1
|
Chen H, Xu Z, Zhao H, Cao J, Wang R, He J, Nie R, Jia J, Yuan S, Li Y, Liu Z, Zhang X, Ha L, Xu X, Li T. Global research states and trends of micro RNA in irritable bowel syndrome: a bibliometric analysis. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:149. [PMID: 38967892 PMCID: PMC11226481 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic gastrointestinal disorder, but its diagnosis and treatment remain obscure. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), as potential biomarkers, have attracted increasing attention in digestive diseases. Here, we present a comprehensive research status, development trends, and valuable insights in this subject area. The literature search was performed using Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer 1.6.20, Citespace 6.2.R4, and Microsoft Excel 2021 were used for bibliometric analysis. A total of 124 articles were included in the analysis. Overall, publication patterns fluctuated. Globally, People's Republic of China, the USA, and Germany were the top three contributors of publications. Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University of California, Mayo Clinic, and University of California, Los Angeles contributed the highest number of publications. The pathways and specific mechanisms by which ncRNAs regulate transcription and translation and thus regulate the pathophysiological processes of IBS are the main research hotspots in this field. We found that microRNA (miRNAs) are intricately involved in the regulation of key pathologies such as viscera sensitivity, intestinal permeability, intestinal mucosal barrier, immunoinflammatory response, and brain-gut axis in the IBS, and these topics have garnered significant attention in research community. Notably, microecological disorders are also associated with IBS pathogenesis, and ncRNA may play an important role in the interactions between host and intestinal flora. This is the first bibliometric study to comprehensively summarize the research hotspots and trends related to IBS and ncRNAs (especially miRNAs). Our findings will help understand the role of ncRNAs in IBS and provide guidance to future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiu Chen
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West District, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West District, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Honggang Zhao
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, 528 Xinsha Road, Shajing Street, Baoan District, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhen Cao
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West District, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Nie
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Jia
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Yuan
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Li
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West District, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Ha
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoru Xu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tie Li
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhan Y, Wen Y, Zheng F, Du LJ, Chen TY, Shen XL, Wu R, Tang XG. MiR-26b-3p Promotes Intestinal Motility Disorder by Targeting FZD10 to Inhibit GSK3β/β-Catenin Signaling and Induce Enteric Glial Cell Apoptosis. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1543-1561. [PMID: 37728849 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Enteric glial cells (EGCs) are the major component of the enteric nervous system and affect the pathophysiological process of intestinal motility dysfunction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating gastrointestinal homeostasis. However, the mechanism of miRNA-mediated regulation of EGCs in intestinal dysmotility remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of EGC apoptosis on intestinal dysmotility, and the effect of miR-26b-3p on EGC proliferation and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. A loperamide hydrochloride (Lop)-induced constipated mouse model and an in vitro culture system of rat EGCs were established. The transcriptome was used to predict the differentially expressed gene miR-26b-3p and the target gene Frizzled 10 (FZD10), and their targeting binding relationship was verified by luciferase. EGCs were transfected with miR-26b-3p mimic or antagomir, and the FZD10 expression was down-regulated by siRNA. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to detect EGC apoptosis. MiR-26b-3p and FZD10 expressions were examined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The CCK-8 assay was used to detect EGC proliferation. The protein levels were detected by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that miR-26b-3p was up-regulated in the Lop group, whereas FZD10 was down-regulated, and EGC apoptosis was increased in the colon of intestinal dysmotility mice. FZD10 down-regulation and miR-26b-3p mimic significantly increased glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation (p-GSK3β) levels, decreased β-catenin expression, and promoted EGC apoptosis. MiR-26b-3p antagomir alleviated intestinal dysmotility, promoted EGC increased activity of EGCs, and reduced EGC apoptosis in vivo. In conclusion, this study indicated that miR-26b-3p promotes intestinal motility disorders by targeting FZD10 to block GSK3β/β-catenin signaling and induces apoptosis in EGCs. Our results provide a new research target for the treatment and intervention of intestinal dysmotility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- Anorectal Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrative Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Wen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fan Zheng
- Anorectal Department, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Li-Juan Du
- The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Southwest Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tai-Yu Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xu-Long Shen
- Anorectal Department, Luzhou People's Hospital, Luzhou, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Gui Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Datta N, Johnson C, Kao D, Gurnani P, Alexander C, Polytarchou C, Monaghan TM. MicroRNA-based therapeutics for inflammatory disorders of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106870. [PMID: 37499702 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
