G, Chen Y, Huang L, Wu J, Hong C. Dual Antioxidant DH-217 Mitigated Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Targeting IKKβ/Nrf2/HO-1 Signal Axis. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:579-590. [PMID: 36243818 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants represent a potential therapy for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Compounds which exhibit both direct and indirect antioxidative activity may potentially exert improved effects. Hence, we aimed to assess whether the dual antioxidant DH-217, a derivative of DHAP clinically used to treat coronary heart disease, can reduce oxidative stress damage and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced and Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO)-induced damages were used to imitate oxidative stress. The antioxidation of DH-217 was determined by MTT, ROS, colony and DPPH assay. Besides, immunofluorescence, Real-Time PCR Analyses, western blotting and si-RNA/Plasmid-induced protein expression were used for mechanism validation. DPPH scavenging assay evidenced DH-217 was a well free radical scavenger. Cell survival assay also showed that DH-217 had a significant cytoprotection through direct and indirect clearance mechanisms. Further, it clearly inhibited oxidative stress-induced IkappaB kinase beta (IKKβ) phosphorylation and increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Significantly, these antioxidant beneficial effects were reversed by HO-1 inhibitor, si-nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and IKKβ plasmid. Meanwhile, DH-217 had a good neuroprotective effect on CIRI rats. The dual antioxidant DH-217 has potential reference value for drug development of CIRI. Furthermore, inhibition of IKKβ phosphorylation and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 could be a promising antioxidant pathway. Dual antioxidant DH-217 not only has the ability of directly scavenging ROS, but also can clear it by targeting IKKβ/Nrf2/HO-1 signal axis. Inhibition of IKKβ phosphorylation and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 may be a promising antioxidant pathway for CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Shen
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuantie Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ge Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinqi Chen
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China. .,Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianzhang Wu
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chenglv Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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Pharmacological Strategies for Stroke Intervention: Assessment of Pathophysiological Relevance and Clinical Trials. Clin Neuropharmacol 2023; 46:17-30. [PMID: 36515293 DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present review describes stroke pathophysiology in brief and discusses the spectrum of available treatments with different promising interventions that are in clinical settings or are in clinical trials. METHODS Relevant articles were searched using Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and PubMed. Keywords for the search included ischemic stroke, mechanisms, stroke interventions, clinical trials, and stem cell therapy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Stroke accounts to a high burden of mortality and morbidity around the globe. Time is an important factor in treating stroke. Treatment options are limited; however, agents with considerable efficacy and tolerability are being continuously explored. With the advances in stroke interventions, new therapies are being formulated with a hope that these may aid the ongoing protective and reparative processes. Such therapies may have an extended therapeutic time window in hours, days, weeks, or longer and may have the advantage to be accessible by a majority of the patients.
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21
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Shi F, He Z, Wang L, Su H, Han S. Cost-effectiveness of edaravone dexborneol versus edaravone for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in China: Based on the TASTE study. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:938239. [PMID: 36330098 PMCID: PMC9622952 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.938239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: The TASTE trial indicated that patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) using edaravone dexborneol have a significantly higher proportion of 90-day good functional outcomes (mRS 0–1) than those using edaravone. This study compared the cost-effectiveness of the aforementioned interventions in treating AIS in the Chinese setting, aiming to inform treatment decisions in clinical practice. Methods: A model combining a decision tree and a Markov model was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of edaravone dexborneol versus edaravone for AIS over a 30-year time horizon from the Chinese healthcare system’s perspective. Both efficacy and safety data were extracted from the TASTE study. Local costs and utilities were derived from publications and open-access databases; both cost and effectiveness were discounted at a rate of 5% per year. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure robustness and identify the main drivers of the result. Results: Compared with edaravone, edaravone dexborneol for AIS was found to be cost-effective in the first year and highly cost-effective as the study time horizons extended. In the long term (30 years), edaravone dexborneol yielded a lifetime gain of 0.25 (0.07–0.45) quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) at an additional cost of CNY 2201.07 (-3,445.24–6,637.23), yielding an ICER of CNY 8823.41 per QALY gained under the willingness-to-pay (WTP) of 1.5 times per capita GDP (121,464 CNY). The result is robust in both deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) methods, with the advantage of the edaravone dexborneol strategy increasing over time. Specifically, the probability of edaravone dexborneol dominant dexborneol is 76.30%, 98.90%, and 99.50% over 1-, 5-, and 30-year time horizons. Conclusion: Both short- and long-term economic analyses suggest that edaravone dexborneol is highly likely to be a cost-effective alternative to treat AIS compared with edaravone in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghao Shi
- International Research Center for Medicinal Administration, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixuan He
- International Research Center for Medicinal Administration, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hang Su
- International Research Center for Medicinal Administration, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Han
- International Research Center for Medicinal Administration, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng Han,
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Magnetic Sulfonated Melamine-Formaldehyde Resin as an Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Pyrazolone Derivatives. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfonated polymer-based materials, among heterogeneous catalysts, are frequently utilized in chemical transformations due to their outstanding chemical and physical durability. In this regard, a magnetic sulfonated melamine–formaldehyde resin (MSMF) catalyst was successfully prepared from a mixture of sulfonated melamine–formaldehyde and Fe3O4 nanoparticles in two steps. MSMF was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the one-pot, three-component condensation of benzyl pyrazolyl naphthoquinones in water as a green solvent and 4-[(indol-3-yl)-arylmethyl]-1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolones. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of catalyst, benzyl pyrazolyl naphthoquinones, and 4-[(indol-3-yl)-arylmethyl]-1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolones were evaluated using agar disk-diffusion and DPPH assays, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the catalyst and 4-[(indol-3-yl)-arylmethyl]-1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolones was found to be 75% and 90%, respectively. Furthermore, catalyst, benzyl pyrazolyl naphthoquinones, and 4-[(indol-3-yl)-arylmethyl]-1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolones exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In conclusion, MSMF is a superior catalyst for green chemical processes, owing to its high catalytic activity, stability, and reusability.
