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Waki K, Ozawa M, Yamada A. Suppression of high mobility group box 1 in B16F10 tumor does not inhibit the induction of neoantigen-specific T cells. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:4082-4091. [PMID: 36057084 PMCID: PMC9746042 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated clinical data of immune checkpoint blockades have suggested the importance of neoantigens in cancer immunity. Tumor antigens are released from dead cancer cells together with cellular components, such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), into the tumor microenvironment. We recently reported that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a representative DAMP molecule, showed a negative impact on anti-tumor immunity. However, a positive role of HMGB1 in the initiation of innate and subsequent adaptive immunity has also been demonstrated; thus, the effects of HMGB1 on anti-tumor immunity have not been well understood. In this study, we identified nine immunogenic neoantigen epitopes of B16F10 murine melanoma cells and subsequently investigated the effects of suppression of HMGB1 on the induction of neoantigen-specific immunity using HMGB1-knockout tumors. Neoantigen-reactive T cells were expanded in B16F10 tumor-bearing mice, and T cell receptor repertoire analysis suggested that neoantigen-reactive T cells were oligo-clonally increased in B16F10 tumor bearers. An increase of neoantigen-reactive T cells and oligoclonal expansion of the T cells were similarly detected in HMGB1-knockout tumor-bearing mice. The induction of neoantigen-specific immunity under the suppression of HMGB1 in the tumor microenvironment shown in this study supports further development of combination therapy of HMGB1 suppression with neoantigen-targeted cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Waki
- Cancer Vaccine Development Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer TherapyKurume UniversityKurume, FukuokaJapan
| | - Miyako Ozawa
- Cancer Vaccine Development Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer TherapyKurume UniversityKurume, FukuokaJapan
| | - Akira Yamada
- Cancer Vaccine Development Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer TherapyKurume UniversityKurume, FukuokaJapan
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2
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Knockout of high-mobility group box 1 in B16F10 melanoma cells induced host immunity-mediated suppression of in vivo tumor growth. Med Oncol 2022; 39:58. [PMID: 35150340 PMCID: PMC8840913 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been reported as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule that is released from damaged or dead cells and induces inflammation and subsequent innate immunity. However, the role of HMGB1 in the anti-tumor immunity is unclear since inflammation in the tumor microenvironment also contributes to tumor promotion and progression. In the present study, we established HMGB1-knockout clones from B16F10 and CT26 murine tumors by genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and investigated the role of HMGB1 in anti-tumor immunity. We found that (1) knockout of HMGB1 in the tumor cells suppressed in vivo, but not in vitro, tumor growth, (2) the suppression of the in vivo tumor growth was mediated by CD8 T cells, and (3) infiltration of CD8 T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells into the tumor tissues was accelerated in HMGB1-knockout tumors. These results demonstrated that knockout of HMGB1 in tumor cells converted tumors from poor infiltration of immune cells called “cold” to “immune-inflamed” or “hot” and inhibited in vivo tumor growth mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Infiltration of immune cells to the tumor microenvironment is an important step in the series known as the cancer immunity cycle. Thus, manipulation of tumor-derived HMGB1 might be applicable to improve the clinical outcomes of cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockades and cancer vaccine therapies.
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3
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Dhasmana A, Dhasmana S, Kotnala S, A A, Kashyap VK, Shaji PD, Laskar P, Khan S, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S, Haque S, Yallapu MM, Chauhan SC, Jaggi M. A topography of immunotherapies against gastrointestinal malignancies. Panminerva Med 2021; 64:56-71. [PMID: 34664484 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.21.04541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although various approaches are implemented to improve the health condition of GI patients, none of the treatment protocols promise for eradicating cancer. However, a treatment mechanism against any kind of disease condition is already existing executing inside the human body. The 'immune system' is highly efficient to detect and destroy the unfavourable events of the body including tumor cells. The immune system can restrict the growth and proliferation of cancer. Cancer cells behave much smarter and adopt new mechanisms for hiding from the immune cells. Thus, cancer immunotherapy might play a decisive role to train the immune system against cancer. In this review, we have discussed the immunotherapy permitted for the treatment of GI cancers. We have discussed various methods and mechanisms, periodic development of cancer immunotherapies, approved biologicals, completed and ongoing clinical trials, role of various biopharmaceuticals, and epigenetic factors involved in GI cancer immunotherapies (graphical abstract Figure 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.,Department of Biosciences and Cancer Research Institute, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Swati Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Sudhir Kotnala
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Anukriti A
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University, Lakshamgarh, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vivek K Kashyap
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Poornima D Shaji
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Partha Laskar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Sheema Khan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | | | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Görükle Campus, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA - meena.jaggi @utrgv.edu.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
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4
