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Barbagallo D, Ponti D, Bassani B, Bruno A, Pulze L, Akkihal SA, George-William JN, Gundamaraju R, Campomenosi P. MiR-223-3p in Cancer Development and Cancer Drug Resistance: Same Coin, Different Faces. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8191. [PMID: 39125761 PMCID: PMC11311375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are mighty post-transcriptional regulators in cell physiology and pathophysiology. In this review, we focus on the role of miR-223-3p (henceforth miR-223) in various cancer types. MiR-223 has established roles in hematopoiesis, inflammation, and most cancers, where it can act as either an oncogenic or oncosuppressive miRNA, depending on specific molecular landscapes. MiR-223 has also been linked to either the sensitivity or resistance of cancer cells to treatments in a context-dependent way. Through this detailed review, we highlight that for some cancers (i.e., breast, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and glioblastoma), the oncosuppressive role of miR-223 is consistently reported in the literature, while for others (i.e., colorectal, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers, and acute lymphocytic leukemia), an oncogenic role prevails. In prostate cancer and other hematological malignancies, although an oncosuppressive role is frequently described, there is less of a consensus. Intriguingly, NLRP3 and FBXW7 are consistently identified as miR-223 targets when the miRNA acts as an oncosuppressor or an oncogene, respectively, in different cancers. Our review also describes that miR-223 was increased in biological fluids or their extracellular vesicles in most of the cancers analyzed, as compared to healthy or lower-risk conditions, confirming the potential application of this miRNA as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics “Giovanni Sichel”, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on the Diagnosis and Therapy of Brain Tumors, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Donatella Ponti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Barbara Bassani
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Via Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milano, Italy; (B.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Via Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milano, Italy; (B.B.); (A.B.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, DBSV, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Laura Pulze
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, DBSV, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Shreya A. Akkihal
- Independent Researcher, 35004 SE Swenson St, Snoqualmie, WA 98065, USA;
| | - Jonahunnatha N. George-William
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20054 Segrate, Italy;
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Team, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia
| | - Paola Campomenosi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, DBSV, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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Ramírez-Maldonado E, López Gordo S, Major Branco RP, Pavel MC, Estalella L, Llàcer-Millán E, Guerrero MA, López-Gordo E, Memba R, Jorba R. Clinical Application of Liquid Biopsy in Pancreatic Cancer: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1640. [PMID: 38338919 PMCID: PMC10855073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma contributes significantly to global cancer-related deaths, featuring only a 10% survival rate over five years. The quest for novel tumor markers is critical to facilitate early diagnosis and tailor treatment strategies for this disease, which is key to improving patient outcomes. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, these markers have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in early identification, continuous monitoring, and prediction of its prognosis and have led to better patient outcomes. Nowadays, biopsy specimens serve to ascertain diagnosis and determine tumor type. However, liquid biopsies present distinct advantages over conventional biopsy techniques. They offer a noninvasive, easily administered procedure, delivering insights into the tumor's status and facilitating real-time monitoring. Liquid biopsies encompass a variety of elements, such as circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, extracellular vesicles, microRNAs, circulating RNA, tumor platelets, and tumor endothelial cells. This review aims to provide an overview of the clinical applications of liquid biopsy as a technique in the management of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ramírez-Maldonado
- HBP Unit, General Surgery Department, Joan XXIII University Hospital, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (M.-C.P.); (L.E.); (M.A.G.); (R.M.); (R.J.)
- Medicine and Surgery Department, Rovira i Virgili University, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Sandra López Gordo
- General Surgery Department, Maresme Health Consortium, 08304 Mataro, Spain;
| | | | - Mihai-Calin Pavel
- HBP Unit, General Surgery Department, Joan XXIII University Hospital, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (M.-C.P.); (L.E.); (M.A.G.); (R.M.); (R.J.)
- Medicine and Surgery Department, Rovira i Virgili University, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Laia Estalella
- HBP Unit, General Surgery Department, Joan XXIII University Hospital, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (M.-C.P.); (L.E.); (M.A.G.); (R.M.); (R.J.)
- Medicine and Surgery Department, Rovira i Virgili University, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Erik Llàcer-Millán
- HBP Unit, General Surgery Department, Joan XXIII University Hospital, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (M.-C.P.); (L.E.); (M.A.G.); (R.M.); (R.J.)
- Medicine and Surgery Department, Rovira i Virgili University, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - María Alejandra Guerrero
- HBP Unit, General Surgery Department, Joan XXIII University Hospital, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (M.-C.P.); (L.E.); (M.A.G.); (R.M.); (R.J.)
- Medicine and Surgery Department, Rovira i Virgili University, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | | | - Robert Memba
- HBP Unit, General Surgery Department, Joan XXIII University Hospital, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (M.-C.P.); (L.E.); (M.A.G.); (R.M.); (R.J.)
- Medicine and Surgery Department, Rovira i Virgili University, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa Jorba
- HBP Unit, General Surgery Department, Joan XXIII University Hospital, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (M.-C.P.); (L.E.); (M.A.G.); (R.M.); (R.J.)
- Medicine and Surgery Department, Rovira i Virgili University, 43204 Reus, Spain
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3
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Amaral MJ, Oliveira RC, Donato P, Tralhão JG. Pancreatic Cancer Biomarkers: Oncogenic Mutations, Tissue and Liquid Biopsies, and Radiomics-A Review. Dig Dis Sci 2023:10.1007/s10620-023-07904-6. [PMID: 36988759 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal malignancies, as approximately 80% of patients are at advanced stages by the time of diagnosis. The main reason for the poor overall survival is late diagnosis that is partially due to the lack of tools for early-stage detection. In addition, there are several challenges in evaluating response to treatment and predicting prognosis. In this article, we do a review of the most common pancreatic cancer biomarkers with emphasis in new and promising approaches. Liquid biopsies seem to have important clinical applications in early detection, screening, prognosis, and longitudinal monitoring of on-treatment patients. Together with biomarkers in imaging, can represent valuable alternative non-invasive tools in order to achieve a more effective management of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Amaral
- General Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Rui Caetano Oliveira
- Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Donato
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Guilherme Tralhão
- General Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Biophysics Institute, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Wnuk J, Strzelczyk JK, Gisterek I. Clinical Value of Circulating miRNA in Diagnosis, Prognosis, Screening and Monitoring Therapy of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma-A Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065113. [PMID: 36982210 PMCID: PMC10049684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is considered to be the seventh most common cause of cancer-related deaths. The number of deaths caused by PC is estimated to increase in the future. An early diagnosis of PC is crucial for improving treatment outcomes. The most common histopathological subtype of PC is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs)-which are endogenous non-coding RNAs involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of multiple gene expression-constitute useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in various neoplasms, including PDAC. Circulating miRNAs detected in a patient's serum or plasma are drawing more and more attention. Hence, this review aims at evaluating the clinical value of circulating miRNA in the screening, diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Wnuk
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 35 Ceglana St., 40-515 Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Iwona Gisterek
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 35 Ceglana St., 40-515 Katowice, Poland
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Qian Y, Gong Y, Luo G, Liu Y, Wang R, Zou X, Deng S, Lin X, Chen Y, Wang X, Yu X, Cheng H, Liu C. Carbohydrate antigen 125 supplements carbohydrate antigen 19-9 for the prediction of invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:310. [PMID: 36155113 PMCID: PMC9511782 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are characterized by their abundant mucin production and malignant potential. IPMNs of the pancreas are mainly managed according to their radiographic indications, but this approach lacks accuracy with regard to IPMN grading. Therefore, serological biomarkers such as CA19-9 and CA125 (MUC16) should be employed to assist in predicting the invasiveness of IPMNs. METHODS We investigated the preoperative serum levels of CA19-9, CA125 and CEA in 381 surgical patients with a definite pathological diagnosis of IPMN from July 2010 to December 2019 at the Shanghai Cancer Center. We calculated the Youden indices of each point on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to identify the most appropriate cut-off values of CA19-9, CA125 and CEA for recognizing malignant IPMNs. Serological biomarker differences were correlated with clinicopathological features of IPMNs, and diagnostic indices of different scenarios were calculated to find the optimum strategy. RESULTS The malignant group had higher serum levels of CA19-9, CA125 and CEA. According to the ROC curves, the cut-off values of CA19-9, CA125 and CEA were readjusted to 38.3 U/ml, 13.4 U/ml and 5.3 μg/L. CA19-9 elevation was significantly associated with vascular invasion and perineural infiltration. CA125 showed good efficacy in predicting invasive IPMN in the CA19-9-negative subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Serological biomarkers are useful and sensitive indicators for recognizing invasive IPMNs. CA19-9 is the most important diagnostic index among all routinely measured serum biomarkers for differentiating malignant from benign IPMNs. CA19-9 should be combined with CA125 to enable more accurate predictions of IPMN malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhen Qian
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yitao Gong
