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Gani L, Lau E, Luk A, Sobrepena L, Tran QK, Kesavadev J, Jia W, Yu W, Tsang CC, Mukhopadhyay M, Jha S, Sheu W, Ho YK, Nguyen TK, Ozaki R, So WY, Kwan C, Fu AWC, Mirasol R, Phatak SR, Kumar KMP, Aravind S, Janakiraman H, Chan JCN. Cross-sectional survey of biosimilar insulin utilization in Asia: The Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation Program. J Diabetes Investig 2018; 9:1312-1322. [PMID: 29575724 PMCID: PMC6215931 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Biosimilar insulin can reduce treatment costs, although the extent of its use is largely unknown. We examined biosimilar insulin use and its associations with the quality of glycemic control using the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation register. Materials and Methods We carried out a cross‐sectional analysis in 81,531 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes enrolled into the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation Program from 2007 to 2014. All insulin related terms are extracted from the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation portal, and compared clinical profiles between biosimilar and originator insulin users. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess the association of biosimilar insulin compared with originator insulin with dosage, glycated hemoglobin and hypoglycemia events. Results Amongst 81,531 patients, 20.5% (n = 16,738) were insulin‐treated. In four countries with high use of biosimilar insulin, 4.7% (n = 719) of insulin users (n = 10,197) were treated with biosimilar insulin (India n = 507, 70.3%; the Philippines n = 90, 12.5%; China n = 62, 8.6%; Vietnam n = 60, 8.3%). Biosimilar insulin users were younger and had higher body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, insulin dosage and more frequent hypoglycemia than originator insulin users. These associations were non‐significant after adjustment for confounders. Only age, college education, diabetes education, lipid control, physical activity and history of cardiovascular complications were independently associated with these quality measures. Conclusions Biosimilar insulin use is not uncommon in Asia. Data exclusion due to incomplete capturing of brand names suggests possibly higher use. The multiple determinants of the quality of glycemic control call for establishment of prospective cohorts and diabetes registers to monitor the safety and efficacy of different brands of biosimilar insulin and their impacts on clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsey Gani
- Changi General Hospital, Singapore.,Asia Diabetes Foundation, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Eric Lau
- Asia Diabetes Foundation, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Andrea Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Jothydev Kesavadev
- Jothydev's Diabetes and Research Center, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weinan Yu
- Huaian Second People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | - Sujeet Jha
- Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Wayne Sheu
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yoon Kun Ho
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Risa Ozaki
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Yee So
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Christine Kwan
- Asia Diabetes Foundation, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Amy W C Fu
- Asia Diabetes Foundation, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Juliana C N Chan
- Asia Diabetes Foundation, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
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Efficacy and safety of biosimilar insulins compared to their reference products: A systematic review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195012. [PMID: 29668697 PMCID: PMC5905882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance For nearly a century, no generic form of insulin has been available in the United States. However, the first biosimilar insulin, Basaglar, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2015, and subsequently Admelog and Lusduna in 2017. Objective To summarize the scientific evidence comparing the safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of biosimilar and reference insulin products. Data sources We conducted a systematic review using PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Latin America and Caribbean Health Sciences, South Asian Database of Controlled Clinical Trials, and IndiaMED from their inception through January 14, 2018. Study selection We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing safety, clinical efficacy, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of any biosimilar insulin with a reference product in adults regardless of sample size and location. Data extraction and synthesis Two researchers independently reviewed all titles, abstracts and text; extracted data; and performed quality assessments. Main outcomes and measures Efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of biosimilar and reference insulin products Results Of 6945 articles screened, 11 studies were included in the data synthesis. LY2963016, Basalog, Basalin, and MK-1293 were compared to Lantus while SAR342434 was compared to Humalog. Three trials enrolled healthy volunteers, five enrolled type 1 diabetics, and two enrolled type 2 diabetics. One study enrolled both healthy and type 1 diabetics. Of the eleven studies, six examined pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic parameters and five examined clinical efficacy and immunogenicity. All studies included adverse events. All PK and/or PD studies showed that comparable parameters of biosimilar and reference products were within the pre-specified equivalence margins. Clinical studies suggested similar clinical efficacy and immunogenicity. Adverse events were similar between the groups across all studies. Conclusions and relevance Few published studies have compared biosimilar and reference insulins, though those that did suggest that the biosimilars have comparable safety and clinical efficacy as its reference product.