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23
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Zhang Z, Cheng M, Guo J, Wan Y, Wang R, Fang Y, Jin Y, Xie SS, Liu J. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrazolone derivatives as selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors with antioxidant activity against Alzheimer's disease. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Mdzinarishvili A, Houson H, Hedrick A, Awasthi V. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory diphenyldihaloketone EF24 in transient ischemic stroke model. Brain Inj 2022; 36:279-286. [PMID: 35254869 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2034959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Revascularization is necessary in patients with ischemic stroke, however it does not address inflammation that contribute to reperfusion injury and the early growth of ischemic core. We investigated EF24, an anti-inflammatory agent, in a stroke model. METHODS Ischemic stroke was induced in mice by occluding middle cerebral artery for 1 h followed by reperfusion. EF24 was given either 10 min post-reperfusion (EF24Post) or 10 min before occlusion (prophylactic, EF24Pro). Survival, ipsilateral uptake of radioactive infarct marker 18F-fluoroglucaric acid (FGA), inflammatory cytokines, and tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining were assessed. RESULTS Survival was increased in both EF24-treated groups compared to the stroke+vehicle group. Ipsilateral 18F-FGA uptake increased 2.6-fold in stroke+vehicle group compared to sham group (p < 0.05); the uptake in EF24-treated groups and sham group was not significantly different. TTC-staining also showed reduction in infarct size by EF24 treatment. Plasma IL-6, TNF-α, and corticosterone did not show significant changes among groups. However, ipsilateral tissue in stroke+vehicle mice showed increased IL-6 (>90-fold) and TNF-α (3-fold); the tissue IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly reduced in stroke+EF24Pro and stroke+EF24Post groups. 18F-FGA uptake significantly correlated with tissue IL-6 levels. CONCLUSIONS EF24 controls infarct growth and suppresses tissue inflammation in ischemic stroke, which can be monitored by 18F-FGA uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mdzinarishvili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Hailey Houson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Andria Hedrick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Vibhudutta Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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25
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Chovsepian A, Berchtold D, Winek K, Mamrak U, Ramírez Álvarez I, Dening Y, Golubczyk D, Weitbrecht L, Dames C, Aillery M, Fernandez‐Sanz C, Gajewski Z, Dieterich M, Janowski M, Falkai P, Walczak P, Plesnila N, Meisel A, Pan‐Montojo F. A Primeval Mechanism of Tolerance to Desiccation Based on Glycolic Acid Saves Neurons in Mammals from Ischemia by Reducing Intracellular Calcium-Mediated Excitotoxicity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103265. [PMID: 34904402 PMCID: PMC8811841 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Current treatments, such as pharmacological thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy, reopen occluded arteries but do not protect against ischemia-induced damage that occurs before reperfusion or neuronal damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion. It has been shown that disrupting the conversion of glyoxal to glycolic acid (GA) results in a decreased tolerance to anhydrobiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans dauer larva and that GA itself can rescue this phenotype. During the process of desiccation/rehydration, a metabolic stop/start similar to the one observed during ischemia/reperfusion occurs. In this study, the protective effect of GA is tested in different ischemia models, i.e., in commonly used stroke models in mice and swine. The results show that GA, given during reperfusion, strongly protects against ischemic damage and improves functional outcome. Evidence that GA exerts its effect by counteracting the glutamate-dependent increase in intracellular calcium during excitotoxicity is provided. These results suggest that GA treatment has the potential to reduce mortality and disability in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Chovsepian
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalNussbaumstrasse. 780336MunichGermany
| | - Daniel Berchtold
- Department of NeurologyNeuroCure Clinical Research CenterCenter for Stroke ResearchCharité University MedicineCharitéplatz 110117BerlinGermany
| | - Katarzyna Winek
- Department of NeurologyNeuroCure Clinical Research CenterCenter for Stroke ResearchCharité University MedicineCharitéplatz 110117BerlinGermany
- Present address:
Present address: Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain SciencesHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Uta Mamrak
- Laboratory of Experimental Stroke ResearchInstitute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD)University of Munich Medical CenterFeodor‐Lynen‐Strasse 1781377MunichGermany
| | - Inés Ramírez Álvarez
- Department of NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalMarchioninstrasse. 1581377MunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilian University Munich81377MunichGermany
| | - Yanina Dening
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalNussbaumstrasse. 780336MunichGermany
- Department of NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalMarchioninstrasse. 1581377MunichGermany
| | | | - Luis Weitbrecht
- Department of NeurologyNeuroCure Clinical Research CenterCenter for Stroke ResearchCharité University MedicineCharitéplatz 110117BerlinGermany
| | - Claudia Dames
- Department of NeurologyNeuroCure Clinical Research CenterCenter for Stroke ResearchCharité University MedicineCharitéplatz 110117BerlinGermany
| | - Marine Aillery
- Department of NeurologyNeuroCure Clinical Research CenterCenter for Stroke ResearchCharité University MedicineCharitéplatz 110117BerlinGermany
- Present address:
Present address: SeppicÎle‐de‐FranceLa Garenne‐Colombes92250France
| | - Celia Fernandez‐Sanz
- Department of NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalMarchioninstrasse. 1581377MunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilian University Munich81377MunichGermany
- Present address:
Present address: Center for Translational MedicineDepartment of MedicineThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA19107USA
| | - Zdzislaw Gajewski
- Center for Translational MedicineWarsaw University of Life SciencesWarsaw02‐787Poland
| | - Marianne Dieterich
- Department of NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalMarchioninstrasse. 1581377MunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilian University Munich81377MunichGermany
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Program in Image Guided NeurointerventionsDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMD21201USA
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalNussbaumstrasse. 780336MunichGermany
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Program in Image Guided NeurointerventionsDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMD21201USA
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Laboratory of Experimental Stroke ResearchInstitute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD)University of Munich Medical CenterFeodor‐Lynen‐Strasse 1781377MunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilian University Munich81377MunichGermany
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Department of NeurologyNeuroCure Clinical Research CenterCenter for Stroke ResearchCharité University MedicineCharitéplatz 110117BerlinGermany
| | - Francisco Pan‐Montojo
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalNussbaumstrasse. 780336MunichGermany
- Department of NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalMarchioninstrasse. 1581377MunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilian University Munich81377MunichGermany
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26
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Babu M, Singh N, Datta A. In Vitro Oxygen Glucose Deprivation Model of Ischemic Stroke: A Proteomics-Driven Systems Biological Perspective. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2363-2377. [PMID: 35080759 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) of brain cells is the commonest in vitro model of ischemic stroke that is used extensively for basic and preclinical stroke research. Protein mass spectrometry is one of the most promising and rapidly evolving technologies in biomedical research. A systems-level understanding of cell-type-specific responses to oxygen and glucose deprivation without systemic influence is a prerequisite to delineate the response of the neurovascular unit following ischemic stroke. In this systematic review, we summarize the proteomics studies done on different OGD models. These studies have followed an expression or interaction proteomics approach. They have been primarily used to understand the cellular pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion injury or to assess the efficacy of interventions as potential treatment options. We compile the limitations of OGD model and downstream proteomics experiment. We further show that despite having limitations, several proteins shortlisted as altered in in vitro OGD-proteomics studies showed comparable regulation in ischemic stroke patients. This showcases the translational potential of this approach for therapeutic target and biomarker discovery. We next discuss the approaches that can be adopted for cell-type-specific validation of OGD-proteomics results in the future. Finally, we briefly present the research questions that can be addressed by OGD-proteomics studies using emerging techniques of protein mass spectrometry. We have also created a web resource compiling information from OGD-proteomics studies to facilitate data sharing for community usage. This review intends to encourage preclinical stroke community to adopt a hypothesis-free proteomics approach to understand cell-type-specific responses following ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Babu
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Nikhil Singh
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Arnab Datta
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India.