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guopei Luo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruijie Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shengming Deng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuan Lin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - He Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Tonini V, Zanni M. Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: What strategies to avoid a foretold catastrophe. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4235-4248. [PMID: 36159004 PMCID: PMC9453775 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i31.4235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While great strides in improving survival rates have been made for most cancers in recent years, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the solid tumors with the worst prognosis. PDAC mortality often overlaps with incidence. Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment, but it can be performed in a very limited number of cases. In order to improve the prognosis of PDAC, there are ideally two possible ways: the discovery of new strategies or drugs that will make it possible to treat the tumor more successfully or an earlier diagnosis that will allow patients to be operated on at a less advanced stage. The aim of this review was to summarize all the possible strategies available today for the early diagnosis of PDAC and the paths that research needs to take to make this goal ever closer. All the most recent studies on risk factors and screening modalities, new laboratory tests including liquid biopsy, new imaging methods and possible applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning were reviewed and commented on. Unfortunately, in 2022 the results for this type of cancer still remain discouraging, while a catastrophic increase in cases is expected in the coming years. The article was also written with the aim of highlighting the urgency of devoting more attention and resources to this pathology in order to reach a solution that seems more and more unreachable every day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Tonini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Manuel Zanni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
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7
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Distinct Response of Circulating microRNAs to the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts with FGFR and ALK Kinase Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061517. [PMID: 35326668 PMCID: PMC8945909 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is typically detected at a late stage and thus shows only limited sensitivity to treatment, making it one of the deadliest malignancies. In this study, we evaluate changes in microRNA (miR) patterns in peripheral blood as a potential readout of treatment responses of pancreatic cancer to inhibitors that target tumor-stroma interactions. Mice with pancreatic cancer cell (COLO357PL) xenografts were treated with inhibitors of either fibroblast growth factor receptor kinase (FGFR; PD173074) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase receptor (ALK; TAE684). While both treatments inhibited tumor angiogenesis, signal transduction, and mitogenesis to a similar extent, they resulted in distinct changes in circulating miR signatures. Comparison of the miR pattern in the tumor versus that in circulation showed that the inhibitors can be distinguished by their differential impact on tumor-derived miRs as well as host-derived circulating miRs. Distinct signatures that include circulating miR-1 and miR-22 are associated with the efficacy of ALK and FGFR inhibition, respectively. We propose that monitoring changes in circulating miR profiles can provide an early signature of treatment response or resistance to pathway-targeted drugs, and thus provide a non-invasive measurement to rapidly assess the efficacy of candidate therapies.
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8
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Yan TB, Huang JQ, Huang SY, Ahir BK, Li LM, Mo ZN, Zhong JH. Advances in the Detection of Pancreatic Cancer Through Liquid Biopsy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:801173. [PMID: 34993149 PMCID: PMC8726483 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.801173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer refers to the development of malignant tumors in the pancreas: it is associated with high mortality rates and mostly goes undetected in its early stages for lack of symptoms. Currently, surgical treatment is the only effective way to improve the survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Therefore, it is crucial to diagnose the disease as early as possible in order to improve the survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer. Liquid biopsy is a unique in vitro diagnostic technique offering the advantage of earlier detection of tumors. Although liquid biopsies have shown promise for screening for certain cancers, whether they are effective for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is unclear. Therefore, we reviewed relevant literature indexed in PubMed and collated updates and information on advances in the field of liquid biopsy with respect to the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Bao Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jia-Qi Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shi-Yun Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bhavesh K. Ahir
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Long-Man Li
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zeng-Nan Mo
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-Hong Zhong,
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9
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Mai S, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. Pancreatic Cancer and Platelets Crosstalk: A Potential Biomarker and Target. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:749689. [PMID: 34858977 PMCID: PMC8631477 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.749689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets have been recognized as key players in hemostasis, thrombosis, and cancer. Preclinical and clinical researches evidenced that tumorigenesis and metastasis can be promoted by platelets through a wide variety of crosstalk between cancer cells and platelets. Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the relationship between pancreatic cancer and platelets in clinical diagnosis is described, the interplay between pancreatic cancer and platelets, the underlying pathological mechanism and pathways remain a matter of intensive study. This review summaries recent researches in connections between platelets and pancreatic cancer. The existing data showed different underlying mechanisms were involved in their complex crosstalk. Typically, pancreatic tumor accelerates platelet aggregation which forms thrombosis. Furthermore, extracellular vesicles released by platelets promote communication in a neoplastic microenvironment and illustrate how these interactions drive disease progression. We also discuss the advantages of novel model organoids in pancreatic cancer research. A more in-depth understanding of tumor and platelets crosstalk which is based on organoids and translational therapies may provide potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshan Mai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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10
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Saha B, Chhatriya B, Pramanick S, Goswami S. Bioinformatic Analysis and Integration of Transcriptome and Proteome Results Identify Key Coding and Noncoding Genes Predicting Malignancy in Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1056622. [PMID: 34790815 PMCID: PMC8592698 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1056622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are precursor lesions of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). IPMNs are generally associated with high risk of developing malignancy and therefore need to be diagnosed and assessed accurately, once detected. Existing diagnostic methods are inadequate, and identification of efficient biomarker capable of detecting high-risk IPMNs is necessitated. Moreover, the mechanism of development of malignancy in IPMNs is also elusive. METHODS Gene expression meta-analysis conducted using 12 low-risk IPMN and 23 high-risk IPMN tissue samples. We have also listed all the altered miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), identified their target genes, and performed pathway analysis. We further enlisted cyst fluid proteins detected to be altered in high-risk or malignant IPMNs and compared them with fraction of differentially expressed genes secreted into cyst fluid. RESULTS Our meta-analysis identified 270 upregulated and 161 downregulated genes characteristically altered in high-risk IPMNs. We further identified 61 miRNAs and 14 lncRNAs and their target genes and key pathways contributing towards understanding of the gene regulation during the progression of the disease. Most importantly, we have detected 12 genes altered significantly both in cystic lesions and cyst fluid. CONCLUSION Our study reports, for the first time, a meta-analysis identifying key changes in gene expression between low-risk and high-risk IPMNs and also explains the regulatory aspect through construction of a miRNA-lncRNA-mRNA interaction network. The 12-gene-signature could function as potential biomarker in cyst fluid for detection of IPMN with a high risk of developing malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barsha Saha
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Srikanta Goswami
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
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11
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Yang J, Xu R, Wang C, Qiu J, Ren B, You L. Early screening and diagnosis strategies of pancreatic cancer: a comprehensive review. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:1257-1274. [PMID: 34331845 PMCID: PMC8696234 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant digestive system tumor with a poor prognosis. Most pancreatic cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage or even metastasis due to its highly aggressive characteristics and lack of typical early symptoms. Thus, an early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is crucial for improving its prognosis. Currently, screening is often applied in high‐risk individuals to achieve the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Fully understanding the risk factors of pancreatic cancer and pathogenesis could help us identify the high‐risk population and achieve early diagnosis and timely treatment of pancreatic cancer. Notably, accumulating studies have been undertaken to improve the detection rate of different imaging methods and the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) which is the golden standard for pancreatic cancer diagnosis. In addition, there are currently no biomarkers with sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer to be applied in the clinic. As the only serum biomarker approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) is not recommended to be used in the early screening of pancreatic cancer because of its limited specificity. Recently, increasing numbers of studies focused on the discovering of novel serum biomarkers and exploring their combination with CA19‐9 in the detection of pancreatic cancer. Besides, the application of liquid biopsy involving circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), and exosomes in blood and biomarkers in urine, and saliva in pancreatic cancer diagnosis are drawing more and more attention. Furthermore, many innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence, computer‐aided diagnosis system, metabolomics technology, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) associated technologies, and novel nanomaterials have been tested for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and have shown promising prospects. Hence, this review aims to summarize the recent progress in the development of early screening and diagnostic methods, including imaging, pathological examination, serological examination, liquid biopsy, as well as other potential diagnostic strategies for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiangdong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bo Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
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12
