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Baïli S, Vereeck S, Jacquemyn Y. Salmonella hvittingfoss, a rare case of postoperative endometritis: A case report and review of the literature. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e8591. [PMID: 38505480 PMCID: PMC10948367 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Key clinical message Microbiological diagnosis of endometritis and appropriate antibiotic treatment based on the antibiogram is essential. We should remain critical about the potential etiologic pathogens, especially when traveling abroad and during pregnancy. Therefore, it is essential to obtain cultures prior to the administration of antibiotics. Abstract We present a case of postoperative endometritis in a patient with incomplete miscarriage, who underwent dilatation and curettage. Blood, cervical and stool cultures revealed the presence of Salmonella hvittingfoss. Gynecological postoperative infections with Salmonella spp. are rare according to the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Baïli
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyAntwerp University Hospital UZA, Edegem Belgium and Antwerp University UA, ASRARC and Global Health InstituteAntwerpBelgium
| | - Sascha Vereeck
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyAntwerp University Hospital UZA, Edegem Belgium and Antwerp University UA, ASRARC and Global Health InstituteAntwerpBelgium
| | - Yves Jacquemyn
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyAntwerp University Hospital UZA, Edegem Belgium and Antwerp University UA, ASRARC and Global Health InstituteAntwerpBelgium
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Prevention of Ventriculostomy Related Infection: Effectiveness of Impregnated Biomaterial. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054819. [PMID: 36902247 PMCID: PMC10003160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
External ventricular drain(EVD) exposes the patient to infectious complications which are associated with significant morbidity and economic burden. Biomaterials impregnated with various antimicrobial agents have been developed to decrease the rate of bacterial colonization and subsequent infection. While promising, antibiotics and silver-impregnated EVD showed conflicting clinical results. The aim of the present review is to discuss the challenges associated with the development of antimicrobial EVD catheters and their effectiveness from the bench to the bedside.
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A Comprehensive Overview of the Antibiotics Approved in the Last Two Decades: Retrospects and Prospects. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041762. [PMID: 36838752 PMCID: PMC9962477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the overuse of antibiotics, bacterial resistance has markedly increased to become a global problem and a major threat to human health. Fortunately, in recent years, various new antibiotics have been developed through both improvements to traditional antibiotics and the discovery of antibiotics with novel mechanisms with the aim of addressing the decrease in the efficacy of traditional antibiotics. This manuscript reviews the antibiotics that have been approved for marketing in the last 20 years with an emphasis on the antibacterial properties, mechanisms, structure-activity relationships (SARs), and clinical safety of these antibiotics. Furthermore, the current deficiencies, opportunities for improvement, and prospects of antibiotics are thoroughly discussed to provide new insights for the design and development of safer and more potent antibiotics.
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Dashti M, Al-Matrouk A, Channanath A, Hebbar P, Al-Mulla F, Thanaraj TA. Distribution of HLA-B Alleles and Haplotypes in Qatari: Recommendation for Establishing Pharmacogenomic Markers Screening for Drug Hypersensitivity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:891838. [PMID: 36003520 PMCID: PMC9393242 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.891838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins are present at the cellular surface of antigen-presenting cells and play a crucial role in the adaptive immune response. Class I genes, specifically certain HLA-B alleles, are associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and are used as pharmacogenetic markers. Although ADRs are a common causes of hospitalization and mortality, the data on the prevalence of HLA-B pharmacogenetics markers in Arab countries are scarce. In this study, we investigated the frequencies of major HLA-B pharmacogenomics markers in the Qatari population. Next-generation sequencing data from 1,098 Qatari individuals were employed for HLA-B typing using HLA-HD version 1.4.0 and IPD-IMGT/HLA database. In addition, HLA-B pharmacogenetics markers were obtained from the HLA Adverse Drug Reaction Database. In total, 469 major HLA-B pharmacogenetic markers were identified, with HLA-B*51:01 being the most frequent pharmacogenetic marker (26.67%) in the Qatari population. Moreover, HLA-B*51:01 is associated with phenytoin- and clindamycin-induced ADRs. The second most frequent pharmacogenetic marker was the HLA-B*58:01 allele (6.56%), which is associated with allopurinol-induced ADRs. The third most frequent pharmacogenetic marker was the HLA-B*44:03 allele, which is associated with phenytoin-induced ADRs. The establishment of a pharmacogenetics screening program in Qatar for cost effective interventions aimed at preventing drug-induced hypersensitivity can be aided by the highly prevalent HLA-B pharmacogenetic markers detected here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Dashti
