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Lim H, Seo Y, Kwon D, Kang S, Yu J, Park H, Lee SD, Lee T. Recent Progress in Diatom Biosilica: A Natural Nanoporous Silica Material as Sustained Release Carrier. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2434. [PMID: 37896194 PMCID: PMC10609864 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A drug delivery system (DDS) is a useful technology that efficiently delivers a target drug to a patient's specific diseased tissue with minimal side effects. DDS is a convergence of several areas of study, comprising pharmacy, medicine, biotechnology, and chemistry fields. In the traditional pharmacological concept, developing drugs for disease treatment has been the primary research field of pharmacology. The significance of DDS in delivering drugs with optimal formulation to target areas to increase bioavailability and minimize side effects has been recently highlighted. In addition, since the burst release found in various DDS platforms can reduce drug delivery efficiency due to unpredictable drug loss, many recent DDS studies have focused on developing carriers with a sustained release. Among various drug carriers, mesoporous silica DDS (MS-DDS) is applied to various drug administration routes, based on its sustained releases, nanosized porous structures, and excellent solubility for poorly soluble drugs. However, the synthesized MS-DDS has caused complications such as toxicity in the body, long-term accumulation, and poor excretion ability owing to acid treatment-centered manufacturing methods. Therefore, biosilica obtained from diatoms, as a natural MS-DDS, has recently emerged as an alternative to synthesized MS-DDS. This natural silica carrier is an optimal DDS platform because culturing diatoms is easy, and the silica can be separated from diatoms using a simple treatment. In this review, we discuss the manufacturing methods and applications to various disease models based on the advantages of biosilica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayeon Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (H.L.); (Y.S.); (S.K.); (J.Y.); (H.P.)
| | - Yoseph Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (H.L.); (Y.S.); (S.K.); (J.Y.); (H.P.)
| | - Daeryul Kwon
- Protist Research Team, Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), 137, Donam 2-gil, Sangju-si 37242, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sunggu Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (H.L.); (Y.S.); (S.K.); (J.Y.); (H.P.)
| | - Jiyun Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (H.L.); (Y.S.); (S.K.); (J.Y.); (H.P.)
| | - Hyunjun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (H.L.); (Y.S.); (S.K.); (J.Y.); (H.P.)
| | - Sang Deuk Lee
- Protist Research Team, Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), 137, Donam 2-gil, Sangju-si 37242, Republic of Korea;
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; (H.L.); (Y.S.); (S.K.); (J.Y.); (H.P.)
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Yu B, Lang X, Wang X, Ding L, Han M, Guo Y, Dong Z. Effects of different conformations of polylysine on the anti-tumor efficacy of methotrexate nanoparticles. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114662. [PMID: 37037095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems require that carrier materials have good biocompatibility, degradability, and constructability. Poly(amino acids), a substance with a distinctive secondary structure, not only have the basic features of the carrier materials but also have several reactive functional groups in the side chain, which can be employed as drug carriers to deliver anticancer drugs. The conformation of isomers of drug carriers has some influence on the preparation, morphology, and efficacy of nanoparticles. In this study, two isomers of polylysine, including ε-polylysine (ε-PL) and α-polylysine (α-PL), were used as drug carriers to entrap methotrexate (MTX) and construct nano-drug delivery systems. ε-PL/MTX nanoparticles with the morphology of helical nanorods presented a small particle size (115.0 nm), and relative high drug loading content (57.8 %). The anticancer effect of ε-PL/MTX nanoparticles was 1.3-fold and 2.6-fold stronger than that of α-PL/MTX nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro, respectively. ε-PL is an ideal drug carrier with potential clinical application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxue Lang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijuan Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meihua Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yifei Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhengqi Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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Mundel R, Thakur T, Chatterjee M. Emerging uses of PLA-PEG copolymer in cancer drug delivery. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:41. [PMID: 35070631 PMCID: PMC8748584 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional therapies need high systematic dosages that not only destroys cancerous cells but also healthy cells. To overcome this problem recent advancement in nanotechnology specifically in nanomaterials has been extensively done for various biological applications, such as targeted drug delivery. Nanotechnology, as a frontier science, has the potential to break down all the obstacles to be more effective and secure drug delivery system. It is possible to develop nanopolymer based drug carrier that can target drugs with extreme accuracy. Polymers can advance drug delivery technologies by allowing controlled release of therapeutic drugs in stable amounts over long duration of time. For controlled drug delivery, biodegradable synthetic polymers have various benefits over non-biodegradable polymers. Biodegradable polymer either are less toxic or non-toxic. Polylactic Acid (PLA) is one of the most remarkable amphipathic polymers which make it one of the most suitable materials for polymeric micelles. Amphiphilic nanomaterial, such as Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), is one of the most promising carrier for tumor targeting. PLA-PEG as a copolymer has been generally utilized as drug delivery system for the various types of cancer. Chemotherapeutic drugs are stacked into PLA-PEG copolymer and as a result their duration time delays, hence medications arrive at specific tumor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Mundel