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O'Neill RS, Stoita A. Biomarkers in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: Are we closer to finding the golden ticket? World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4045-4087. [PMID: 34326612 PMCID: PMC8311531 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i26.4045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a leading cause of cancer related mortality on a global scale. The disease itself is associated with a dismal prognosis, partly due to its silent nature resulting in patients presenting with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. To combat this, there has been an explosion in the last decade of potential candidate biomarkers in the research setting in the hope that a diagnostic biomarker may provide a glimmer of hope in what is otherwise quite a substantial clinical dilemma. Currently, serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 is utilized in the diagnostic work-up of patients diagnosed with PC however this biomarker lacks the sensitivity and specificity associated with a gold-standard marker. In the search for a biomarker that is both sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of PC, there has been a paradigm shift towards a focus on liquid biopsy and the use of diagnostic panels which has subsequently proved to have efficacy in the diagnosis of PC. Currently, promising developments in the field of early detection on PC using diagnostic biomarkers include the detection of microRNA (miRNA) in serum and circulating tumour cells. Both these modalities, although in their infancy and yet to be widely accepted into routine clinical practice, possess merit in the early detection of PC. We reviewed over 300 biomarkers with the aim to provide an in-depth summary of the current state-of-play regarding diagnostic biomarkers in PC (serum, urinary, salivary, faecal, pancreatic juice and biliary fluid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S O'Neill
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney 2010, Australia
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Alina Stoita
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2010, Australia
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13
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Zhang N, Coutinho LE, Pati D. PDS5A and PDS5B in Cohesin Function and Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115868. [PMID: 34070827 PMCID: PMC8198109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Precocious dissociation of sisters 5 (PDS5) is an associate protein of cohesin that is conserved from yeast to humans. It acts as a regulator of the cohesin complex and plays important roles in various cellular processes, such as sister chromatid cohesion, DNA damage repair, gene transcription, and DNA replication. Vertebrates have two paralogs of PDS5, PDS5A and PDS5B, which have redundant and unique roles in regulating cohesin functions. Herein, we discuss the molecular characteristics and functions of PDS5, as well as the effects of its mutations in the development of diseases and their relevance for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Debananda Pati
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-832-824-4575; Fax: +1-832-825-4651
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14
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Heredia-Soto V, Rodríguez-Salas N, Feliu J. Liquid Biopsy in Pancreatic Cancer: Are We Ready to Apply It in the Clinical Practice? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1986. [PMID: 33924143 PMCID: PMC8074327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibits the poorest prognosis of all solid tumors, with a 5-year survival of less than 10%. To improve the prognosis, it is necessary to advance in the development of tools that help us in the early diagnosis, treatment selection, disease monitoring, evaluation of the response and prognosis. Liquid biopsy (LB), in its different modalities, represents a particularly interesting tool for these purposes, since it is a minimally invasive and risk-free procedure that can detect both the presence of genetic material from the tumor and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood and therefore distantly reflect the global status of the disease. In this work we review the current status of the main LB modalities (ctDNA, exosomes, CTCs and cfRNAs) for detecting and monitoring PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Heredia-Soto
- Translational Oncology Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (V.H.-S.); (N.R.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodríguez-Salas
- Translational Oncology Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (V.H.-S.); (N.R.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cátedra UAM-AMGEN, Medical Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Feliu
- Translational Oncology Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (V.H.-S.); (N.R.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cátedra UAM-AMGEN, Medical Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Aalami AH, Abdeahad H, Mesgari M, Sahebkar A. MicroRNA-223 in gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13448. [PMID: 33244751 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have been conducted on the diagnostic role of miR-223 in cancers related to the digestive system. However, the diagnostic role of this microRNA in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers has not been fully elucidated. This meta-analysis aimed to accurately assess the diagnostic role of circulating miR-223 in GI cancers. METHODS A literature search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase and Scopus, up to 1st May 2020 databases. Twelve studies were eligible and included in the analysis. Meta-Disc software was used to calculate the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, area under the curve (AUC) and the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) based on true positive, true negative, false negative and false positive for each gastrointestinal cancer separately and in total. RESULTS Twelve case-control studies were included with 1859 participants (1080 cases and 779 controls). Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.74-0.79), 0.75 (95% CI: 0.72-0.78), 3.04 (95% CI: 2.20-4.18), 0.31 (95% CI: 0.22-0.42) and 10.77 (95% CI: 5.96-19.47), respectively. AUC was 0.83, suggesting a high-grade diagnostic precision of miR-223 in gastrointestinal cancers. Besides, subgroup analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic power of miR-223 based on the type of gastrointestinal cancer, sample type and country via calculating pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis showed the value of circulating miR-223 levels in the early diagnosis of diverse digestive system carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Aalami
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Abdeahad
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Collogue of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mohammad Mesgari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.,Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Peng C, Wang J, Gao W, Huang L, Liu Y, Li X, Li Z, Yu X. Meta-analysis of the Diagnostic Performance of Circulating MicroRNAs for Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:660-671. [PMID: 33437201 PMCID: PMC7797557 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.52706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Numerous studies have suggested that differentially expressed miRNAs may be promising diagnostic markers for pancreatic cancer (PC), but the results are inconsistent. We aimed to summarize the diagnostic accuracy of circulating miRNAs, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and the combination of miRNAs and CA19-9. Material and Methods: A literature search of online databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WanFang was conducted. Relative data were extracted from eligible included studies, and a meta-analysis was performed. Results: A total of 46 studies involving 4,326 PC patients and 4,277 non-PC controls were included. The pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE) and AUC of the circulating miRNAs for differentiating PC patients from non-PC controls were 0.79 (0.77-0.81), 0.77 (0.75-0.79), and 0.85 (0.81-0.87), respectively. The combination of miRNAs and CA19-9 greatly improved the SEN, SPE and AUC to 0.84 (0.80-0.87), 0.91 (0.89-0.93) and 0.94 (0.92-0.96), respectively. Moreover, circulating miRNAs also yielded an acceptable diagnostic accuracy for early-stage PC with a SEN of 0.79 (0.76-0.82), a SPE of 0.74 (0.68-0.79) and an AUC of 0.81 (0.77-0.84). Conclusion: Circulating miRNAs exhibited satisfactory diagnostic performance for PC and even early-stage PC. The combination of circulating miRNAs and CA19-9 can further improve the diagnostic accuracy, providing a novel strategy for PC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wenzhe Gao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Center for Medical Experiments, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
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17
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Zhu J, Lv J, Chen J, Zhang X, Ji Y. Down-regulated microRNA-223 or elevated ZIC1 inhibits the development of pancreatic cancer via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway activation. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2851-2865. [PMID: 33064959 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1827189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to participate in the progression of human cancers, such as pancreatic cancer (PC), while the mechanisms of miR-223 in PC remain largely unknown. This study was for the investigation of the status of microRNA (miR)-223 in the growth of PC with the involvement of ZIC1 and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Methods: MiR-223 and ZIC1 expression in PC tissue and cell lines was detected. PANC-1 cells and SW1990 cells were screened for subsequent experiments. Screened cells were transfected with miR-223- or ZIC1-related oligonucleotides or plasmids, or AZD8055, the dual inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to test the functions of miR-223, ZIC1 or PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in the biological functions of PC cells. The expression of miR-223, ZIC1, or PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins was examined. Tumor xenograft in nude mice was conducted for the detection of tumor growth of PC. Results: Up-regulated miR-223 and declined ZIC1 existed in PC tissues of patients and cell lines. ZIC1 was determined to be a target gene of miR-223. Down-regulated miR-223 or up-regulated ZIC1 led to suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle entry, volume and weight of tumors, while elevated apoptosis in PC cells through declining phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt and mTOR. MiR-223 up-regulation or ZIC1 down-regulation induced opposite results on PC cells. Conclusion: This study highlights that down-regulated miR-223 or elevated ZIC1 inhibits the development of PC via restricting activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which has important meanings for exploring the mechanism of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jingjiang People's Hospital , Jingjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Jingjiang People's Hospital , Jingjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Jingjiang People's Hospital , Jingjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Jingjiang People's Hospital , Jingjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Jingjiang People's Hospital , Jingjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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18
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Pancreatic cancer presents dismal clinical outcomes in patients, and the incidence of pancreatic cancer has continuously increased to likely become the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths by as early as 2030. One of main reasons for the high mortality rate of pancreatic cancer is the lack of tools for early-stage detection. Current practice in detecting and monitoring therapeutic response in pancreatic cancer relies on imaging analysis and invasive endoscopic examination. Liquid biopsy-based analysis of genetic alterations in biofluids has become a fundamental component in the diagnosis and management of cancers. There is an urgent need for scientific and technological advancement to detect pancreatic cancer early and to develop effective therapies. The development of a highly sensitive and specific liquid biopsy tool will require extensive understanding on the characteristics of circulating tumor DNA in biofluids. Here, we have reviewed the current status of liquid biopsy in detecting and monitoring pancreatic cancers and our understanding of circulating tumor DNA that should be considered for the development of a liquid biopsy tool, which will greatly aid in the diagnosis and healthcare of people at risk.