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Silver B, Ramaiya K, Andrew SB, Fredrick O, Bajaj S, Kalra S, Charlotte BM, Claudine K, Makhoba A. EADSG Guidelines: Insulin Therapy in Diabetes. Diabetes Ther 2018; 9:449-492. [PMID: 29508275 PMCID: PMC6104264 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-018-0384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A diagnosis of diabetes or hyperglycemia should be confirmed prior to ordering, dispensing, or administering insulin (A). Insulin is the primary treatment in all patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) (A). Typically, patients with T1DM will require initiation with multiple daily injections at the time of diagnosis. This is usually short-acting insulin or rapid-acting insulin analogue given 0 to 15 min before meals together with one or more daily separate injections of intermediate or long-acting insulin. Two or three premixed insulin injections per day may be used (A). The target glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) for all children with T1DM, including preschool children, is recommended to be < 7.5% (< 58 mmol/mol). The target is chosen aiming at minimizing hyperglycemia, severe hypoglycemia, hypoglycemic unawareness, and reducing the likelihood of development of long-term complications (B). For patients prone to glycemic variability, glycemic control is best evaluated by a combination of results with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) (B). Indications for exogenous insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) include acute illness or surgery, pregnancy, glucose toxicity, contraindications to or failure to achieve goals with oral antidiabetic medications, and a need for flexible therapy (B). In T2DM patients, with regards to achieving glycemic goals, insulin is considered alone or in combination with oral agents when HbA1c is ≥ 7.5% (≥ 58 mmol/mol); and is essential for treatment in those with HbA1c ≥ 10% (≥ 86 mmol/mol), when diet, physical activity, and other antihyperglycemic agents have been optimally used (B). The preferred method of insulin initiation in T2DM is to begin by adding a long-acting (basal) insulin or once-daily premixed/co-formulation insulin or twice-daily premixed insulin, alone or in combination with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) or in combination with other oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) (B). If the desired glucose targets are not met, rapid-acting or short-acting (bolus or prandial) insulin can be added at mealtime to control the expected postprandial raise in glucose. An insulin regimen should be adopted and individualized but should, to the extent possible, closely resemble a natural physiologic state and avoid, to the extent possible, wide fluctuating glucose levels (C). Blood glucose monitoring is an integral part of effective insulin therapy and should not be omitted in the patient's care plan. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) values should be used to titrate basal insulin, whereas both FPG and postprandial glucose (PPG) values should be used to titrate mealtime insulin (B). Metformin combined with insulin is associated with decreased weight gain, lower insulin dose, and less hypoglycemia when compared with insulin alone (C). Oral medications should not be abruptly discontinued when starting insulin therapy because of the risk of rebound hyperglycemia (D). Analogue insulin is as effective as human insulin but is associated with less postprandial hyperglycemia and delayed hypoglycemia (B). The shortest needles (currently the 4-mm pen and 6-mm syringe needles) are safe, effective, and less painful and should be the first-line choice in all patient categories; intramuscular (IM) injections should be avoided, especially with long-acting insulins, because severe hypoglycemia may result; lipohypertrophy is a frequent complication of therapy that distorts insulin absorption, and therefore, injections and infusions should not be given into these lesions and correct site rotation will help prevent them (A). Many patients in East Africa reuse syringes for various reasons, including financial. This is not recommended by the manufacturer and there is an association between needle reuse and lipohypertrophy. However, patients who reuse needles should not be subjected to alarming claims of excessive morbidity from this practice (A). Health care authorities and planners should be alerted to the risks associated with syringe or pen needles 6 mm or longer in children (A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahendeka Silver
- MKPGMS-Uganda Martyrs University | St. Francis Hospital, Nsambya, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Kaushik Ramaiya
- Shree Hindu Mandal Hospital, Chusi Street, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Swai Babu Andrew
- Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, United Nations Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Otieno Fredrick
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics School of Medicine, College of Health Science, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sarita Bajaj
- Department of Medicine, MLN Medical College, George Town, Allahabad, India
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Bharti Research Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Sector 12, PO Box 132001, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Bavuma M Charlotte
- University of Rwanda, College of Medicine and Health Science, Kigali University Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Karigire Claudine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Anthony Makhoba
- MKPGMS-Uganda Martyrs University | St. Francis Hospital, Nsambya, Kampala, Uganda
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Luo J, Kesselheim AS. Evolution of insulin patents and market exclusivities in the USA. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3:835-7. [PMID: 26453281 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120, USA.