An emerging but less explored shared pathophysiology across microbiota-gut-brain axis disorders is aberrant miRNA expression, which may represent novel therapeutic targets. miRNAs are small, endogenous non-coding RNAs that are important transcriptional repressors of gene expression. Most importantly, they regulate the integrity of the intestinal epithelial and blood-brain barriers and serve as an important communication channel between the gut microbiome and the host. A well-defined understanding of the mode of action, therapeutic strategies and delivery mechanisms of miRNAs is pivotal in translating the clinical applications of miRNA-based therapeutics. Accumulating evidence links disorders of the microbiota-gut-brain axis with a compromised gut-blood-brain-barrier, causing gut contents such as immune cells and microbiota to enter the bloodstream leading to low-grade systemic inflammation. This has the potential to affect all organs, including the brain, causing central inflammation and the development of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. In this review, we have examined in detail miRNA biogenesis, strategies for therapeutic application, delivery mechanisms, as well as their pathophysiology and clinical applications in inflammatory gut-brain disorders. The research data in this review was drawn from the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov. With increasing evidence of the pathophysiological importance for miRNAs in microbiota-gut-brain axis disorders, therapeutic targeting of cross-regulated miRNAs in these disorders displays potentially transformative and translational potential. Further preclinical research and human clinical trials are required to further advance this area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Datta
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Charlotte Johnson
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dina Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christos Polytarchou
- Department of Biosciences, John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Tanya M Monaghan
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou Q, Yang L, Verne ML, Zhang BB, Fields J, Verne GN. Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Loss Drives Cell-Specific Nociceptive Signaling via the Enteric Catechol-O-Methyltransferase/microRNA-155/Tumor Necrosis Factor α Axis. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:630-641.e34. [PMID: 36623778 PMCID: PMC10038873 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The etiology of abdominal pain in postinfectious, diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS-D) is unknown, and few treatment options exist. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme that inactivates and degrades biologically active catecholamines, plays an important role in numerous physiologic processes, including modulation of pain perception. Our objective was to determine the mechanism(s) of how decreased colonic COMT in PI-IBS-D patients contributes to the chronic abdominal pain phenotype after enteric infections. METHODS Colon neurons, epithelial cells, and macrophages were procured with laser capture microdissection from PI-IBS-D patients to evaluate cell-specific colonic COMT, microRNA-155 (miR-155), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α expression levels compared to recovered patients (infection cleared: did not develop PI-IBS-D) and control individuals. COMT-/-, colon-specific COMT-/-, and miR-155-/- mice and human colonoids were used to model phenotypic expression of COMT in PI-IBS-D patients and to investigate signaling pathways linking abdominal pain. Citrobacter rodentium and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid animal models were used to model postinflammatory changes seen in PI-IBS-D patients. RESULTS Colonic COMT levels were significantly decreased and correlated with increased visual analog scale abdominal pain ratings in PI-IBS-D patients compared to recovered patients and control individuals. Colonic miR-155 and TNF-α were increased in PI-IBS-D patients with diminished colonic COMT. COMT-/- mice had significantly increased expression of miR-155 and TNF-α in both colon tissues and dorsal root ganglia. Introduction of cV1q antibody (anti-TNF-α) into mice reversed visceral hypersensitivity after C rodentium and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. CONCLUSIONS Decreased colonic COMT in PI-IBS-D patients drives abdominal pain phenotypes via the COMT/miR-155/TNF-α axis. These important findings will allow new treatment paradigms and more targeted and personalized medicine approaches for gastrointestinal disorders after enteric infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- QiQi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Meghan L Verne
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Benjamin B Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jeremy Fields
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - George Nicholas Verne
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Memphis, Tennessee.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Functional Implications and Clinical Potential of MicroRNAs in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Concise Review. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:38-53. [PMID: 35507132 PMCID: PMC9066399 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny (20-24 nucleotides long), non-coding, highly conserved RNA molecules that play a crucial role within the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via sequence-specific mechanisms. Since the miRNA transcriptome is involved in multiple molecular processes needed for cellular homeostasis, its altered expression can trigger the development and progression of several human pathologies. In this context, over the last few years, several relevant studies have demonstrated that dysregulated miRNAs affect a wide range of molecular mechanisms associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common gastrointestinal disorder. For instance, abnormal miRNA expression in IBS patients is related to the alteration of intestinal permeability, visceral hyperalgesia, inflammatory pathways, and pain sensitivity. Besides, specific miRNAs are differentially expressed in the different subtypes of IBS, and therefore, they might be used as biomarkers for precise diagnosis of these pathological conditions. Accordingly, miRNAs have noteworthy potential as theragnostic targets for IBS. Hence, in this current review, we present an overview of the recent discoveries regarding the clinical relevance of miRNAs in IBS, which might be useful in the future for the development of miRNA-based drugs against this disorder.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tang Y, Song J, Zhu Y, Chen H, Yao W, Zou D. Analysis of clinical characteristics of centrally mediated abdominal pain syndrome, exploration of diagnostic markers and its relationship with the efficacy of duloxetine treatment. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32134. [PMID: 36482519 PMCID: PMC9726388 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Centrally mediated abdominal pain syndrome (CAPS) is characterized by severe abdominal pain. Diagnosis of CAPS is still an exclusionary diagnosis, there remain no effective diagnostic biomarkers so far. Duloxetine is the major pharmacotherapy of CAPS, while some CAPS patients do not respond to duloxetine treatment. However, there is a lack of molecular markers to predict the efficacy of duloxetine. In our pilot study, we have found differential expression profiles of serum miRNAs between CAPS patients and healthy controls. Our study aims to explore the clinical characteristics, specific miRNAs in serum as diagnostic biomarkers of CAPS and predictive biomarkers of the efficacy of duloxetine. METHODS/DESIGN In this prospective cohort study, we plan to enroll 430 participants including 215 CAPS patients and 215 healthy controls. The CAPS group takes duloxetine 30 mg per day as an initial dose. Patients will have 24-week medication period and follow up at week 0, 4, 12, 24 and 36. Blood samples will be obtained from patients at every visits and health controls at the initial visit and a series of questionnaires will be completed by the participants. The primary end points are: The differential expression of miRNAs between CAPS groups and healthy control groups at baseline. The changes in abdominal pain scores before and after duloxetine treatment in patients with CAPS and their relationship with the changes in miRNAs. The secondary end point is the changes in scores of depression, anxiety, sleep quality and quality of life before and after duloxetine treatment in patients with CAPS and their relationship with changes in miRNAs. DISCUSSION Findings of study will provide the reliable basis for diagnosis and the predictor of duloxetine efficacy of CAPS. Importantly, findings grant patients a chance to benefit from treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiani Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hefeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Duowu Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
- * Correspondence: Duowu Zou, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200025, China (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
MicroRNA-16 inhibits the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and maintains tight junction integrity in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102461. [PMID: 36067883 PMCID: PMC9647533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder in which pathogenesis has been shown to be in part the result of miRNA-mediated signaling. Here, we investigated the alleviatory role of miR-16 in IBS-D. First, we established an IBS-D mouse model using colonic instillation of acetic acid and developed an IBS-D cell model using lipopolysaccharide exposure. The experimental data demonstrated that miR-16 was underexpressed in the serum of IBS-D patients, as well as in the colorectal tissues of IBS-D mouse models and lipopolysaccharide-exposed intestinal epithelial cells. Next, miR-16 and TLR4 were overexpressed or inhibited to characterize their roles in the viability and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, inflammation, and epithelial tight junction. We found that miR-16 overexpression increased the viability of intestinal epithelial cells, maintained tight junction integrity, and inhibited cell apoptosis and inflammation. We showed that miR-16 targeted TLR4 and inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Additionally, inhibition of NF-κB suppressed the long noncoding RNA XIST, thereby promoting enterocyte viability, inhibiting apoptosis and cytokine production, and maintaining tight junction integrity. In vivo experiments further verified the alleviatory effect of miR-16 on IBS-D symptoms in mice. Taken together, we conclude that miR-16 downregulates XIST through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, thereby relieving IBS-D. This study suggests that miR-16 may represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention against IBS-D.
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh R, Zogg H, Ro S. Role of microRNAs in Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions: Clinical Insights and Therapeutic Alternatives. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11101021. [PMID: 34683162 PMCID: PMC8541612 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of gut–brain interactions (DGBIs) are heterogeneous in nature and intertwine with diverse pathophysiological mechanisms. Regular functioning of the gut requires complex coordinated interplay between a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) cell types and their functions are regulated by multiple mechanisms at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to specific mRNA targets to repress their translation and/or promote the target mRNA degradation. Dysregulation of miRNAs might impair gut physiological functions leading to DGBIs and gut motility disorders. Studies have shown miRNAs regulate gut functions such as visceral sensation, gut immune response, GI barrier function, enteric neuronal development, and GI motility. These biological processes are highly relevant to the gut where neuroimmune interactions are key contributors in controlling gut homeostasis and functional defects lead to DGBIs. Although extensive research has explored the pathophysiology of DGBIs, further research is warranted to bolster the molecular mechanisms behind these disorders. The therapeutic targeting of miRNAs represents an attractive approach for the treatment of DGBIs because they offer new insights into disease mechanisms and have great potential to be used in the clinic as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Here, we review recent advances regarding the regulation of miRNAs in GI pacemaking cells, immune cells, and enteric neurons modulating pathophysiological mechanisms of DGBIs. This review aims to assess the impacts of miRNAs on the pathophysiological mechanisms of DGBIs, including GI dysmotility, impaired intestinal barrier function, gut immune dysfunction, and visceral hypersensitivity. We also summarize the therapeutic alternatives for gut microbial dysbiosis in DGBIs, highlighting the clinical insights and areas for further exploration. We further discuss the challenges in miRNA therapeutics and promising emerging approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seungil Ro
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-775-784-1462; Fax: +1-775-784-6903
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Singh R, Wei L, Ghoshal UC. Micro-organic basis of functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders: Role of microRNAs in GI pacemaking cells. Indian J Gastroenterol 2021; 40:102-110. [PMID: 33738768 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-021-01159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wiley JW, Zong Y, Zheng G, Zhu S, Hong S. Histone H3K9 methylation regulates chronic stress and IL-6-induced colon epithelial permeability and visceral pain. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13941. [PMID: 32743845 PMCID: PMC8007084 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress is associated with activation of the HPA axis, elevation in pro-inflammatory cytokines, decrease in intestinal epithelial cell tight junction (TJ) proteins, and enhanced visceral pain. It is unknown whether epigenetic regulatory pathways play a role in chronic stress-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and visceral hyperalgesia. METHODS Young adult male rats were subjected to water avoidance stress ± H3K9 methylation inhibitors or siRNAs. Visceral pain response was assessed. Differentiated Caco-2/BBE cells and human colonoids were treated with cortisol or IL-6 ± antagonists. Expression of TJ, IL-6, and H3K9 methylation status at gene promoters was measured. Transepithelial electrical resistance and FITC-dextran permeability were evaluated. KEY RESULTS Chronic stress induced IL-6 up-regulation prior to a decrease in TJ proteins in the rat colon. The IL-6 level inversely correlated with occludin expression. Treatment with IL-6 decreased occludin and induced visceral hyperalgesia. Chronic stress and IL-6 increased H3K9 methylation and decreased transcriptional GR binding to the occludin gene promoter, leading to down-regulation of protein expression and increase in paracellular permeability. Intrarectal administration of a H3K9 methylation antagonist prevented chronic stress-induced visceral hyperalgesia in the rat. In a human colonoid model, cortisol decreased occludin expression, which was prevented by the GR antagonist RU486, and IL-6 increased H3K9 methylation and decreased TJ protein levels, which were prevented by inhibitors of H3K9 methylation. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our findings support a novel role for methylation of the repressive histone H3K9 to regulate chronic stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated reduction in colon TJ protein levels, and increase in paracellular permeability and visceral hyperalgesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Wiley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, 48109 USA
| | - Ye Zong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gen Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, 48109 USA
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangsong Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, 48109 USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hou Q, Huang Y, Wang Y, Liao L, Zhu Z, Zhang W, Liu Y, Li P, Chen X, Liu F. Lactobacillus casei LC01 Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Permeability through miR-144 Targeting of OCLN and ZO1. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1480-1487. [PMID: 32807750 PMCID: PMC9728266 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2002.02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our previous report determined that miR-144 is a key regulator of intestinal epithelial permeability in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) rats. Recent evidence has shown that lactobacilli play an important role in the relief of IBS-D symptoms. However, few studies have addressed the mechanisms by which microRNAs and lactobacilli exert their beneficial effects on intestinal epithelial permeability. Hence, to elucidate whether miRNAs and lactobacilli play roles in intestinal epithelial barrier regulation, we compared miRNA expression levels in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) under Lactobacillus casei (L. casei LC01) treatment. IECs and L. casei LC01 were co-cultured and then subjected to microRNA microarray assay. qRT-PCR, western blot and ELISA were used to detect the expression of occludin (OCLN) and zonula occludens 1 (ZO1/TJP1). The interaction between miRNAs and L. casei LC01 acting in IECs was investigated through transfection of RNA oligoribonucleotides and pcDNA 3.1 plasmid. The results are as follows: 1) L. casei LC01 decreased the expression of miR-144 and FD4 and promoted OCLN and ZO1 expression in IECs; 2) L. casei LC01 enhanced the barrier function of IECs via downregulation of miR-144 and upregulation of OCLN and ZO1; 3) Under L. casei LC01 treatment, OCLN and ZO1 overexpression could partially eliminate the promoting effect of miR-144 on intestinal permeability in IECs. Our results demonstrate that L. casei LC01 regulates intestinal permeability of IECs through miR-144 targeting of OCLN and ZO1. L. casei LC01 can be a possible therapeutic target for managing dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuke Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510176, P.R. China,School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongquan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510176, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510176, P.R. China
| | - Liu Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510176, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510176, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510176, P.R. China
| | - Yongshang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510176, P.R. China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510176, P.R. China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Statistics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510176, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Fengbin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510176, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-19927704401 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ji LJ, Li F, Zhao P, Weng LP, Wei J, Yan J, Liu LN. Silencing interleukin 1α underlies a novel inhibitory role of miR-181c-5p in alleviating low-grade inflammation of rats with irritable bowel syndrome. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15268-15279. [PMID: 31172560 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder of unknown etiology. Studies have found a close relation between IBS and microRNAs (miRNAs), but the study concerning the relationship between IBS and miR-181c-5p in IBS is still blank. Thus, this study aims to explore the role of miR-181c-5p in IBS via interleukin 1α (IL1A). Initially, microarray analysis was used to retrieve the genes related to IBS and to predict miRNAs regulating IL1A gene. IBS model was then established with abdominal withdraw reflection (AWR) and Bristol stool grading in mice measured. Afterwards, the functional role of miR-181c-5p in IBS was determined using the ectopic expression, depletion and reporter assay experiments, as well as miR-181c-5p and IL1A expression detected. Subsequently, expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL-6 were detected to further determine the effects of miR-181c-5p and IL1A on inflammation in IBS. miR-181c-5p and IL1A might be involved in IBS. miR-181c-5p was found to be decreased while IL1A was increased in IBS rats. In addition, miR-181c-5p could target and inhibit expression of IL1A, and IBS mice exhibited elevated AWR and Bristol stool grading, namely 6 to 7 points (70.4 [38 of 54]). Moreover, with the overexpression of miR-181c-5p or silencing of IL1A, the expression of TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-6 was decreased. Collectively, this study suggested that overexpressed miR-181c-5p could silence IL1A, thus inhibiting low-grade inflammation in IBS rats. miR-181c-5p/IL1A is expected to serve as a novel target for the treatment of IBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jiang Ji
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Changshu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changshu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Changshu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Weng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Changshu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Changshu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yan
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Liu
- Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hou Q, Huang Y, Zhang C, Zhu S, Li P, Chen X, Hou Z, Liu F. MicroRNA-200a Targets Cannabinoid Receptor 1 and Serotonin Transporter to Increase Visceral Hyperalgesia in Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 24:656-668. [PMID: 30347941 PMCID: PMC6175558 DOI: 10.5056/jnm18037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were reported to be responsible for intestinal permeability in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) rats in our previous study. However, whether and how miRNAs regulate visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D remains largely unknown. Methods We established the IBS-D rat model and evaluated it using the nociceptive visceral hypersensitivity test, myeloperoxidase activity assay, restraint stress-induced defecation, and electromyographic (EMG) activity. The distal colon was subjected to miRNA microarray analysis followed by isolation and culture of colonic epithelial cells (CECs). Bioinformatic analysis and further experiments, including dual luciferase assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were used to detect the expression of miRNAs and how it regulates visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D rats. Results The IBS-D rat model was successfully established. A total of 24 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the distal colon of IBS-D rats; 9 were upregulated and 15 were downregulated. Among them, the most significant upregulation was miR-200a, accompanied by downregulation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) and serotonin transporter (SERT). MiR-200a mimic markedly inhibited the expression of CNR1/SERT. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase assay confirmed that CNR1/SERT are direct targets of miR-200a. Rescue experiments that overexpressed CNR1/SERT significantly abolished the inhibitory effect of miR-200a on the IBS-D rats CECs. Conclusions This study suggests that miR-200a could induce visceral hyperalgesia by targeting the downregulation of CNR1 and SERT, aggravating or leading to the development and progression of IBS-D. MiR-200a may be a regulator of visceral hypersensitivity, which provides potential targets for the treatment of IBS-D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuke Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongquan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changrong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuilian Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Statistics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengkun Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengbin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Richards JR, Lapoint JM, Burillo-Putze G. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: potential mechanisms for the benefit of capsaicin and hot water hydrotherapy in treatment. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2017; 56:15-24. [DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2017.1349910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Richards
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jeff M. Lapoint
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Guillermo Burillo-Putze
- Área de Toxicología Clínica, Servicio de Urgencias, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang QQ, Xu XP, Zhao HS, Cai YQ, Pan YM, Xu JQ, Ma QX, Chen ML. Differential expression of microRNA related to irritable bowel syndrome in a rabbit model. J Dig Dis 2017; 18:330-342. [PMID: 28509372 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the differential expressions of microRNAs (miRNAs) in white hair black eye (WHBE) rabbits of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS WHBE and Japanese white (JW) rabbits were divided into the control and IBS groups. The IBS groups were exposed to moist heat, stress and low-dose laxatives. Their intestinal movement rate was measured. Blood samples were taken to detect serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine levels and colonic tissues were obtained to detect c-Fos expression by immunohistochemistry. Deep sequencing technology was used to obtain miRNA sequences in the intestinal tissues of WHBE and JW control groups. Expressions of 14 miRNAs were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in both the control and the IBS model groups. RESULTS Serum 5-HT and dopamine levels, intestinal movement rate and c-Fos expressions in the WHBE rabbits were significantly increased compared with the control group. MiR-29a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-221-3p, let-7f-5p, let-7g-5p, let-7i-5p, miR-192-5p, miR-126-3p and miR-130b-3p expressions in WHBE IBS rabbits at day 14 were significantly higher than those in the control group while miR-324-3p and miR-132 were downregulated. MiR-29a-3p, let-7i-5p, miR-192-5p and miR-126-3p were significantly upregulated only in JW IBS rabbits at day 14 and miR-324-3p, miR-223-3p and miR-132 were significantly downregulated in JW IBS group. MiR-24-3p, miR-221-3p, let-7f-5p, miR-126-3p and miR-130b-3p expressions in WHBE IBS rabbits were higher than that in JW IBS rabbits. CONCLUSIONS Twelve miRNAs were differentially expressed in IBS rabbits. Five are specific in WHBE IBS rabbits, suggesting that they play a role in increased sensitivity to IBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qin Yang
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao Ping Xu
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong Shu Zhao
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue Qin Cai
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yong Ming Pan
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Qin Xu
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Quan Xin Ma
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Min Li Chen
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fourie NH, Peace RM, Abey SK, Sherwin LB, Wiley JW, Henderson WA. Perturbations of Circulating miRNAs in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Detected Using a Multiplexed High-throughput Gene Expression Platform. J Vis Exp 2016:54693. [PMID: 27929459 PMCID: PMC5226328 DOI: 10.3791/54693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene expression platform assay allows for robust and highly reproducible quantification of the expression of up to 800 transcripts (mRNA or miRNAs) in a single reaction. The miRNA assay counts transcripts by directly imaging and digitally counting miRNA molecules that are labeled with color-coded fluorescent barcoded probe sets (a reporter probe and a capture probe). Barcodes are hybridized directly to mature miRNAs that have been elongated by ligating a unique oligonucleotide tag (miRtag) to the 3' end. Reverse transcription and amplification of the transcripts are not required. Reporter probes contain a sequence of six color positions populated using a combination of four fluorescent colors. The four colors over six positions are used to construct a gene-specific color barcode sequence. Post-hybridization processing is automated on a robotic prep station. After hybridization, the excess probes are washed away, and the tripartite structures (capture probe-miRNA-reporter probe) are fixed to a streptavidin-coated slide via the biotin-labeled capture probe. Imaging and barcode counting is done using a digital analyzer. The immobilized barcoded miRNAs are visualized and imaged using a microscope and camera, and the unique barcodes are decoded and counted. Data quality control (QC), normalization, and analysis are facilitated by a custom-designed data processing and analysis software that accompanies the assay software. The assay demonstrates high linearity over a broad range of expression, as well as high sensitivity. Sample and assay preparation does not involve enzymatic reactions, reverse transcription, or amplification; has few steps; and is largely automated, reducing investigator effects and resulting in high consistency and technical reproducibility. Here, we describe the application of this technology to identifying circulating miRNA perturbations in irritable bowel syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas H Fourie