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19
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Yi N, Zhao X, Ji J, Xu M, Jiao Y, Qian T, Zhu S, Jiang F, Chen J, Xiao M. Serum galectin-3 as a biomarker for screening, early diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of pancreatic cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11583-11591. [PMID: 32886424 PMCID: PMC7576229 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin‐3 plays an important role in cell‐cell adhesion, macrophage activation, angiogenesis, metastasis and apoptosis and is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. We explored the importance of galectin‐3 in the screening, early diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of pancreatic cancer. A time‐resolved fluorescence immunoassay was performed to detect serum galectin‐3 level. Serum samples were collected from healthy controls and patients with pancreatic cancer before and after different treatments, and the relationships between galectin‐3 level and clinical parameters were analysed. Among the healthy controls, one individual with an abnormally high concentration of galectin‐3 (9.85 μg/L) was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Compared to the pre‐operative level, galectin‐3 concentration significantly decreased in patients with radical excision 1 month after surgery (P < .05), but showed no obvious change in patients who underwent palliative resection. Additionally, among patients with radical excision, carcinoma recurrence rate was significantly higher in those with increased or unchanged galectin‐3 level. Retrospective analysis revealed the extraordinarily high value and high specificity of galectin‐3 for predicting 3‐year survival (P < .001). Thus, galectin‐3 may serve as a potential biomarker for the screening and early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and as an independent prognostic indicator in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xuying Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Minxue Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yujie Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tianyang Qian
- Chinese Medicine 193, First Clinical Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengze Zhu
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingbing Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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20
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Pinho JD, Silva GEB, Teixeira Júnior AAL, Belfort MRDC, Macedo JM, da Cunha IW, Quintana LG, Calixto JDRR, Nogueira LR, Coelho RWP, Khayat AS. MIR-107, MIR-223-3P and MIR-21-5P Reveals Potential Biomarkers in Penile Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:391-397. [PMID: 32102516 PMCID: PMC7332144 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.2.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inguinal lymph node involvement is the main prognostic factor in patients with penile cancer. However, there is a lack of marker/s for lymph node metastasis. microRNAs have been investigated as potential markers for prognosis of various types of cancer. Taking this into consideration, our main goal was to determine the association of miR-223-3p, miR-107, and miR-21-5p expression with clinicopathological characteristics, as well as presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with penile cancer. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded penile squamous cell carcinoma specimens from 50 patients, at diagnosis and prior to any cancer treatment, were obtained. Tissue samples comprising at least 70% malignant cells and adjacent non-tumor tissues were evaluated by using qRT-PCR for expression level of miR-223-3p, miR-107 and miR-21-5p. Additionally, molecular identification of HPV was performed by PCR, and the expression levels of PTEN were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Penile squamous cell carcinoma primary tumors presented higher expression of miR-223-3p, miR-107, and miR-21-5p when compared to non-tumor adjacent tissues. Upregulation of miR-223-3p was associated lymph node metastasis. Higher expression of miR-107 was associated with worsening of prognosis (as observed by histological grade II and III, tumors bigger than 2.0 cm, stage III and IV, and lower disease-free survival). In addition, higher expression of miR-107 and miR-21-5p was correlated to the absence of PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that higher expression of miR-223-3p, miR-107, and miR-21-5p is correlated with poor prognosis in penile cancer. The upregulation of these microRNAs potentially affect critical cancer pathways and may be important for the prognosis and response to therapy in penile cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Isabela Wernerck da Cunha
- Laboratory Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra,
| | | | | | | | | | - André Salim Khayat
- Oncologist, Maranhense Institute of Oncology Aldenora Belo, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
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21
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Bădan MI, Bonci EA, Piciu D. A review on immunohistochemical and histopathologic validation in PET-CT findings with consideration to microRNAs. Med Pharm Rep 2019; 92:337-345. [PMID: 31750432 PMCID: PMC6853049 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This review provides an overview of some of the most recent clinical trials which investigated various types of cancer and other diseases, through the use of PET-CT imaging, highlighting the use of immunohistochemical stains or conventional histopathology for the validation or contradiction of their hypothesis. Furthermore, we investigate a potential new direction of research by analyzing the upcoming role of microRNAs in disease confirmation. Methods An extensive search of MEDLINE/PubMed and SCOPUS electronic databases was made, using the MeSH terms "positron emission tomography computed tomography" and "immunohistochemistry" as well as "SUV" and "immunohistochemistry", restricting the search by clinical trials and time period. Further searches were made for articles regarding Ki-67 and microRNAs in correlation with metabolic PET-CT uptake. Results Out of all 389 initial search results, 27 original articles were found relevant to the topic. Their contents were synthesized and discussed regarding the matter at hand. No relevant clinical trials involving microRNAs were found. Conclusions Immunohistochemical and histopathologic results remain widely used and indispensable in modern research, concerning PET-CT validation. Possible candidates for diagnosis confirmation, in future research, may reside in the further development of microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius-Ioan Bădan
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eduard-Alexandru Bonci
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Doina Piciu
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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22
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Xue J, Jia E, Ren N, Lindsay A, Yu H. Circulating microRNAs as promising diagnostic biomarkers for pancreatic cancer: a systematic review. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6665-6684. [PMID: 31692495 PMCID: PMC6707936 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s207963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common forms of malignant tumors and causes of tumor-related death worldwide. The current prognosis of PC still remains poor due to the lack of effective early detection method. Recently, there is strong support that circulating miRNAs can be used as biomarkers for early detection of various cancers, including PC. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of previous published studies on circulating miRNAs in plasma/serum for early detection of PC and summarize their diagnostic value. PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched for eligible studies on circulating miRNAs for PC detection. Overall, 29 studies published between 2009 and 2018 evaluating 51 individual miRNAs (no P-value exceeding 0.05) and 13 miRNAs panels were included. Generally, the diagnostic performance of circulating miRNAs for PC detection was strong, with both the sensitivity and specificity of 36% individual miRNAs and 40% miRNAs panels exceeding 80%. Moreover, two promising miRNA panels were discovered and verified externally with all AUC values exceeding 0.95. Therefore, circulating miRNAs may hold potential to be used as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for PC, but large-scale studies are still needed to validate the promising miRNAs and optimize the miRNA panels. Since, the tremendous heterogeneity of studies in this field hampers translating miRNA markers into clinical practice, miRNA analytical procedures are also needed to be standardized in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinru Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Erna Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew Lindsay
- Major Cancer Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Haixin Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Pardini B, Sabo AA, Birolo G, Calin GA. Noncoding RNAs in Extracellular Fluids as Cancer Biomarkers: The New Frontier of Liquid Biopsies. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1170. [PMID: 31416190 PMCID: PMC6721601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The last two decades of cancer research have been devoted in two directions: (1) understanding the mechanism of carcinogenesis for an effective treatment, and (2) improving cancer prevention and screening for early detection of the disease. This last aspect has been developed, especially for certain types of cancers, thanks also to the introduction of new concepts such as liquid biopsies and precision medicine. In this context, there is a growing interest in the application of alternative and noninvasive methodologies to search for cancer biomarkers. The new frontiers of the research lead to a search for RNA molecules circulating in body fluids. Searching for biomarkers in extracellular body fluids represents a better option for patients because they are easier to access, less painful, and potentially more economical. Moreover, the possibility for these types of samples to be taken repeatedly, allows a better monitoring of the disease progression or treatment efficacy for a better intervention and dynamic treatment of the patient, which is the fundamental basis of personalized medicine. RNA molecules, freely circulating in body fluids or packed in microvesicles, have all the characteristics of the ideal biomarkers owing to their high stability under storage and handling conditions and being able to be sampled several times for monitoring. Moreover, as demonstrated for many cancers, their plasma/serum levels mirror those in the primary tumor. There are a large variety of RNA species noncoding for proteins that could be used as cancer biomarkers in liquid biopsies. Among them, the most studied are microRNAs, but recently the attention of the researcher has been also directed towards Piwi-interacting RNAs, circular RNAs, and other small noncoding RNAs. Another class of RNA species, the long noncoding RNAs, is larger than microRNAs and represents a very versatile and promising group of molecules which, apart from their use as biomarkers, have also a possible therapeutic role. In this review, we will give an overview of the most common noncoding RNA species detectable in extracellular fluids and will provide an update concerning the situation of the research on these molecules as cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pardini
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy.
- Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Exposome, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Alexandru Anton Sabo
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 077120 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Giovanni Birolo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Exposome, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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24
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Lucas Grzelczyk W, Szemraj J, Kwiatkowska S, Józefowicz-Korczyńska M. Serum expression of selected miRNAs in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:49. [PMID: 31138255 PMCID: PMC6540364 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0823-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to identify specific serum miRNAs (preoperative serum samples compared to healthy controls) as potential diagnostic markers for detection in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Serum samples obtained from 66 patients with LSCC were compared with 100 healthy control subjects. Additionally, miRNA levels were evaluated to identify possible correlations with clinicopathological features. Methods The expression of 377 miRNAs (screening set) was evaluated by microarray screening. The most differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by high-throughput real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in the group of LSCC patients and healthy controls. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the highly and significantly identified deregulated miRNA(s) as potential candidate biomarker(s). Results According to the array analysis, eleven miRNAs revealed an altered expression profile. The levels of serum expression of miR-31, miR-141, miR-149a, miR-182, LET-7a, miR-4853p, miR-122 and miR-33 were up-regulated, and those of miR-145, miR-223 and miR-133a down-regulated, in the LSCC group compared to healthy controls. ROC curve analyses revealed an AUC (area under the ROC curve) of 1.00 (95%Cl: 0.999–1.00; P < 0.001) for miR-31 and LET-7a, 1.00 (95%Cl: 1.00–1.00; P < 0.001) for miR-33 respectively, indicating that these three miRNAs had an additive effect regarding diagnostic value. No statistically significant differences were found between the serum levels of these eleven miRNAs and the tested clinicopathological features. Conclusion Our findings outline a distinct miRNA expression profile in laryngeal cancer (LC) cases which can be used to diagnose LSCC patients with high sensitivity and specificity. Particular miRNA signatures (miR-31, LET-7a and miR-33) may be considered as novel, non-invasive biomarkers for LC diagnosis. Trial registration Registration number: RNN/203/13/KE. Date of registration 18.06.2013r.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Lucas Grzelczyk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Lodz, Norbert Barlicki Memorial Teaching Hospital, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kwiatkowska
- Department of Pneumonology, Norbert Barlicki Memorial Teaching Hospital, Lodz, Poland
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25
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Ma J, Cao T, Cui Y, Zhang F, Shi Y, Xia J, Wang ZP. miR-223 Regulates Cell Proliferation and Invasion via Targeting PDS5B in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 14:583-592. [PMID: 30776580 PMCID: PMC6378631 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that miR-223 is critically involved in the progression of pancreatic cancer (PC); however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In the present study, we explored the molecular basis of miR-223-mediated tumor progression in PC. We performed numerous approaches including MTT, FACS, transfection, RT-PCR, western blotting, Transwell, and animal studies to determine the physiological role of miR-223 in PC cells. We found that sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog B (PDS5B) is a direct target of miR-223 in PC. Moreover, PDS5B exhibits tumor-suppressive function in PC cells. Consistently, ectopic overexpression of PDS5B reversed miR-223-mediated tumor progression in PC cells. These results suggest that the miR-223/PDS5B axis regulates cell proliferation and invasion in PC cells. Our findings indicated that downregulation of miR-223 could be a novel therapeutic approach for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Tong Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratorial Examination, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Adagene Limited Company, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Z Peter Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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26
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Qi ZH, Xu HX, Zhang SR, Xu JZ, Li S, Gao HL, Jin W, Wang WQ, Wu CT, Ni QX, Yu XJ, Liu L. The Significance of Liquid Biopsy in Pancreatic Cancer. J Cancer 2018; 9:3417-3426. [PMID: 30271504 PMCID: PMC6160675 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal types of cancer. The 5-year survival rate for PDAC remains low because it is always diagnosed at an advanced stage and it is resistant to therapy. A biomarker, which could detect asymptomatic premalignant or early malignant tumors and predict the response to treatment, will benefit patients with PDAC. However, traditional biopsy has its limitations. There is an urgent need for a tumor biomarker that could easily and repeatedly sample and monitor, in real time, the progress of tumor development. Liquid biopsy could be a tool to assess potential biomarkers. In this review, we focused on the latest discoveries and advancements of liquid biopsy technology in pancreatic cancer research and demonstrated how this technology is being used in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Qi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Xiang Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Zhi Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - He-Li Gao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Quan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Tao Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Xing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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27
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Hon KW, Abu N, Ab Mutalib NS, Jamal R. miRNAs and lncRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers of Response to FOLFOX Therapy in Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:846. [PMID: 30127741 PMCID: PMC6088237 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the options for cancer treatment. FOLFOX is one of the widely used chemotherapeutic regimens used to treat primarily colorectal cancer and other cancers as well. However, the emergence of chemo-resistance clones during cancer treatment has become a critical challenge in the clinical setting. It is crucial to identify the potential biomarkers and therapeutics targets which could lead to an improvement in the success rate of the proposed therapies. Since non-coding RNAs have been known to be important players in the cellular system, the interest in their functional roles has intensified. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as regulators at the post-transcriptional level could be very promising to provide insights in overcoming chemo-resistance to FOLFOX. Hence, this mini review attempts to summarize the potential of ncRNAs correlating with chemo-sensitivity/resistance to FOLFOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kha Wai Hon
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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28
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Wei L, Yao K, Gan S, Suo Z. Clinical utilization of serum- or plasma-based miRNAs as early detection biomarkers for pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis up to now. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12132. [PMID: 30170450 PMCID: PMC6392607 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a lethal disease, however current screening methods unable to achieve early diagnosis. Blood-based microRNAs (miRNAs) are promising molecular biomarkers for detecting PC. This meta-analysis summaries studies identifying serum- or plasma-based miRNAs dysregulated in PC patients compared to non-PC cases to evaluate their diagnostic accuracy for characterizing PC. METHODS A systematically reviews and meta-analysis of published studies was conducted to compare the serum or plasma miRNAs expressions between PC patients and non-PC cases. Summary estimates for sensitivity, specificity, along with other measures of accuracy of miRNAs in the diagnosis of PC were pooled using the random-effects model. I and Q tests were used to assess the heterogeneity of included studies. The Spearman test was used to analyze the threshold effect. RESULTS Twenty-seven eligible studies were identified after electronic search and literature selection. For single miRNA dysregulation, 32 miRNAs were found to be upregulated in PC patients, and 5 miRNAs were downregulated. Four studies identified a 2-miRNA panel, and 10 studies identified a panel consisting of 3 or more miRNAs which were used to detect PC patients. Additionally, 8 studies combined miRNA panels and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) to diagnose PC. The pooled sensitivities for these 4 groups were 0.77 to 0.85, and specificities were 0.70 to 0.87. The highest area under the curve (AUC), 0.9308, was identified using 2 miRNA panels with sensitivity and specificity of 0.79 (0.74-0.83) and 0.85 (0.81-0.89), respectively. There was great heterogeneity of these 4 miRNA groups. Results of Spearman test revealed that there existed a threshold effect on single miRNA group (r=-0.437, P=.001), and none of the other groups (P all>.05). CONCLUSIONS Serum- or plasma-based miRNAs are capable of distinguishing PC from non-PC with relatively high sensitivity and specificity. In future, miRNAs may be used as promising diagnostic biomarkers for detection of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kunhou Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan Province, China
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29
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Li X, Gao P, Wang Y, Wang X. Blood-Derived microRNAs for Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis: A Narrative Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:685. [PMID: 29922178 PMCID: PMC5996199 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be aberrantly expressed in patients with pancreatic cancer. In present review we explored the biological roles of miRNAs in pancreatic cancer and their clinical value in diagnosis. In the systematic review, the potential value of miRNAs as biomarkers was investigated by reviewing the altered miRNA profiles reported in pancreatic cancer patients in 356 included studies. In the subsequent meta-analysis, we included 17 studies in early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer with a panel of altered miRNAs. The following results were obtained: pooled sensitivity of 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83–0.92), pooled specificity of 0.83 (95%CI 0.77–0.88), diagnostic odds ratio of 27 (95%CI 14–53), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90 (95%CI 0.88–0.93). To further explore the value of a single miRNA, the diagnostic value of miR-21 in PA was also demonstrated by the pooled sensitivity (0.90, 95% CI: 0.82–0.94), specificity (0.72, 95% CI: 0.57-0.83) as well as AUC (0.91 (95%CI 0.88–0.93). In conclusion, our findings suggest that aberrant miRNA expression in blood play an essential role in pancreatic cancer, and meta-analysis revealed blood-derived miRNAs as probable biomarkers for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Echocardiography, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pujun Gao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaocong Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Echocardiography, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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30
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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy of miRNAs in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:6292396. [PMID: 29887920 PMCID: PMC5977035 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6292396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background It is reported that miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in patients with pancreatic cancer. However, the diagnostic value of miRNAs in pancreatic cancer remains controversial. The meta-analysis was to access diagnostic accuracy of miRNAs in pancreatic cancer. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG Data, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and VIP databases were retrieved up to June 30, 2016, to collect articles concerning the diagnosis of miRNAs in pancreatic cancer. The methodological quality of each study was assessed by the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). This meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan5.0, MetaDiSc 1.4, and Stata 12.0 software. Results There are 40 articles including 109 studies. The pooled SEN was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.80–0.82), the pooled SPE was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.77–0.79), the pooled +LR was 3.32 (95% CI, 2.92–3.80), the pooled −LR was 0.27 (95% CI, 0.24–0.31), the pooled DOR was 14.56 (95% CI, 11.55–18.34), and pooled AUC was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.84–0.88). Discussion This meta-analysis demonstrated that miRNA makes a significant impact in the pancreatic cancer diagnosis with a high SEN and SPE, particularly using multiple miRNAs.