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27
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Williams RM, Shah J, Mercer E, Tian HS, Thompson V, Cheung JM, Dorso M, Kubala JM, Gudas LJ, de Stanchina E, Jaimes EA, Heller DA. Kidney-Targeted Redox Scavenger Therapy Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:790913. [PMID: 35046813 PMCID: PMC8762298 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.790913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a significant co-morbidity of chemotherapeutic regimens. While this condition is associated with substantially lower survival and increased economic burden, there is no pharmacological agent to effectively treat CI-AKI. The disease is hallmarked by acute tubular necrosis of the proximal tubular epithelial cells primarily due to increased oxidative stress. We investigated a drug delivery strategy to improve the pharmacokinetics of an approved therapy that does not normally demonstrate appreciable efficacy in CI-AKI, as a preventive intervention. In prior work, we developed a kidney-selective mesoscale nanoparticle (MNP) that targets the renal proximal tubular epithelium. Here, we found that the nanoparticles target the kidneys in a mouse model of CI-AKI with significant damage. We evaluated MNPs loaded with the reactive oxygen species scavenger edaravone, currently used to treat stroke and ALS. We found a marked and significant therapeutic benefit with edaravone-loaded MNPs, including improved renal function, which we demonstrated was likely due to a decrease in tubular epithelial cell damage and death imparted by the specific delivery of edaravone. The results suggest that renal-selective edaravone delivery holds potential for the prevention of acute kidney injury among patients undergoing cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Williams
- The City College of New York Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY, United States.,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Janki Shah
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth Mercer
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Helen S Tian
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vanessa Thompson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Justin M Cheung
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Madeline Dorso
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jaclyn M Kubala
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Edgar A Jaimes
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel A Heller
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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28
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Sapkota A, Choi JW. Oleanolic Acid Provides Neuroprotection against Ischemic Stroke through the Inhibition of Microglial Activation and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:55-63. [PMID: 34873072 PMCID: PMC8724842 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been reported to exert protective effects against several neurological diseases through its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of OA against acute and chronic brain injuries after ischemic stroke using a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO, MCAO/reperfusion). OA administration immediately after reperfusion significantly attenuated acute brain injuries including brain infarction, functional neurological deficits, and neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, delayed administration of OA (at 3 h after reperfusion) attenuated brain infarction and improved functional neurological deficits during the acute phase. Such neuroprotective effects were associated with attenuation of microglial activation and lipid peroxidation in the injured brain after the tMCAO challenge. OA also attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in activated microglia during the acute phase. In addition, daily administration of OA for 7 days starting from either immediately after reperfusion or 1 day after reperfusion significantly improved functional neurological deficits and attenuated brain tissue loss up to 21 days after the tMCAO challenge; these findings supported therapeutic effects of OA against ischemic stroke-induced chronic brain injury. Together, these findings showed that OA exerted neuroprotective effects against both acute and chronic brain injuries after tMCAO challenge, suggesting that OA is a potential therapeutic agent to treat ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sapkota
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Choi
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
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29
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Li YJ, Wu JY, Liu J, Qiu X, Xu W, Tang T, Xiang DX. From blood to brain: blood cell-based biomimetic drug delivery systems. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1214-1225. [PMID: 34142628 PMCID: PMC8259840 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1937384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain drug delivery remains a major difficulty for several challenges including the blood-brain barrier, lesion spot targeting, and stability during circulation. Blood cells including erythrocytes, platelets, and various subpopulations of leukocytes have distinct features such as long-circulation, natural targeting, and chemotaxis. The development of biomimetic drug delivery systems based on blood cells for brain drug delivery is growing fast by using living cells, membrane coating nanotechnology, or cell membrane-derived nanovesicles. Blood cell-based vehicles are superior delivery systems for their engineering feasibility and versatile delivery ability of chemicals, proteins, and all kinds of nanoparticles. Here, we focus on advances of blood cell-based biomimetic carriers for from blood to brain drug delivery and discuss their translational challenges in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun-Yong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jihua Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohan Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiantian Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Da-Xiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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30
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Yuan J, Li L, Yang Q, Ran H, Wang J, Hu K, Pu W, Huang J, Wen L, Zhou L, Jiang Y, Xiong X, Zhang J, Zhou Z. Targeted Treatment of Ischemic Stroke by Bioactive Nanoparticle-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Responsive and Inflammation-Resolving Nanotherapies. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16076-16094. [PMID: 34606239 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a primary cause of death and disability worldwide, while effective and safe drugs remain to be developed for its clinical treatment. Herein, we report bioactive nanoparticle-derived multifunctional nanotherapies for ischemic stroke, which are engineered from a pharmacologically active oligosaccharide material (termed as TPCD) prepared by covalently conjugating a radical-scavenging compound (Tempol) and a hydrogen-peroxide-eliminating moiety of phenylboronic acid pinacol ester (PBAP) on β-cyclodextrin. Of note, combined functional moieties of Tempol and PBAP on β-cyclodextrin contribute to antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of TPCD. Cellularly, TPCD nanoparticles (i.e., TPCD NPs) reduced oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced overproduction of oxidative mediators, increased antioxidant enzyme expression, and suppressed microglial-mediated inflammation, thereby inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. After intravenous (i.v.) delivery, TPCD NPs could efficiently accumulate at the cerebral ischemic injury site of mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), showing considerable distribution in cells relevant to the pathogenesis of stroke. Therapeutically, TPCD NPs significantly decreased infarct volume and accelerated recovery of neurological function in MCAO mice. Mechanistically, efficacy of TPCD NPs is achieved by its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. Furthermore, TPCD NPs can function as a reactive oxygen species labile nanovehicle to efficiently load and triggerably release an inflammation-resolving peptide Ac2-26, giving rise to an inflammation-resolving nanotherapy (i.e., ATPCD NP). Compared to TPCD NP, ATPCD NP demonstrated notably enhanced in vivo efficacies, largely resulting from its additional inflammation-resolving activity. Consequently, TPCD NP-derived nanomedicines can be further developed as promising targeted therapies for stroke and other inflammation-associated cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hong Ran
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Kaiyao Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wendan Pu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jialu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lan Wen
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Linke Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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31
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Ma J, Yang J, Yan K, Sun X, Wei W, Tian L, Wen J. Electrochemical‐Induced C(sp
3
)−H Dehydrogenative Trimerization of Pyrazolones to Tripyrazolones. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University, Qufu Shandong 273165 P. R. China
| | - Jianjing Yang
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University, Qufu Shandong 273165 P. R. China
| | - Kelu Yan
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University, Qufu Shandong 273165 P. R. China
| | - Xue Sun
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University, Qufu Shandong 273165 P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University, Qufu Shandong 273165 P. R. China
| | - Laijin Tian
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University, Qufu Shandong 273165 P. R. China
| | - Jiangwei Wen
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University, Qufu Shandong 273165 P. R. China
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32
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Raeisi Estabragh MA, Pardakhty A, Ahmadzadeh S, Dabiri S, Malekpour Afshar R, Farajli Abbasi M. Successful Application of Alpha Lipoic Acid Niosomal Formulation in Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injury in Rat Model. Adv Pharm Bull 2021; 12:541-549. [PMID: 35935040 PMCID: PMC9348526 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2022.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Free radicals such as hydroxyl and peroxide are contributing factors to neuronal destruction in cerebral ischemia. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is one of the potent known antioxidants. Preparation of ALA niosomes allows IV injection and can increase bioavailability and penetration into the central nervous system (CNS).
