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Shin DS, Park K, Garon E, Dubinett S. Targeting EZH2 to overcome the resistance to immunotherapy in lung cancer. Semin Oncol 2022; 49:S0093-7754(22)00045-8. [PMID: 35851153 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Unleashing the immune system to fight cancer has been a major breakthrough in cancer therapeutics since 2014 when anti-PD-1 antibodies (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) were approved for patients with metastatic melanoma. Therapeutic indications have rapidly expanded for many types of advanced cancer, including lung cancer. A variety of antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint are contributing to this paradigm shift. The field now confronts two salient challenges: first, to improve the therapeutic outcome given the low response rate across the histologies; second, to identify biomarkers for improved patient selection. Pre-clinical and clinical studies are underway to evaluate combinatorial treatments to improve the therapeutic outcome paired with correlative studies to identify the factors associated with response and resistance. One of the emerging strategies is to combine epigenetic modifiers with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) based on the evidence that targeting epigenetic elements can enhance anti-tumor immunity by reshaping the tumor microenvironment (TME). We will briefly review pleotropic biological functions of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the enzymatic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), clinical developments of oral EZH2 inhibitors, and potentially promising approaches to combine EZH2 inhibitors and PD-1 blockade for patients with advanced solid tumors, focusing on lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Division of Hematology/Oncology, CA, USA; Member of Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, CA, USA; Member of Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA, USA.
| | - Kevin Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edward Garon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Member of Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA, USA
| | - Steven Dubinett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Departments of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Division of Hematology/Oncology, CA, USA; Member of Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, CA, USA; Member of Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA, USA
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2
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Gong ZG, Zhao Y, Wang ZY, Fan RF, Liu ZP, Wang L. Epigenetic regulator BRD4 is involved in cadmium-induced acute kidney injury via contributing to lysosomal dysfunction, autophagy blockade and oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127110. [PMID: 34523489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a known nephrotoxic heavy metal and proximal tubules are the major target of Cd-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). We previously demonstrated that lysosomal dysfunction and dysregulated autophagy contribute to Cd-induced AKI. Recent studies have revealed that bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is a transcriptional repressor of autophagy and lysosomal function. Hence, in vivo and in vitro studies were performed to clarify the role of BRD4 in Cd-induced AKI. Firstly, Cd has no effect on BRD4 expression levels, but increases H4K16 acetylation. Resultantly, Cd promotes the recruitment of BRD4 to lysosomal gene promoter regions to make it as a transcriptional regulator. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of BRD4 alleviates Cd-inhibited lysosomal gene transcript levels and lysosomal function, leading to the alleviation of Cd-induced autophagy inhibition. Moreover, inhibition of BRD4 relieves Cd-induced oxidative stress and concurrent cytotoxicity, which is counteracted by the inhibition of autophagy via Atg5 knockdown, indicating that alleviation of oxidative stress by BRD4 inhibition is ascribed to its restoration of autophagic flux. Collectively, these results demonstrate that BRD4 acts as a transcriptional repressor to mediate lysosomal dysfunction, autophagy blockade and oxidative stress during Cd exposure, which may be a potential therapeutic target for Cd-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Gui Gong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, People's Republic of China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Feng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Ping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, People's Republic of China.
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Zeinalzadeh E, Valerievich Yumashev A, Rahman HS, Marofi F, Shomali N, Kafil HS, Solali S, Sajjadi-Dokht M, Vakili-Samiani S, Jarahian M, Hagh MF. The Role of Janus Kinase/STAT3 Pathway in Hematologic Malignancies With an Emphasis on Epigenetics. Front Genet 2021; 12:703883. [PMID: 34992627 PMCID: PMC8725977 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.703883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway has been known to be involved in cell growth, cellular differentiation processes development, immune cell survival, and hematopoietic system development. As an important member of the STAT family, STAT3 participates as a major regulator of cellular development and differentiation-associated genes. Prolonged and persistent STAT3 activation has been reported to be associated with tumor cell survival, proliferation, and invasion. Therefore, the JAK-STAT pathway can be a potential target for drug development to treat human cancers, e.g., hematological malignancies. Although STAT3 upregulation has been reported in hematopoietic cancers, protein-level STAT3 mutations have also been reported in invasive leukemias/lymphomas. The principal role of STAT3 in tumor cell growth clarifies the importance of approaches that downregulate this molecule. Epigenetic modifications are a major regulatory mechanism controlling the activity and function of STAT3. So far, several compounds have been developed to target epigenetic regulatory enzymes in blood malignancies. Here, we discuss the current knowledge about STAT3 abnormalities and carcinogenic functions in hematopoietic cancers, novel STAT3 inhibitors, the role of epigenetic mechanisms in STAT3 regulation, and targeted therapies, by focusing on STAT3-related epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Zeinalzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- German Cancer Research Center, Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saeed Solali
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sajjadi-Dokht
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Vakili-Samiani
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Jarahian
- German Cancer Research Center, Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Majid Farshdousti Hagh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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4
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Gong Z, Liu G, Liu W, Zou H, Song R, Zhao H, Yuan Y, Gu J, Bian J, Zhu J, Liu Z. The epigenetic regulator BRD4 is involved in cadmium-triggered inflammatory response in rat kidney. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112620. [PMID: 34392152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has been described as a potential inflammatory inducer, while increasing evidence shows that inappropriate inflammation is a contributing factor to kidney injury. Hence, research on Cd-triggered inflammatory response is of great significance for elucidating the mechanism of Cd-induced nephrotoxicity. Bromodomain-containing 4 (BRD4) is an important epigenetic regulator involved in the development of many inflammatory diseases, but its regulatory roles in Cd-triggered inflammatory response remain to be clarified. Here, we found that treatment with Cd in Sprague-Dawley rats (2 mg/kg bw, i.p., 5 consecutive days) and in rat kidney cell line (NRK-52E, 0-10 μM, 12 h) induced the transcription of inflammatory cytokines, which could be reduced by JQ1 (BRD4 inhibitor, 25 mg/kg bw, i.p., 3 consecutive days in vivo; 0.5 μM, 12 h in vitro) or BRD4 small interfering RNA (siRNA, in vitro), suggesting that BRD4 participates in Cd-triggered inflammatory response. Next, our study clarified the roles of BRD4 in Cd-triggered inflammatory response. The inhibition of BRD4 decreased Cd-promoted NF-κB nuclear translocation and activation in vivo and in vitro. Cd increased the acetylation level of RelA K310 and enhanced BRD4 binding to acetylated NF-κB RelA in vivo and in vitro, which were abrogated by inhibiting BRD4. In summary, our study suggests that BRD4 is involved in Cd-triggered transcription of inflammatory cytokines by mediating the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and increasing itself binding to acetylated NF-κB RelA in rat kidney, therefore, BRD4 could be a potential therapeutic target for Cd-induced renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonggui Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Ruilong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiaqiao Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China.
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, PR China.