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31
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Epigenetic Modifications as Biomarkers of Tumor Development, Therapy Response, and Recurrence across the Cancer Care Continuum. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040101. [PMID: 29614786 PMCID: PMC5923356 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant epigenetic modifications are an early event in carcinogenesis, with the epigenetic landscape continuing to change during tumor progression and metastasis—these observations suggest that specific epigenetic modifications could be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for many cancer types. DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs are all dysregulated in cancer and are detectable to various degrees in liquid biopsies such as sputum, urine, stool, and blood. Here, we will focus on the application of liquid biopsies, as opposed to tissue biopsies, because of their potential as non-invasive diagnostic tools and possible use in monitoring therapy response and progression to metastatic disease. This includes a discussion of septin-9 (SEPT9) DNA hypermethylation for detecting colorectal cancer, which is by far the most developed epigenetic biomarker assay. Despite their potential as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers, technical issues such as inconsistent methodology between studies, overall low yield of epigenetic material in samples, and the need for improved histone and non-coding RNA purification methods are limiting the use of epigenetic biomarkers. Once these technical limitations are overcome, epigenetic biomarkers could be used to monitor cancer development, disease progression, therapeutic response, and recurrence across the entire cancer care continuum.
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32
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Zhang Y, Yang C, Cheng H, Fan Z, Huang Q, Lu Y, Fan K, Luo G, Jin K, Wang Z, Liu C, Yu X. Novel agents for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: emerging therapeutics and future directions. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:14. [PMID: 29386069 PMCID: PMC5793409 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) associated with chemoresistance has not changed for the past three decades. A multidisciplinary diagnosis followed by surgery and chemo(radiation)therapy is the main treatment approach. However, gemcitabine- and 5-fluorouracil-based therapies did not present satisfying outcomes. Novel regimens targeting pancreatic cancer cells, the tumor microenvironment, and immunosuppression are emerging. Biomarkers concerning the treatment outcome and patient selection are being discovered in preclinical or clinical studies. Combination therapies of classic chemotherapeutic drugs and novel agents or novel therapeutic combinations might bring hope to the dismal prognosis for PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyin Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - He Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyao Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyi Huang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guopei Luo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaizhou Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengshi Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Okajima W, Komatsu S, Ichikawa D, Miyamae M, Kawaguchi T, Hirajima S, Ohashi T, Imamura T, Kiuchi J, Arita T, Konishi H, Shiozaki A, Moriumura R, Ikoma H, Okamoto K, Taniguchi H, Itoh Y, Otsuji E. Circulating microRNA profiles in plasma: identification of miR-224 as a novel diagnostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma independent of hepatic function. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53820-53836. [PMID: 27462777 PMCID: PMC5288224 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study was designed to identify novel microRNAs (miRNAs) in plasma for detecting and monitoring hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), independent of hepatic function and background liver diseases with different etiologies. Results (1) Four oncogenic miRNAs (miR-151, 155, 191 and 224) with high expression in HCC tissues were selected as candidates. (2) Quantitative RT-PCR using plasma samples from 107 HCC patients and 75 healthy volunteers revealed a significantly higher level of plasma miR-224 in HCC patients than in healthy volunteers according to a small-scale analysis (P < 0.0001), two independent large-scale cohort analysis (P < 0.0001, AUC 0.908). (3) miR-224 expression was significantly higher in HCC tissues and HCC cell lines than in normal hepatic tissues and fibroblasts, respectively. (P = 0.0011, 0.0150) (4) Plasma miR-224 reflected tumor dynamics; preoperative plasma levels of miR-224 were significantly reduced in postoperative samples (P = 0.0058), and plasma miR-224 levels were significantly correlated with paired miR-224 levels in HCC tissues (P = 0.0005). (5) Furthermore, plasma miR-224 levels significantly discriminated HCC patients from patients with chronic liver disease (P = 0.0008). A high plasma miR-224 level was significantly correlated with larger tumor size (P = 0.0005) and recurrences (P = 0.0027). The plasma miR-224 level could accurately detect small tumors less than 18 mm preoperatively. Methods We performed a systematic review of the NCBI database and selected candidate miRNAs reported as highly expressed in HCC tissue. Conclusions Plasma miR-224 may be a sensitive biomarker for screening HCC and monitoring tumor dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Okajima
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mahito Miyamae
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kawaguchi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shoji Hirajima
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takuma Ohashi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Taisuke Imamura
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Jun Kiuchi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ryo Moriumura
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ikoma
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroki Taniguchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital, Haruobicho, Kamigyo-ku, 602-8026, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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Ren L, Yu Y. The role of miRNAs in the diagnosis, chemoresistance, and prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018; 14:179-187. [PMID: 29416345 PMCID: PMC5790163 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s154226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a very challenging malignancy with late presentation, metastatic potential, chemoresistance, and poor prognosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of multitude number of genes. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been linked to the development of various malignancies, including PDAC. A series of miRNAs have been defined as holding promise for early diagnostics, as indicators of therapy resistance, and even as markers for prognosis in PDAC patients. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs in diagnosis, chemoresistance, and prognosis in PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Low plasma levels of miR-101 are associated with tumor progression in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106538-106550. [PMID: 29290969 PMCID: PMC5739754 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have identified the decreased expression of the tumor suppressor miR-101 in various cancers. In this study, we tested miR-101 as a potential therapeutic target and novel plasma biomarker for gastric cancer (GC). Results The miR-101 expression level was significantly lower in GC tissues (P = 0.0038) and GC cell lines (P = 0.0238) than in normal gastric mucosa. Both exosomal and plasma miR-101 were significantly downregulated in GC patients compared with healthy volunteers (P = 0.0281 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Low miR-101 plasma level was significantly associated with advanced T factor, advanced disease stage, and peritoneal metastasis and predicted poor prognosis in GC patients (P = 0.0368; hazard ratio, 3.079; 95% confidence interval: 1.06–11.08). Overexpression of miR-101 in GC cells induced apoptosis by inhibiting MCL1 and suppressed cell migration and invasion by regulating ZEB1. Conclusions Depletion of the tumor suppressor miRNA-101 in plasma is related to tumor progression and poor outcomes. Low plasma miR-101 may be a biomarker for GC, and its restoration might be a novel anticancer treatment strategy.
