1
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Cui G, Liu H, Laugsand JB. Endothelial cells-directed angiogenesis in colorectal cancer: Interleukin as the mediator and pharmacological target. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109525. [PMID: 36508917 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced angiogenesis is a cancer hallmark and critical for colorectal cancer (CRC) invasion and metastasis. Upon exposure to proangiogenic factors, therefore, targeting tumor-associated proangiogenic factors/receptors hold great promise as a therapeutic modality to treat CRC, particularly metastatic CRC. Accumulating evidence from numerous studies suggests that tumor endothelial cells (ECs) are not only the target of proangiogenic factors, but also function as the cellular source of proangiogenic factors. Studies showed that ECs can produce different proangiogenic factors to participate in the regulation of angiogenesis process, in which ECs-derived interleukins (ILs) show a potential stimulatory effect on angiogenesis via either an direct action on their receptors expressed on progenitor of ECs or an indirect way through enhanced production of other proangiogenic factors. Although a great deal of attention is given to the effects of tumor-derived and immune cell-derived ILs, few studies describe the potential effects of vascular ECs-derived ILs on the tumor angiogenesis process. This review provides an updated summary of available information on proangiogenic ILs, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-22, IL-33, IL-34, and IL-37, released by microvascular ECs as potential drivers of the tumor angiogenesis process and discusses their potential as a novel candidate for antiangiogenic target for the treatment of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Cui
- Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Faculty of Health Science, Nord University, Campus Levanger, Norway.
| | - Hanzhe Liu
- School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Wang FT, Sun W, Zhang JT, Fan YZ. Cancer-associated fibroblast regulation of tumor neo-angiogenesis as a therapeutic target in cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3055-3065. [PMID: 30867734 PMCID: PMC6396119 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate blood supply is essential for tumor survival, growth and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is dynamic and complex, comprising cancer cells, cancer-associated stromal cells and their extracellular products. The TME serves an important role in tumor progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the principal component of stromal cells within the TME, and contribute to tumor neo-angiogenesis by altering the proteome and degradome. The present paper reviews previous studies of the molecular signaling pathways by which CAFs promote tumor neo-angiogenesis and highlights therapeutic response targets. Also discussed are potential strategies for antitumor neo-angiogenesis to improve tumor treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Tao Wang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Tao Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Zu Fan
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
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3
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Abstract
The last 100 years have seen a dramatic alteration in the treatment of cancer. Aside from small molecule inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinases, monoclonal antibodies have also been found to provide valuable therapeutic approaches for modulating tumour pathophysiology. As our knowledge of cancer biology improves, the specificity of this new generation of drugs is generally delivering an improved therapeutic ratio compared to traditional cytotoxic agents. However, patient selection through the use of biomarkers is key in optimising efficacy and improving cost-effectiveness. The most recent wave of revolutionary new systemic therapy approaches to cancer has arrived in recent years in the form of immune checkpoint inhibitors, now clinically validated as modulators of immune-regulatory pathways. The future of oncology therapeutics includes a combination of cytotoxic agents, targeted therapies and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Spicer
- King's Health Partners at Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
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4
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Yamada Y, Arai T, Kojima S, Sugawara S, Kato M, Okato A, Yamazaki K, Naya Y, Ichikawa T, Seki N. Regulation of antitumor miR-144-5p targets oncogenes: Direct regulation of syndecan-3 and its clinical significance. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2919-2936. [PMID: 29968393 PMCID: PMC6125479 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human genome, miR-451a, miR-144-5p (passenger strand), and miR-144-3p (guide strand) reside in clustered microRNA (miRNA) sequences located within the 17q11.2 region. Low expression of these miRNAs is significantly associated with poor prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (miR-451a: P = .00305; miR-144-5p: P = .00128; miR-144-3p: P = 9.45 × 10-5 ). We previously reported that miR-451a acted as an antitumor miRNA in RCC cells. Involvement of the passenger strand of the miR-144 duplex in the pathogenesis of RCC is not well understood. Functional assays showed that miR-144-5p and miR-144-3p significantly reduced cancer cell migration and invasive abilities, suggesting these miRNAs acted as antitumor miRNAs in RCC cells. Analyses of miR-144-5p targets identified a total of 65 putative oncogenic targets in RCC cells. Among them, high expression levels of 9 genes (FAM64A, F2, TRIP13, ANKRD36, CENPF, NCAPG, CLEC2D, SDC3, and SEMA4B) were significantly associated with poor prognosis (P < .001). Among these targets, expression of SDC3 was directly controlled by miR-144-5p, and its expression enhanced cancer cell aggressiveness. We identified genes downstream by SDC3 regulation. Data showed that expression of 10 of the downstream genes (IL18RAP, SDC3, SH2D1A, GZMH, KIF21B, TMC8, GAB3, HLA-DPB2, PLEK, and C1QB) significantly predicted poor prognosis of the patients (P = .0064). These data indicated that the antitumor miR-144-5p/oncogenic SDC3 axis was deeply involved in RCC pathogenesis. Clustered miRNAs (miR-451a, miR-144-5p, and miR-144-3p) acted as antitumor miRNAs, and their targets were intimately involved in RCC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Yamada