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5
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Yuan L, Sun B, Xu L, Chen L, Ou W. The Updating of Biological Functions of Methyltransferase SETDB1 and Its Relevance in Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147416. [PMID: 34299035 PMCID: PMC8306223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SET domain bifurcated 1 (SETDB1) is a histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methyltransferase that exerts important effects on epigenetic gene regulation. SETDB1 complexes (SETDB1-KRAB-KAP1, SETDB1-DNMT3A, SETDB1-PML, SETDB1-ATF7IP-MBD1) play crucial roles in the processes of histone methylation, transcriptional suppression and chromatin remodelling. Therefore, aberrant trimethylation at H3K9 due to amplification, mutation or deletion of SETDB1 may lead to transcriptional repression of various tumour-suppressing genes and other related genes in cancer cells. Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide in which SETDB1 amplification and H3K9 hypermethylation have been indicated as potential tumourigenesis markers. In contrast, frequent inactivation mutations of SETDB1 have been revealed in mesothelioma, an asbestos-associated, locally aggressive, highly lethal, and notoriously chemotherapy-resistant cancer. Above all, the different statuses of SETDB1 indicate that it may have different biological functions and be a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in lung cancer and mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wenbin Ou
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-571-86843303
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Wang Y, Huang J, Wu Q, Zhang J, Ma Z, Zhu L, Xia B, Ma S, Zhang S. Decitabine Sensitizes the Radioresistant Lung Adenocarcinoma to Pemetrexed Through Upregulation of Folate Receptor Alpha. Front Oncol 2021; 11:668798. [PMID: 34079760 PMCID: PMC8165306 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.668798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the backbone of subsequent treatment for patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) exhibiting radiation resistance, and pemetrexed plays a critical role in this chemotherapy. However, few studies have assessed changes in the sensitivity of LUAD cells to pemetrexed under radioresistant circumstances. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to delineate changes in the sensitivity of radioresistant LUAD cells to pemetrexed and to elucidate the related mechanisms and then develop an optimal strategy to improve the cytotoxicity of pemetrexed in radioresistant LUAD cells. Our study showed a much lower efficacy of pemetrexed in radioresistant cells than in parental cells, and the mechanism of action was the significant downregulation of folate receptor alpha (FRα) by long-term fractionated radiotherapy, which resulted in less cellular pemetrexed accumulation. Interestingly, decitabine effectively reversed the decrease in FRα expression in radioresistant cells through an indirect regulatory approach. Thereafter, we designed a combination therapy of pemetrexed and decitabine and showed that the activation of FRα by decitabine sensitizes radioresistant LUAD cells to pemetrexed both in vitro and in xenografts. Our findings raised a question regarding the administration of pemetrexed to patients with LUAD exhibiting acquired radioresistance and accordingly suggested that a combination of pemetrexed and decitabine would be a promising treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- The Fourth College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lucheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Cancer Medical Center, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Guo Y, Mao X, Xiong L, Xia A, You J, Lin G, Wu C, Huang L, Wang Y, Yang S. Structure-Guided Discovery of a Potent and Selective Cell-Active Inhibitor of SETDB1 Tudor Domain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8760-8765. [PMID: 33511756 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
SET domain bifurcated protein 1 (SETDB1) is a histone lysine methyltransferase that promotes the silencing of some tumour suppressor genes and is overexpressed in many cancers. SETDB1 contains a unique tandem tudor domain (TTD) that recognizes histone H3 sequences containing both methylated and acetylated lysines. Beginning with the identification of a hit compound (Cpd1), we discovered the first potent and selective small molecule SETDB1-TTD inhibitor (R,R)-59 through stepwise structure-guided optimization. (R,R)-59 showed a KD value of 0.088±0.045 μM in the ITC assay. The high potency of (R,R)-59 was well explained by the cocrystal structure of the (R,R)-59-TTD complex. (R,R)-59 is an endogenous binder competitive inhibitor. Evidence has also demonstrated its cellular target engagement. Interestingly, the enantiomer (S,S)-59 did not show activity in all the assays, highlighting the potential of (R,R)-59 as a tool compound in exploring the biological functions of SETDB1-TTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Liang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Anjie Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jing You
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Guifeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Chengyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Luyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
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8
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Guo Y, Mao X, Xiong L, Xia A, You J, Lin G, Wu C, Huang L, Wang Y, Yang S. Structure‐Guided Discovery of a Potent and Selective Cell‐Active Inhibitor of SETDB1 Tudor Domain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Xin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Liang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Anjie Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Jing You
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Guifeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Chengyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Luyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
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9
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Siti Sarah CO, Md Shukri N, Mohd Ashari NS, Wong KK. Zonula occludens and nasal epithelial barrier integrity in allergic rhinitis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9834. [PMID: 32953271 PMCID: PMC7476493 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disease affecting 400 million of the population worldwide. Nasal epithelial cells form a barrier against the invasion of environmental pathogens. These nasal epithelial cells are connected together by tight junction (TJ) proteins including zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), ZO-2 and ZO-3. Impairment of ZO proteins are observed in AR patients whereby dysfunction of ZOs allows allergens to pass the nasal passage into the subepithelium causing AR development. In this review, we discuss ZO proteins and their impairment leading to AR, regulation of their expression by Th1 cytokines (i.e., IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ), Th2 cytokines (i.e., IL-4 and IL-13) and histone deacetylases (i.e., HDAC1 and HDAC2). These findings are pivotal for future development of targeted therapies by restoring ZO protein expression and improving nasal epithelial barrier integrity in AR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Othman Siti Sarah
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norasnieda Md Shukri
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Noor Suryani Mohd Ashari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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10
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Zhang J, Yang C, Wu C, Cui W, Wang L. DNA Methyltransferases in Cancer: Biology, Paradox, Aberrations, and Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082123. [PMID: 32751889 PMCID: PMC7465608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferases are an essential class of modifiers in epigenetics. In mammals, DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B participate in DNA methylation to regulate normal biological functions, such as embryo development, cell differentiation and gene transcription. Aberrant functions of DNMTs are frequently associated with tumorigenesis. DNMT aberrations usually affect tumor-related factors, such as hypermethylated suppressor genes and genomic instability, which increase the malignancy of tumors, worsen the prognosis for patients, and greatly increase the difficulty of cancer therapy. However, the impact of DNMTs on tumors is still controversial, and therapeutic approaches targeting DNMTs are still under exploration. Here, we summarize the biological functions and paradoxes associated with DNMTs and we discuss some emerging strategies for targeting DNMTs in tumors, which may provide novel ideas for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.Z.); (C.Y.); (C.W.)
- Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.Z.); (C.Y.); (C.W.)
- Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.Z.); (C.Y.); (C.W.)
- Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.Z.); (C.Y.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.Z.); (C.Y.); (C.W.)
- Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (L.W.)
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11
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Vu T, Yang S, Datta PK. MiR-216b/Smad3/BCL-2 Axis Is Involved in Smoking-Mediated Drug Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1879. [PMID: 32668597 PMCID: PMC7408725 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have shown that vast majority of lung cancers (85-90%) are causally linked to tobacco smoking. Although much information has been gained about the effects of smoking on various signaling pathways, little is known about how deregulation of miRNAs leads to activation of oncogenes and inhibition of tumor suppressor genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our previous study showed that smoking inhibits TGF-β-induced tumor suppressor functions through downregulation of Smad3 in lung cancer cells. In order to understand the upstream mechanism of downregulation of Smad3 by smoking, we performed miRNA microarray analyses after treating human lung adenocarcinoma A549 and immortalized peripheral lung epithelial HPL1A cells with cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). We identified miR-216b as being upregulated in CSC treated cells. MiR-216b overexpression decreases Smad3 protein expression by binding to its 3'-UTR, and attenuates transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling and target gene expression. MiR-216b increases B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) expression and promotes chemoresistance of NSCLC cells by decreasing apoptosis. Increased acetylation of histones H3 and H4 in miR-216b gene promoter plays a role in CSC induced miR-216b expression. Taken together, these results suggest that smoking-mediated upregulation of miR-216b increases NSCLC cell growth by downregulating Smad3 and inhibiting TGF-β-induced tumor suppressor function, and induces resistance to platinum-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Vu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.V.); (S.Y.)
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Shanzhong Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.V.); (S.Y.)
| | - Pran K. Datta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.V.); (S.Y.)