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Keane MG, Shah A, Pereira SP, Joshi D. Novel biomarkers and endoscopic techniques for diagnosing pancreaticobiliary malignancy. F1000Res 2017; 6:1643. [PMID: 28944047 PMCID: PMC5585877 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11371.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The UK incidence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is 9 per 100,000 population, and biliary tract cancer occurs at a rate of 1–2 per 100,000. The incidence of both cancers is increasing annually and these tumours continue to be diagnosed late and at an advanced stage, limiting options for curative treatment. Population-based screening programmes do not exist for these cancers, and diagnosis currently is dependent on symptom recognition, but often symptoms are not present until the disease is advanced. Recently, a number of promising blood and urine biomarkers have been described for pancreaticobiliary malignancy and are summarised in this review. Novel endoscopic techniques such as single-operator cholangioscopy and confocal endomicroscopy have been used in some centres to enhance standard endoscopic diagnostic techniques and are also evaluated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amar Shah
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Stephen P Pereira
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - Deepak Joshi
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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Zhang Y, Lin J, Huang W, Cao Y, Liu Y, Wang T, Zhong W, Wang D, Mao R, Chen X. The effect of circulating miR-223 on surveillance of different cancers: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3193-3201. [PMID: 28721069 PMCID: PMC5499933 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s137837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Abnormal expression of miR-223 in cancerous tissue has confirmed it as an important player in tumorigenesis of cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, osteosarcoma, gastric cancer, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The present meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between circulating miR-223 and prognosis of cancers. METHODS The studies were accessed by an electronic search of multiple databases. RevMan5.3 and STATA14.0 were used to estimate the heterogeneity among studies, pooled effects, and publication bias. RESULTS Ten studies with data of 1,002 patients with cancer were included in this meta-analysis. The risk of metastasis from stages 3 to 4 of TNM did not decrease when high versus low circulating expression of miR-223 were compared (pooled odds ratio =0.50, 95% CI: 0.24-1.03). In case of prognosis, the overall survival time was not significantly longer with high circulating miR-223 expression (pooled hazard ratio [HR] =0.64, 95% CI: 0.38-1.11) in all cancer types. However, the overall survival time of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (pooled HR =0.19, 95% CI: 0.07-0.54) increased in subgroup analysis. Moreover, the treatment-free survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia was significantly increased with high circulating miR-223 expression (pooled HR =0.38, 95% CI: 0.23-0.64). CONCLUSION Circulating miR-223 was not an effective biomarker in prognosis surveillance in all cancers but in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhang
- Surgical Operating Room, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen
| | - Jinbo Lin
- Medical Oncology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Medical Oncology, Guangming District Central Hospital of Shenzhen
| | - Yong Cao
- Chronic Disease Control and Prevention Center, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Chronic Disease Control and Prevention Center, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tieqiang Wang
- Chronic Disease Control and Prevention Center, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiyi Zhong
- Chronic Disease Control and Prevention Center, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- Chronic Disease Control and Prevention Center, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongrong Mao
- Chronic Disease Control and Prevention Center, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Chronic Disease Control and Prevention Center, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
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Depleted tumor suppressor miR-107 in plasma relates to tumor progression and is a novel therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5708. [PMID: 28720759 PMCID: PMC5515843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored decreased tumor suppressor microRNA (miRNA) plasma levels in pancreatic cancer (PCa) patients to clarify their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We used the microRNA array-based approach to select candidates by comparing plasma levels between PCa patients and healthy volunteers. Six down-regulated miRNAs (miR-107, miR-126, miR-451, miR-145, miR-491-5p, and miR-146b-5p) were selected. Small- and large-scale analyses using samples from 100 PCa patients and 80 healthy volunteers revealed that miR-107 was the most down-regulated miRNA in PCa patients compared with healthy volunteers (P < 0.0001; area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, 0.851). A low miR-107 plasma level was significantly associated with advanced T stage, N stage, and liver metastasis and was an independent factor predicting poor prognosis in PCa patients (P = 0.0424; hazard ratio, 2.95). miR-107 overexpression in PCa cells induced G1/S arrest with the production of p21 and inhibited cell proliferation through the transcriptional regulation of Notch2. In vivo, the restoration and maintenance of the miR-107 plasma level significantly inhibited tumor progression in mice. Depletion of the tumor suppressor miR-107 in plasma relates to tumor progression and poor outcomes. The restoration of the plasma miR-107 level might be a novel anticancer treatment strategy for PCa.
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Novel Diagnostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030667. [PMID: 28335509 PMCID: PMC5372679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease for a multitude of reasons including very late diagnosis. This in part is due to the lack of understanding of the biological behavior of PDAC and the ineffective screening for this disease. Significant efforts have been dedicated to finding the appropriate serum and imaging biomarkers to help early detection and predict response to treatment of PDAC. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) has been the most validated serum marker and has the highest positive predictive value as a stand-alone marker. When combined with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125), CA 19-9 can help predict the outcome of patients to surgery and chemotherapy. A slew of novel serum markers including multimarker panels as well as genetic and epigenetic materials have potential for early detection of pancreatic cancer, although these remain to be validated in larger trials. Imaging studies may not correlate with elevated serum markers. Critical features for determining PDAC include the presence of a mass, dilated pancreatic duct, and a duct cut-off sign. Features that are indicative of early metastasis includes neurovascular bundle involvement, duodenal invasion, and greater post contrast enhancement. 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) radiotracer uptake and changes following treatment may predict patient overall survival following treatment. Similarly, pretreatment apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values may predict prognosis with lower ADC lesions having worse outcome. Although these markers have provided significant improvement in the care of pancreatic cancer patients, further advancements can be made with perhaps better combination of markers or discovery of unique marker(s) to pancreatic cancer.
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Zhou B, Xu JW, Cheng YG, Gao JY, Hu SY, Wang L, Zhan HX. Early detection of pancreatic cancer: Where are we now and where are we going? Int J Cancer 2017; 141:231-241. [PMID: 28240774 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal malignancies. Recent studies indicate that patients with incidentally diagnosed PC have better prognosis than those with symptoms and that there is a sufficient window for early detection. However, effective early diagnosis remains difficult and depends mainly on imaging modalities and the development of screening methodologies with highly sensitive and specific biomarkers. This review summarizes recent advances in effective screening for early diagnosis of PC using imaging modalities and novel molecular biomarkers discovered from various "omics" studies including genomics, epigenomics, non-coding RNA, metabonomics, liquid biopsy (CTC, ctDNA and exosomes) and microbiomes, and their use in body fluids (feces, urine and saliva). Although many biomarkers for early detection of PC have been discovered through various methods, larger scale and rigorous validation is required before their application in the clinic. In addition, more effective and specific biomarkers of PC are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Jian-Wei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Yu-Gang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Jing-Yue Gao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - San-Yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Han-Xiang Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
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Zhang Q, Chen S, Zeng L, Chen Y, Lian G, Qian C, Li J, Xie R, Huang KH. New developments in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11:149-156. [PMID: 27937041 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2017.1271323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive carcinoma of the digestive system and radical resection, which is available to very few patients, is the only possibility for cure. Since therapeutic choices are limited at the advanced stage, screening and early diagnostic tools are indispensable for a better prognosis. Areas covered: This review illustrates serologic and imaging examinations, and carbohydrate antigens, microRNAs, methylation biomarkers, molecules in exosomes, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, among other topics. No matter which approach is used, the accuracy of early diagnosis is extremely low. Combining different methods greatly improves the accuracy of early diagnosis. This review was conducted utilizing PubMed with key search words pancreatic cancer, early diagnosis, biomarkers and imaging. Expert commentary: Appropriate combination of biomarkers and imaging technologies will become standard practice in the future. Because the incidence of and mortality from pancreatic cancer is rising, further study of new approaches for the early detection of pancreatic tumors is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- QiuBo Zhang
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo Medical Center , Ningbo , China
| | - ShaoJie Chen
- b Department of Oncology , the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - LinJuan Zeng
- b Department of Oncology , the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - YinTing Chen
- c Department of Gastroenterology , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - GuoDa Lian
- c Department of Gastroenterology , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - ChenChen Qian
- c Department of Gastroenterology , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - JiaJia Li
- c Department of Gastroenterology , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - RuiJie Xie
- c Department of Gastroenterology , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Kai-Hong Huang
- c Department of Gastroenterology , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
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Previdi MC, Carotenuto P, Zito D, Pandolfo R, Braconi C. Noncoding RNAs as novel biomarkers in pancreatic cancer: what do we know? Future Oncol 2016; 13:443-453. [PMID: 27841659 PMCID: PMC5253462 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive cancer of the digestive system, which is becoming a serious health problem worldwide. Overall survival for patients with pancreatic cancer is poor, mainly due to a lack of biomarkers to enable early diagnosis and a lack of prognostic markers that can inform decision-making, facilitating personalized treatment and an optimal clinical outcome. ncRNAs play an important role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Here we review the literature on the role of ncRNAs as biomarkers in pancreatic cancer. We focus on the significance of ncRNAs as markers for early diagnosis, as prognostic biomarkers able to inform clinical management and as targets for novel therapeutics for patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Previdi
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Pietro Carotenuto
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Domenico Zito
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Rosantony Pandolfo
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Chiara Braconi
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK.,The Royal Marsden NHS Trust London & Surrey, Downs Rd, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
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Cancer Salivary Biomarkers for Tumours Distant to the Oral Cavity. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091531. [PMID: 27626410 PMCID: PMC5037806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of saliva as a diagnostic approach for systemic diseases was proposed just two decades ago, but recently great interest in the field has emerged because of its revolutionary potential as a liquid biopsy and its usefulness as a non-invasive sampling method. Multiple molecules isolated in saliva have been proposed as cancer biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, drug monitoring and pharmacogenetic studies. In this review, we focus on the current status of the salivary diagnostic biomarkers for different cancers distant to the oral cavity, noting their potential use in the clinic and their applicability in personalising cancer therapies.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease with poor prognosis and no therapeutics. PAH is characterized by severe remodeling of precapillary pulmonary arteries, leading to increased vascular resistance, pulmonary hypertension compensatory right ventricular hypertrophy, then heart failure and death. PAH pathogenesis shares similarities with carcinogenesis such as excessive cell proliferation, apoptosis resistance, metabolic shifts, or phenotypic transition. Although PAH is not a cancer, comparison of analogous mechanisms between PAH and cancer led to the concept of a cancer-like disease to emerge. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs involved in the regulation of posttranscriptional gene expression. miRNA dysregulations have been reported as promoter of the development of various diseases including cancers. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies revealed that miRNA dysregulations also occur in PAH pathogenesis. In PAH, different miRNAs have been implicated to be the main features of PAH pathophysiology (in pulmonary inflammation, vascular remodeling, angiogenesis, and right heart hypertrophy). SUMMARY The review summarizes the implication of miRNA dysregulation in PAH development and discusses the similarities and differences with those observed in cancers.