- Department of Functional GenomicsChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Takayuki Arai
- Department of Functional GenomicsChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Satoko Kojima
- Department of UrologyTeikyo University Chiba Medical CenterIchiharaJapan
| | - Sho Sugawara
- Department of Functional GenomicsChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Mayuko Kato
- Department of Functional GenomicsChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Atsushi Okato
- Department of Functional GenomicsChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Kazuto Yamazaki
- Department of PathologyTeikyo University Chiba Medical CenterIchiharaJapan
| | - Yukio Naya
- Department of UrologyTeikyo University Chiba Medical CenterIchiharaJapan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of UrologyChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Department of Functional GenomicsChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
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5
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Yin Y, Lee JE, Kim NW, Lee JH, Lim SY, Kim ES, Park JW, Lee MS, Jeong JH. Inhibition of Tumor Growth via Systemic siRNA Delivery Using Reducible Bile Acid-Conjugated Polyethylenimine. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10090953. [PMID: 30960878 PMCID: PMC6403700 DOI: 10.3390/polym10090953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi), mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA), has been considered as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer owing to its ability to suppress target genes in a sequence-specific manner. In this study, a conjugate of the low molecular weight (MW) polyethylenimine (PEI) (MW 1800) and deoxycholic acid (DA) was further modified with 4-fluorothiophenol (FTP) (TP-DA-PEI) to achieve systemic siRNA delivery. The thiophenol group would be involved with disulfide bonds between the polymer chains and siRNA modified with free thiols (thiol-siRNA) to form and π–π interactions between the pendent aromatic groups and coprostane ring of the bile acid. The TP-DA-PEI conjugates could generate stable nanoparticles with thiol-siRNA. The TP-DA-PEI conjugate not only achieved enhanced intracellular uptake, serum stability, and transfection efficiency, but also showed high accumulation of TP-DA-PEI/thiol-siRNA polyplexes and significant tumor growth inhibition effect in tumor-bearing mice after systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Nak Won Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Jong Han Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Su Yeon Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - E Seul Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Ji Won Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Min Sang Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
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6
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Karim ME, Tha KK, Othman I, Borhan Uddin M, Chowdhury EH. Therapeutic Potency of Nanoformulations of siRNAs and shRNAs in Animal Models of Cancers. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E65. [PMID: 29861465 PMCID: PMC6026921 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA Interference (RNAi) has brought revolutionary transformations in cancer management in the past two decades. RNAi-based therapeutics including siRNA and shRNA have immense scope to silence the expression of mutant cancer genes specifically in a therapeutic context. Although tremendous progress has been made to establish catalytic RNA as a new class of biologics for cancer management, a lot of extracellular and intracellular barriers still pose a long-lasting challenge on the way to clinical approval. A series of chemically suitable, safe and effective viral and non-viral carriers have emerged to overcome physiological barriers and ensure targeted delivery of RNAi. The newly invented carriers, delivery techniques and gene editing technology made current treatment protocols stronger to fight cancer. This review has provided a platform about the chronicle of siRNA development and challenges of RNAi therapeutics for laboratory to bedside translation focusing on recent advancement in siRNA delivery vehicles with their limitations. Furthermore, an overview of several animal model studies of siRNA- or shRNA-based cancer gene therapy over the past 15 years has been presented, highlighting the roles of genes in multiple cancers, pharmacokinetic parameters and critical evaluation. The review concludes with a future direction for the development of catalytic RNA vehicles and design strategies to make RNAi-based cancer gene therapy more promising to surmount cancer gene delivery challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Emranul Karim
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kyi Kyi Tha
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Borhan Uddin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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7
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of thiabendazole derivatives as anti-angiogenesis and vascular disrupting agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3774-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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8
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Ahmed HU, Arya M, Patel HRH. Bladder carcinoma: understanding advanced and metastatic disease with potential molecular therapeutic targets. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 5:1011-22. [PMID: 16336092 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.5.6.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This article is an expert review of bladder cancer genetics focusing on genetic changes and their significance in the pathogenesis and progression of bladder transitional cell carcinoma, in particular, muscle-invasive disease. Alongside the relevant genetic markers and their products, new therapeutic targets and agents that are being developed are presented.