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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12
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Zhang Z, Li W, Jiang D, Liu C, Lai Z. MicroRNA-139-5p inhibits cell viability, migration and invasion and suppresses tumor growth by targeting HDGF in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1806-1814. [PMID: 32194674 PMCID: PMC7039177 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNAs) serve key roles in the progress of various types of cancer. The expression of miRNA (miR)-139-5p is downregulated in several types of tumor and has been recognized as a tumor suppressor. However, the role of miR-139-5p in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been investigated in detail. In the present study, it was demonstrated that miR-139-5p was significantly downregulated in NSCLC cells and tissues, and the overexpression of miR-139-5p in vitro induced apoptosis and significantly inhibited the viability and proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells. In addition, upregulation of miR-139-5p significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of A549 and H1299 cells. Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) was identified as a direct target of miR-139-5p. Rescue experiments demonstrated that the inhibitory function of miR-139-5p on cell viability, migration and invasion was partially mediated by suppressing HDGF expression. Furthermore, miR-139-5p exhibited efficient inhibition of tumor growth in a xenograft tumor mouse model of A549 cells. In summary, the results from the present study suggested that miR-139-5p may serve an important role in NSCLC by targeting HDGF and causing inhibition of cell viability and metastasis, as well as induction of apoptosis. miR-139-5p may also have the potential to serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxiong Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Weizhi Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tumor Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Damei Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Chi Liu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghong Lai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
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13
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Ko PH, Lenka G, Chen YA, Chuang EY, Tsai MH, Sher YP, Lai LC. Semaphorin 5A suppresses the proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 56:165-177. [PMID: 31789397 PMCID: PMC6910195 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 5A (SEMA5A), a member of the semaphorin family, plays an important role in axonal guidance. Previously, the authors identified another possible role of SEMA5A as a prognostic biomarker for non-smoking women with lung adenocarcinoma in Taiwan, and this phenomenon has been validated in other ethnic groups. However, the functional significance of SEMA5A in lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear. Therefore, we assessed the function of SEMA5A in three lung adenocarcinoma cell lines in this study. Kaplan-Meier Plotter for lung cancer was conducted for survival analyses. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis were performed to investigate the expression and post-translational regulation of SEMA5A in lung adenocar-cinoma cell lines. A pre-designed PyroMark CpG assay and 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment were used to measure the methylation levels of SEMA5A. The biological functions of lung adenocarcinoma cells overexpressing SEMA5A were investigated by microarrays, and validated both in vitro (proliferation, colony formation and migration assays) and in vivo (tumor xenografts) experiments. The results revealed that the hypermethylation of SEMA5A and the cleavage of the extracellular domain of SEMA5A were responsible for the downregulation of the SEMA5A levels in lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549 and H1299) as compared to the normal controls. Functional analysis of SEMA5A-regulated genes revealed that they were involved in cellular growth and proliferation. The overexpression of SEMA5A in A549 and H1299 cells significantly decreased the proliferation (P<0.01), colony formation (P<0.001) and migratory ability (P<0.01) of the cells. The suppressive effects of SEMA5A on the proliferative and migratory ability of the cells were also observed in both in vitro and in vivo experiments using brain metastatic Bm7 lung adenocarcinoma cells. On the whole, the findings of this study suggest a suppressive role for SEMA5A in lung adenocarcinoma involving the inhibition of the proliferation and migration of lung transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Hao Ko
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Govinda Lenka
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Eric Y Chuang
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mong-Hsun Tsai
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuh-Pyng Sher
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Liang-Chuan Lai
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan, R.O.C
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14
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Liu WJ, Du Y, Wen R, Yang M, Xu J. Drug resistance to targeted therapeutic strategies in non-small cell lung cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 206:107438. [PMID: 31715289 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly developing molecular biology techniques have been employed to identify cancer driver genes in specimens from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Inhibitors and antibodies that specifically target driver gene-mediated signaling pathways to suppress tumor growth and progression are expected to extend the survival time and further improve the quality of life of patients. However, the health of patients with advanced and metastatic NSCLC presents significant challenges due to treatment resistance, mediated by cancer driver gene alteration, epigenetic alteration, and tumor heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss two different resistance mechanisms in NSCLC targeted therapies, namely changes in the targeted oncogenes (on-target resistance) and changes in other related signaling pathways (off-target resistance) in tumor cells. We highlight the conventional mechanisms of drug resistance elicited by the complex heterogeneous microenvironment of NSCLC during targeted therapy, including mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), the receptor tyrosine kinase ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1), and the serine/threonine-protein kinase BRAF (v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B). We also discuss the mechanism of action of less common oncoproteins, as in-depth understanding of these molecular mechanisms is important for optimizing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ru Wen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Ming Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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15
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16
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Shi B, Behrens C, Vaghani V, Riquelme EM, Rodriguez-Canales J, Kadara H, Lin H, Lee J, Liu H, Wistuba I, Simon G. Oncogenic enhancer of zeste homolog 2 is an actionable target in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6383-6392. [PMID: 31456359 PMCID: PMC6797579 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aims of this study were to investigate the link between enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) in preclinical studies and in human lung cancer tissue microarrays. Methods Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 and HDAC1 mRNA expression in two lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) datasets (MDACC and TCGA) were correlated with patient outcomes. We evaluated the association of EZH2 and HDAC1 expression with response to the HDAC1 inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). The response to SAHA was assessed at baseline and after alteration of EZH2 or HDAC mRNA expression in LUAD cell lines. Results Direct correlation was found between EZH2 and HDAC1 expression (P < 0.0001). When EZH2 expression was knocked down‐ or upregulated, there was a corresponding decrease or increase in expression of HDAC expression, respectively. Cell lines with high EZH2 expression responded to SAHA treatment with a mean inhibition rate of 73.1% compared to 43.2% in cell lines with low EZH2 expression (P < 0.0001). This correlation was confirmed in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens from MDACC (Spearman's correlation r = 0.416; P < 0.0001) and TCGA datasets (r = 0.221; P < 0.0001). Patients with high EZH2 and high HDAC1 expression in stage I NSCLC specimens of both datasets had the lowest survival compared to the patients with low expression of either or both markers. Conclusion Our findings show that overexpression of EZH2 is a negative prognostic indicator. Increased EZH2 expression predicts for response to HDAC inhibitors and thus could serve as a biomarker for selecting NSCLC patients for treatment with HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shi
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carmen Behrens
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Viralkumar Vaghani
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,University of Texas School of Biomedical Informatics, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Humam Kadara
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Heather Lin
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jack Lee
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hui Liu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - George Simon
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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17
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Feingold PL, Surman DR, Brown K, Xu Y, McDuffie LA, Shukla V, Reardon ES, Crooks DR, Trepel JB, Lee S, Lee MJ, Gao S, Xi S, McLoughlin KC, Diggs LP, Beer DG, Nancarrow DJ, Neckers LM, Davis JL, Hoang CD, Hernandez JM, Schrump DS, Ripley RT. Induction of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein by a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Entinostat, Is Associated with DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2013-2023. [PMID: 29934340 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In 2017, an estimated 17,000 individuals were diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), and less than 20% will survive 5 years. Positron emission tomography avidity is indicative of high glucose utilization and is nearly universal in EAC. TXNIP blocks glucose uptake and exhibits proapoptotic functions. Higher expression in EAC has been associated with improved disease-specific survival, lack of lymph node involvement, reduced perineural invasion, and increased tumor differentiation. We hypothesized that TXNIP may act as a tumor suppressor that sensitizes EAC cells to standard chemotherapeutics. EAC cell lines and a Barrett epithelial cell line were used. qRT-PCR, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence techniques evaluated gene expression. TXNIP was stably overexpressed or knocked down using lentiviral RNA transduction techniques. Murine xenograft methods examined growth following overexpression of TXNIP. Apoptosis and DNA damage were measured by annexin V and γH2AX assays. Activation of the intrinsic apoptosis was quantitated with green fluorescence protein-caspase 3 reporter assay. In cultured cells and an esophageal tissue array, TXNIP expression was higher in Barrett epithelia and normal tissue compared with EAC. Constitutive overexpression of TXNIP decreased proliferation, clonogenicity, and tumor xenograft growth. TXNIP overexpression increased, whereas knockdown abrogated, DNA damage and apoptosis following cisplatin treatment. An HDAC inhibitor, entinostat (currently in clinical trials), upregulated TXNIP and synergistically increased cisplatin-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis. TXNIP is a tumor suppressor that is downregulated in EACC. Its reexpression dramatically sensitizes these cells to cisplatin. Our findings support phase I/II evaluation of "priming" strategies to enhance the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutics in EAC. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(9); 2013-23. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Feingold
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deborah R Surman
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kate Brown
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yuan Xu
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lucas A McDuffie
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vivek Shukla
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emily S Reardon
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel R Crooks
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jane B Trepel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sunmin Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Min-Jung Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shaojian Gao
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sichuan Xi
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kaitlin C McLoughlin
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laurence P Diggs
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David G Beer
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Derek J Nancarrow
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Leonard M Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeremy L Davis
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chuong D Hoang
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jonathan M Hernandez
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David S Schrump
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - R Taylor Ripley
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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18
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Significance of Methylation of FBP1 Gene in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3726091. [PMID: 29984231 PMCID: PMC6015716 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3726091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Because NSCLC has poor overall prognosis and is frequently diagnosed at later stage, we aimed to seek novel diagnosis biomarkers or therapy target of the disease in this study. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis, which was usually lost in NSCLC due to abnormal methylation in promoter DNA sequence. The clinical data indicated that the methylation rate in FBP1 gene promoter was negatively related to the overall survival of the NSCLC patients. DNA methylation transferase inhibitor 5-aza treatment could significantly increase both expression levels of mRNA and protein in A549 cell line. On the other hand, silence of FBP1 in H460 cell line by using specific siRNA against FBP1 dramatically improved the cell proliferation and cell migration according to the date of FACS and transwell assays. All these findings implied the important roles of FBP1 expression in lung cancer development and progression and the potential use of the methylation status detected in FBP1 promoter region as a novel predictor for prognosis and therapeutic target for NSCLC patients.