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Abdullah Al-Matrouk
- Narcotic and Psychotropic Department, Ministry of Interior, Farwaniya, Kuwait
| | - Arshad Channanath
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Prashantha Hebbar
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- *Correspondence: Fahd Al-Mulla, ; Thangavel Alphonse Thanaraj,
| | - Thangavel Alphonse Thanaraj
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- *Correspondence: Fahd Al-Mulla, ; Thangavel Alphonse Thanaraj,
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Ways to Improve Insights into Clindamycin Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics Tailored to Practice. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050701. [PMID: 35625345 PMCID: PMC9137603 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the increase in bacterial resistance and the decrease in the development of new antibiotics, the appropriate use of old antimicrobials has become even more compulsory. Clindamycin is a lincosamide antibiotic approved for adults and children as a drug of choice for systemic treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and gram-positive anaerobic bacterial infections. Because of its profile and high bioavailability, it is commonly used as part of an oral multimodal alternative for prolonged parenteral antibiotic regimens, e.g., to treat bone and joint or prosthesis-related infections. Clindamycin is also frequently used for (surgical) prophylaxis in the event of beta-lactam allergy. Special populations (pediatrics, pregnant women) have altered cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 activity. As clindamycin is metabolized by the CYP3A4/5 enzymes to bioactive N-demethyl and sulfoxide metabolites, knowledge of the potential relevance of the drug’s metabolites and disposition in special populations is of interest. Furthermore, drug–drug interactions derived from CYP3A4 inducers and inhibitors, and the data on the impact of the disease state on the CYP system, are still limited. This narrative review provides a detailed survey of the currently available literature on pharmacology and pharmacokinetics and identifies knowledge gaps (special patient population, drug–drug, and drug–disease interactions) to describe a research strategy for precision medicine.
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Saravanan R, Nakkeeran S, Saranya N, Kavino M, Ragapriya V, Varanavasiappan S, Raveendran M, Krishnamoorthy AS, Malathy VG, Haripriya S. Biohardening of Banana cv. Karpooravalli (ABB; Pisang Awak) With Bacillus velezensis YEBBR6 Promotes Plant Growth and Reprograms the Innate Immune Response Against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.845512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphical AbstractInduction of innate immune response and growth promotion in banana by B. velezensis against Foc.
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R S, Nakkeeran S, Saranya N, Senthilraja C, Renukadevi P, Krishnamoorthy A, El Enshasy HA, El-Adawi H, Malathi V, Salmen SH, Ansari MJ, Khan N, Sayyed RZ. Mining the Genome of Bacillus velezensis VB7 (CP047587) for MAMP Genes and Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetase Gene Clusters Conferring Antiviral and Antifungal Activity. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122511. [PMID: 34946111 PMCID: PMC8708206 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical pesticides have an immense role in curbing the infection of plant viruses and soil-borne pathogens of high valued crops. However, the usage of chemical pesticides also contributes to the development of resistance among pathogens. Hence, attempts were made in this study to identify a suitable bacterial antagonist for managing viral and fungal pathogens infecting crop plants. Based on our earlier investigations, we identified Bacillus amyloliquefaciens VB7 as a potential antagonist for managing Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infecting carnation, tobacco streak virus infecting cotton and groundnut bud necrosis infecting tomato. Considering the multifaceted action of B. amyloliquefaciens VB7, attempts were made for whole-genome sequencing to assess the antiviral activity against tomato spotted wilt virus infecting chrysanthemum and antifungal action against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). Genome annotation of the isolate B. amyloliquefaciens VB7 was confirmed as B. velezensis VB7 with accession number CP047587. Genome analysis revealed the presence of 9,231,928 reads with an average read length of 149 bp. Assembled genome had 1 contig, with a total length of 3,021,183 bp and an average G+C content of 46.79%. The protein-coding sequences (CDS) in the genome was 3090, transfer RNA (tRNA) genes were 85 with 29 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and 21 repeat