- Biotechnology Branch, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector-25, South Campus, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Tanya Thakur
- Biotechnology Branch, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector-25, South Campus, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Mary Chatterjee
- Biotechnology Branch, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector-25, South Campus, Chandigarh, 160014 India
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Yang Y, Yu C. Advances in silica based nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:317-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Shen M, Xu YY, Sun Y, Han BS, Duan YR. Preparation of a Thermosensitive Gel Composed of a mPEG-PLGA-PLL-cRGD Nanodrug Delivery System for Pancreatic Tumor Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:20530-20537. [PMID: 26366977 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is hypothesized that a gel (NP-Gel) composed of thermosensitive gel (Gel) and nanoparticles (NP) can prolong drug release time and overcome the drug resistance of pancreatic tumor cells. Paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded monomethoxy (polyethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-poly(l-lysine)-cyclic peptide (arginine-glycine-aspartic-glutamic-valine acid) (mPEG-PLGA-PLL-cRGD) NP and NP-Gel were designed, optimized, and characterized using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, high efficiency liquid chromatography, and rheological analyses. Aspc-1/PTX cell was used in a cell uptake test. A 3D cell model was used to mimic PTX elimination in tissue. The in vivo sustained release and antitumor effects were studied in Aspc-1/PTX-loaded nude mice with xerographic and in situ tumors. The NP were 133.7 ± 28.3 nm with 85.03% entrapped efficiency, 1.612% loaded ratio, and suitable rheological properties. PTX was released as NP from NP-Gel, greatly prolonging the release and elimination times to afford long-term effects. NP-Gel enhanced the uptake of PTX by Aspc-1/PTX cells more than using NP or the Gel alone. Gel and NP-Gel remained solid in the tumor and stayed over 50 days versus the several days of NP in solution. NP-Gel exhibited a much higher inhibition rate in vivo than in solution, NP, or the Gel alone. In conclusion, the antitumor effects of NP-Gel might arise from synergic effects from NP and the Gel. NP primarily reversed drug resistance, while the Gel prolonged release time considerably in situ. This preparation proved effective with a very small PTX dose (250 μg/kg) and exhibited few toxic effects in normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Shan Han
- Department of general Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - You-Rong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Lee KY, Chiang YT, Hsu NY, Yang CY, Lo CL, Ku CA. Vitamin E containing polymer micelles for reducing normal cell cytotoxicity and enhancing chemotherapy efficacy. Acta Biomater 2015; 24:286-96. [PMID: 26087112 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS) containing diblock copolymer micellar system was used to deliver doxorubicin (Dox), an anticancer drug, for HCT116 colon cancer therapy. The α-TOS containing diblock copolymers were synthesized by conjugation of α-TOS molecules and a mPEG-b-PHEMA hydrophilic diblock copolymer by ester bonds. The Dox-loaded polymeric micelles were then obtained by solvent exchange process. In acidic surroundings such as endosomes or secondary lysosomes, the structures of the Dox-loaded polymeric micelles deformed and released the drug loads. Additionally, Dox-loaded polymeric micelles enhanced the cytotoxicity of Dox and α-TOS to cancer cells in vitro. Dox-loaded polymeric micelles also showed an exceptional tumor inhibiting effect in vivo. This study indicates that the α-TOS containing polymeric micelle system can be used as a drug carrier for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Yu Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Biomedical Engineering Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-An Ku
- Taiwan Textile Research Institute, New Taipei City 23674, Taiwan
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Kang X, Liang Y, Chen L, Mai W, Lin Z, Fu R, Wu D. Synthesis and adsorption properties of highly monodisperse hollow microporous polystyrene nanospheres. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03244f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Krasnov VP, Korolyova MA, Vodovozova EL. Nano-sized melphalan and sarcolysine drug delivery systems: synthesis and prospects of application. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2013v082n08abeh004358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gowda R, Jones NR, Banerjee S, Robertson GP. Use of Nanotechnology to Develop Multi-Drug Inhibitors For Cancer Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 4. [PMID: 25013742 PMCID: PMC4085796 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic agents that inhibit a single target often cannot combat a multifactorial disease such as cancer. Thus, multi-target inhibitors (MTIs) are needed to circumvent complications such as the development of resistance. There are two predominant types of MTIs, (a) single drug inhibitor (SDIs) that affect multiple pathways simultaneously, and (b) combinatorial agents or multi-drug inhibitors (MDIs) that inhibit multiple pathways. Single agent multi-target kinase inhibitors are amongst the most prominent class of compounds belonging to the former, whereas the latter includes many different classes of combinatorial agents that have been used to achieve synergistic efficacy against cancer. Safe delivery and accumulation at the tumor site is of paramount importance for MTIs because inhibition of multiple key signaling pathways has the potential to lead to systemic toxicity. For this reason, the development of drug delivery mechanisms using nanotechnology is preferable in order to ensure that the MDIs accumulate in the tumor vasculature, thereby increasing efficacy and minimizing off-target and systemic side effects. This review will discuss how nanotechnology can be used for the development of MTIs for cancer therapy and also it concludes with a discussion of the future of nanoparticle-based MTIs as well as the continuing obstacles being faced during the development of these unique agents.’