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19
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Dockry É, O'Leary S, Gleeson LE, Lyons J, Keane J, Gray SG, Doherty DG. Epigenetic induction of CD1d expression primes lung cancer cells for killing by invariant natural killer T cells. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1428156. [PMID: 29872551 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1428156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies that target CD1d-restricted invariant NKT (iNKT) cells can prevent tumor growth in murine models but trials in humans have shown limited clinical efficacy. Here, we show that iNKT cells are depleted from blood and bronchial lavage samples from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) suggesting a role for these cells in immunity against NSCLC. We interrogated the Lung Cancer Explorer and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases of NSCLC patients and found that pulmonary CD1d expression is reduced in patients with NSCLC and that low expression of CD1d mRNA is significantly associated with poor patient survival. We hypothesized that CD1d expression in NSCLC is epigenetically regulated and can be modulated using epigenetic targeting therapies. Treatment of the CD1d-negative NSCLC cell lines, A549 and SK-MES-1, with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors resulted in a dose-dependent induction of CD1d mRNA and protein expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that this induction of CD1d expression directly involved chromatin remodelling. Induction of CD1d expression by A549 and SK-MES-1 cells using therapeutic low doses of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors made them targets for iNKT cell-mediated cytolytic degranulation. Thus, epigenetic manipulation of CD1d expression may augment the efficacy of iNKT cell-based immunotherapies for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éilis Dockry
- Department of Immunology, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seónadh O'Leary
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura E Gleeson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Judith Lyons
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph Keane
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven G Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek G Doherty
- Department of Immunology, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Yang Y, Huang Y, Wang Z, Wang HT, Duan B, Ye D, Wang C, Jing R, Leng Y, Xi J, Chen W, Wang G, Jia W, Zhu S, Kang J. HDAC10 promotes lung cancer proliferation via AKT phosphorylation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:59388-59401. [PMID: 27449083 PMCID: PMC5312319 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10) is a member of the class II HDACs, and its role in cancer is emerging. In this study, we found that HDAC10 is highly expressed in lung cancer tissues. It resides mainly in the cytoplasm of lung cancer cells but resides in the nucleus of adjacent normal cells. Further examinations revealed that HDAC10 resides in the cytoplasm in multiple lung cancer cell lines, including the A549, H358 and H460 cell lines, but mainly resides in the nucleus of normal lung epithelial 16HBE cells. A leucine-rich motif, R505L506L507C508V509A510L511, was identified as its nuclear localization signal (NLS), and a mutant (Mut-505-511) featuring mutations to A at each of its original R and L positions was found to be nuclear-localization defective. Functional analysis revealed that HDAC10 promoted lung cancer cell growth and that its knockdown induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mechanistic studies showed that HDAC10 knockdown significantly decreased the phosphorylation of AKT at Ser473 and that AKT expression significantly rescued the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis elicited by HDAC10 knockdown. A co-immunoprecipitation assay suggested that HDAC10 interacts with AKT and that inhibition of HDAC10 activity decreases its interaction with and phosphorylation of AKT. Finally, we confirmed that HDAC10 promoted lung cancer proliferation in a mouse model. Our study demonstrated that HDAC10 localizes and functions in the cytoplasm of lung cancer cells, thereby underscoring its potential role in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Yang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yitong Huang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Zhantong Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Hsin-Tzu Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Baoyu Duan
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Dan Ye
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Chenxin Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqi Jing
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Ye Leng
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jiajie Xi
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Guiying Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Jia
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Songcheng Zhu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jiuhong Kang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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21
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Cho JH, Oezkan F, Koenig M, Otterson GA, Herman JG, He K. Epigenetic Therapeutics and Their Impact in Immunotherapy of Lung Cancer. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 3:360-373. [PMID: 29503796 PMCID: PMC5831502 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and worldwide. Novel therapeutic developments are critically necessary to improve outcomes for this disease. Aberrant epigenetic change plays an important role in lung cancer development and progression. Therefore, drugs targeting the epigenome are being investigated in the treatment of lung cancer. Monotherapy of epigenetic therapeutics such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have so far not shown any apparent benefit while one of the clinical trials with the combinations of DNMTi and HDACi showed a small positive signal for treating lung cancer. Combinations of DNMTi and HDACi with chemotherapies have some efficacy but are often limited by increased toxicities. Preclinical data and clinical trial results suggest that combining epigenetic therapeutics with targeted therapies might potentially improve outcomes in lung cancer patients. Furthermore, several clinical studies suggest that the HDACi vorinostat could be used as a radiosensitizer in lung cancer patients receiving radiation therapy. Immune checkpoint blockade therapies are revolutionizing lung cancer management. However, only a minority of lung cancer patients experience long-lasting benefits from immunotherapy. The role of epigenetic reprogramming in boosting the effects of immunotherapy is an area of active investigation. Preclinical studies and early clinical trial results support this approach which may improve lung cancer treatment, with potentially prolonged survival and tolerable toxicity. In this review, we discuss the current status of epigenetic therapeutics and their combination with other antineoplastic therapies, including novel immunotherapies, in lung cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Cho
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, The
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Filiz Oezkan
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, The
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German
Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Koenig
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, The
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregory A. Otterson
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, The
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James Gordon Herman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kai He
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, The
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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22
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Seo SK, Lee JH, Chon SJ, Yun BH, Cho S, Choi YS, Lee BS. Trichostatin A Induces NAG-1 Expression and Apoptosis in Human Endometriotic Stromal Cells. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:1349-1356. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719117741372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seok Kyo Seo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Women’s Life Medical Science, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Women’s Life Medical Science, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joo Chon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gil Hospital, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Namdong-gu, Inchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Hyon Yun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Women’s Life Medical Science, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sihyun Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Women’s Life Medical Science, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Seok Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Women’s Life Medical Science, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Mari-Alexandre J, Diaz-Lagares A, Villalba M, Juan O, Crujeiras AB, Calvo A, Sandoval J. Translating cancer epigenomics into the clinic: focus on lung cancer. Transl Res 2017. [PMID: 28644958 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic deregulation is increasingly being recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Recent studies have identified many new epigenetic biomarkers, some of which are being introduced into clinical practice for diagnosis, molecular classification, prognosis or prediction of response to therapies. O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene is the most clinically advanced epigenetic biomarker as it predicts the response to temozolomide and carmustine in gliomas. Therefore, epigenomics may represent a novel and promising tool for precision medicine, and in particular, the detection of epigenomic biomarkers in liquid biopsies will be of great interest for monitoring diseases in patients. Of particular relevance is the identification of epigenetic biomarkers in lung cancer, one of the most prevalent and deadly types of cancer. DNA methylation of SHOX2 and RASSF1A could be used as diagnostic markers to differentiate between normal and tumor samples. MicroRNA and long noncoding RNA signatures associated with lung cancer development or tobacco smoke have also been identified. In addition to the field of biomarkers, therapeutic approaches using DNA methylation and histone deacetylation inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials for several cancer types. Moreover, new DNA editing techniques based on zinc finger and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies allow specific modification of aberrant methylation found in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. We envision that epigenomics will translate into the clinical field and will have an impact on lung cancer diagnosis/prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Mari-Alexandre