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9
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Cui J, Xu G, Liu J, Pang Z, Florholmen J, Cui G. The Expression of Non-Mast Histamine in Tumor Associated Microvessels in Human Colorectal Cancers. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 19:311-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Novel 1,4-benzoxazine and 1,4-benzodioxine inhibitors of angiogenesis. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 58:160-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Li YH, Shi QS, Du J, Jin LF, Du LF, Liu PF, Duan YR. Targeted delivery of biodegradable nanoparticles with ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction-mediated hVEGF-siRNA transfection in human PC-3 cells in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2012; 31:163-71. [PMID: 23138749 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A potentially viable approach for treating late-stage prostate cancer is gene therapy. Successful gene therapy requires safe and efficient delivery systems. In this study, we report the efficient delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) via the use of biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) made from monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly-l-lysine (mPEG-PLGA-PLL) triblock copolymers. On the basis of previous findings, cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (cRGD) peptides were conjugated to NPs to recognize the target site, integrin αvβ3, expressed in high levels in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. The suppression of angiogenesis by the downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression has been widely used to inhibit the growth of malignant tumors. In our study, human VEGF (hVEGF)-siRNA was encapsulated in NPs to inhibit VEGF expression in PC-3 cells. Concurrently, sonoporation induced by ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) was utilized for the delivery of siRNA-loaded NPs. Our results showed low cytotoxicity and high gene transfection efficiency, demonstrating that the targeted delivery of biodegradable NPs with UTMD may be potentially applied as new vector system for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hua Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
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12
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Cancer Immunotherapy by Retargeting of Immune Effector Cells via Recombinant Bispecific Antibody Constructs. Antibodies (Basel) 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/antib1020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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13
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El-mahdy K, Abdel-Rahman R. Biological Evaluation of Pyrimidopyrimidines as Multi-Targeted Small Molecule Inhibitors and Resistance Modifying Agents. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-12-745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Mason RP, Zhao D, Liu L, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. A perspective on vascular disrupting agents that interact with tubulin: preclinical tumor imaging and biological assessment. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:375-87. [PMID: 21321746 PMCID: PMC3071431 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00135j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment provides a rich source of potential targets for selective therapeutic intervention with properly designed anticancer agents. Significant physiological differences exist between the microvessels that nourish tumors and those that supply healthy tissue. Selective drug-mediated damage of these tortuous and chaotic microvessels starves a tumor of necessary nutrients and oxygen and eventually leads to massive tumor necrosis. Vascular targeting strategies in oncology are divided into two separate groups: angiogenesis inhibiting agents (AIAs) and vascular disrupting agents (VDAs). The mechanisms of action between these two classes of compounds are profoundly distinct. The AIAs inhibit the actual formation of new vessels, while the VDAs damage and/or destroy existing tumor vasculature. One subset of small-molecule VDAs functions by inhibiting the assembly of tubulin into microtubules, thus causing morphology changes to the endothelial cells lining the tumor vasculature, triggered by a cascade of cell signaling events. Ultimately this results in catastrophic damage to the vessels feeding the tumor. The rapid emergence and subsequent development of the VDA field over the past decade has led to the establishment of a synergistic combination of preclinical state-of-the-art tumor imaging and biological evaluation strategies that are often indicative of future clinical efficacy for a given VDA. This review focuses on an integration of the appropriate biochemical and biological tools necessary to assess (preclinically) new small-molecule, tubulin active VDAs for their potential to be clinically effective anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph P. Mason
- Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9058 USA
| | - Dawen Zhao
- Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9058 USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9058 USA
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, USA
| | - Kevin G. Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, USA
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15
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Taylor SK, Chia S, Dent S, Clemons M, Agulnik M, Grenci P, Wang L, Oza AM, Ivy P, Pritchard KI, Leighl NB. A phase II study of pazopanib in patients with recurrent or metastatic invasive breast carcinoma: a trial of the Princess Margaret Hospital phase II consortium. Oncologist 2010; 15:810-8. [PMID: 20682606 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Angiogenesis is an important hallmark of breast cancer growth and progression. Pazopanib, an oral small molecule inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and KIT, has activity across a range of solid tumors. We evaluated the activity of single-agent pazopanib in recurrent or metastatic breast cancer (MBC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with recurrent breast cancer or MBC, treated with up to two prior lines of chemotherapy, were eligible to receive pazopanib, 800 mg daily until progression. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate as measured by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Secondary endpoints included time to progression, the stable disease rate, and toxicity. Using a two-stage design, confirmed response in three of 18 patients was required to proceed to stage 2. RESULTS Twenty evaluable patients were treated, with a median age of 56 years; 70% were estrogen receptor positive, all were human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative. The majority had one or two prior lines of chemotherapy. One patient (5%) had a partial response, 11 (55%) had stable disease (SD) [four (20%) with SD > or = 6 months], and seven (35%) had progressive disease as their best response. One (5%) was not evaluable. The median time to progression was 5.3 months. Pazopanib did not cause significant severe toxicity aside from grade 3-4 transaminitis, hypertension, and neutropenia in three patients each (14% each) and grade 3 gastrointestinal hemorrhage in one patient (5%). CONCLUSION Pazopanib provides disease stability in advanced breast cancer. The activity seen is comparable with that of other antiangiogenic agents in this setting. Pazopanib may be of interest for future studies in breast cancer, including in combination with other systemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Taylor