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Penn State Hershey Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; The Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nathan R Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Shubhadeep Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Penn State Hershey Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Penn State Hershey Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; The Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Yin P, Wang Y, Qiu Y, Hou L, Liu X, Qin J, Duan Y, Liu P, Qiu M, Li Q. Bufalin-loaded mPEG-PLGA-PLL-cRGD nanoparticles: preparation, cellular uptake, tissue distribution, and anticancer activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3961-9. [PMID: 22888239 PMCID: PMC3414086 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s32063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that bufalin has a good antitumor effect but has high toxicity, poor water solubility, a short half-life, a narrow therapeutic window, and a toxic dose that is close to the therapeutic dose, which all limit its clinical application. This study aimed to determine the targeting efficacy of nanoparticles (NPs) made of methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG), polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), poly-L-lysine (PLL), and cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (cRGD) loaded with bufalin, ie, bufalin-loaded mPEG-PLGA-PLL-cRGD nanoparticles (BNPs), in SW620 colon cancer-bearing mice. METHODS BNPs showed uniform size. The size, shape, zeta potential, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and release of these nanoparticles were studied in vitro. The tumor targeting, cellular uptake, and growth-inhibitory effect of BNPs in vivo were tested. RESULTS BNPs were of uniform size with an average particle size of 164 ± 84 nm and zeta potential of 2.77 mV. The encapsulation efficiency was 81.7% ± 0.89%, and the drug load was 3.92% ± 0.16%. The results of in vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that although the blank NPs were nontoxic, they enhanced the cytotoxicity of bufalin in BNPs. Drug release experiments showed that the release of the drug was prolonged and sustained. The results of confocal laser scanning microscopy indicated that BNPs could effectively bind to human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In the SW620 xenograft mice model, the BNPs could effectively target the tumor in vivo. The BNPs were significantly more effective than other NPs in preventing tumor growth. CONCLUSION BNPs had even size distribution, were stable, and had a slow-releasing and tumor-targeting effect. BNPs significantly inhibited colon cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. As a novel drug carrier system, BNPs are a potentially promising targeting treatment for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihao Yin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Putuo Hospital and Interventional Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Putuo Hospital and Interventional Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - YanYan Qiu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Putuo Hospital and Interventional Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - LiLi Hou
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Putuo Hospital and Interventional Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Putuo Hospital and Interventional Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Qin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Putuo Hospital and Interventional Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yourong Duan
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peifeng Liu
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Putuo Hospital and Interventional Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Interfacial rheology: an overview of measuring techniques and its role in dispersions and electrospinning. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA 2012; 62:123-40. [PMID: 22750813 DOI: 10.2478/v10007-012-0018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Interfacial rheological properties have yet to be thoroughly explored. Only recently, methods have been introduced that provide sufficient sensitivity to reliably determine viscoelastic interfacial properties. In general, interfacial rheology describes the relationship between the deformation of an interface and the stresses exerted on it. Due to the variety in deformations of the interfacial layer (shear and expansions or compressions), the field of interfacial rheology is divided into the subcategories of shear and dilatational rheology. While shear rheology is primarily linked to the long-term stability of dispersions, dilatational rheology provides information regarding short-term stability. Interfacial rheological characteristics become relevant in systems with large interfacial areas, such as emulsions and foams, and in processes that lead to a large increase in the interfacial area, such as electrospinning of nanofibers.