- Digestive Disorders Unit, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, DHHS
| | - Ralph M Peace
- Digestive Disorders Unit, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, DHHS; National Institutes of Health Research Scholar, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Sarah K Abey
- Digestive Disorders Unit, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, DHHS
| | - LeeAnne B Sherwin
- Digestive Disorders Unit, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, DHHS
| | - John W Wiley
- Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan
| | - Wendy A Henderson
- Digestive Disorders Unit, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, DHHS;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Camilleri M, Oduyebo I, Halawi H. Chemical and molecular factors in irritable bowel syndrome: current knowledge, challenges, and unanswered questions. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G777-G784. [PMID: 27609770 PMCID: PMC5130552 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00242.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several chemical and molecular factors in the intestine are reported to be altered and to have a potentially significant role in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), particularly in IBS with diarrhea. These include bile acids; short-chain fatty acids; mucosal barrier proteins; mast cell products such as histamine, proteases, and tryptase; enteroendocrine cell products; and mucosal mRNAs, proteins, and microRNAs. This article reviews the current knowledge and unanswered questions in the pathobiology of the chemical and molecular factors in IBS. Evidence continues to point to significant roles in pathogenesis of these chemical and molecular mechanisms, which may therefore constitute potential targets for future research and therapy. However, it is still necessary to address the interaction between these factors in the gut and to appraise how they may influence hypervigilance in the central nervous system in patients with IBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Camilleri
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou Q, Yang L, Larson S, Basra S, Merwat S, Tan A, Croce C, Verne GN. Decreased miR-199 augments visceral pain in patients with IBS through translational upregulation of TRPV1. Gut 2016; 65:797-805. [PMID: 25681400 PMCID: PMC4853572 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many patients with irritable bowel syndrome IBS not only have abdominal pain but also may suffer from visceral hypersensitivity and heighted visceral nociception. Moreover, IBS has few effective therapeutic agents and mechanisms of disease are unclear. Our goals were to (i) identify microRNA (miRNA) expression, signalling and targets in human colon (controls; patients with IBS); (ii) verify in vitro, IBS-associated changes in miRNAs, especially miR-199, which is complementary to the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) gene; and (iii) determine whether modulating the expression of miRNAs in vivo, especially miR-199, reverses associated changes and pathological hallmarks of visceral hypersensitivity via TRPV1 signalling. DESIGN We evaluated 45 patients with diarrhoea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) and 40 controls with (1) visceral pain severity score and (2) colonoscopy with biopsies. miRNA expression was evaluated in human colon following miRNA array analysis. Luciferase assays were done to confirm relationships between miR-199 and TRPV1 expression. A rat model of visceral hypersensitivity was used to study miR-199 and its target gene (TRPV1) expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and colon in vivo. RESULTS Gut miR-199a/b expression in IBS-D was significantly decreased, which correlated directly with both increased visceral pain scores and TRPV1 expression. In vivo upregulation of miR-199a by intraperitoneal injection of lenti-miR-199a precursors decreased visceral hypersensitivity via diminished TRPV1 signalling. CONCLUSIONS Decreased colonic miR-199a/b correlates with visceral pain in patients with IBS-D. Similarly, reduced miR-199a expression in rat DRG and colon tissue is associated with heightened visceral hypersensitivity. In vivo upregulation of miR-199a decreases visceral pain via inhibition of TRPV1 signalling. Thus, miR-199 precursors may be promising therapeutic candidates for the treatment in patients with visceral pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- QiQi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA,Department of Veterans Affairs, Cincinnati VAMC, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Scott Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Sapreet Basra
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Shehzad Merwat
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Alai Tan
- Department of Preventative Health & Community Medicine, Institute for Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Carlo Croce
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - G Nicholas Verne
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mansour MA, Sabbah NA, Mansour SA, Ibrahim AM. MicroRNA-199b expression level and coliform count in irritable bowel syndrome. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:335-42. [PMID: 27015896 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common intestinal disorder. The pathophysiology of IBS may involve an altered intestinal microbiota. Recent studies have shown that alterations in microRNA (miRNA) levels have affected IBS and its subtypes. We aimed to compare both the count of Coliform and serum level of miRNA-199b between patients with IBS and healthy controls and to find the relationship between the Coliform and miRNAs in patients with IBS. Patients with IBS were classified into three subgroups based on their predominant bowel pattern as defined by Rome III criteria. Quantitative culture of Coliform and determination of serum miRNA-199b expression level by quantitative real-time PCR in IBS group versus healthy controls were performed. There was a significant increase in the count of Coliform in patients with IBS and its different subtypes when compared with healthy controls. There was a significant decrease of serum miR-199b expression level in patients with IBS and its different subtypes when compared with healthy controls with the highest level (1.9 ± 0.53 log scale) in healthy controls and lowest one (0.71 ± 0.27 log scale) in IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) subtype. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between the count of Coliform and the serum miRNA-199b expression level in IBS. This study reported that there was a significant increase in the count of Coliform and a decrease in the serum miRNA-199b expression level. In addition, there was a negative correlation between them in patients with IBS and its different subtypes when compared with healthy controls. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(5):335-342, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Mansour