Methods: Film hydration method was used to prepare different niosomes composed of Span®, Tween®, and cholesterol at different molar ratio. ALA and niosome-forming compounds were dissolved in chloroform, before removing the organic solvent by rotary evaporator. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: Sham, control group, intravenous (IV) injection of empty niosomes plus intraperitoneal (IP) injection of ALA solution, and finally, IV injection of ALA niosomes. Rats were subjected to deep anesthesia before inducing cerebral ischemia, then, their internal common carotid arteries were clamped for 15 min and reperfusion was done for 30 min. Niosomal ALA was injected intravenously just before declamping.
Results: Mean volume diameter of the prepared niosomes was between 4.36 ± 0.82 and 19.95 ± 1.21 μm in different formulations. Encapsulation efficiency percent (EE%) of ALA in the selected formulation, Span60/Tween60/cholesterol (35:35:30 molar ratio), was 94.5 ± 0.2, and 59.27 ± 5.61% of ALA was released after 4h. In the niosomal group, the rate of reduction in complications of cerebral ischemia such as histopathologic changes and acute damage (from score 3 to 1) in CNS was higher than other groups.
Conclusion: The obtained results show that niosomes can be used as effective drug delivery systems for ALA in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Raeisi Estabragh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeid Ahmadzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahriar Dabiri
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Malekpour Afshar
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farajli Abbasi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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33
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He W, Zhang Z, Sha X. Nanoparticles-mediated emerging approaches for effective treatment of ischemic stroke. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121111. [PMID: 34488117 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke leads to high disability and mortality. The limited delivery efficiency of most therapeutic substances is a major challenge for effective treatment of ischemic stroke. Inspired by the prominent merit of nanoscale particles in brain targeting and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, various functional nanoparticles have been designed as promising drug delivery platforms that are expected to improve the therapeutic effect of ischemic stroke. Based on the complex pathological mechanisms of ischemic stroke, this review outline and summarize the rationally designed nanoparticles-mediated emerging approaches for effective treatment of ischemic stroke, including recanalization therapy, neuroprotection therapy, and combination therapy. On this bases, the potentials and challenges of nanoparticles in the treatment of ischemic stroke are revealed, and new thoughts and perspectives are proposed for the design of feasible nanoparticles for effective treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xianyi Sha
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China; The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, 120 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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34
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Spasić S, Nikolić-Kokić A, Miletić S, Oreščanin-Dušić Z, Spasić MB, Blagojević D, Stević Z. Edaravone May Prevent Ferroptosis in ALS. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:776-780. [PMID: 32077821 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200220123305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radicava™ (Edaravone) was approved the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a new treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Edaravone is a synthetic antioxidant that specifically targets oxidative damage interacting with lipid radicals in the cell. In ALS disease the multiple cell types are involved in devastating loss of motor neurons. Mutations and biochemical changes in various cell types jointly contribute to motor neuron death, disease onset, and disease progression. The overall mechanism of neurodegeneration in ALS is still not completely understood. Dying motor neurons have been reported to exhibit features of apoptosis. However, non-apoptotic features of dying motor neurons have also been reported such as ferroptosis. The role of Edaravone in the prevention of ferroptosis in parallel with other therapeutic approaches to ALS therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Spasić
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolić-Kokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srđan Miletić
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Oreščanin-Dušić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo B Spasić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Duško Blagojević
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Stević
- Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Shakkour Z, Issa H, Ismail H, Ashekyan O, Habashy KJ, Nasrallah L, Jourdi H, Hamade E, Mondello S, Sabra M, Zibara K, Kobeissy F. Drug Repurposing: Promises of Edaravone Target Drug in Traumatic Brain Injury. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2369-2391. [PMID: 32787753 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200812221022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Edaravone is a potent free-radical scavenger that has been in the market for more than 30 years. It was originally developed in Japan to treat strokes and has been used there since 2001. Aside from its anti-oxidative effects, edaravone demonstrated beneficial effects on proinflammatory responses, nitric oxide production, and apoptotic cell death. Interestingly, edaravone has shown neuroprotective effects in several animal models of diseases other than stroke. In particular, edaravone administration was found to be effective in halting amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) progression during the early stages. Accordingly, after its success in Phase III clinical studies, edaravone has been approved by the FDA as a treatment for ALS patients. Considering its promises in neurological disorders and its safety in patients, edaravone is a drug of interest that can be repurposed for traumatic brain injury (TBI) treatment. Drug repurposing is a novel approach in drug development that identifies drugs for purposes other than their original indication. This review presents the biochemical properties of edaravone along with its effects on several neurological disorders in the hope that it can be adopted for treating TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaynab Shakkour
- American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hawraa Issa
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Helene Ismail
- American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ohanes Ashekyan
- American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Karl John Habashy
- Faculty of Medicine, American, University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Leila Nasrallah
- American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussam Jourdi
- Biology & Environmental Sciences Division at University of Balamand, Souk El Gharb, Aley, Lebanon
| | - Eva Hamade
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mirna Sabra
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Beirut, Lebanon
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Wang P, Chin EK, Almeida D. Antioxidants for the Treatment of Retinal Disease: Summary of Recent Evidence. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:1621-1628. [PMID: 33907376 PMCID: PMC8064715 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s307009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal tissue is prone to oxidant burden and oxidative stress secondary to the generation of reactive oxygen species from high metabolic demand. The formation of reactive oxygen species occurs primarily from the mitochondrial respiratory chain as well as several enzymatic and oxidation reactions that occur in the neurosensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium. This oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several retinal diseases and the role of antioxidants as a therapeutic treatment shows promise in slowing the progression of certain diseases. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the mechanisms of retinal oxidative stress and summarize the current available evidence for antioxidants as a treatment for vitreoretinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Wang
- School of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric K Chin
- Retina Consultants of Southern California, Redlands, CA, USA