| | - Aaron S Kesselheim
- Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120, USA
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Heinemann L, Khatami H, McKinnon R, Home P. An Overview of Current Regulatory Requirements for Approval of Biosimilar Insulins. Diabetes Technol Ther 2015; 17:510-26. [PMID: 25789689 PMCID: PMC4504437 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2014.0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin analog patent expiry is likely to mean that, increasingly, copies of original biopharmaceutical products will be submitted for authorization. Experience with biosimilars in other therapeutic areas suggests that careful regulation and caution are needed. Published guidelines of regulatory authorities around the world on approval of biosimilars and, where available, insulin biosimilars were reviewed. Information was sourced through Internet searching and cross-referencing guidelines. As of August 2014, general biosimilar and insulin-specific guidelines are available in 34 countries and two countries/regulatory domains, respectively. Many guidelines are clearly related to, or partly derived from, the general and insulin-specific European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines. Areas covered by these guidelines are fairly consistent, covering preclinical, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic (PD) studies in humans and clinical areas; however, there are differences in emphasis. The EMA insulin-specific guidelines include detailed criteria on PK/PD studies, as do most other general biosimilar guidelines and, to a lesser extent, clinical studies. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has general biosimilar guidelines, emphasizing consideration of the whole package of in vitro, biological, and human studies, rather than concentrating on any one aspect. In countries such as Mexico, guidelines are broad, leaving wide discretion to the regulatory authority. In conclusion, from a global perspective, this area of drug regulation is heterogeneous and evolving, and the authors call for an initiative aimed at harmonizing the requirements for biosimilar insulins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ross McKinnon
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Philip Home
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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DeVries JH, Gough SCL, Kiljanski J, Heinemann L. Biosimilar insulins: a European perspective. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17:445-51. [PMID: 25376600 PMCID: PMC4403967 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Biosimilar insulins are likely to enter clinical practice in Europe in the near future. It is important that clinicians are familiar with and understand the concept of biosimilarity and how a biosimilar drug may differ from its reference product. The present article provides an overview of biosimilars, the European regulatory requirements for biosimilars and safety issues. It also summarizes the current biosimilars approved in Europe and the key clinical issues associated with the use of biosimilar insulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H DeVries
- Endocrinology, Academic Medical CentreAmsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence to: J. Hans DeVries, Endocrinology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9,
1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail:
| | - S C L Gough
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford, UK
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Sandow J, Landgraf W, Becker R, Seipke G. Equivalent Recombinant Human Insulin Preparations and their Place in Therapy. EUROPEAN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2015; 11:10-16. [PMID: 29632560 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2015.11.01.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human insulin was one of the first products of biotechnology. It was developed in response to the need for a consistent and sufficient worldwide supply. Recombinant human insulin replaced the animal insulins and semisynthetic insulins obtained by modification of animal insulins. Bioequivalence studies were required for regulatory approval. Three reference products were independently established during these procedures: Humulin® (Eli Lilly and Co), Novolin® (NovoNordisk) and Insuman® (Sanofi). Numerous brand names have been used during the commercial development of recombinant human insulin formulations. In this review, three current brand names are used for consistent identification. Human insulin for Humulin and Insuman are produced by fermentation in bacteria (Escherichia coli) and for Novolin in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The bioequivalence of recombinant human insulin products was investigated in euglycaemic clamp studies. An overview of such bioequivalence studies is provided here. This paper will consider the relevance of human insulin formulations today and their place in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Sandow
- Professor, Centre of Pharmacology, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe University, Frankfurt-Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Gerhard Seipke
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Development, Sanofi-Aventis, Frankfurt, Germany
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Lavalle-González FJ, Khatami H. The biosimilar insulin landscape: current developments. Postgrad Med 2015; 126:81-92. [PMID: 25414937 DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2014.10.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Biosimilar insulins have the potential to increase access to treatment among patients with diabetes mellitus, reduce treatment costs, and expand market competition. The patents for several insulins are soon to expire, meaning there is room for copies of these products--or 'biosimilars'--to join the marketplace. It is vital that similar safety and efficacy to the innovator product is demonstrated for biosimilars. This presents many possible manufacturing and regulatory challenges. Complex manufacturing processes mean that even small differences between manufacturers can have a potential impact on the final product. Several companies are currently developing biosimilar insulins or are already producing these products in emerging markets with different regulatory requirements. For insulin biosimilars to be licensed in more established markets, manufacturers will need to meet the rigid criteria set out by agencies such as the European Medicines Agency and US Food and Drug Administration, and fulfill several pre-clinical, clinical, and pharmacovigilance surveillance criteria. As a result of differing regulatory requirements, there are possible gaps in the publically available clinical data to support the safety and efficacy of biosimilar insulins from around the world current as of July 2014. This review summarizes the current biosimilar insulin landscape.
