Peng TI, Hsiao CW, Reiter RJ, Tanaka M, Lai YK, Jou MJ. mtDNA T8993G mutation-induced mitochondrial complex V inhibition augments cardiolipin-dependent alterations in mitochondrial dynamics during oxidative, Ca(2+), and lipid insults in NARP cybrids: a potential therapeutic target for melatonin.
J Pineal Res 2012;
52:93-106. [PMID:
21812817 DOI:
10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00923.x]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics including morphological fission and mitochondrial movement are essential to normal mitochondrial and cellular physiology. This study investigated how mtDNA T8993G (NARP)-induced inhibition of mitochondrial complex V altered mitochondrial dynamics in association with a protective mitochondrial phospholipid, cardiolipin (CL), as a potential therapeutic target. NARP cybrids harboring 98% of mtDNA T8993G genes and its parental osteosarcoma 143B cells were studied for comparison, and protection provided by melatonin, a potent mitochondrial protector, was explored. We demonstrate for the first time that NARP mutation significantly enhances apoptotic death as a result of three distinct lethal mitochondrial apoptotic insults including oxidative, Ca(2+), and lipid stress. In addition, NARP significantly augmented pathological depletion of CL. NARP-augmented depletion of CL results in enhanced retardation of mitochondrial movement and fission and later swelling of mitochondria during all insults. These results suggest that CL is a common and crucial pathological target for mitochondrial apoptotic insults. Furthermore, CL possibly plays a central role in regulating mitochondrial dynamics that are associated with NARP-augmented mitochondrial pathologies. Intriguingly, melatonin, by differentially preserving CL during various stresses (oxidation > Ca(2+) > lipid), rescues differentially CL-altered mitochondrial dynamics and cell death (oxidation > Ca(2+) > lipid). Thus, melatonin, in addition to being a mitochondrial antioxidant to antagonize mitochondrial oxidative stress, a mitochondrial permeability transition modulator to antagonize mitochondrial Ca(2+) stress, may stabilize directly CL to prevent its oxidization and/or depletion and, therefore, exerts great potential in rescuing CL-dependent mitochondrial dynamics-associated mitochondrial pathologies for treatment of NARP-induced pathologies and diseases.
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