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La Russa D, Montesano D, Pellegrino D, Frisina M, Bagetta G, Fallarino F, Amantea D. Systemic administration of sunflower oil exerts neuroprotection in a mouse model of transient focal cerebral ischaemia. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:1776-1783. [PMID: 33749789 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Natural products are valuable sources of nutraceuticals for the prevention or treatment of ischemic stroke, a major cause of death and severe disability worldwide. Among the mechanisms implicated in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion damage, oxidative stress exerts a pivotal role in disease progression. Given the high antioxidant potential of most components of sunflower oil, we have explored its effects on ischemic brain injury produced in the mouse by transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAo). KEY FINDINGS Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of sunflower oil at doses of 3 ml/kg (48 h, 24 h and 1 h before MCAo) significantly reduced brain infarct volume and oedema assessed 24 h after the insult. This neuroprotective treatment schedule also prevented the elevation of brain lipid peroxidation produced by MCAo-reperfusion injury. By contrast, doses of 0.03 ml/kg of sunflower oil resulted ineffective on both cerebral damage and lipid peroxidation. Although sunflower oil did not affect serum levels of Diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs), both 0.03 and 3 ml/kg dosing regimens resulted in the preservation of serum biological antioxidant potential (BAP) that was otherwise dramatically reduced 24 h after MCAo. CONCLUSIONS Sunflower oil represents a promising source of neuroprotective extracts/compounds that can be exploited for the prevention and/or treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele La Russa
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Pellegrino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marialaura Frisina
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | | | - Diana Amantea
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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Martins-Silva C, de Souza Pinho N, Ferreira GG, Aguiar RM, Ferreira TA, Pires RGW, Tizziani T, Pizzolatti MG, Santos ARS. Polygala sabulosa A.W. Bennett extract mitigates motor and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of acute ischemia. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:453-462. [PMID: 33394286 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The treatment is limited; however, the Brazilian flora has a great source of natural products with therapeutic potentials. Studies with the medicinal plant Polygala sabulosa W. Bennett provided evidence for its use as an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective drug. In the case of ischemic stroke due to lack of oxygen, both acute and chronic inflammatory processes are activated. Thus, we hypothesized that P. sabulosa (HEPs) has the potential to treat the motor and cognitive deficits generated by ischemic stroke. Male mice were subjected to global ischemia for 60 min, followed by reperfusion and orally treated with HEPs (100 mg/kg in saline + 3% tween 20) twice a day (12 h apart) for 48 h starting 3 h after surgery. Motor skills were assessed using grip force and open field tasks. Hippocampi were then collected for mRNA quantification of the cytokines IL-1-β and TNF-α levels. After 48 h of acute treatment, spatial reference memory was evaluated in a Morris water maze test for another group of animals. We show that HEPs treatment significantly prevented motor weakness induced by ischemia. Brain infarct area was reduced by 22.25% with downregulation of the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA. Learning performance and memory ability on Morris water maze task were similar to the sham group. Our data demonstrates the neuroprotective properties of HEPs through its anti-inflammatory activities, which prevent motor and cognitive impairments, suggesting that HEPs may be an effective therapy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martins-Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour (LabNeC), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, 29043910, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Pharmacology, UFES, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
| | - Natalie de Souza Pinho
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour (LabNeC), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, 29043910, Brazil
| | - Glenda G Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour (LabNeC), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, 29043910, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Pharmacology, UFES, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Rafael Moraes Aguiar
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour (LabNeC), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, 29043910, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Pharmacology, UFES, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Tamara Alarcon Ferreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Rita G W Pires
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, ES, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Pharmacology, UFES, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Tiago Tizziani
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Mathematical Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Moacir G Pizzolatti
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Mathematical Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Adair R S Santos
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Nogales C, Grønning AGB, Sadegh S, Baumbach J, Schmidt HHHW. Network Medicine-Based Unbiased Disease Modules for Drug and Diagnostic Target Identification in ROSopathies. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 264:49-68. [PMID: 32780286 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Most diseases are defined by a symptom, not a mechanism. Consequently, therapies remain symptomatic. In reverse, many potential disease mechanisms remain in arbitrary search for clinical relevance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are such an example. It is an attractive hypothesis that dysregulation of ROS can become a disease trigger. Indeed, elevated ROS levels of various biomarkers have been correlated with almost every disease, yet after decades of research without any therapeutic application. We here present a first systematic, non-hypothesis-based approach to transform this field as a proof of concept for biomedical research in general. We selected as seed proteins 9 families with 42 members of clinically researched ROS-generating enzymes, ROS-metabolizing enzymes or ROS targets. Applying an unbiased network medicine approach, their first neighbours were connected, and, based on a stringent subnet participation degree (SPD) of 0.4, hub nodes excluded. This resulted in 12 distinct human interactome-based ROS signalling modules, while 8 proteins remaining unconnected. This ROSome is in sharp contrast to commonly used highly curated and integrated KEGG, HMDB or WikiPathways. These latter serve more as mind maps of possible ROS signalling events but may lack important interactions and often do not take different cellular and subcellular localization into account. Moreover, novel non-ROS-related proteins were part of these forming functional hybrids, such as the NOX5/sGC, NOX1,2/NOS2, NRF2/ENC-1 and MPO/SP-A modules. Thus, ROS sources are not interchangeable but associated with distinct disease processes or not at all. Module members represent leads for precision diagnostics to stratify patients with specific ROSopathies for precision intervention. The upper panel shows the classical approach to generate hypotheses for a role of ROS in a given disease by focusing on ROS levels and to some degree the ROS type or metabolite. Low levels are considered physiological; higher amounts are thought to cause a redox imbalance, oxidative stress and eventually disease. The source of ROS is less relevant; there is also ROS-induced ROS formation, i.e. by secondary sources (see upwards arrow). The non-hypothesis-based network medicine approach uses genetically or otherwise validated risk genes to construct disease-relevant signalling modules, which will contain also ROS targets. Not all ROS sources will be relevant for a given disease; some may not be disease relevant at all. The three examples show (from left to right) the disease-relevant appearance of an unphysiological ROS modifier/toxifier protein, ROS target or ROS source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Nogales
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexander G B Grønning
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sepideh Sadegh