- 5-105 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
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16
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Shapira S, Lisiansky V, Arber N, Kraus S. Targeted immunotherapy for colorectal cancer: monoclonal antibodies and immunotoxins. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19 Suppl 1:S67-77. [PMID: 20374033 DOI: 10.1517/13543781003737668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health concern worldwide. It is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death. There currently are a number of treatment options for CRC, however many of them have failed to demonstrate desired therapeutic benefit. Therefore, significant efforts are being directed towards the development of new biological therapies with improved efficacy. Immunotherapy is an emerging treatment modality for a variety of cancers. Several promising treatments have already been approved by the US FDA and are being tested in clinical trials. Antibodies have been proved to be useful in cancer therapy due to their ability to recognize tumor-associated antigens expressed at higher density on malignant cells in comparison with those that are normal. Antibodies can be used as a single therapy or in combination with other therapies. A large variety of monoclonal antibodies have been developed. However, only a very few are able to kill a sufficient number of malignant cells and cause tumor regression. Hence, it is often necessary to arm the antibody with a cytotoxic agent to enhance the efficacy of the anti-tumor activity. This review provides a brief overview of some of the current agents being employed in targeted immunotherapy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Shapira
- The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Israel
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17
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Abstract
Age-associated changes within an individual are inherently complex and occur at multiple levels of organismal function. The overall decline in function of various tissues is known to play a key role in both aging and the complex etiology of certain age-associated diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer. Continuing research highlights the dynamic capacity of polyphenols to protect against age-associated disorders through a variety of important mechanisms. Numerous lines of evidence suggest that dietary polyphenols such as resveratrol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and curcumin have the capacity to mitigate age-associated cellular damage induced via metabolic production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, recently acquired evidence also demonstrates a likely role for these polyphenols as anticancer agents capable of preventing formation of new vasculature in neoplastic tissues. Polyphenols have also been shown to possess other anticancer properties such as specific cell-signaling actions that may stimulate the activity of the regulatory protein SIRT1. Additionally, polyphenolic compounds have demonstrated their inhibitory effects against chronic vascular inflammation associated with atherosclerosis. These increasingly well-documented results have begun to provide a basis for considering the use of polyphenols in the development of novel therapies for certain human diseases. And while the mechanisms by which these effects occur are yet to be fully understood, it is evident that further investigation may yield a potential use for polyphenols as pharmacological interventions against specific age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brannon L Queen
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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18
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Moscatilin, a bibenzyl derivative from the India orchid Dendrobrium loddigesii, suppresses tumor angiogenesis and growth in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett 2010; 292:163-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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19
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Tumor-associated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis correlate with progression of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105:1123-32. [PMID: 19997097 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2009.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about the function of tumor-associated neovascularization in the progression of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC). This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of tumor-associated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis on progression of IHC. METHODS We analyzed tissue specimens of IHC (N=114) by immunohistochemistry using the endothelial-specific antibody CD31 and the lymphendothelial-specific antibody D2-40 and subsequently quantified microvessel density (MVD) and lymphatic microvessel density (LVD). To analyze the influence of tumor-associated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis on tumor progression, tumors were allocated according to mean MVD and LVD, respectively, into groups of "high" and "low" MVD and LVD, respectively, and various clinicopathological characteristics as well as recurrence and survival data were analyzed. RESULTS IHC revealed an induction of tumor-associated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Tumors of "high" MVD displayed more frequently advanced primary tumor stages and multiple tumor nodes. Furthermore, patients with tumors of "high" MVD had an inferior curative resection rate and suffered more frequently from recurrence. A "high" LVD was correlated with increased nodal spread, and patients with "high" LVD tumors more frequently developed recurrence. In the univariate analysis, MVD and LVD revealed significant influence on survival, and MVD was identified as an independent prognostic factor for survival in the multivariate analysis. The 5-year survival of patients with "low" MVD tumors was 42.1%, compared with 2.2% in patients with "high" MVD tumors (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a critical function of tumor-associated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis for progression of IHC. Therefore, antiangiogenic and antilymphangiogenic approaches may have therapeutic potency in this tumor entity.