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Rojnik M, Kocbek P, Moret F, Compagnin C, Celotti L, Bovis MJ, Woodhams JH, MacRobert AJ, Scheglmann D, Helfrich W, Verkaik MJ, Papini E, Reddi E, Kos J. In vitro and in vivo characterization of temoporfin-loaded PEGylated PLGA nanoparticles for use in photodynamic therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:663-77. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: In this study we evaluated temoporfin-loaded polyethylene glycol (PEG) Poly-(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) as a new formulation for potential use in cancer treatment. Materials & methods: NPs were characterized for their photophysical properties, temoporfin release, cellular uptake and intracellular localization, and dark and photocytotoxicities of temoporfin by using A549, MCF10A neoT and U937 cell lines. In vivo imaging was performed on athymic nude-Foxn1 mice. Results: Temoporfin was highly aggregated within the NPs and the release of temoporfin monomers was faster from PEGylated PLGA NPs than from non-PEGylated ones. PEGylation significantly reduced the cellular uptake of NPs by the differentiated promonocytic U937 cells, revealing the stealth properties of the delivery system. Dark cytotoxicity of temoporfin delivered by NPs was less than that of free temoporfin in standard solution (Foscan®, Biolitec AG [Jena, Germany]), whereas phototoxicity was not reduced. Temoporfin delivered to mice by PEGylated PLGA NPs exhibits therapeutically favorable tissue distribution. Conclusion: These encouraging results show promise in using PEGylated PLGA NPs for improving the delivery of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Original submitted 30 March 2011; Revised submitted 9 July 2011
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Rojnik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Kocbek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Francesca Moret
- Department of Biology, Interdepartmental Research Center for Innovative Biotechnology, University of Padova, via U.Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Compagnin
- Department of Biology, Interdepartmental Research Center for Innovative Biotechnology, University of Padova, via U.Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Celotti
- Department of Biology, Interdepartmental Research Center for Innovative Biotechnology, University of Padova, via U.Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Melissa J Bovis
- National Medical Laser Centre, University College London, Charles Bell House, 677–3 Riding House St, London W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - Josephine H Woodhams
- National Medical Laser Centre, University College London, Charles Bell House, 677–3 Riding House St, London W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- National Medical Laser Centre, University College London, Charles Bell House, 677–3 Riding House St, London W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - Dietrich Scheglmann
- Research & Development Biolitec AG, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wijnand Helfrich
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Research Laboratory, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco J Verkaik
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Research Laboratory, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuele Papini
- Department of Biology, Interdepartmental Research Center for Innovative Biotechnology, University of Padova, via U.Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Reddi
- Department of Biology, Interdepartmental Research Center for Innovative Biotechnology, University of Padova, via U.Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Janko Kos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Mazzaglia A, Micali N, Scolaro LM, Sciortino MT, Sortino S, Villari V. Design of photosensitizer/cyclodextrin nanoassemblies: spectroscopy, intracellular delivery and photodamage. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424610002562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The engineering of multifunctional nanoparticles carrying photosensitizer drugs (PS) and exposing binding groups for cellular receptors is of increasing interest in therapeutics and diagnostics applications. Natural and modified cyclodextrins (CDs) offer useful scaffolds to bind PS guests by supramolecular interactions. In particular, amphiphilic β-CDs, which form nanoaggregates of diverse shape and size according to the polarity of substituent groups on the rims, include in their different compartments as CD cavity, hydrophilic and hydrophobic portion, PS with different physicochemical properties. PS embedded in cationic amphiphilic CD nanoassemblies are effective in inducing photodynamic damage in cancer cells. For a carrier/PS system to be used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photodynamic diagnosis (PDD), the appropriate combination of the delivery characteristics with the preservation of the photodynamic activity of the PS is strictly required. Homogeneous multilayer films based on cationic amphiphilic β-CD entrapping anionic porphyrins can be constructed to exploit interfacial electrostatic interactions between the two components. The capability of CDs to generate restricted microenvironments for PS which can facilitate photoinduced energy transfer with suitable donor molecules was investigated for potential application in fluorescence diagnosis. Besides, recent findings suggest that PDT could represent a useful tool for properly addressing an alternative approach for killing pathogens and combating infections at a clinical level. Finally, modified CDs can bind gold nanoparticles, yielding hybrid organic/inorganic nanoparticles which were studied in water solution and after casting on solid substrates. These binary assemblies could further encapsulate PS or other conventional drugs, opening new intriguing routes on multimodal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Mazzaglia
- CNR-Isituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN-CNR), Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Norberto Micali
- CNR-Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici (IPCF-CNR), Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Monsù Scolaro
- Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Analitica e Chimica Fisica, Università di Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
- CIRCMSB, Università di Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Sezione di Microbiologia, Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università di Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Villari
- CNR-Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici (IPCF-CNR), Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