regions. The genome of B. velezensis VB7 had 506 hypothetical proteins and 2584 proteins with functional assignments. VB7 genome had the presence of flagellin protein FlaA with 987 nucleotides and translation elongation factor TU (Ef-Tu) with 1191 nucleotides. The identified ORFs were 3911 with 47.22% GC content. Non ribosomal pepide synthetase cluster (NRPS) gene clusters in the genome of VB7, coded for the anti-microbial peptides surfactin, butirosin A/butirosin B, fengycin, difficidin, bacillibactin, bacilysin, and mersacidin the Ripp lanthipeptide. Antiviral action of VB7 was confirmed by suppression of local lesion formation of TSWV in the local lesion host cowpea (Co-7). Moreover, combined application of B. velezensis VB7 with phyto-antiviral principles M. Jalapa and H. cupanioides increased shoot length, shoot diameter, number of flower buds per plant, flower diameter, and fresh weight of chrysanthemum. Further, screening for antifungal action of VB7 expressed antifungal action against Foc in vitro by producing VOC/NVOC compounds, including hexadecanoic acid, linoelaidic acid, octadecanoic acid, clindamycin, formic acid, succinamide, furanone, 4H-pyran, nonanol and oleic acid, contributing to the total suppression of Foc apart from the presence of NRPS gene clusters. Thus, our study confirmed the scope for exploring B. velezensis VB7 on a commercial scale to manage tomato spotted wilt virus, groundnut bud necrosis virus, tobacco streak virus, S. sclerotiorum, and Foc causing panama wilt of banana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan R
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India; (S.R.); (C.S.); (P.R.); (A.S.K.); (V.G.M.)
| | - S Nakkeeran
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India; (S.R.); (C.S.); (P.R.); (A.S.K.); (V.G.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (R.Z.S.)
| | - N Saranya
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India;
| | - C Senthilraja
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India; (S.R.); (C.S.); (P.R.); (A.S.K.); (V.G.M.)
| | - P Renukadevi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India; (S.R.); (C.S.); (P.R.); (A.S.K.); (V.G.M.)
| | - A.S. Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India; (S.R.); (C.S.); (P.R.); (A.S.K.); (V.G.M.)
| | - Hesham Ali El Enshasy
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India; (S.R.); (C.S.); (P.R.); (A.S.K.); (V.G.M.)
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
- Faculty of Engineering School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Hala El-Adawi
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - V.G. Malathi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India; (S.R.); (C.S.); (P.R.); (A.S.K.); (V.G.M.)
| | - Saleh H. Salmen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - M. J. Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly 244001, India;
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s Arts, Science, and Commerce College, Shahada 425409, India
- Asian PGPR Society for Sustainable Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (R.Z.S.)
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Ludwig HC, Schlicksup MD, Beale LM, Aronson LR. Toxoplasma gondii infection in feline renal transplant recipients: 24 cases (1998-2018). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:870-876. [PMID: 33825530 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.8.870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of Toxoplasma gondii infection in feline renal transplant recipients with a preoperative seronegative or unknown serostatus (SN-UNK) for T gondii and the efficacy of lifelong prophylactic treatment of T gondii infection in feline renal transplant recipients with a preoperative seropositive serostatus (SP) for T gondii. ANIMALS 24 cats with various serostatuses for T gondii before undergoing renal transplantation. PROCEDURES Medical records of cats that had undergone renal transplantation from 1998 through 2018 were reviewed. Two groups of cats were identified. Before renal transplantation, the SN-UNK group cats were seronegative for T gondii (n = 4) or serostatus for T gondii was unknown (4). The SN-UNK group cats received immunosuppressive therapy but were not maintained on prophylactic treatment of T gondii infection. The SP group cats were seropositive for T gondii (n = 16) prior to initiation of immunosuppressive therapy and renal transplantation and were managed after surgery with prophylactic treatment of T gondii infection. RESULTS All 8 SN-UNK group cats developed T gondii infections after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy and renal transplantation; T gondii infections were fatal in 6 cats. Of 16 SP group cats, 1 developed a nonfatal T gondii infection resulting in an allograft rejection episode. No SP group cats, which were managed postoperatively with prophylactic treatment, developed a fatal T gondii infection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE T gondii infection resulted in morbidity and death in immunosuppressed cats not receiving prophylactic treatment of T gondii infection after renal transplantation. Seropositive cats were acceptable candidates for renal transplantation when lifelong prophylactic treatment of T gondii infection was provided.