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Reikvam H, Hatfield KJ, Lassalle P, Olsnes Kittang A, Ersvær E, Bruserud Ø. Targeting the angiopoietin (Ang)/Tie-2 pathway in the crosstalk between acute myeloid leukaemia and endothelial cells: studies of Tie-2 blocking antibodies, exogenous Ang-2 and inhibition of constitutive agonistic Ang-1 release. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19:169-83. [DOI: 10.1517/13543780903485659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zangari M, Fink LM, Elice F, Zhan F, Adcock DM, Tricot GJ. Thrombotic events in patients with cancer receiving antiangiogenesis agents. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:4865-73. [PMID: 19704059 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.22.3875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated neoangiogenesis has recently become a suitable target for antineoplastic drug development. In this overview, we discuss specific drug-associated hemostatic complications, the already known pathogenetic mechanisms involved, and the effect of varying antithrombotic strategies. Multiple agents with angiogenic inhibitory capacity (thalidomide, lenalidomide, bevacizumab, sunitinib, sorafenib, and sirolimus) have obtained US Food and Drug Administration approval, and many others have entered clinical trials. Arterial and venous thromboembolism and hemorrhage have emerged as significant toxicities associated with the use of angiogenesis inhibitors. We present a detailed analysis of the literature on thrombotic complication of antiangiogenic drugs. Close attention to hemostatic complications during antiangiogenic treatment is warranted. Further studies are required to better understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved and to define a safe prophylactic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Zangari
- University of Utah, Division of Hematology, Blood/Marrow Transplant and Myeloma Program, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Soares AB, de Araújo VC, Juliano PB, Altemani A. Angiogenic and lymphangiogenic microvessel density in recurrent pleomorphic adenoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2009; 38:623-9. [PMID: 19563505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (RPA) is an uncommon and challenging disease. The aim of this study was to determine if there is a difference between RPA and the pleomorphic adenoma (PA) without recurrence related to tumor blood and lymphatic vascularization. Moreover, we compared the microvessel density (MVD) between cell-rich areas (predominance of epithelial cells) and cell-poor areas (predominance of myxoid and chondroid areas) of the stroma of PA and RPA. In addition, immunohistochemical staining for the Ki-67 antigen was conducted simultaneously to evaluate cell proliferation in PA and RPA. METHODS A total of 19 cases of PA and 24 cases of RPA, blood, and lymphatic vessels were analyzed by immunohistochemical technique using the antibodies CD34, CD105, D2-40, and Ki-67. RESULTS Comparing no recurrent with recurrent tumor, no significant difference was found in terms of lymphatic vessel density, MVD, and proliferation index. When MVD and proliferation index were compared with different areas in cellular composition (cell-rich and cell-poor areas), there was a significant difference in PA, as well as in RPA. CONCLUSION This study shows that although RPA presents more aggressive clinical behavior than PA, there is no difference between tumor blood and lymphatic vascularization, suggesting that there is no correlation between vascularity and risk of recurrence. Furthermore, vascularized stroma in PA, as well as RPA, depends on the proportion of the cellular composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andresa B Soares
- Centro de Pesquisa São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13 Ponte Preta, 13045-755, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Hurwitz HI, Dowlati A, Saini S, Savage S, Suttle AB, Gibson DM, Hodge JP, Merkle EM, Pandite L. Phase I trial of pazopanib in patients with advanced cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:4220-7. [PMID: 19509175 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The safety, pharmacokinetics, and clinical activity of pazopanib (GW786034), an oral angiogenesis inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and c-Kit, were evaluated in patients with advanced-stage refractory solid tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients were enrolled into sequential dose-escalating cohorts (50 mg three times weekly to 2,000 mg once daily and 300-400 mg twice daily). Escalation or deescalation was based on toxicities observed in the preceding dose cohort. Pharmacokinetic and biomarker samples were obtained. Clinical response was assessed every 9 weeks. RESULTS Sixty-three patients were treated (dose escalation, n = 43; dose expansion, n = 20). Hypertension, diarrhea, hair depigmentation, and nausea were the most frequent drug-related adverse events, the majority of which were of grade 1/2. Hypertension was the most frequent grade 3 adverse event. Four patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities at 50 mg, 800 mg, and 2,000 mg once daily. A plateau in steady-state exposure was observed at doses of >or=800 mg once daily. The mean elimination half-life at this dose was 31.1 hours. A mean target trough concentration (C(24)) >or=15 microg/mL (34 micromol/L) was achieved at 800 mg once daily. Three patients had partial responses (two confirmed, one unconfirmed), and stable disease of >or=6 months was observed in 14 patients; clinical benefit was generally observed in patients who received doses of >or=800 mg once daily or 300 mg twice daily. CONCLUSION Pazopanib was generally well tolerated and showed antitumor activity across various tumor types. A monotherapy dose of 800 mg once daily was selected for phase II studies.