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Kommineni S, Ahmad S, Vengala P, Subramanyam C. Sugar coated ceramic nanocarriers for the oral delivery of hydrophobic drugs: formulation, optimization and evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:577-86. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.617884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Quynh TM, Yoneyamab M, Maki Y, Dobashi T. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) graft copolymers and their application as carriers for drug delivery system. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Barreto JA, O'Malley W, Kubeil M, Graham B, Stephan H, Spiccia L. Nanomaterials: applications in cancer imaging and therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:H18-40. [PMID: 21433100 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 616] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanomaterials (NMs) in biomedicine is increasing rapidly and offers excellent prospects for the development of new non-invasive strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In this review, we provide a brief description of cancer pathology and the characteristics that are important for tumor-targeted NM design, followed by an overview of the different types of NMs explored to date, covering synthetic aspects and approaches explored for their application in unimodal and multimodal imaging, diagnosis and therapy. Significant synthetic advances now allow for the preparation of NMs with highly controlled geometry, surface charge, physicochemical properties, and the decoration of their surfaces with polymers and bioactive molecules in order to improve biocompatibility and to achieve active targeting. This is stimulating the development of a diverse range of nanometer-sized objects that can recognize cancer tissue, enabling visualization of tumors, delivery of anti-cancer drugs and/or the destruction of tumors by different therapeutic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Barreto
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Saraiva J, Lira AAM, Esperandim VR, da Silva Ferreira D, Ferraudo AS, Bastos JK, E Silva MLA, de Gaitani CM, de Albuquerque S, Marchetti JM. (-)-Hinokinin-loaded poly(D,-lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles for Chagas disease. Parasitol Res 2010; 106:703-8. [PMID: 20107838 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The (-)-hinokinin display high activity against Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro and in vivo. (-)-Hinokinin-loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles were prepared and characterized in order to protect (-)-hinokinin of biological interactions and promote its sustained release for treatment of Chagas disease. The microparticles contain (-)-hinokinin were prepared by the classical method of the emulsion/solvent evaporation. The scanning electron microscopy, light-scattering analyzer were used to study the morphology and particle size, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency was determined, drug release studies were kinetically evaluated, and the trypanocidal effect was evaluated in vivo. (-)-Hinokinin-loaded microparticles obtained showed a mean diameter of 0.862 microm with smooth surface and spherical shape. The encapsulation efficiency was 72.46 +/- 2.92% and developed system maintained drug release with Higuchi kinetics. The preparation method showed to be suitable, since the morphological characteristics, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release profile were satisfactory. In vivo assays showed significant reduction of mice parasitaemia after administration of (-)-hinokinin-loaded microparticles. Thus, the developed microparticles seem to be a promising system for sustained release of (-)-hinokinin for treatment of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Saraiva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Avenida do Café s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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20
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Inactivation of harmful tumour-associated proteolysis by nanoparticulate system. Int J Pharm 2009; 381:106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Mandal BB, Kundu SC. Self-assembled silk sericin/poloxamer nanoparticles as nanocarriers of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs for targeted delivery. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:355101. [PMID: 19671963 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/35/355101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent times self-assembled micellar nanoparticles have been successfully employed in tissue engineering for targeted drug delivery applications. In this review, silk sericin protein from non-mulberry Antheraea mylitta tropical tasar silk cocoons was blended with pluronic F-127 and F-87 in the presence of solvents to achieve self-assembled micellar nanostructures capable of carrying both hydrophilic (FITC-inulin) and hydrophobic (anticancer drug paclitaxel) drugs. The fabricated nanoparticles were subsequently characterized for their size distribution, drug loading capability, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity. Nanoparticle sizes ranged between 100 and 110 nm in diameter as confirmed by dynamic light scattering. Rapid uptake of these particles into cells was observed in in vitro cellular uptake studies using breast cancer MCF-7 cells. In vitro cytotoxicity assay using paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles against breast cancer cells showed promising results comparable to free paclitaxel drugs. Drug-encapsulated nanoparticle-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells was confirmed by FACS and confocal microscopic studies using Annexin V staining. Up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein Bax, down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and cleavage of regulatory protein PARP through Western blot analysis suggested further drug-induced apoptosis in cells. This study projects silk sericin protein as an alternative natural biomaterial for fabrication of self-assembled nanoparticles in the presence of poloxamer for successful delivery of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs to target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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Messerschmidt SKE, Musyanovych A, Altvater M, Scheurich P, Pfizenmaier K, Landfester K, Kontermann RE. Targeted lipid-coated nanoparticles: delivery of tumor necrosis factor-functionalized particles to tumor cells. J Control Release 2009; 137:69-77. [PMID: 19306900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles displaying tumor necrosis factor on their surface (TNF nanocytes) are useful carrier systems capable of mimicking the bioactivity of membrane-bound TNF. Thus, TNF nanocytes are potent activators of TNF receptor 1 and 2 leading to a striking enhancement of apoptosis. However, in vivo applications are hampered by potential systemic toxicity. Here, using TNF nanocytes as a model system, we developed a procedure to generate targeted lipid-coated particles (TLP) in which TNF activity is shielded. The TLPs generated here are composed of an inner single-chain TNF (scTNF)-functionalized, polymeric nanoparticle core surrounded by a lipid coat endowed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for sterical stabilization and a single-chain Fv (scFv) fragment for targeting. Using a scFv directed against the tumor stroma marker fibroblast activation protein (FAP) we show that TLP and scTNF-TLP specifically bind to FAP-expressing, but not to FAP-negative cells. Lipid coating strongly reduced nonspecific binding of particles and scTNF-mediated cytotoxicity towards FAP-negative cells. In contrast, an increased cytotoxicity of TLP was observed for FAP-positive cells. Thus, through liposome encapsulation, nanoparticles carrying bioactive molecules, which are subject to nonselective uptake and activity towards various cells and tissues, can be converted into target cell-specific composite particles exhibiting a selective activity towards antigen-positive target cells. Besides safe and targeted delivery of death ligands such as TNF, TLP should be suitable for various diagnostic and therapeutic applications, which benefit from a targeted delivery of reagents embedded into the particle core or displayed on the core particle surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia K E Messerschmidt