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Xu J, Wang A, Meng X, Yalkun G, Xu A, Gao Z, Chen H, Ji Y, Xu J, Geng D, Zhu R, Liu B, Dong A, Mu H, Lu Z, Li S, Zheng H, Chen X, Wang Y, Zhao X, Wang Y. Edaravone Dexborneol Versus Edaravone Alone for the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparative Trial. Stroke 2021; 52:772-780. [PMID: 33588596 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.031197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Edaravone dexborneol, comprised of 2 active ingredients, edaravone and (+)-borneol, has been developed as a novel neuroprotective agent with synergistic effects of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in animal models. The present clinical trial aimed at testing the effects of edaravone dexborneol versus edaravone on 90-day functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparative, phase III clinical trial was conducted at 48 hospitals in China between May 2015 and December 2016. Inclusion criteria included patients diagnosed as AIS, 35 to 80 years of age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score between 4 and 24, and within 48 hours of AIS onset. AIS patients were randomized in 1:1 ratio into 2 treatment arms: 14-day infusion of edaravone dexborneol or edaravone injection. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with modified Rankin Scale score ≤1 on day 90 after randomization. RESULTS One thousand one hundred sixty-five AIS patients were randomly allocated to the edaravone dexborneol group (n=585) or the edaravone group (n=580). The edaravone dexborneol group showed significantly higher proportion of patients experiencing good functional outcomes on day 90 after randomization, compared with the edaravone group (modified Rankin Scale score ≤1, 67.18% versus 58.97%; odds ratio, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.12-1.81]; P=0.004). The prespecified subgroup analyses indicated that a greater benefit was observed in female patients than their male counterparts (2.26, 1.49-3.43 versus 1.14, 0.85-1.52). CONCLUSIONS When edaravone dexborneol versus edaravone was administered within 48 hours after AIS, 90-day good functional outcomes favored the edaravone dexborneol group, especially in female patients. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02430350.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Jie Xu, A.W., X.M., G.Y., S.L., H.Z., X.C., Yilong Wang, X.Z., Yongjun Wang)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (Jie Xu, A.W., X.M., G.Y., S.L., H.Z., X.C., Yilong Wang, X.Z., Yongjun Wang)
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Jie Xu, A.W., X.M., G.Y., S.L., H.Z., X.C., Yilong Wang, X.Z., Yongjun Wang)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (Jie Xu, A.W., X.M., G.Y., S.L., H.Z., X.C., Yilong Wang, X.Z., Yongjun Wang)
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Jie Xu, A.W., X.M., G.Y., S.L., H.Z., X.C., Yilong Wang, X.Z., Yongjun Wang)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (Jie Xu, A.W., X.M., G.Y., S.L., H.Z., X.C., Yilong Wang, X.Z., Yongjun Wang)
| | - Gulbahram Yalkun
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Jie Xu, A.W., X.M., G.Y., S.L., H.Z., X.C., Yilong Wang, X.Z., Yongjun Wang)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (Jie Xu, A.W., X.M., G.Y., S.L., H.Z., X.C., Yilong Wang, X.Z., Yongjun Wang)
| | - Anding Xu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (A.X.)
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China (Z.G.)
| | - Huisheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military, China (H.C.)
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, China (Y.J.)
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China (Jun Xu)
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China (D.G.)
| | - Runxiu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, China (R.Z.)
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, China (B.L.)
| | - Aiqin Dong
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, China (A.D.)
| | - Hua Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Nanjing, China (H.M., Z.L.)
| | - Zhihong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Nanjing, China (H.M., Z.L.)
| | - Shuya Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Jie Xu, A.W., X.M., G.Y., S.L., H.Z., X.C., Yilong Wang, X.Z., Yongjun Wang)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (Jie Xu, A.W., X.M., G.Y., S.L., H.Z., X.C., Yilong Wang, X.Z., Yongjun Wang)
| | - Huaguang Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Jie Xu, A.W., X.M., G.Y., S.L., H.Z., X.C., Yilong Wang, X.Z., Yongjun Wang)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (Jie Xu, A.W., X.M., G.Y., S.L., H.Z., X.C., Yilong Wang, X.Z., Yongjun Wang)
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Jie Xu, A.W., X.M., G.Y., S.L., H.Z., X.C., Yilong Wang, X.Z., Yongjun Wang)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (Jie Xu, A.W., X.M., G.Y., S.L., H.Z., X.C., Yilong Wang, X.Z., Yongjun Wang)
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Jie Xu, A.W., X.M., G.Y., S.L., H.Z., X.C., Yilong Wang, X.Z., Yongjun Wang)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (Jie Xu, A.W., X.M., G.Y., S.L., H.Z., X.C., Yilong Wang, X.Z., Yongjun Wang)
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Jie Xu, A.W., X.M., G.Y., S.L., H.Z., X.C., Yilong Wang, X.Z., Yongjun Wang)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (Jie Xu, A.W., X.M., G.Y., S.L., H.Z., X.C., Yilong Wang, X.Z., Yongjun Wang)
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Jie Xu, A.W., X.M., G.Y., S.L., H.Z., X.C., Yilong Wang, X.Z., Yongjun Wang)
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Gül N, Grewal S, Bögels M, van der Bij GJ, Koppes MMA, Oosterling SJ, Fluitsma DM, Hoeben KA, Beelen RHJ, van Egmond M. Macrophages mediate colon carcinoma cell adhesion in the rat liver after exposure to lipopolysaccharide. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1517-1526. [PMID: 23264898 PMCID: PMC3525607 DOI: 10.4161/onci.22303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The surgical resection of primary colorectal cancer is associated with an enhanced risk of liver metastases. Moreover, bacterial translocation or anastomic leakage during resection has been shown to correlate with a poor long-term surgical outcome, suggesting that bacterial products may contribute to the formation of metastases. Driven by these premises, we investigated the role of the bacterial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the generation of liver metastases. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS led to enhanced tumor-cell adhesion to the rat liver as early as 1.5 h post-administration. Furthermore, a rapid loss of the expression of the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) was observed, suggesting that LPS disrupts the integrity of the microvasculature. LPS addition to endothelial-macrophage co-cultures damaged endothelial monolayers and caused the formation of intercellular gaps, which was accompanied by increased tumor-cell adhesion. These results suggest that macrophages are involved in the endothelial damage resulting from exposure to LPS. Interestingly, the expression levels of of ZO-1 were not affected by LPS treatment in rats in which liver macrophages had been depleted as well as in rats that had been treated with a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. In both settings, decreased tumor-cell adhesion was observed. Taken together, our findings indicate that LPS induces ROS release by macrophages, resulting in the damage of the vascular lining of the liver and hence allowing increased tumor-cell adherence. Thus, peri-operative treatments that prevent the activation of macrophages and—as a consequence—limit endothelial damage and tumor-cell adhesion may significantly improve the long-term outcome of cancer patients undergoing surgical tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Gül
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Kannan A, Delgardo M, Pennington-FitzGerald W, Jiang EX, Christophe BR, Connolly ES. Pharmacological management of cerebral ischemia in the elderly. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 22:897-906. [PMID: 33382005 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1856815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: For elderly adults in the United States, stroke is the fifth leading cause of death of which ischemic strokes comprise a vast majority. Optimal pharmacological management of elderly ischemic stroke patients involves both reperfusion and supportive care. Recent research into pharmacological management has focused on vascular, immunomodulatory, cytoprotective, and alternative agents, some of which have shown limited success in clinical trials. However, no treatments have been established as a reliable mode for management of cerebral ischemia for elderly adults beyond acute thrombolysis.Areas covered: The authors conducted a literature search for ischemic stroke management in the elderly and a search for human drug studies for managing ischemic stroke on clinicaltrials.gov. Here, they describe recent progress in the pharmacological management of cerebral ischemia in the elderly.Expert opinion: Many drug classes (antihypertensive, cytoprotective and immunomodulatory, and alternative agents) have been explored with limited success in managing ischemic stroke, though some have shown preventative benefits. We generally observed a broad gap in evidence on elderly patients from studies across all drug classes, necessitating further studies to gain an understanding of effective management of ischemic stroke in this large demographic of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Kannan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mychael Delgardo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Enoch X Jiang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandon R Christophe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Sander Connolly