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Abdiche YN, Malashock DS, Pinkerton A, Pons J. Exploring blocking assays using Octet, ProteOn, and Biacore biosensors. Anal Biochem 2009; 386:172-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 11/16/2008] [Accepted: 11/22/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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The novel Akt inhibitor Palomid 529 (P529) enhances the effect of radiotherapy in prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:932-40. [PMID: 19240717 PMCID: PMC2661786 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a common treatment for localised prostate cancer, but can cause important side effects. The therapeutic efficacy of RT can be enhanced by pharmacological compounds that target specific pathways involved in cell survival. This would elicit a similar therapeutic response using lower doses of RT and, in turn, reducing side effects. This study describes the antitumour activity of the novel Akt inhibitor 8-(1-Hydroxy-ethyl)-2-methoxy-3-(4-methoxy-benzyloxy)-benzo[c]chromen-6-one (Palomid 529 or P529) as well as its ability to decrease radiation-activated phospho-Akt (p-Akt) signalling in a prostate cancer model. P529 showed a potent antiproliferative activity in the NCI-60 cell lines panel, with growth inhibitory 50 (GI50) <35 μM. In addition, P529 significantly enhanced the antiproliferative effect of radiation in prostate cancer cells (PC-3). Analysis of signalling pathways targeted by P529 exhibited a decrease in p-Akt, VEGF, MMP-2, MMP-9, and Id-1 levels after radiation treatment. Moreover, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was also reduced. Treatment of PC-3 tumour-bearing mice with 20 mg kg−1 P529 or 6 Gy radiation dose decreased tumour size by 42.9 and 53%, respectively. Combination of both treatments resulted in 77.4% tumour shrinkage. Decreased tumour growth was due to reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis (as assessed by PCNA and caspase-3 immunostaining). Our results show the antitumour efficacy of P529 alone, and as a radiosensitiser, and suggest that this compound could be used in the future to treat human prostate cancer.
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Thelen A, Scholz A, Benckert C, Schröder M, Weichert W, Wiedenmann B, Neuhaus P, Jonas S. Microvessel density correlates with lymph node metastases and prognosis in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol 2009; 43:959-66. [PMID: 19107340 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-008-2255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neovascularization was shown to be critically involved in the progression of multiple cancers, and treatment approaches targeting tumor-associated neovascularization provide convincing results in recent years in some tumor entities. However, little is known about the tumor-associated neovascularization in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. The present study was conducted to analyze tumor-associated neovascularization in hilar cholangiocarcinoma and to determine its influence on tumor growth, metastasis, recurrence, and prognosis. METHODS We analyzed tissue specimens of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (n = 60) by immunohistochemistry using the endothelial-specific antibody CD31 and subsequently quantified the microvessel density (MVD). The MVD was correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and recurrence pattern of the tumors as well as survival of patients. RESULTS Hilar cholangiocarcinoma revealed a high degree of vascularization, with a calculated mean MVD of 28.1 +/- 14.5 vessels. Tumors with a high MVD had a significant higher incidence of lymph node involvement (P = 0.009) and local recurrence (P < 0.001). Furthermore, a high MVD was identified to be a significant overall survival disadvantage (3-year, 28% vs. 93%; 5-year, 8% vs. 78%; P < 0.001) as well as disease-free survival disadvantage (3-year, 7% vs. 88%, 5-year, 7% vs. 72%; P < 0.001), with MVD representing an independent prognostic factor for survival. CONCLUSIONS Neovascularization is associated with nodal spread as well as local recurrence and serves as an independent prognostic factor for survival after curative resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Therefore, tumor-associated neovascularization seems to be critically involved in the progression of this tumor entity. In addition, neovascularization may represent a potential target in he development of new therapeutic approaches in hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Thelen