- Institut für Zellbiologie und Immunologie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Targeted delivery with peptidomimetic conjugated self-assembled nanoparticles. Pharm Res 2008; 26:612-30. [PMID: 19085091 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptides produce specific nanostructures, making them useful for targeting in biological systems but they have low bioavailability, potential immunogenicity and poor metabolic stability. Peptidomimetic self-assembled NPs can possess biological recognition motifs as well as providing desired engineering properties. Inorganic NPs, coated with self-assembled macromers for stability and anti-fouling, and conjugated with target-specific ligands, are advancing imaging from the anatomy-based level to the molecular level. Ligand conjugated NPs are attractive for cell-selective tumor drug delivery, since this process has high transport capacity as well as ligand dependent cell specificity. Peptidomimetic NPs can provide stronger interaction with surface receptors on tumor cells, resulting in higher uptake and reduced drug resistance. Self-assembled NPs conjugated with peptidomimetic antigens are ideal for sustained presentation of vaccine antigens to dendritic cells and subsequent activation of T cell mediated adaptive immune response. Self-assembled NPs are a viable alternative to encapsulation for sustained delivery of proteins in tissue engineering. Cell penetrating peptides conjugated to NPs are used as intracellular delivery vectors for gene expression and as transfection agents for plasmid delivery. In this work, synthesis, characterization, properties, immunogenicity, and medical applications of peptidomimetic NPs in imaging, tumor delivery, vaccination, tissue engineering, and intracellular delivery are reviewed.
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Abstract
This article provides an overview of principles and barriers relevant to intracellular drug and gene transport, accumulation and retention (collectively called as drug delivery) by means of nanovehicles (NV). The aim is to deliver a cargo to a particular intracellular site, if possible, to exert a local action. Some of the principles discussed in this article apply to noncolloidal drugs that are not permeable to the plasma membrane or to the blood-brain barrier. NV are defined as a wide range of nanosized particles leading to colloidal objects which are capable of entering cells and tissues and delivering a cargo intracelullarly. Different localization and targeting means are discussed. Limited discussion on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is also presented. NVs are contrasted to micro-delivery and current nanotechnologies which are already in commercial use. Newer developments in NV technologies are outlined and future applications are stressed. We also briefly review the existing modeling tools and approaches to quantitatively describe the behavior of targeted NV within the vascular and tumor compartments, an area of particular importance. While we list "elementary" phenomena related to different level of complexity of delivery to cancer, we also stress importance of multi-scale modeling and bottom-up systems biology approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Prokop
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 24th Avenue & Garland Avenues, 107 Olin Hall, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
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25
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Levine DH, Ghoroghchian PP, Freudenberg J, Zhang G, Therien MJ, Greene MI, Hammer DA, Murali R. Polymersomes: a new multi-functional tool for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Methods 2008; 46:25-32. [PMID: 18572025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are being developed as delivery vehicles for therapeutic pharmaceuticals and contrast imaging agents. Polymersomes (mesoscopic polymer vesicles) possess a number of attractive biomaterial properties that make them ideal for these applications. Synthetic control over block copolymer chemistry enables tunable design of polymersome material properties. The polymersome architecture, with its large hydrophilic reservoir and its thick hydrophobic lamellar membrane, provides significant storage capacity for both water soluble and insoluble substances (such as drugs and imaging probes). Further, the brush-like architecture of the polymersome outer shell can potentially increase biocompatibility and blood circulation times. A further recent advance is the development of multi-functional polymersomes that carry pharmaceuticals and imaging agents simultaneously. The ability to conjugate biologically active ligands to the brush surface provides a further means for targeted therapy and imaging. Hence, polymersomes hold enormous potential as nanostructured biomaterials for future in vivo drug delivery and diagnostic imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Hope Levine
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
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26
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Gupta S, Singh RK, Dastidar S, Ray A. Cysteine cathepsin S as an immunomodulatory target: present and future trends. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:291-9. [PMID: 18269339 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.12.3.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antigen presentation is the key to immune response. Cathepsin S plays a major role in the degradation of the invariant peptide chain associated with the major histocompatibility complex and thus affects antigen presentation. This review will focus on the recent developments made in field of cysteine cathepsins especially cathepsin S and their future prospects as a therapeutic target. METHODS Selective cathepsin inhibitors for targeting autoimmune disorders, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and cancer are being pursued by many pharmaceutical companies. Recent publications in this field have been used as references to evaluate the current and future trends in cathepsin S inhibitors as an immunomodulatory target. CONCLUSIONS The temporal and spatial position occupied by cathepsin S in immune presentation, gives rise to the hope that an inhibitor would impart selectivity with a lesser propensity for side effects than other immunosuppressive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Gupta
- Ranbaxy Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacology, New Drug Discovery Research, Plot 20, Sector 18, Udyog Vihar Industrial Area, Gurgaon-1220015, Haryana, India.