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Hagihara M, Yamashita R, Matsumoto A, Mori T, Inagaki T, Nonogaki T, Kuroki Y, Higashi S, Oka K, Takahashi M, Mikamo H. The impact of probiotic Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 on murine gut metabolic alterations. J Infect Chemother 2019; 25:571-577. [PMID: 31101528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM 588) is a probiotic bacterium used in antidiarrheal medicine in Japan. A few studies analyzed the changes in gut microbiome in patients treated with antimicrobials based on metagenomics sequencing. However, the impact of CBM 588 on gut metabolic alterations has not been fully elucidated. This study was to reveal the impact of CBM 588 on gut metabolic alterations. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this in vivo study, mice were divided into four groups and CBM 588, clindamycin (CLDM), and normal saline (control) was orally administered (1. CLDM, 2. CBM 588, 3. CBM 588 + CLDM, 4. water) for 4 days. Fecal samples were collected to extract DNA for metagenomics analysis. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) was used to obtain relative Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway abundance information derived from metagenomics data. RESULTS CLDM treatment resulted in a dramatic increase in Firmicutes phylum compared to non-CLDM-treated groups (control and CBM 588-treated group). Then, the CBM 588 + CLDM-treated group showed a trend similar in many metabolic pathways to the CLDM-treated group. On the other hand, the CBM 588 + CLDM-treated group showed higher relative abundance compared to the CLDM-treated group especially in starch and sucrose metabolism. DISCUSSION We concluded that CBM 588 caused a gut microbiome functional shift toward increased carbohydrate metabolism. These results support the hypothesis that CBM 588 treatment modulates gut microbiome under dysbiosis conditions due to antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Hagihara
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Rieko Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Asami Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | | | - Tsunemasa Nonogaki
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy Kinjyo Gakuin University, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Kuroki
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Oka
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Motomichi Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Hiroshige Mikamo
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan.
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Yang Y, Chen S, Yang F, Zhang L, Alterovitz G, Zhu H, Xuan J, Yang X, Luo H, Mu J, He L, Luo X, Xing Q. HLA-B*51:01 is strongly associated with clindamycin-related cutaneous adverse drug reactions. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 17:501-505. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Same Exposure but Two Radically Different Responses to Antibiotics: Resilience of the Salivary Microbiome versus Long-Term Microbial Shifts in Feces. mBio 2015; 6:e01693-15. [PMID: 26556275 PMCID: PMC4659469 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01693-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the spread of resistance, antibiotic exposure receives increasing attention. Ecological consequences for the different niches of individual microbiomes are, however, largely ignored. Here, we report the effects of widely used antibiotics (clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, and minocycline) with different modes of action on the ecology of both the gut and the oral microbiomes in 66 healthy adults from the United Kingdom and Sweden in a two-center randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Feces and saliva were collected at baseline, immediately after exposure, and 1, 2, 4, and 12 months after administration of antibiotics or placebo. Sequences of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from all samples and metagenomic shotgun sequences from selected baseline and post-antibiotic-treatment sample pairs were analyzed. Additionally, metagenomic predictions based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon data were performed using PICRUSt. The salivary microbiome was found to be significantly more robust, whereas the antibiotics negatively affected the fecal microbiome: in particular, health-associated butyrate-producing species became strongly underrepresented. Additionally, exposure to different antibiotics enriched genes associated with antibiotic resistance. In conclusion, healthy individuals, exposed to a single antibiotic treatment, undergo considerable microbial shifts and enrichment in antibiotic resistance in their feces, while their salivary microbiome composition remains unexpectedly stable. The health-related consequences for the gut microbiome should increase the awareness of the individual risks involved with antibiotic use, especially in a (diseased) population with an already dysregulated microbiome. On the other hand, understanding the mechanisms behind the resilience of the oral microbiome toward ecological collapse might prove useful in combating microbial dysbiosis elsewhere in the body. Many health care professionals use antibiotic prophylaxis strategies to prevent infection after surgery. This practice is under debate since it enhances the spread of antibiotic resistance. Another important reason to avoid nonessential use of antibiotics, the impact on our microbiome, has hardly received attention. In this study, we assessed the impact of antibiotics on the human microbial ecology at two niches. We followed the oral and gut microbiomes in 66 individuals from before, immediately after, and up to 12 months after exposure to different antibiotic classes. The salivary microbiome recovered quickly and was surprisingly robust toward antibiotic-induced disturbance. The fecal microbiome was severely affected by most antibiotics: for months, health-associated butyrate-producing species became strongly underrepresented. Additionally, there was an enrichment of genes associated with antibiotic resistance. Clearly, even a single antibiotic treatment in healthy individuals contributes to the risk of resistance development and leads to long-lasting detrimental shifts in the gut microbiome.