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Kim SH, Jeong JH, Lee SH, Kim SW, Park TG. Local and systemic delivery of VEGF siRNA using polyelectrolyte complex micelles for effective treatment of cancer. J Control Release 2008; 129:107-16. [PMID: 18486981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
For efficient cancer therapy, small interfering RNA (siRNA) should be stably and efficiently delivered into the target tissue and readily taken up by cancer cells. To address these needs, a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) micelle-based siRNA delivery system was developed for anti-angiogenic gene therapy. The interaction between poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-conjugated vascular endothelial growth factor siRNA (VEGF siRNA-PEG) and polyethylenimine (PEI) led to the spontaneous formation of nanoscale polyelectrolyte complex micelles (VEGF siRNA-PEG/PEI PEC micelles), having a characteristic siRNA/PEI PEC inner core with a surrounding PEG shell layer. Intravenous as well as intratumoral administration of the PEC micelles significantly inhibited VEGF expression at the tumor tissue and suppressed tumor growth in an animal tumor model without showing any detectable inflammatory responses in mice. Upon examination of the PEC micelle distribution and in vivo optical imaging following intravenously injection, enhanced accumulation of the PEC micelles was also observed in the tumor region. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using PEC micelles as a potential carrier for therapeutic siRNAs in local and systemic treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hwa Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
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Zacharakis E, Monem M, Joseph JV, Patel HRH. Molecular therapeutic targets for bladder cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2007; 7:1691-3. [PMID: 18062742 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.7.12.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Madhusudan S, Ganesan TS. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and cancer therapy. RECENT RESULTS IN CANCER RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER KREBSFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DANS LES RECHERCHES SUR LE CANCER 2007; 172:25-44. [PMID: 17607934 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-31209-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Rosen LS, Kurzrock R, Mulay M, Van Vugt A, Purdom M, Ng C, Silverman J, Koutsoukos A, Sun YN, Bass MB, Xu RY, Polverino A, Wiezorek JS, Chang DD, Benjamin R, Herbst RS. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of AMG 706, an oral multikinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:2369-76. [PMID: 17557949 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.07.8170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE AMG 706 is an investigational, orally bioavailable inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2, and 3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and stem-cell factor receptor. This phase I, dose-finding study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of AMG 706 in patients with refractory advanced solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS AMG 706 was administered at escalating doses of 50 to 175 mg once daily or 25 mg bid for the first 21 days of a 28-day cycle. The 125-mg once-daily dose was also administered continuously. The maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics, tumor response, and serum levels of proangiogenic markers were determined. RESULTS Seventy-one patients received AMG 706. The MTD was 125 mg once daily administered continuously. The most frequent adverse events were fatigue (55%), diarrhea (51%), nausea (44%), and hypertension (42%). Plasma AMG 706 concentrations increased in a dose-proportional manner with no accumulation after multiple doses. Five patients (7%) had a partial response, 35 patients (49%) had stable disease (at least through day 50), and 31 patients (44%) had progressive disease. Changes in tumor size correlated significantly with an increase in placental growth factor (P = .003) and a decrease in soluble kinase domain receptor (P = .001). CONCLUSION In this study of patients with advanced refractory solid tumors, AMG 706 was well tolerated and displayed favorable pharmacokinetics and evidence of antitumor activity. Additional studies of AMG 706 as monotherapy and in combination with various agents are ongoing.