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Norhan A Sabbah
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shymaa A Mansour
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amany M Ibrahim
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ciszek BP, Khan AA, Dang H, Slade GD, Smith S, Bair E, Maixner W, Zolnoun D, Nackley AG. MicroRNA expression profiles differentiate chronic pain condition subtypes. Transl Res 2015; 166:706-720.e11. [PMID: 26166255 PMCID: PMC4656098 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a significant health care problem, ineffectively treated because of its unclear etiology and heterogeneous clinical presentation. Emerging evidence demonstrates that microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the expression of pain-relevant genes, yet little is known about their role in chronic pain. Here, we evaluate the relationship among pain, psychological characteristics, plasma cytokines, and whole blood miRNAs in 22 healthy controls (HCs); 33 subjects with chronic pelvic pain (vestibulodynia, VBD); and 23 subjects with VBD and irritable bowel syndrome (VBD + IBS). VBD subjects were similar to HCs in self-reported pain, psychological profiles, and remote bodily pain. VBD + IBS subjects reported decreased health and function; and an increase in headaches, somatization, and remote bodily pain. Furthermore, VBD subjects exhibited a balance in proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, whereas VBD + IBS subjects failed to exhibit a compensatory increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines. VBD subjects differed from controls in expression of 10 miRNAs of predicted importance for pain and estrogen signaling. VBD + IBS subjects differed from controls in expression of 11 miRNAs of predicted importance for pain, cell physiology, and insulin signaling. miRNA expression was correlated with pain-relevant phenotypes and cytokine levels. These results suggest that miRNAs represent a valuable tool for differentiating VBD subtypes (localized pain with apparent peripheral neurosensory disruption vs widespread pain with a central sensory contribution) that may require different treatment approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittney P Ciszek
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Asma A Khan
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hong Dang
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Gary D Slade
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Shad Smith
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Eric Bair
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William Maixner
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Denniz Zolnoun
- Pelvic Pain Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Andrea G Nackley
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu W, Zhang Q, Li S, Li L, Ding Z, Qian Q, Fan L, Jiang C. The Relationship Between Colonic Macrophages and MicroRNA-128 in the Pathogenesis of Slow Transit Constipation. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2304-15. [PMID: 25749934 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that colonic macrophages and microRNAs play important roles in motor activity in the gastrointestinal tract. However, there are almost no data concerning colonic macrophages and microRNAs in slow transit constipation. AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate colonic macrophages and microRNA-128 expression in the pathogenesis of slow transit constipation in colon tissues. METHODS Full-thickness colonic specimens from patients undergoing surgery for slow transit constipation, due to refractoriness to other therapeutic interventions (n = 25), were compared to controls (n = 25), and the number of colonic macrophages (as evaluated by specific monoclonal antibodies) was counted. Gene expression analysis of microRNA-128 was performed by microRNA microarray and qRT-PCR. Lastly, bioinformatics analysis, coupled with luciferase reporter assays, was used to investigate the mRNA transcript(s) targeted by microRNA-128. RESULTS Compared to controls, 20 of 25 slow transit constipation patients (80 %) had significantly higher numbers of macrophages in colonic specimens, coupled with down-regulation of microRNA-128. Linear regression analyses showed a significant negative correlation between macrophage number and microRNA-128 expression level. Among 83 bioinformatically predicated candidates, mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (p38α) was validated to be a direct target of microRNA-128 in human intestinal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS This study presents evidence for the negative correlation of macrophage number and microRNA-128 expression, in slow transit constipation patients, representing a possible mechanism of impaired gastrointestinal motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhou Q, Costinean S, Croce CM, Brasier AR, Merwat S, Larson SA, Basra S, Verne GN. MicroRNA 29 targets nuclear factor-κB-repressing factor and Claudin 1 to increase intestinal permeability. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:158-169.e8. [PMID: 25277410 PMCID: PMC4303568 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Some patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) have intestinal hyperpermeability, which contributes to their diarrhea and abdominal pain. MicroRNA 29 (MIR29) regulates intestinal permeability in patients with IBS-D. We investigated and searched for targets of MIR29 and investigated the effects of disrupting Mir29 in mice. METHODS We investigated expression MIR29A and B in intestinal biopsies collected during endoscopy from patients with IBS (n = 183) and without IBS (controls) (n = 36). Levels were correlated with disease phenotype. We also generated and studied Mir29(-/-) mice, in which expression of Mir29a and b, but not c, is lost. Colitis was induced by administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid; intestinal tissues were collected and permeability was assessed. Microarray analysis was performed using tissues from Mir29(-/-) mice. Changes in levels of target genes were measured in human colonic epithelial cells and small intestinal epithelial cells after knockdown of MIR29 with anti-MIRs. RESULTS Intestinal tissues from patients with IBS-D (but not IBS with constipation or controls) had increased levels of MIR29A and B, but reduced levels of Claudin-1 (CLDN1) and nuclear factor-κB-repressing factor (NKRF). Induction of colitis and water avoidance stress increased levels of Mir29a and Mir29b and intestinal permeability in wild-type mice; these increased intestinal permeability in colons of far fewer Mir29(-/-) mice. In microarray and knockdown experiments, MIR29A and B were found to reduce levels of NKRF and CLDN1 messenger RNA, and alter levels of other messenger RNAs that regulate intestinal permeability. CONCLUSIONS Based on experiments in knockout mice and analyses of intestinal tissue samples from patients with IBS-D, MIR29 targets and reduces expression of CLDN1 and NKRF to increase intestinal permeability. Strategies to block MIR29 might be developed to restore intestinal permeability in patients with IBS-D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- QiQi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Veteran Affairs, Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Stefan Costinean