- Unit of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Sudden Death and Mechanisms of Disease, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angel Diaz-Lagares
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS), CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Villalba
- Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; CIBERONC, IDISNA and Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Oscar Juan
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit. Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana B Crujeiras
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Calvo
- Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; CIBERONC, IDISNA and Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Juan Sandoval
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit. Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
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24
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Ashoor H, Louis-Brennetot C, Janoueix-Lerosey I, Bajic VB, Boeva V. HMCan-diff: a method to detect changes in histone modifications in cells with different genetic characteristics. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:e58. [PMID: 28053124 PMCID: PMC5416852 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparing histone modification profiles between cancer and normal states, or across different tumor samples, can provide insights into understanding cancer initiation, progression and response to therapy. ChIP-seq histone modification data of cancer samples are distorted by copy number variation innate to any cancer cell. We present HMCan-diff, the first method designed to analyze ChIP-seq data to detect changes in histone modifications between two cancer samples of different genetic backgrounds, or between a cancer sample and a normal control. HMCan-diff explicitly corrects for copy number bias, and for other biases in the ChIP-seq data, which significantly improves prediction accuracy compared to methods that do not consider such corrections. On in silico simulated ChIP-seq data generated using genomes with differences in copy number profiles, HMCan-diff shows a much better performance compared to other methods that have no correction for copy number bias. Additionally, we benchmarked HMCan-diff on four experimental datasets, characterizing two histone marks in two different scenarios. We correlated changes in histone modifications between a cancer and a normal control sample with changes in gene expression. On all experimental datasets, HMCan-diff demonstrated better performance compared to the other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Ashoor
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Vladimir B Bajic
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valentina Boeva
- Institut Curie, Inserm U900, Mines ParisTech, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes UMR-S1016, F-75014 Paris, France
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25
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Bai J, Zhang X, Liu B, Wang H, Du Z, Song J. Silencing DNA methyltransferase 1 leads to the activation of the esophageal suppressor gene p16 in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3077-3081. [PMID: 28927055 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is required for the maintenance of DNA methylation and epigenetic changes that may lead to the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In order to investigate whether the silencing of DNMT1 protects tumor suppressor genes, including p16, and is able to be used as a potential therapy for human ESCC, short hairpin RNA targeting DNMT1 (shRNA-DNMT1) was synthesized and transfected into the human ESCC lines KYSE150 and KYSE410, which were then injected into the backs of nude mice prior to harvesting. Results from the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting demonstrated that p16 mRNA expression was increased in the shRNA-DNMT1-transfected ESCC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with the immunohistochemistry results, p16 was expressed in tumor tissue from nude mice that had been transplanted with the modified human ESCC lines. It was also observed that p16 methylation was inhibited following transfection with shRNA-DNMT1 as detected using methylation-specific PCR analysis. The results of the present study suggest that silencing DNMT1 serves a protective role through the demethylation and subsequent activation of p16 in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Bai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Bangqing Liu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang 541100, P.R. China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang 541001, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzong Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanxi Shan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang 541002, P.R. China
| | - Jianfei Song
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang 541100, P.R. China
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27
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Shieh JM, Tang YA, Hu FH, Huang WJ, Wang YJ, Jen J, Liao SY, Lu YH, Yeh YL, Wang TW, Lin P, Wang YC. A histone deacetylase inhibitor enhances expression of genes inhibiting Wnt pathway and augments activity of DNA demethylation reagent against nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2375-2386. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Min Shieh
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine; Chi Mei Medical Center; Tainan Taiwan ROC
- The Center of General Education, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science; Tainan Taiwan ROC
| | - Yen-An Tang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan ROC
| | - Fu-Han Hu
- Department of Pharmacology; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan ROC
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan ROC
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan ROC
| | - Jayu Jen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan ROC
| | - Sheng-You Liao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan ROC
| | - Ying-Hung Lu
- Department of Pharmacology; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan ROC
| | - Ya-Ling Yeh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan ROC
| | - Tseng-Wei Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes; Zhunan Taiwan ROC
| | - Pinpin Lin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes; Zhunan Taiwan ROC
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan ROC
- Department of Pharmacology; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan ROC
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28
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Park JY, Juhnn YS. cAMP signaling increases histone deacetylase 8 expression via the Epac2-Rap1A-Akt pathway in H1299 lung cancer cells. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e297. [PMID: 28232663 PMCID: PMC5336561 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the signaling pathway that mediates cyclic AMP (cAMP)-induced inhibition of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) degradation, and the effect and underlying mechanisms of the resulting increase in HDAC8 expression on cisplatin-induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells. cAMP signaling increased HDAC8 expression via a protein kinase A (PKA)-independent pathway in H1299 non-small cell lung cancer cells. However, treatment with a selective activator of an exchange protein that was activated by cAMP (Epac) increased HDAC8 expression, and Epac2 inhibition abolished the isoproterenol (ISO)-induced increase in HDAC8 expression. ISO and the Epac activator activated Rap1, and Rap1A activation increased HDAC8 expression; moreover, inhibition of Rap1A with a dominant negative Rap1A or by shRNA-mediated knockdown abolished the ISO-induced increase in HDAC8 expression. Activation of cAMP signaling and Rap1A decreased the activating phosphorylation of Akt. Akt inhibition with a pharmacological inhibitor or expression of a dominant negative Akt inhibited the MKK4/JNK pathway and increased HDAC8 expression. The Akt inhibitor-induced increase in HDAC8 expression was abolished by pretreatment with proteasomal or lysosomal inhibitors. The ISO treatment increased cisplatin-induced apoptosis, which was abolished by HDAC8 knockdown. Exogenous HDAC8 expression increased cisplatin-induced apoptosis and decreased TIPRL expression, and the knockdown of TIPRL increased the apoptosis of cisplatin-treated cells. The ISO treatment decreased cisplatin-induced transcription of the TIPRL gene in a HDAC8-dependent manner. In conclusion, the Epac–Rap1–Akt pathway mediates cAMP signaling-induced inhibition of JNK-dependent HDAC8 degradation, and the resulting HDAC8 increase augments cisplatin-induced apoptosis by repressing TIPRL expression in H1299 lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Juhnn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Karanth AV, Maniswami RR, Prashanth S, Govindaraj H, Padmavathy R, Jegatheesan SK, Mullangi R, Rajagopal S. Emerging role of SETDB1 as a therapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:319-331. [PMID: 28076698 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1279604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epigenetic changes lead to aberrant gene expression in cancer. SETDB1, a histone lysine methyltransferase plays an important role in methylation and gene silencing. Aberrant histone methylation at H3K9 by SETDB1 promotes silencing of tumor suppressor genes and thus contributes to carcinogenesis. Recent studies indicate that SETDB1 is abnormally expressed in various human cancer conditions which contributed to enhanced tumor growth and metastasis. Hence, SETDB1 appears to be a promising epigenetic target for therapeutic intervention. Areas covered: In this article, the structural features, localization and functions of SETDB1 are reviewed. Also, an overview of the role of SETDB1 in cancer and other disease mechanisms, the currently studied inhibitors for SETDB1 are mentioned. Expert opinion: Silencing of tumor suppressor genes due to excessive trimethylation at H3K9 by amplified SETDB1 levels is found in various cancerous conditions. Since epigenetic changes are reversible, SETDB1 holds promise as an important therapeutic target for cancer. Therefore, a better understanding of the role of SETDB1 and its interaction with various proteins in cancer-related mechanisms along with therapeutic interventions specific for SETDB1 may improve targeted cancer therapy.