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Growing Antibiotic Resistance in Fatal Cases of Staphylococcal Pneumonia in the Elderly. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 905:39-56. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2015_184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Uskoković V, Desai TA. Phase composition control of calcium phosphate nanoparticles for tunable drug delivery kinetics and treatment of osteomyelitis. II. Antibacterial and osteoblastic response. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:1427-36. [PMID: 23115128 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis has been traditionally treated by the combination of long-term antibiotic therapies and surgical removal of diseased tissue. The multifunctional material was developed in this study with the aim to improve this therapeutic approach by: (a) enabling locally delivered and sustained release of antibiotics at a tunable rate, so as to eliminate the need for repetitive administration of systemically distributed antibiotics; and (b) controllably dissolving itself, so as to promote natural remineralization of the portion of bone lost to disease. We report hereby on the effect of previously synthesized calcium phosphates (CAPs) with tunable solubilities and drug release timescales on bacterial and osteoblastic cell cultures. All CAP powders exhibited satisfying antibacterial performance against Staphylococcus aureus, the main causative agent of osteomyelitis. Still, owing to its highest drug adsorption efficiency, the most bacteriostatically effective phase was amorphous CAP with the minimal inhibitory concentration of less than 1 mg/mL. At the same time, the positive cell response and osteogenic effect of the antibiotic-loaded CAP particles was confirmed in vitro for all the sparsely soluble CAP phases. Adsorption of the antibiotic onto CAP particles reversed the deleterious effect that the pure antibiotic exerted on the osteogenic activity of the osteoblastic cells. The simultaneous osteogenic and antimicrobial performance of the material developed in this study, altogether with its ability to exhibit sustained drug release, may favor its consideration as a material base for alternative therapeutic approaches to prolonged antibiotic administration and surgical debridement typically prescribed in the treatment of osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158-2330, USA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toxoplasma gondii, the agent that causes toxoplasmosis, is an opportunistic parasite that infects many mammalian species. It is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes severe congenital neurological and ocular disease mostly in immunocompromised humans. The current regimen of therapy includes only a few medications that often lead to hypersensitivity and toxicity. In addition, there are no vaccines available to prevent the transmission of this agent. Therefore, safer and more effective medicines to treat toxoplasmosis are urgently needed. AREAS COVERED The author presents in silico and in vitro strategies that are currently used to screen for novel targets and unique chemotypes against T. gondii. Furthermore, this review highlights the screening technologies and characterization of some novel targets and new chemical entities that could be developed into highly efficacious treatments for toxoplasmosis. EXPERT OPINION A number of diverse methods are being used to design inhibitors against T. gondii. These include ligand-based methods, in which drugs that have been shown to be efficacious against other Apicomplexa parasites can be repurposed to identify lead molecules against T. gondii. In addition, structure-based methods use currently available repertoire of structural information in various databases to rationally design small-molecule inhibitors of T. gondii. Whereas the screening methods have their advantages and limitations, a combination of methods is ideally suited to design small-molecule inhibitors of complex parasites such as T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Kortagere
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 2900, Queen Lane, PA 19129, USA.
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Jaglic Z, Vlkova H, Bardon J, Michu E, Cervinkova D, Babak V. Distribution, Characterization and Genetic Bases of Erythromycin Resistance in Staphylococci and Enterococci Originating from Livestock. Zoonoses Public Health 2011; 59:202-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2011.01434.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Pereira N, Canelas MM, Santiago F, Brites MM, Gonçalo M. Value of patch tests in clindamycin-related drug eruptions. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 65:202-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Catena E, Perez G, Sadaba B, Azanza JR, Campanero MA. A fast reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry assay for the quantification of clindamycin in plasma and saliva using a rapid resolution package. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 50:649-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 02/01/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 17:66-73. [PMID: 19225308 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e32832406ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Oral colon targeted delivery systems for treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases: Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo assessment. Int J Pharm 2008; 358:248-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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20
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