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Protective Impact of Edaravone Against ZnO NPs-induced Oxidative Stress in the Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cell Line. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:1189-1210. [PMID: 33222098 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Extensive applications of ZnO NPs (zinc oxide nanoparticles) in daily life have created concern about their biotoxicity. Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in neurons. Edaravone applies antioxidant agent and anti-inflammatory impacts in the different cells, as evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. This study is designed to explore, how edaravone would avert mitochondrial impairment in human neuronal cells against ZnO NPs-induced toxicity. Accordingly, we analyzed here whether a pretreatment (for 24 h) with edaravone (10-100 μM) would enhance mitochondrial protection in the human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y against ZnO NPs-induced toxicity. We found that edaravone at 25 μM averted the ZnO NPs-induced decrease in the amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), just as on the activity of the complexes I and V. Also, edaravone induced an antioxidant activity by diminishing the levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and protein nitration in the mitochondrial membranes. Edaravone blocked the ZnO NPs-induced transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) upregulation. The inhibition of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme by zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP IX, 10 μM) smothered the preventive impacts brought about by edaravone with respect to mitochondrial function and inflammation. After this examination, it can be concluded that edaravone caused cytoprotective impacts in an HO-1-dependent manner in SH-SY5Y cells against ZnO NPs-induced toxicity.
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Paul S, Candelario-Jalil E. Emerging neuroprotective strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke: An overview of clinical and preclinical studies. Exp Neurol 2020; 335:113518. [PMID: 33144066 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disability and thesecond leading cause of death worldwide. With the global population aged 65 and over growing faster than all other age groups, the incidence of stroke is also increasing. In addition, there is a shift in the overall stroke burden towards younger age groups, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Stroke in most cases is caused due to an abrupt blockage of an artery (ischemic stroke), but in some instances stroke may be caused due to bleeding into brain tissue when a blood vessel ruptures (hemorrhagic stroke). Although treatment options for stroke are still limited, with the advancement in recanalization therapy using both pharmacological and mechanical thrombolysis some progress has been made in helping patients recover from ischemic stroke. However, there is still a substantial need for the development of therapeutic agents for neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke to protect the brain from damage prior to and during recanalization, extend the therapeutic time window for intervention and further improve functional outcome. The current review has assessed the past challenges in developing neuroprotective strategies, evaluated the recent advances in clinical trials, discussed the recent initiative by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in USA for the search of novel neuroprotectants (Stroke Preclinical Assessment Network, SPAN) and identified emerging neuroprotectants being currently evaluated in preclinical studies. The underlying molecular mechanism of each of the neuroprotective strategies have also been summarized, which could assist in the development of future strategies for combinational therapy in stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Paul
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Choi DW. Excitotoxicity: Still Hammering the Ischemic Brain in 2020. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:579953. [PMID: 33192266 PMCID: PMC7649323 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.579953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in excitotoxicity expanded following its implication in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury in the 1980s, but waned subsequent to the failure of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists in high profile clinical stroke trials. Nonetheless there has been steady progress in elucidating underlying mechanisms. This review will outline the historical path to current understandings of excitotoxicity in the ischemic brain, and suggest that this knowledge should be leveraged now to develop neuroprotective treatments for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W Choi
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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Shakkour Z, Habashy KJ, Berro M, Takkoush S, Abdelhady S, Koleilat N, Eid AH, Zibara K, Obeid M, Shear D, Mondello S, Wang KK, Kobeissy F. Drug Repurposing in Neurological Disorders: Implications for Neurotherapy in Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuroscientist 2020; 27:620-649. [PMID: 33089741 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420961078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant leading cause of death and disability among adults and children globally. To date, there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs that can substantially attenuate the sequelae of TBI. The innumerable challenges faced by the conventional de novo discovery of new pharmacological agents led to the emergence of alternative paradigm, which is drug repurposing. Repurposing of existing drugs with well-characterized mechanisms of action and human safety profiles is believed to be a promising strategy for novel drug use. Compared to the conventional discovery pathways, drug repurposing is less costly, relatively rapid, and poses minimal risk of the adverse outcomes to study on participants. In recent years, drug repurposing has covered a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders including brain injury. This review highlights the advances in drug repurposing and presents some of the promising candidate drugs for potential TBI treatment along with their possible mechanisms of neuroprotection. Edaravone, glyburide, ceftriaxone, levetiracetam, and progesterone have been selected due to their potential role as putative TBI neurotherapeutic agents. These drugs are Food and Drug Administration-approved for purposes other than brain injuries; however, preclinical and clinical studies have shown their efficacy in ameliorating the various detrimental outcomes of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaynab Shakkour
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Moussa Berro
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samira Takkoush
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samar Abdelhady
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nadia Koleilat
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Makram Obeid
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Deborah Shear
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection/Neurorestoration, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Kevin K Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Yamato K, Nakajo Y, Yamamoto-Imoto H, Kokame K, Miyata T, Takahashi JC, Kataoka H, Yanamoto H. Low-Dose Activated Protein C Suppresses the Development of Cerebral Infarction and Neurological Deficits in Mice. NEUROSURGERY OPEN 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/neuopn/okaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
A large prospective study previously reported that a higher plasma level of protein C (PC) was associated with a lower incidence of ischemic stroke.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the neuroprotective properties of activated PC (APC) against acute ischemic stroke using the 3-vessel occlusion model.