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30
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Hassan HE, Keita JA, Narayan L, Brady SM, Frederick R, Carlson S, C Glass K, Natesan S, Buttolph T, Fandy TE. The combination of dimethoxycurcumin with DNA methylation inhibitor enhances gene re-expression of promoter-methylated genes and antagonizes their cytotoxic effect. Epigenetics 2016; 11:740-749. [PMID: 27588609 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1226452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin and its analogs exhibited antileukemic activity either as single agent or in combination therapy. Dimethoxycurcumin (DMC) is a more metabolically stable curcumin analog that was shown to induce the expression of promoter-methylated genes without reversing DNA methylation. Accordingly, co-treatment with DMC and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors could hypothetically enhance the re-expression of promoter-methylated tumor suppressor genes. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects and epigenetic changes associated with the combination of DMC and the DNMT inhibitor decitabine (DAC) in primary leukemia samples and cell lines. The combination demonstrated antagonistic cytotoxic effects and was minimally cytotoxic to primary leukemia cells. The combination did not affect the metabolic stability of DMC. Although the combination enhanced the downregulation of nuclear DNMT proteins, the hypomethylating activity of the combination was not increased significantly compared to DAC alone. On the other hand, the combination significantly increased H3K27 acetylation (H3K27Ac) compared to the single agents near the promoter region of promoter-methylated genes. Furthermore, sequential chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and DNA pyrosequencing of the chromatin-enriched H3K27Ac did not show any significant decrease in DNA methylation compared to other regions. Consequently, the enhanced induction of promoter-methylated genes by the combination compared to DAC alone is mediated by a mechanism that involves increased histone acetylation and not through potentiation of the DNA hypomethylating activity of DAC. Collectively, our results provide the mechanistic basis for further characterization of this combination in leukemia animal models and early phase clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem E Hassan
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland , Baltimore , MD , USA.,b Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Jean-Arnaud Keita
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Albany College of Pharmacy (Vermont Campus) , Colchester , VT , USA
| | - Lawrence Narayan
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Albany College of Pharmacy (Vermont Campus) , Colchester , VT , USA
| | - Sean M Brady
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Albany College of Pharmacy (Vermont Campus) , Colchester , VT , USA
| | - Richard Frederick
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Albany College of Pharmacy (Vermont Campus) , Colchester , VT , USA
| | - Samuel Carlson
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Albany College of Pharmacy (Vermont Campus) , Colchester , VT , USA
| | - Karen C Glass
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Albany College of Pharmacy (Vermont Campus) , Colchester , VT , USA
| | - Senthil Natesan
- d Department of Experimental and Systems Pharmacology , Washington State University , Spokane , WA , USA
| | - Thomm Buttolph
- e Department of Neurological Sciences , University of Vermont , Burlington , VT , USA
| | - Tamer E Fandy
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Albany College of Pharmacy (Vermont Campus) , Colchester , VT , USA
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31
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Brenner C, Luciani J, Bizet M, Ndlovu M, Josseaux E, Dedeurwaerder S, Calonne E, Putmans P, Cartron PF, Defrance M, Fuks F, Deplus R. The interplay between the lysine demethylase KDM1A and DNA methyltransferases in cancer cells is cell cycle dependent. Oncotarget 2016; 7:58939-58952. [PMID: 27449289 PMCID: PMC5312287 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone modifications are key epigenetic regulators of gene expression, and tight connections are known between the two. DNA methyltransferases are upregulated in several tumors and aberrant DNA methylation profiles are a cancer hallmark. On the other hand, histone demethylases are upregulated in cancer cells. Previous work on ES cells has shown that the lysine demethylase KDM1A binds to DNMT1, thereby affecting DNA methylation. In cancer cells, the occurrence of this interaction has not been explored. Here we demonstrate in several tumor cell lines an interaction between KDM1A and both DNMT1 and DNMT3B. Intriguingly and in contrast to what is observed in ES cells, KDM1A depletion in cancer cells was found not to trigger any reduction in the DNMT1 or DNMT3B protein level or any change in DNA methylation. In the S-phase, furthermore, KDM1A and DNMT1 were found, to co-localize within the heterochromatin. Using P-LISA, we revealed substantially increased binding of KDM1A to DNMT1 during the S-phase. Together, our findings propose a mechanistic link between KDM1A and DNA methyltransferases in cancer cells and suggest that the KDM1A/DNMT1 interaction may play a role during replication. Our work also strengthens the idea that DNMTs can exert functions unrelated to act on DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Brenner
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Judith Luciani
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Bizet
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matladi Ndlovu
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eleonore Josseaux
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Dedeurwaerder
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilie Calonne
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascale Putmans
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Francois Cartron
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, INSERM, U892, Equipe Apoptose et Progression Tumorale, BP7021, 44007 Nantes, France
- Département de Recherche en Cancérologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, IFR26, F-4400, Nantes, France
- LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, 44805 Nantes, Saint Herblain Cedex, France
| | - Matthieu Defrance
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - François Fuks
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rachel Deplus
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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Romero OA, Verdura S, Torres-Diz M, Gomez A, Moran S, Condom E, Esteller M, Villanueva A, Sanchez-Cespedes M. Sensitization of retinoids and corticoids to epigenetic drugs in MYC-activated lung cancers by antitumor reprogramming. Oncogene 2016; 36:1287-1296. [PMID: 27593925 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Components of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, including BRG1 (also SMARCA4), are inactivated in cancer. Among other functions, SWI/SNF orchestrates the response to retinoid acid (RA) and glucocorticoids (GC) involving downregulation of MYC. The epigenetic drugs SAHA and azacytidine, as well as RA and GC, are currently being used to treat some malignancies but their therapeutic potential in lung cancer is not well established. Here we aimed to determine the possible therapeutic effects of azacytidine and SAHA (A/S) alone or in combination with GC plus RA (GC/RA) in lung cancers with either BRG1 inactivation or MYC amplification. In vitro, responses to GC/RA treatment were more effective in MYC-amplified cells. These effects were mediated by BRG1 and involved a reprogramming towards prodifferentiation gene expression signatures and downregulation of MYC. In MYC-amplified cells, administration of GC/RA enhanced the cell growth inhibitory effects of A/S which, in turn, accentuated the prodifferentiation features promoted by GC/RA. Finally, these treatments improved overall survival of mice orthotopically implanted with MYC-amplified, but not BRG1-mutant, cells and reduced tumor cell viability and proliferation. We propose that the combination of epigenetic treatments with retinoids and corticoids of MYC-driven lung tumors constitute a strategy for therapeutic intervention in this otherwise incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Romero
- Genes and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Verdura
- Genes and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Torres-Diz
- Genes and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Gomez
- Cancer Epigenetics Groups, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Moran
- Cancer Epigenetics Groups, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Condom
- Pathology Department, Bellvitge Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics Groups, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Villanueva
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Sanchez-Cespedes
- Genes and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
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Yang S, Cho YJ, Jin L, Yuan G, Datta A, Buckhaults P, Datta PK. An epigenetic auto-feedback loop regulates TGF-β type II receptor expression and function in NSCLC. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33237-52. [PMID: 26356817 PMCID: PMC4741762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The downregulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type II receptor (TβRII) expression and function plays a pivotal role in the loss of the TGF-β-induced tumor suppressor function that contributes to lung cancer progression. The aberrant expression of miRNAs has been shown to be involved in the regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Our current study involving miRNA microarray, northern blot and QRT-PCR analysis shows an inverse correlation between miR-20a and TβRII expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and cell lines. Stable expression of miR-20a downregulates TβRII in lung epithelial cells which results in an inhibition of TGF-β signaling and attenuation of TGF-β-induced cell growth suppression and apoptosis. Stable knock down of miR-20a increases TβRII expression and inhibits tumorigenicity of lung cancer cells in vivo. Oncogene c-Myc promotes miR-20a expression by activating its promoter leading to downregulation of TβRII expression and TGF-Δ signaling. MiR-145, which is upregulated by TGF-β, inhibits miR-20a expression by targeting c-Myc and upregulates TβRII expression. These correlations among miRNAs and cellular proteins are supported by TCGA public database using NSCLC specimens. These results suggest a novel mechanism for the loss of TβRII expression and TGF-β-induced tumor suppressor functions in lung cancer through a complex auto-feedback loop TGF-β/miR-145/c-Myc/miR-20a/TβRII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhong Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yong-Jig Cho
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lin Jin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Guandou Yuan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Arunima Datta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Phillip Buckhaults
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pran K Datta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Li LH, Zhang PR, Cai PY, Li ZC. Histone deacetylase inhibitor, Romidepsin (FK228) inhibits endometrial cancer cell growth through augmentation of p53-p21 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:161-6. [PMID: 27470351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Romidepsin (FK228), a Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, has been used for anti-cancer therapies. However, the anti-cancer effect of FK228 and its underlying mechanism in endometrial carcinoma (EC) have not been studied. The aime of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of FK228 and the associated mechanism(s) in EC. METHODS Ishikawa and HEC-1-A endometrial cancer cells were treated with 8nM concentration of FK228 and cell growth was measured by XTT assay. The cell cycle distribution and cell death were measured by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, respectively. The mNRA and protein expressions were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. RESULTS Based on assays carried out in EC cell lines, it was observed that FK228 inhibited EC cell proliferation in a dose and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, following treatment with FK228 for 48h, there were significant induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in EC cells. Moreover, FK228 treatment significantly increased the mRNA and protein expressions of p53, p21, cleaved caspases such as 3, 7 and 8 and PARP. Further, FK228 treatment increased the levels of acetylated histone H3 and H4 that confirms the HDAC inhibition. CONCLUSION In conclusion, FK228 inhibits EC tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by activation caspase/PARP via the induction of p53/p21 signaling cascades, suggesting that FK228 is a potential therapeutic agent for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Hong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical College, China.