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Choi WI, Kamaly N, Riol-Blanco L, Lee IH, Wu J, Swami A, Vilos C, Yameen B, Yu M, Shi J, Tabas I, von Andrian UH, Jon S, Farokhzad OC. A solvent-free thermosponge nanoparticle platform for efficient delivery of labile proteins. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:6449-55. [PMID: 25333768 PMCID: PMC4245989 DOI: 10.1021/nl502994y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics have gained attention recently for treatment of a myriad of human diseases due to their high potency and unique mechanisms of action. We present the development of a novel polymeric thermosponge nanoparticle for efficient delivery of labile proteins using a solvent-free polymer thermo-expansion mechanism with clinical potential, capable of effectively delivering a range of therapeutic proteins in a sustained manner with no loss of bioactivity, with improved biological half-lives and efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Il Choi
- Laboratory
of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology,
Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nazila Kamaly
- Laboratory
of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology,
Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Lorena Riol-Blanco
- Laboratory
of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology,
Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - In-Hyun Lee
- Laboratory
of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology,
Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jun Wu
- Laboratory
of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology,
Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Archana Swami
- Laboratory
of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology,
Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Cristian Vilos
- Laboratory
of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology,
Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Center
for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Basit Yameen
- Laboratory
of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology,
Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Mikyung Yu
- Laboratory
of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology,
Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Laboratory
of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology,
Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department
of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Department of Physiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Ulrich H. von Andrian
- Laboratory
of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology,
Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sangyong Jon
- KAIST
Institute of the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
(KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Omid C. Farokhzad
- Laboratory
of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology,
Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- E-mail: . Tel: 617-732-6093. Fax: 617-730-2801
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Pechkova E, Bragazzi NL, Nicolini C. Advances in nanocrystallography as a proteomic tool. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2014; 95:163-91. [PMID: 24985772 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800453-1.00005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to overcome the difficulties and hurdles too much often encountered in crystallizing a protein with the conventional techniques, our group has introduced the innovative Langmuir-Blodgett (LB)-based crystallization, as a major advance in the field of both structural and functional proteomics, thus pioneering the emerging field of the so-called nanocrystallography or nanobiocrystallography. This approach uniquely combines protein crystallography and nanotechnologies within an integrated, coherent framework that allows one to obtain highly stable protein crystals and to fully characterize them at a nano- and subnanoscale. A variety of experimental techniques and theoretical/semi-theoretical approaches, ranging from atomic force microscopy, circular dichroism, Raman spectroscopy and other spectroscopic methods, microbeam grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering to in silico simulations, bioinformatics, and molecular dynamics, has been exploited in order to study the LB-films and to investigate the kinetics and the main features of LB-grown crystals. When compared to classical hanging-drop crystallization, LB technique appears strikingly superior and yields results comparable with crystallization in microgravity environments. Therefore, the achievement of LB-based crystallography can have a tremendous impact in the field of industrial and clinical/therapeutic applications, opening new perspectives for personalized medicine. These implications are envisaged and discussed in the present contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Pechkova
- Nanobiotechnology and Biophysics Laboratories (NBL), Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Nanoworld Institute Fondazione ELBA Nicolini (FEN), Pradalunga, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Nanobiotechnology and Biophysics Laboratories (NBL), Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Nanoworld Institute Fondazione ELBA Nicolini (FEN), Pradalunga, Bergamo, Italy; School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Nicolini
- Nanobiotechnology and Biophysics Laboratories (NBL), Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Nanoworld Institute Fondazione ELBA Nicolini (FEN), Pradalunga, Bergamo, Italy; Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Owens
- Swansea University Institute of Life Science, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Danne
- Diabetes-Zentrum für Kinder and Jugendliche, Kinder- und Jugendkrankenhaus AUF DER BULT, Hannover, Germany
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