METHODS
Male C57BL/6J mice received APC (human APC) at 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 (low dose) or 2.0, 4.0, or 8.0 mg/kg (high dose). Edaravone (Eda) (1.0, 3.0, or 10 mg/kg, a neuroprotectant approved for use in Japan), albumin (2.0 mg/kg), heparin (100 or 600 U/kg), or saline was used as the control. The drug or control was administered intravenously twice in the initial 24 h or 5 times in 3 d, starting 5 min after the induction of ischemia.
RESULTS
Low-dose APC significantly reduced lesion volumes, not affecting the depth of ischemia. High-dose APC did not significantly reduce lesion volumes, causing hemorrhagic transformation in some cases. In the chronic phase, lesion volumes were significantly suppressed in the APC or Eda group, and only the APC group showed a significant attenuation of neurological deficits. The protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 antagonist SCH79797, administered during preischemia, completely abolished APC-induced neuroprotection. The overshoot-like abrupt recovery in regional cerebral blood flow observed in the control in the initial reperfusion phase was significantly suppressed by the APC treatment, indicating that the cerebral autoregulation system, consisting of endothelial cells and blood-brain barrier functions, was preserved.
CONCLUSION
Low-dose APC, potentially via the PAR-1-dependent anti-inflammatory cascade, protects the brain against ischemic stroke without increasing the risk of hemorrhagic transformation or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Yamato
- Laboratory of Neurology and Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Yukako Nakajo
- Laboratory of Neurology and Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
- Research Laboratories, Rakuwa-kai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitomi Yamamoto-Imoto
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Koichi Kokame
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Miyata
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Jun C Takahashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroharu Kataoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroji Yanamoto
- Laboratory of Neurology and Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Division of Surgical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Zhang X, Peng K, Zhang X. The Function of the NMDA Receptor in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:567665. [PMID: 33117117 PMCID: PMC7573650 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.567665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the main forms of neonatal brain injury which could lead to neonatal disability or even cause neonatal death. Therefore, HIE strongly affects the health of newborns and brings heavy burden to the family and society. It has been well studied that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are involved in the excitotoxicity induced by hypoxia ischemia in adult brain. Recently, it has been shown that the NMDA receptor also plays important roles in HIE. In the present review, we made a summary of the molecular mechanism of NMDA receptor in the pathological process of HIE, focusing on the distinct role of GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor subtypes and aiming to provide some insights into the clinical treatment and drug development of HIE.
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Ismail H, Shakkour Z, Tabet M, Abdelhady S, Kobaisi A, Abedi R, Nasrallah L, Pintus G, Al-Dhaheri Y, Mondello S, El-Khoury R, Eid AH, Kobeissy F, Salameh J. Traumatic Brain Injury: Oxidative Stress and Novel Anti-Oxidants Such as Mitoquinone and Edaravone. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100943. [PMID: 33019512 PMCID: PMC7601591 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern worldwide and is classified based on severity into mild, moderate, and severe. The mechanical injury in TBI leads to a metabolic and ionic imbalance, which eventually leads to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a state of oxidative stress. To date, no drug has been approved by the food and drug administration (FDA) for the treatment of TBI. Nevertheless, it is thought that targeting the pathology mechanisms would alleviate the consequences of TBI. For that purpose, antioxidants have been considered as treatment options in TBI and were shown to have a neuroprotective effect. In this review, we will discuss oxidative stress in TBI, the history of antioxidant utilization in the treatment of TBI, and we will focus on two novel antioxidants, mitoquinone (MitoQ) and edaravone. MitoQ can cross the blood brain barrier and cellular membranes to accumulate in the mitochondria and is thought to activate the Nrf2/ARE pathway leading to an increase in the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Edaravone is a free radical scavenger that leads to the mitigation of damage resulting from oxidative stress with a possible association to the activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Ismail
- Department of Neurology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Zaynab Shakkour
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (Z.S.); (M.T.); (A.K.); (R.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Maha Tabet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (Z.S.); (M.T.); (A.K.); (R.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Samar Abdelhady
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt;
| | - Abir Kobaisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (Z.S.); (M.T.); (A.K.); (R.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Reem Abedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (Z.S.); (M.T.); (A.K.); (R.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Leila Nasrallah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (Z.S.); (M.T.); (A.K.); (R.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Yusra Al-Dhaheri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, UAE;
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy;
| | - Riyad El-Khoury
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: (A.H.E.); (F.K.); (J.S.); Tel.: +961-1-350000 (ext. 4891) (A.H.E.); +961-1-350000 (ext. 4805) (F.K.); +961-1-350000 (ext. 7359) (J.S.)
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (Z.S.); (M.T.); (A.K.); (R.A.); (L.N.)
- Correspondence: (A.H.E.); (F.K.); (J.S.); Tel.: +961-1-350000 (ext. 4891) (A.H.E.); +961-1-350000 (ext. 4805) (F.K.); +961-1-350000 (ext. 7359) (J.S.)
| | - Johnny Salameh
- Department of Neurology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
- Correspondence: (A.H.E.); (F.K.); (J.S.); Tel.: +961-1-350000 (ext. 4891) (A.H.E.); +961-1-350000 (ext. 4805) (F.K.); +961-1-350000 (ext. 7359) (J.S.)
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50
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Casas AI, Nogales C, Mucke HAM, Petraina A, Cuadrado A, Rojo AI, Ghezzi P, Jaquet V, Augsburger F, Dufrasne F, Soubhye J, Deshwal S, Di Sante M, Kaludercic N, Di Lisa F, Schmidt HHHW. On the Clinical Pharmacology of Reactive Oxygen Species. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:801-828. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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