| | - Pei-Ru Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical College, China
| | - Pei-Ya Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical College, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Li
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical College, China
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Liu B, Song J, Luan J, Sun X, Bai J, Wang H, Li A, Zhang L, Feng X, Du Z. Promoter methylation status of tumor suppressor genes and inhibition of expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1531-9. [PMID: 27190263 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216645211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic DNA modification catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). The purpose of this study was to investigate DNMT1 gene and protein expression and the effects of methylation status on tumor suppressor genes in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines grown in vitro and in vivo Human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, A549 and H838, were grown in vitro and inoculated subcutaneously into nude mice to form tumors and were then treated with the DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, with and without treatment with the benzamide histone deacetylase inhibitor, entinostat (MS-275). DNMT1 protein expression was quantified by Western blot. Promoter methylation status of tumor suppressor genes (RASSF1A, ASC, APC, MGMT, CDH13, DAPK, ECAD, P16, and GATA4) was evaluated by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Methylation status of the tumor suppressor genes was regulated by the DNMT1 gene, with the decrease of DNMT1 expression following DNA methylation treatment. Demethylation of tumor suppressor genes (APC, ASC, and RASSF1A) restored tumor growth in nude mice. The results of this study support a role for methylation of DNA as a potential epigenetic clinical biomarker of prognosis or response to therapy and for DNMT1 as a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangqing Liu
- Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Jianfei Song
- Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Jiaqiang Luan
- Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
| | - Jian Bai
- Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
| | - Angui Li
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
| | - Lifei Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Xiaoyan Feng
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
| | - Zhenzong Du
- Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
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36
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Sulforaphane suppresses in vitro and in vivo lung tumorigenesis through downregulation of HDAC activity. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Martinez ED, Gazdar AF. Inhibiting the Jumonji family: a potential new clinical approach to targeting aberrant epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenomics 2016; 8:313-6. [PMID: 26918824 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth D Martinez
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Harold C Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Adi F Gazdar
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Harold C Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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38
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Zeng WL, Chen YW, Zhou H, Zhou JY, Wei M, Shi R. Expression of HERC4 in lung cancer and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:513-7. [PMID: 25684480 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.2.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that the members of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are important for tumorigenesis. HERC4, one component, is a recently identified ubiqutin ligase. However, the expression level and function role of HERC4 in lung cancer remain unknown. Our objective was to investigate any correlation between HERC4 and development of lung cancer and its clinical significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine HERC4 expression in lung cancer, an immunohistochemistry analysis of a tissue microarray containing samples of 10 lung normal tissues, 15 pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas, 45 squamous epithelial cancers and 50 adenocarcinomas was conducted. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to obtain a cut-off point of 52.5%, above which the expression of HERC4 was regarded as "positive". RESULTS On the basis of ROC curve analysis, positive expression of HERC4 was detected in 0/10 (0.0%) of lung normal tissues, in 4/15 (26.7%) of pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas, in 13/45 (28.9%) of squamous epithelial cancers and in 19/50 (38.0%) of adenocarcinomas. It showed that lung tumors expressed more HERC4 protein than adjacent normal tissues (χ2=4.675, p=0.031). Furthermore, HERC4 positive expression had positive correlation with pT status (χ2=44.894, p=0.000), pN status (χ2=43.628, p=0.000), histological grade (χ2=7.083, p=0.029) and clinical stage (χ2=72.484, p=0.000), but not age (χ2=0.910, p=0.340). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggested that HERC4 is likely to be a diagnostic biomarker for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Li Zeng
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China E-mail : or
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Evaluation of azacitidine and entinostat as sensitization agents to cytotoxic chemotherapy in preclinical models of non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:56-70. [PMID: 25474141 PMCID: PMC4381578 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical data in lung cancer suggests that epigenetically targeted therapy may selectively enhance chemotherapeutic sensitivity. There have been few if any studies rigorously evaluating this hypothesized priming effect. Here we describe a series of investigations testing whether epigenetic priming with azacitidine and entinostat increases sensitivity of NSCLC to cytotoxic agents. We noted no differences in chemosensitivity following treatment with epigenetic therapy in in vitro assays of viability and colony growth. Using cell line and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, we also observed no change in responsiveness to cisplatin in vivo. In select models, we noted differential responses to irinotecan treatment in vivo. In vitro epigenetic therapy prior to tumor implantation abrogated response of H460 xenografts to irinotecan. Conversely, in vitro epigenetic therapy appeared to sensitize A549 xenografts (tumor growth inhibition 51%, vs. 22% in mock-pretreated control). In vivo epigenetic therapy enhanced the response of adenocarcinoma PDX to irinotecan. Taken together, these data do not support broadly applicable epigenetic priming in NSCLC. Priming effects may be context-specific, dependent on both tumor and host factors. Further preclinical study is necessary to determine whether, and in which contexts, priming with epigenetic therapy has potential to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy in NSCLC patients.
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Qing Y, Hu H, Liu Y, Feng T, Meng W, Jiang L, Sun Y, Yao Y. Berberine induces apoptosis in human multiple myeloma cell line U266 through hypomethylation of p53 promoter. Cell Biol Int 2015; 38:563-70. [PMID: 24843889 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Berberine has multiple pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammation and anticancer activity. It reduces the proliferation and induces apoptosis in the multiple myeloma cell line, U266. Here we explored the detailed mechanism by analysing the gene expression profiles in U266 treated with or without berberine. DNMT1 andDNMT3B, encoding for a highly conserved member of the DNA methyltransferases, decreased significantly. By dissection of biochemical network database (BNDB) with Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation, the p53 signalling pathway related genes were altered. By using epigenetic chromatin modification enzymes PCR Array, gene expression microarray, RT-PCR and Bisulphite sequencing, the results show that berberine can repress the expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3B, which triggers hypomethylation of TP53 by changing the DNA methylation level and the alteration of p53 dependent signal pathway in human multiple melanoma cell U266.