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Hu Y, Hou X, Li D, Chen W, Wang H, Zhang X. Effects of shRNA targeting VEGF on VEGF mRNA expression in gastric cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 27:41-3. [PMID: 17393106 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-007-0112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the inhibitory effect of plasmid-mediated short hairpin RNA targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the expression of VEGF mRNA in human gastric cancer cells, a plasmid vector for transcribing specific short hairpin RNA targeting VEGF (pU6-VEGF) was constructed, and then transfected into human gastric cancer cells using Lipofectamine2000. The VEGF mRNA expression level was detected by RT-PCR. RPMI1640 was used for blank control, and pSilencer 1.0-U6 empty plasmid for the negative control. Results showed the clone and sequence analysis revealed that the recombinant plasmid vector of pU6-VEGF was successfully constructed. The VEGF mRNA expression levels in blank control group, experimental group (pU6-VEGF) and negative control group (pSilencer1.0-U6) were 100%, 49% and 94%, respectively, indicating VEGF mRNA expression in the cells transfected with pU-VEGF vector was inhibited significantly as compared with blank control group and negative control group. It was concluded that the short hairpin RNA could significantly inhibit the expression of VEGF mRNA, which provided an experimental basis for treating human cancer with anti-angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahua Hu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Murugesan S, Mousa SA, O’Connor LJ, Lincoln DW, Linhardt RJ. Carbon inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor- and fibroblast growth factor-promoted angiogenesis. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:1157-60. [PMID: 17331505 PMCID: PMC1994254 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is important for normal growth and wound healing processes. An imbalance of the growth factors involved in this process, however, causes the acceleration of several diseases including malignant, ocular, and inflammatory diseases. Inhibiting angiogenesis through interfering with its pathway is a promising methodology to hinder the progression of these diseases. Herein, we studied the anti-angiogenic effects of various carbon materials such as graphite, multiwalled carbon nanotubes and fullerenes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2)-induced angiogenesis evaluated in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. All the carbon materials tested showed substantial anti-angiogenic activity against either FGF2- or VEGF-induced angiogenesis in the CAM model. Those carbon materials did not have any significant effects on basal angiogenesis in the absence of the added growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanababu Murugesan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110, 8th Street, Troy, NY – 12180, USA
| | - Shaker A. Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany, NY – 12208, USA
| | - Laura J. O’Connor
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany, NY – 12208, USA
| | - David W. Lincoln
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany, NY – 12208, USA
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110, 8th Street, Troy, NY – 12180, USA
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany, NY – 12208, USA
- *Corresponding Author: , Phone: 001-518-276-3404, Fax: 518-276-3405
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Shaw LC, Pan H, Afzal A, Calzi SL, Spoerri PE, Sullivan SM, Grant MB. Proliferating endothelial cell-specific expression of IGF-I receptor ribozyme inhibits retinal neovascularization. Gene Ther 2006; 13:752-60. [PMID: 16437130 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and its receptor (IGF-IR) are essential for normal ocular development and are expressed in numerous ocular cell types including lens epithelial cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, Müller cells and endothelial cells. Endothelial cell proliferation is a common feature of proliferative retinopathies and involves abnormal growth of blood vessels within and on the surface of the retina. In an effort to inhibit the formation of these aberrant blood vessels, we cloned an IGF-IR ribozyme into an expression vector that limits expression of the ribozyme to proliferating endothelial cells. An endothelin enhancer and Cdc6 promoter chimera drives expression of the IGF-IR ribozyme. This promoter limited retinal expression of the reporter gene to proliferating endothelial cells in two mouse models of proliferative retinopathy. In addition, expression of the IGF-IR ribozyme by this promoter inhibited aberrant retinal angiogenesis in both models while preserving normal vessels. These results demonstrate the feasibility of IGF-IR ribozyme expression in a selective manner for safer treatment of abnormal angiogenesis associated with retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Shaw
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Clegg DJ, Heffelfinger SC. Obesity: its influence on breast cancer susceptibility. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2006; 2:577-585. [PMID: 19803965 DOI: 10.2217/17455057.2.4.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing worldwide epidemic. With an increased prevalence of obesity there is an increase in obesity-related cancers, such as breast cancer. Although reproductive and lifestyle choices are among the best-recognized risk factors for breast cancer, few of these can be modified readily by the individual. Obesity is unlike these other risk factors since it can be modified and controlled. Breast cancer prognosis is worse in patients who are obese, and epidemiological data suggests that obesity is a significant risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. Addressing the obesity epidemic, at both an individual and public health level, is expected to have a significant impact on breast cancer incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Clegg
- Department of Psychiatry, Obesity Research Center, Genome Research Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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McDermott LA, Higgins B, Simcox M, Luk KC, Nevins T, Kolinsky K, Smith M, Yang H, Li JK, Chen Y, Ke J, Mallalieu N, Egan T, Kolis S, Railkar A, Gerber L, Liu JJ, Konzelmann F, Zhang Z, Flynn T, Morales O, Chen Y. Biological evaluation of a multi-targeted small molecule inhibitor of tumor-induced angiogenesis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:1950-3. [PMID: 16460940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2005] [Revised: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
RO4396686 is a small molecule KDR, FGFR, and PDGFR inhibitor with good pharmacokinetic properties in rodents. In a mouse corneal neovascularization assay, this compound inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Tested in a H460a xenograft tumor model this agent effected significant tumor growth inhibition at doses as low as 50mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A McDermott
- Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Str., Nutley, NJ 07110-1199, USA.
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