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Circulating MicroRNAs: A Next-Generation Clinical Biomarker for Digestive System Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091459. [PMID: 27598137 PMCID: PMC5037738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and play important roles in various physiological and developmental processes such as oncogenic or tumor suppressive regulators. Specific miRNA expression signatures have been identified in a number of human cancers. Cell-free miRNAs have recently been stably detected in plasma and serum (circulating miRNAs), and their presence in blood has attracted the attention of researchers due to their potential as non-invasive biomarkers. Circulating miRNAs have emerged as tumor-associated biomarkers that reflect not only the existence of early-stage tumors, but also the dynamics and status of advanced stage tumors, tumor recurrence, and drug sensitivities. This methodology for liquid biopsy may provide non-invasive and reproductive biomarkers and individualized therapeutic strategies for cancer patients. We herein review the current phase of biological and clinical research on the circulating miRNAs of solid cancers, particularly digestive tract cancers, and discuss future perspectives. The present review may be beneficial for future research on miRNAs used to detect various cancers.
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MicroRNA in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: predictive/prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets? Oncotarget 2016; 6:23323-41. [PMID: 26259238 PMCID: PMC4695121 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a tumor with a poor prognosis, short overall survival and few chemotherapeutic choices. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding, single-stranded RNAs of around 22 nucleotides involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of carcinogenesis and metastasis. They have been studied in many tumors in order to identify potential diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic targets. In the current literature, many studies have analyzed the role of miRNAs in PDAC. In fact, the absence of appropriate biomarkers, the difficultly of early detection of this tumor, and the lack of effective chemotherapy in patients with unresectable disease have focused attention on miRNAs as new, interesting advance in this malignancy. In this review we analyzed the role of miRNAs in PDAC in order to understand the mechanisms of action and the difference between the onco-miRNA and the tumor suppressor miRNA. We also reviewed all the data related to the use of these molecules as predictive as well as prognostic biomarkers in the course of the disease. Finally, the possible therapeutic use of miRNAs or anti-miRNAs in PDAC is also discussed. In conclusion, although there is still no clinical application for these molecules in PDAC, it is our opinion that the preclinical evidence of the role of specific miRNAs in carcinogenesis, the possibility of using miRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, and their potential therapeutic role, warrant future studies in PDAC.
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Imamura T, Komatsu S, Ichikawa D, Kawaguchi T, Miyamae M, Okajima W, Ohashi T, Arita T, Konishi H, Shiozaki A, Morimura R, Ikoma H, Okamoto K, Otsuji E. Liquid biopsy in patients with pancreatic cancer: Circulating tumor cells and cell-free nucleic acids. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5627-5641. [PMID: 27433079 PMCID: PMC4932201 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i25.5627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in surgical techniques and perioperative management, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PCa) remains extremely poor. To provide optimal treatment for each patient with Pca, superior biomarkers are urgently needed in all phases of management from early detection to staging, treatment monitoring, and prognosis. In the blood of patients with cancer, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free nucleic acids (cfNAs), such as DNA, mRNA, and noncoding RNA have been recognized. In the recent years, their presence in the blood has encouraged researchers to investigate their potential use as novel blood biomarkers, and numerous studies have demonstrated their potential clinical utility as a biomarker for certain types of cancer. This concept, called “liquid biopsy” has been focused on as a less invasive, alternative approach to cancer tissue biopsy for obtaining genetic and epigenetic aberrations that contribute to oncogenesis and cancer progression. In this article, we review the available literature on CTCs and cfNAs in patients with cancer, particularly focusing on PCa, and discuss future perspectives in this field.
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Herreros-Villanueva M, Bujanda L. Non-invasive biomarkers in pancreatic cancer diagnosis: what we need versus what we have. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:134. [PMID: 27162784 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.03.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is probably the most lethal tumor being forecast as the second most fatal cancer by 2020 in developed countries. Only the earliest forms of the disease are a curable disease but it has to be diagnosed before symptoms starts. Detection at curable phase demands screening intervention for early detection and differential diagnosis. Unfortunately, no successful strategy or image technique has been concluded as effective approach and currently non-invasive biomarkers are the hope. Multiple translational research studies have explored minimally or non-invasive biomarkers in biofluids-blood, urine, stool, saliva or pancreatic juice, but diagnostic performance has not been validated yet. Nowadays no biomarker, alone or in combination, has been superior to carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in sensitivity and specificity. Although the number of novel biomarkers for early diagnosis of PC has been increasing during the last couple of years, no molecular signature is ready to be implemented in clinical routine. Under the uncertain future, miRNAs profiling and methylation status seem to be the most promising biomarkers. However, good results in larger validations are urgently needed before application. Industry efforts through biotech and pharmaceutical companies are urgently required to demonstrate accuracy and validate promising results from basic and translational results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Herreros-Villanueva
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Donostia/Biodonostia Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Donostia/Biodonostia Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the US and is expected to be the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Therefore, it is important to better understand the molecular pathogenesis, phenotypes and features of pancreatic cancer in order to design novel molecularly targeted therapies for achieving better therapeutic outcome of patients with pancreatic cancer. Recently, the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer became a hot topic in the scientific community of pancreatic cancer research. By conducting miRNA expression profiling, the aberrant expression of miRNAs was revealed in the serum and in cancer tissues from patients with pancreatic cancer. These aberrantly expressed miRNAs are critically correlated with the disease stage, drug resistance, and survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Hence, targeting these tiny molecules, the specific miRNAs, could provide an efficient and optimal approach in the therapy of pancreatic cancer. Indeed, the pre-clinical and in vivo experiments showed that nanoparticle delivery of synthetic oligonucleotides or treatment with natural agents could be useful to modulate the expression of miRNAs and thereby inhibit pancreatic cancer growth and progression, suggesting that targeting miRNAs combined with conventional anti-cancer therapeutics could be a novel therapeutic strategy for increasing drug sensitivity and achieving better therapeutic outcome of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Li
- 1. Department of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Fazlul H Sarkar
- 1. Department of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; 2. Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Slaby O. Circulating Blood-Borne microRNAs as Biomarkers in Solid Tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 106:75-122. [PMID: 26608200 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0955-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in cancer research is the identification of stable biomarkers that could be routinely measured in easily accessible samples. Human blood and other body fluids represent rich sources for the identification of novel biomarkers. It is apparent that the availability of these biomarkers would improve an early detection of asymptomatic disease and the clinical management of cancer. MicroRNAs have been described to be present in various types of body fluids including cell-free serum and plasma. These days, the involvement of microRNAs in molecular pathology of cancer is well established. Moreover, it seems that these molecules could be optimal noninvasive biomarkers owing to their high stability under storage and handling conditions and high sensitivity and specificity in various diseases. To date, more than 100 circulating microRNAs with the potential to serve as novel diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive biomarkers for different types of cancers have been identified, and this number is still increasing. However, there are major discrepancies in the findings by different research groups, and few commonly altered microRNAs have been reported in these studies. Further studies on large cohorts using uniform methodology are warranted to establish the clinical applicability of circulating microRNAs for solid tumors. Here, we summarize the tumor-specific profiles of blood-borne microRNAs and discuss their potential utility for personalized medicine of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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