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Waki K, Yokomizo K, Yoshiyama K, Takamori S, Komatsu N, Yamada A. Integrity of circulating cell-free DNA as a prognostic biomarker for vaccine therapy in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:176-182. [PMID: 33541161 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1872619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many clinical trials of immune checkpoint blockade-based combination therapies are under way. Vaccine therapy is a promising partner of combination therapies. We have developed a personalized peptide vaccination and conducted clinical trials of it in patients with various cancers. At the present time, we have only a limited number of biomarkers related to the prognosis of vaccine-treated patients. Thus, new biomarkers are urgently needed. METHODS In this study, we investigated the plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) integrity-a ratio of the necrotic tumor cell-derived long cfDNA fragments to the total dead cell-derived short cfDNA fragments from genomic Alu elements-in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer during treatment with the personalized peptide vaccination. RESULTS We found that (1) the cfDNA integrity was decreased after the first cycle of vaccination, and (2) the patients with high prevaccination cfDNA integrity survived longer than those with low prevaccination integrity (median survival time (MST): 17.9 versus 9.0 months, respectively; hazard ratio (HR): 0.58, p = .0049). A similar tendency was observed in postvaccination cfDNA integrity (MST: 16.4 vs 9.4 months; HR: 0.65, p = .024). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cfDNA integrity is a possible prognostic biomarker in patients treated with the personalized peptide vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Waki
- Cancer Vaccine Development Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kanako Yokomizo
- Cancer Vaccine Development Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koichi Yoshiyama
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Shinzo Takamori
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Komatsu
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Akira Yamada
- Cancer Vaccine Development Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
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5
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Waki K, Yokomizo K, Kawano K, Tsuda N, Komatsu N, Yamada A. Integrity of plasma cell-free DNA as a prognostic factor for vaccine therapy in patients with endometrial cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 14:29. [PMID: 33414910 PMCID: PMC7783719 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most prevalent gynecological cancer in developed countries. Although the prognosis of endometrial cancer is better than that of other gynecological cancers, the prognosis of advanced endometrial cancer is still poor and thus new therapeutic modalities, such as immune therapies, are urgently required. For the further development of new modalities, exploration of new biomarkers is important. The present study investigated the circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) integrity as a ratio of the necrotic tumor cell-derived long cfDNA fragments to the total dead cell-derived short cfDNA fragments from genomic Alu elements in patients with advanced endometrial cancer during peptide vaccination treatment. The results demonstrated that: i) The plasma cfDNA integrity was decreased during the first cycle of vaccination in patients with endometrial cancer treated with the personalized peptide vaccination, and ii) the post-vaccination cfDNA integrity levels were correlated with good prognosis. Some of these findings have been confirmed in other cancers, and thus cfDNA integrity might be an important marker for future cancer vaccine therapies in general, and might also be applicable for other immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Waki
- Cancer Vaccine Development Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kanako Yokomizo
- Cancer Vaccine Development Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kouichiro Kawano
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Naotake Tsuda
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Komatsu
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Akira Yamada
- Cancer Vaccine Development Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
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6
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Exposing Hidden Targets: Combining epigenetic and immunotherapy to overcome cancer resistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 65:114-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Nakahara Y, Kouro T, Igarashi Y, Kawahara M, Sasada T. Prospects for a personalized peptide vaccine against lung cancer. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:703-709. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1635461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Nakahara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taku Kouro
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuka Igarashi
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mamoru Kawahara
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Sasada
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
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8
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Precision medicine for urothelial bladder cancer: update on tumour genomics and immunotherapy. Nat Rev Urol 2017; 15:92-111. [PMID: 29133939 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2017.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Effective management of advanced urothelial bladder cancer is challenging. New discoveries that improve our understanding of molecular bladder cancer subtypes have revealed numerous potentially targetable genomic alterations and demonstrated the efficacy of treatments that harness the immune system. These findings have begun to change paradigms of bladder cancer therapy. For example, DNA repair pathway mutations in genes such as ERCC2, FANCC, ATM, RB1, and others can predict responses to neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapies and to targeted therapies on the basis of mutation status. Furthermore, an increasing number of pan-cancer clinical trials (commonly referred to as basket or umbrella trials) are enrolling patients on the basis of molecular and genetic predictors of response. These studies promise to provide improved insight into the true utility of personalized medicine in the treatment of bladder cancer and many other cancer types. Finally, therapies that modulate immune responses have shown great benefit in many cancer types. Several immune checkpoint inhibitors that target programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), its ligand PDL1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) have already been approved for use in bladder cancer, representing the most important change to the urological oncologist's tool-kit in over a decade. These advances also provide opportunities for personalization of bladder cancer therapy.