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He X, Ma J, Mercado AE, Xu W, Jabbari E. Cytotoxicity of Paclitaxel in biodegradable self-assembled core-shell poly(lactide-co-glycolide ethylene oxide fumarate) nanoparticles. Pharm Res 2008; 25:1552-62. [PMID: 18196205 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Biodegradable core-shell polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), with a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic shell, are developed for surfactant-free encapsulation and delivery of Paclitaxel to tumor cells. METHODS Poly (lactide-co-glycolide fumarate) (PLGF) and Poly (lactide-fumarate) (PLAF) were synthesized by condensation polymerization of ultra-low molecular weight poly(L: -lactide-co-glycolide) (ULMW PLGA) with fumaryl chloride (FuCl). Similarly, poly(lactide-co-ethylene oxide fumarate) (PLEOF) macromer was synthesized by reacting ultra-low molecular weight poly(L: -lactide) (ULMW PLA) and PEG with FuCl. The blend PLGF/PLEOF and PLAF/PLEOF macromers were self-assembled into NPs by dialysis. The NPs were characterized with respect to particle size distribution, morphology, and loading efficiency. The physical state and miscibility of Paclitaxel in NPs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. Tumor cell uptake and cytotoxicity of Paclitaxel loaded NPs were measured by incubation with HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells. The distribution of NPs in vivo was assessed with Apc(Min/+)mouse using infrared imaging. RESULTS PLEOF macromer, due to its amphiphilic nature, acted as a surface active agent in the process of self-assembly which produced core-shell NPs with PLGF/PLAF and PLEOF macromers as the core and shell, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency ranged from 70 to 56% and it was independent of the macromer but decreased with increasing concentration of Paclitaxel. Most of the PLGF and PLAF NPs degraded in 15 and 28 days, respectively, which demonstrated that the release was dominated by hydrolytic degradation and erosion of the matrix. As the concentration of Paclitaxel was increased from 0 to 10, and 40 mug/ml, the viability of HCT116 cells incubated with free Paclitaxel decreased from 100 to 65 and 40%, respectively, while those encapsulated in PLGF/PLEOF NPs decreased from 93 to 54 and 28%. CONCLUSIONS Groups with Paclitaxel loaded NPs had higher cytotoxicity compared to Paclitaxel directly added to the media at the same concentration. NPs acted as reservoirs to protect the drug from epimerization and hydrolysis while providing a sustained dose of Paclitaxel with time. Infrared image of the Apc(Min/+) mouse injected with NPs showed significantly higher concentration of NPs in the intestinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhong He
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
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Magadala P, van Vlerken LE, Shahiwala A, Amiji MM. Multifunctional Polymeric Nanosystems for Tumor-Targeted Delivery. MULTIFUNCTIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL NANOCARRIERS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-76554-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Kohli E, Han HY, Zeman AD, Vinogradov SV. Formulations of biodegradable Nanogel carriers with 5'-triphosphates of nucleoside analogs that display a reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced drug activity. J Control Release 2007; 121:19-27. [PMID: 17509713 PMCID: PMC2000331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapies including nucleoside analogs are associated with severe toxic side effects and acquirement of drug resistance. We have previously reported the drug delivery in the form of 5'-triphosphates (NTP) encapsulated in cross-linked cationic networks of polyethylenimine (PEI) and PEG/Pluronic polymers (Nanogels). In this study, Nanogels, containing biodegradable PEI that could easily dissociate in reducing cytosolic environment and form products with minimal toxicity, were synthesized and displayed low cytotoxicity. Toxicity of Nanogels was clearly dependent on the total positive charge of carriers and was 5-6 fold lower for carriers loaded with NTP. Though intracellular ATP level was immediately reduced by ca. 50% following the treatment with Nanogels, it was largely restored 24 h later. Effect of Nanogels on various respiratory components of cells was reversible too, and, therefore, resulted in low immediate cell death. Nanogel alone and formulations with AZT-TP demonstrated a much lower mitochondrial toxicity than AZT. As an example of potential antiviral applications of low-toxic Nanogel carriers, a 5'-triphosphorylated Ribavirin-Nanogel formulation was prepared that demonstrated a 30-fold decrease in effective drug concentration (EC(90)) and, totally, a 10-fold increase in selectivity index compared to the drug alone in MDCK cells infected with influenza A virus.