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A prospective study of tumor suppressor gene methylation as a prognostic biomarker in surgically resected stage I to IIIA non-small-cell lung cancers. J Thorac Oncol 2015; 9:1272-7. [PMID: 25122424 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While retrospective analyses support an association between early tumor recurrence and tumor suppressor gene promoter methylation in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), few studies have investigated this question prospectively. METHODS Primary tumor tissue from patients with resected pathologic stage I to IIIA NSCLCs was collected at the time of surgery and analyzed for promoter methylation via methylation-specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (MethyLight). The primary objective was to determine an association between promoter methylation of 10 individual tumor suppressor genes (CDKN2A, CDH13, RASSF1, APC, MGMT, GSTP1, DAPK1, WIF1, SOCS3, and ADAMTS8) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), with the secondary objectives of determining association with overall survival (OS), and relation to clinical or pathologic features. RESULTS A total of 107 patients had sufficient tumor tissue for successful promoter methylation analysis. Majority of patients were former/current smokers (88%) with lung adenocarcinoma (78%) and pathologic stage I disease (62%). Median follow-up was 4 years. When controlled for pathologic stage, promoter methylation of the individual genes CDKN2A, CDH13, RASSF1, APC, MGMT, GSTP1, DAPK1, WIF1, and ADAMTS8 was not associated with RFS. Promoter methylation of the same genes was not associated with OS except for DAPK1 which was associated with improved OS (p = 0.03). The total number of genes with methylated promoters did not correlate with RFS (p = 0.89) or OS (p = 0.55). CONCLUSION Contrary to data established by previous retrospective series, tumor suppressor gene promoter methylation (CDKN2A, CDH13, RASSF1, APC, MGMT, GSTP1, DAPK1, WIF1, and ADAMTS8) was not prognostic for early tumor recurrence in this prospective study of resected NSCLCs.
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Khan MA, Hussain A, Sundaram MK, Alalami U, Gunasekera D, Ramesh L, Hamza A, Quraishi U. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate reverses the expression of various tumor-suppressor genes by inhibiting DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases in human cervical cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1976-84. [PMID: 25682960 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been increasing evidence that numerous bioactive dietary agents can hamper the process of carcinogenesis by targeting epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation. This therapeutic approach is considered as a significant goal for cancer therapy due to the reversible nature of epigenetic-mediated gene silencing and warrants further attention. One such dietary agent, green tea catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been shown to modulate many cancer-related pathways. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the role of EGCG as an epigenetic modifier in HeLa cells. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition assays were conducted, and the transcription levels of DNMT3B and HDAC1 were assessed by enzymatic activity assay and RT-PCR, respectively. Furthermore, we studied the binding interaction of EGCG with DNMT3B and HDAC1 by molecular modeling as well as promoter DNA methylation and expression of retinoic acid receptor-β (RARβ), cadherin 1 (CDH1) and death-associated protein kinase-1 (DAPK1) in EGCG-treated HeLa cells by RT-PCR and MS-PCR. In the present study, time-dependent EGCG-treated HeLa cells were found to have a significant reduction in the enzymatic activity of DNMT and HDAC. However, the expression of DNMT3B was significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner whereas there was no significant change in HDAC1 expression. Molecular modeling data also supported the EGCG-mediated DNMT3B and HDAC1 activity inhibition. Furthermore, time-dependent exposure to EGCG resulted in reactivation of known tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs) in HeLa cells due to marked changes in the methylation of the promoter regions of these genes. Overall, the present study suggests that EGCG may have a significant impact on the development of novel epigenetic-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munawwar Ali Khan
- Department of Natural Science and Public Health, College of Sustainability Sciences and Humanities, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Usama Alalami
- Department of Natural Science and Public Health, College of Sustainability Sciences and Humanities, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dian Gunasekera
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laveena Ramesh
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amina Hamza
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Uzma Quraishi
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Abstract
Nowadays there are several limitations in cancer treatment. One of these is the use of conventional medicines which not only target cancer cells and thus also cause high toxicity precluding effective treatment. Recent elucidation of mechanisms that cause cancer has led to discovery of novel key molecules and pathways which have have become successful targets for the treatments that eliminate only cancer cells. These so-called targeted therapies offer new hope for millions of cancer patients, as briefly reveiwed here focusing on different types of agents, like PARP, CDK, tyrosine kinase, farnysyl transferase and proteasome inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies and antiangiogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Topcul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey E-mail :
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44
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Trek1 contributes to maintaining nasal epithelial barrier integrity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9191. [PMID: 25778785 PMCID: PMC7365316 DOI: 10.1038/srep09191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial barrier integrity is critical to maintain the homeostasis in the body. The regulatory mechanism of the epithelial barrier function has not been fully understood. This study aims to elucidate the role of the TWIK-related potassium channel-1 (Trek1) in the regulation of the epithelial barrier function of the nasal mucosa. In this study, the levels of Trek1 were assessed by real time RT-PCR and Western blotting. The epithelial barrier function of the rat nasal epithelia was evaluated by the Ussing chamber system. The results showed that Trek1 was detected in the human and rat nasal epithelia, which were significantly lower in patients and rats with allergic rhinitis than that in healthy controls. Exposure to the signature T helper 2 cytokine, interleukin (IL)-4, markedly suppressed the expression of Trek1 in the nasal mucosa via up regulating the expression of the histone deacetylase (HDAC)1. The IL-4-induced rat nasal epithelial barrier dysfunction could be blocked by HDAC1 inhibitor (Trichostatin A), or sodium butyrate, or administration of Clostridium Butyricum. We conclude that Trek1 is critical to maintain the nasal epithelial barrier function.
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Han L, Zhou Y, Sun S. Green tea polyphenol EGCG reverse cisplatin resistance of A549/DDP cell line through candidate genes demethylation. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 69:285-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Miozzo M, Vaira V, Sirchia SM. Epigenetic alterations in cancer and personalized cancer treatment. Future Oncol 2015; 11:333-48. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Based on the pivotal importance of epigenetics for transcription regulation, it is not surprising that cancer is characterized by several epigenetic abnormalities. Conversely to genetic alterations, epigenetic changes are not permanent, thus represent opportunities for therapeutic strategies designed to reverse transcriptional abnormalities, and cancer is the first disease in which epigenetic therapies with chromatin remodeling agents were introduced. The role of miRNAs in gene regulation supports their potential as innovative therapeutic strategy. Recent evidences have proven that the environment can profoundly influence the epigenome: diet, smoking and alcohol consumption can negatively impact the expression profile. Given the plasticity of epigenetic marks, it is challenging the idea that the epigenetic alterations are ‘druggable’ sites using specific food components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Miozzo
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare ‘Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’, Integrative Biology Unit, Milano, Italy
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Epigenetics in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: potential clinical application. Clin Immunol 2014; 155:79-90. [PMID: 25218424 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The current treatments of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been based on the use of immunosuppressive drugs which are linked to serious side effects. The more effective therapeutic approaches with minimal or no side effects for SLE patients are hard to develop, mainly due to the complexity of the disease. The discovery of pharmacoepigenetics provides a new way to solve this problem. Epigenetic modifications can influence drug efficacy by altering gene expression via changing chromatin structure. Although still in early development, epigenetic studies in SLE are expected to reveal novel therapeutic targets and disease biomarkers in autoimmunity. For example, miRNAs, which have been identified to govern many genes including drug targets, are altered in disease development and after drug administration. This review aims to present an overview of current epigenetic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of SLE, and discuss their potential roles in clinical and pharmacological applications.
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Ye XW, Yu H, Jin YK, Jing XT, Xu M, Wan ZF, Zhang XY. miR-138 inhibits proliferation by targeting 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 in non-small cell lung cancer cells. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2014; 9:27-33. [PMID: 24405893 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Underlying mechanisms of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development remain poorly understood. miR-138 and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) have been reported to be involved in the genesis of NSCLC. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanisms of miR-138 and PDK1 in human NSCLC cells. METHODS The effect of miR-138 on proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells was first examined using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The expression of PDK1 in A549 lung cancer cells was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction further. A luciferase reporter activity assay was conducted to confirm target association between miR-138 and 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of PDK1. Finally, the role of PDK1 on proliferation of A549 cells was evaluated by transefection of PDK1 small interfering RNA (siRNA). RESULTS Proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells was suppressed by miR-138 in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, miR-138 can bind to the 3'-UTR of PDK1 and downregulate expression of PDK1 at both mRNA and protein levels. Knockdown of PDK1 by siRNA significantly inhibits the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that miR-138 as a potential tumor suppressor could inhibit cell proliferation by targeting PDK1 in NSCLC cells, which could be employed as a potential therapeutic target for miRNA-based NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-wei Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China; Academic Department, Guizhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guiyang, China
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