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9
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Wada S, Yada E, Ohtake J, Sasada T. Personalized peptide vaccines for cancer therapy: current progress and state of the art. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2017.1403286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Wada
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Erica Yada
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Junya Ohtake
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Sasada
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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10
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Further insight into AE37 peptide vaccination in prostate cancer. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO192. [PMID: 28883993 PMCID: PMC5583690 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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11
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Chang AY, Dao T, Gejman RS, Jarvis CA, Scott A, Dubrovsky L, Mathias MD, Korontsvit T, Zakhaleva V, Curcio M, Hendrickson RC, Liu C, Scheinberg DA. A therapeutic T cell receptor mimic antibody targets tumor-associated PRAME peptide/HLA-I antigens. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2705-2718. [PMID: 28628042 PMCID: PMC5490756 DOI: 10.1172/jci92335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) is a cancer-testis antigen that is expressed in many cancers and leukemias. In healthy tissue, PRAME expression is limited to the testes and ovaries, making it a highly attractive cancer target. PRAME is an intracellular protein that cannot currently be drugged. After proteasomal processing, the PRAME300-309 peptide ALYVDSLFFL (ALY) is presented in the context of human leukocyte antigen HLA-A*02:01 molecules for recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR) of cytotoxic T cells. Here, we have described Pr20, a TCR mimic (TCRm) human IgG1 antibody that recognizes the cell-surface ALY peptide/HLA-A2 complex. Pr20 is an immunological tool and potential therapeutic agent. Pr20 bound to PRAME+HLA-A2+ cancers. An afucosylated Fc form (Pr20M) directed antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against PRAME+HLA-A2+ leukemia cells and was therapeutically effective against mouse xenograft models of human leukemia. In some tumors, Pr20 binding markedly increased upon IFN-γ treatment, mediated by induction of the immunoproteasome catalytic subunit β5i. The immunoproteasome reduced internal destructive cleavages within the ALY epitope compared with the constitutive proteasome. The data provide rationale for developing TCRm antibodies as therapeutic agents for cancer, offer mechanistic insight on proteasomal regulation of tumor-associated peptide/HLA antigen complexes, and yield possible therapeutic solutions to target antigens with ultra-low surface presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Y. Chang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
- Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology Program
| | - Tao Dao
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Ron S. Gejman
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
- Pharmacology Program, and
| | - Casey A. Jarvis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Scott
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leonid Dubrovsky
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Melissa D. Mathias
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Tatyana Korontsvit
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Victoriya Zakhaleva
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Curcio
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Ronald C. Hendrickson
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Cheng Liu
- Eureka Therapeutics, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
- Pharmacology Program, and
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12
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Suzuki S, Sakata J, Utsumi F, Sekiya R, Kajiyama H, Shibata K, Kikkawa F, Nakatsura T. Efficacy of glypican-3-derived peptide vaccine therapy on the survival of patients with refractory ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1238542. [PMID: 27999758 PMCID: PMC5139642 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1238542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with other epithelial ovarian carcinoma subtypes, ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) has been recognized to show chemoresistance. Therefore, new treatment modalities are required for patients with OCCC that is refractory to chemotherapy. The carcinoembryonic antigen glypican-3 (GPC3) is expressed by approximately half of OCCC and is a promising immunotherapeutic target. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of GPC3 peptide vaccine against refractory OCCC patients. We conducted a phase II trial with a GPC3-derived peptide vaccine in OCCC patients. Immunological responses were analyzed by ex vivo IFNγ ELISPOT assay. We also evaluated control subjects, who received best supportive care without vaccinations during the same period. Thirty-two patients with refractory OCCC were enrolled between July 2010 and September 2015, and underwent GPC3 peptide vaccination. Fifteen patients were vaccinated less than six times because their general condition progressively deteriorated, and 17 patients were vaccinated at least six times. Three patients showed a partial response as the best overall response. The GPC3 peptide vaccine induced a GPC3-specific CTL response in 15 out of 24 patients who had PBMCs collected three times or more. The prognosis of palliative care patients without GPC3 peptide vaccinations was significantly poorer than that of those with GPC3 peptide vaccinations (post cancer-treatment survival: p = 0.002). Although the disease control rate was not high, our results suggest that GPC3 peptide vaccinations may hold a significant impact to prolong survival of patients with refractory OCCC, allowing them to maintain quality of life with no serious toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Sakata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumi Utsumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sekiya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyosumi Shibata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakatsura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center , Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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