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alan R Brasier
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Shehzad Merwat
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Scott A Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Sarpreet Basra
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - G Nicholas Verne
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hong S, Zheng G, Wiley JW. Epigenetic regulation of genes that modulate chronic stress-induced visceral pain in the peripheral nervous system. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:148-157.e7. [PMID: 25263804 PMCID: PMC4274248 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic stress alters the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, increases gut motility, and increases the perception of visceral pain. We investigated whether epigenetic mechanisms regulate chronic stress-induced visceral pain in the peripheral nervous systems of rats. METHODS Male rats were subjected to 1 hour of water avoidance stress each day, or given daily subcutaneous injections of corticosterone, for 10 consecutive days. L4-L5 and L6-S2 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were collected and compared between stressed and control rats (placed for 1 hour each day in a tank without water). Levels of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1), DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), and EP300 were knocked down in DRG neurons in situ with small interfering RNAs. We measured DNA methylation and histone acetylation at genes encoding the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), CNR1, and TRPV1. Visceral pain was measured in response to colorectal distention. RESULTS Chronic stress was associated with increased methylation of the Nr3c1 promoter and reduced expression of this gene in L6-S2, but not L4-L5, DRGs. Stress also was associated with up-regulation in DNMT1-associated methylation of the Cnr1 promoter and down-regulation of glucocorticoid-receptor-mediated expression of CNR1 in L6-S2, but not L4-L5, DRGs. Concurrently, chronic stress increased expression of the histone acetyltransferase EP300 and increased histone acetylation at the Trpv1 promoter and expression of the TRPV1 receptor in L6-S2 DRG neurons. Knockdown of DNMT1 and EP300 in L6-S2 DRG neurons of rats reduced DNA methylation and histone acetylation, respectively, and prevented chronic stress-induced increases in visceral pain. CONCLUSIONS Chronic stress increases DNA methylation and histone acetylation of genes that regulate visceral pain sensation in the peripheral nervous system of rats. Blocking epigenetic regulatory pathways in specific regions of the spinal cord might be developed to treat patients with chronic abdominal pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangsong Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lu G, Xu WL, Pei LX, Sun JH, Ning HX. MicroRNAs in irritable bowel syndrome: Dysregulated expression and regulatory mechanism. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:5460-5466. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i35.5460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional bowel disorder characterized by elevated inflammatory cytokines in the intestinal tissue and increased intestinal and somatic sensitivity. The latest research shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) mediate the pathological process of inflammation, neuropathic pain, visceral and somatic hypersensitivity. This review aims to elucidate the dysregulated expression of miRNAs in IBS and their possible pathological mechanism and discuss their application in the diagnosis and treatment of IBS as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
25
|
Fourie NH, Peace RM, Abey SK, Sherwin LB, Rahim-Williams B, Smyser PA, Wiley JW, Henderson WA. Elevated circulating miR-150 and miR-342-3p in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 96:422-5. [PMID: 24768587 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, which regulate gene expression and are thus of interest as diagnostic markers, and as clues to etiology and targets of intervention. This pilot study examined whether circulating miRNAs are differentially expressed in patients with IBS. METHODS miRNA microarrays (NanoString) were run on the whole blood of 43 participants. RESULTS hsa-miR-150 and hsa-miR-342-3p were found to be significantly elevated (FDR adjusted p≤0.05, ≥1.6 fold change) in IBS patients compared to healthy controls. Neither of these miRNAs showed any relationship to race or sex. hsa-miR-150 is associated with inflammatory bowel disorders and pain, and interacts with a protein kinase (AKT2) through which it may affect inflammatory pathways. hsa-miR-342-3p is predicted to interact with mRNAs involved in pain signaling, colonic motility, and smooth muscle function. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study reports the association of two miRNAs, detected in whole blood, with IBS. These miRNAs link to pain and inflammatory pathways both of which are thought to be dysregulated in IBS. Larger sample sizes are needed to confirm their importance and potential as biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas H Fourie
- Digestive Disorders Unit, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Ralph Michael Peace
- Digestive Disorders Unit, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute National Institutes of Health Research Scholar, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
| | - Sarah K Abey
- Digestive Disorders Unit, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - LeeAnne B Sherwin
- Digestive Disorders Unit, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Bridgett Rahim-Williams
- Digestive Disorders Unit, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Paul A Smyser
- Digestive Disorders Unit, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - John W Wiley
- Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Wendy A Henderson
- Digestive Disorders Unit, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhou Q, Verne NG. Role of microRNA in chronic visceral nociception. Pain 2012; 154:9-10. [PMID: 23159571 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- QiQi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|