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Schiffelers RM, de Wolf HK, van Rooy I, Storm G. Synthetic delivery systems for intravenous administration of nucleic acids. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2007; 2:169-81. [PMID: 17716119 DOI: 10.2217/17435889.2.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, there are no intravenously administered nucleic acid-based therapeutics that have been approved for human use. This reflects the difficulties in applying nucleic acid-based drugs: they are nuclease sensitive and have difficulties in reaching their site of action. Important challenges for intravenously administered nucleic acid formulations are the requirements that they can transport the nucleic acids efficiently in the circulation, have the ability to direct nucleic acids to the desired cell type and are able to steer their intracellular processing. Here, we evaluate nanotechnological strategies that improve the pharmacokinetics and colloidal stability of nucleic acids in the bloodstream, focus biodistribution towards the target tissue and facilitate interactions with and trafficking within the desired cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond M Schiffelers
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Kocbek P, Obermajer N, Cegnar M, Kos J, Kristl J. Targeting cancer cells using PLGA nanoparticles surface modified with monoclonal antibody. J Control Release 2007; 120:18-26. [PMID: 17509712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Targeting drugs to their sites of action is still a major challenge in pharmaceutical research. In this study, polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) immuno-nanoparticles were prepared for targeting invasive epithelial breast tumour cells. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) was used as a homing ligand and was attached to the nanoparticle surface either covalently or non-covalently. The presence of mAb on the nanoparticle surface, its stability and recognition properties were tested. Protein assay, surface plasmon resonance, flow cytometry and fluorescence-immunostaining confirmed the presence of mAb on nanoparticles in both cases. However, a binding assay using cell lysate revealed that the recognition properties were preserved only for nanoparticles with adsorbed mAb. These nanoparticles were more likely to be bound to the targeted cells than non-coated nanoparticles. Both types of nanoparticles entered the target MCF-10A neoT cells in mono-culture. In co-culture of MCF-10A neoT and Caco-2 cells immuno-nanoparticles were localized solely to MCF-10A neoT cells, whereas non-coated nanoparticles were distributed randomly. Immuno-nanoparticles entered only MCF-10A neoT cells, while non-coated nanoparticles were taken up by both cell types, indicating specific targeting of the immuno-nanoparticles. In conclusion, we demonstrate a method by which mAbs can be bound to nanoparticles without detriment to their targeting ability. Furthermore, the results show the effectiveness of the new carrier system for targeted delivery of small or large active substances into cells or tissues of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kocbek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Askerceva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Obermajer N, Doljak B, Kos J. Cysteine cathepsins: regulators of antitumour immune response. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2007; 6:1295-309. [PMID: 17223738 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.6.12.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are lysosomal cysteine proteases that are involved in a number of important biological processes, including intracellular protein turnover, propeptide and hormone processing, apoptosis, bone remodelling and reproduction. In cancer, the cathepsins have been linked to extracellular matrix remodelling and to the promotion of tumour cell motility, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis, resulting in poor outcome of cancer patients; however, cysteine cathepsins are also involved at different levels of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Their best known role in this aspect is their contribution to major histocompatibility complex class II antigen presentation, the processing of progranzymes into proteolytically active forms, cytotoxic lymphocyte self-protection, cytokine and growth factor degradation and, finally, the induction of cytokine expression and modulation of integrin function. This review is focused on the role of cysteine cathepsins in the antitumour immune response and the evaluation of their pro- and anticancer behaviours during the regulation of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Obermajer
- University of Ljubljana, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Askerceva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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McNamee CE, Pyo N, Higashitani K. Atomic force microscopy study of the specific adhesion between a colloid particle and a living melanoma cell: Effect of the charge and the hydrophobicity of the particle surface. Biophys J 2006; 91:1960-9. [PMID: 16731555 PMCID: PMC1544312 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.082420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of the charge and the hydrophobicity of drug delivery system (DDS) carriers on their specificity to living malignant melanoma B16F10 cells with the atomic force microscope. To model various nanoparticle DDS carriers, we used silica particles that were modified with silane coupling agents. We then measured the compression and decompression forces between the modified colloid probes and the living B16F10 cell in a physiological buffer as a function of their separation distances. The maximum adhesive force on decompression was related to the strength of the specificity of the DDS to the malignant cell. A comparison of the average maximum adhesive force of each functionality group surprisingly showed that negatively charged surfaces and hydrophobic modified surfaces all had similar low values. Additionally, we saw the unexpected result that there was no observable dependence on the degree of hydrophobicity of the probe surface to a B16F10 cell. Only the positively charged particle gave a strong adhesive force with the B16F10 cell. This indicated that DDS carriers with positive charges appeared to have the highest affinity for malignant melanoma cells and that the use of hydrophobic materials unexpectedly did not improve their affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy E McNamee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University-Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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Villemson A, Couvreur P, Gillet B, Larionova N, Gref R. Dextran-poly-ε-caprolactone micro- and nanoparticles: preparation, characterization and tamoxifen solubilization. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(06)50055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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