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Heo SC, Kwon YW, Jang IH, Jeong GO, Lee TW, Yoon JW, Shin HJ, Jeong HC, Ahn Y, Ko TH, Lee SC, Han J, Kim JH. Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Is Involved in Cardiac Repair After Myocardial Infarction Through Mobilization of Circulating Angiogenic Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 35:654-665. [PMID: 27790799 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) promote repair of ischemic tissues. Activation of formyl peptide receptor 2 (Fpr2) has been reported to stimulate repair of ischemic heart. This study was conducted to investigate the role of Fpr2 on CAC mobilization and cardiac protection in myocardial infarction (MI). WKYMVm, a strong agonist for Fpr2, was administered in a murine model of acute MI, and mobilization of CACs including endothelial progenitor cells (CD34+ Flk1+ or Sca1+ Flk1+ cells) in peripheral blood was monitored. CAC mobilization by daily injection of WKYMVm for the first 4 days after MI was as efficient as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and provided myocardial protection from apoptosis with increased vascular density and preservation of cardiac function. Transplantation of bone marrow (BM) from green fluorescent protein mice showed that BM-derived cells homed to ischemic heart after WKYMVm treatment and contributed to tissue protection. Transplantation of BM from Fpr2 knockout mice showed that Fpr2 in BM cells is critical in mediation of WKYMVm-stimulated myocardial protection and neovascularization after MI. These results suggest that activation of Fpr2 in BM after WKYMVm treatment provides cardiac protection through mobilization of CACs after MI, which may lead to the development of a new clinical protocol for treating patients with ischemic heart conditions. Stem Cells 2017;35:654-665.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Chul Heo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Woo Kwon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ho Jang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Ok Jeong
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wook Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Yoon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Shin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Chang Jeong
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hee Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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2
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Huber BC, Grabmaier U, Brunner S. Impact of parathyroid hormone on bone marrow-derived stem cell mobilization and migration. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:637-643. [PMID: 25426261 PMCID: PMC4178264 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i5.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is well-known as the principal regulator of calcium homeostasis in the human body and controls bone metabolism via actions on the survival and activation of osteoblasts. The intermittent administration of PTH has been shown to stimulate bone production in mice and men and therefore PTH administration has been recently approved for the treatment of osteoporosis. Besides to its physiological role in bone remodelling PTH has been demonstrated to influence and expand the bone marrow stem cell niche where hematopoietic stem cells, capable of both self-renewal and differentiation, reside. Moreover, intermittent PTH treatment is capable to induce mobilization of progenitor cells from the bone marrow into the bloodstream. This novel function of PTH on modulating the activity of the stem cell niche in the bone marrow as well as on mobilization and regeneration of bone marrow-derived stem cells offers new therapeutic options in bone marrow and stem cell transplantation as well as in the field of ischemic disorders.
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Kröpfl JM, Stelzer I, Mangge H, Pekovits K, Fuchs R, Allard N, Schinagl L, Hofmann P, Dohr G, Wallner-Liebmann S, Domej W, Müller W. Exercise-induced norepinephrine decreases circulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell colony-forming capacity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106120. [PMID: 25180783 PMCID: PMC4152172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study showed that ergometry increased circulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (CPC) numbers, but reduced hematopoietic colony forming capacity/functionality under normoxia and normobaric hypoxia. Herein we investigated whether an exercise-induced elevated plasma free/bound norepinephrine (NE) concentration could be responsible for directly influencing CPC functionality. Venous blood was taken from ten healthy male subjects (25.3+/-4.4 yrs) before and 4 times after ergometry under normoxia and normobaric hypoxia (FiO2<0.15). The circulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell numbers were correlated with free/bound NE, free/bound epinephrine (EPI), cortisol (Co) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Additionally, the influence of exercise-induced NE and blood lactate (La) on CPC functionality was analyzed in a randomly selected group of subjects (n = 6) in vitro under normoxia by secondary colony-forming unit granulocyte macrophage assays. Concentrations of free NE, EPI, Co and IL-6 were significantly increased post-exercise under normoxia/hypoxia. Ergometry-induced free NE concentrations found in vivo showed a significant impairment of CPC functionality in vitro under normoxia. Thus, ergometry-induced free NE was thought to trigger CPC mobilization 10 minutes post-exercise, but as previously shown impairs CPC proliferative capacity/functionality at the same time. The obtained results suggest that an ergometry-induced free NE concentration has a direct negative effect on CPC functionality. Cortisol may further influence CPC dynamics and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Kröpfl
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Exercise Physiology Lab, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ingeborg Stelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Research Unit on Lifestyle and Inflammation-associated Risk Biomarkers, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Research Unit on Lifestyle and Inflammation-associated Risk Biomarkers, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Karl-Franzens University & Technical University & Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Pekovits
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Fuchs
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nathalie Allard
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Schinagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Research Unit on Lifestyle and Inflammation-associated Risk Biomarkers, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hofmann
- Institute of Sports Science, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gottfried Dohr
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang Domej
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfram Müller
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Altmann P, Mildner M, Haider T, Traxler D, Beer L, Ristl R, Golabi B, Gabriel C, Leutmezer F, Ankersmit HJ. Secretomes of apoptotic mononuclear cells ameliorate neurological damage in rats with focal ischemia. F1000Res 2014; 3:131. [PMID: 25383184 PMCID: PMC4215751 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.4219.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pursuit of targeting multiple pathways in the ischemic cascade of cerebral stroke is a promising treatment option. We examined the regenerative potential of conditioned medium derived from rat and human apoptotic mononuclear cells (MNC), rMNC
apo sec and hMNC
apo sec, in experimental stroke. We performed middle cerebral artery occlusion on Wistar rats and administered apoptotic MNC-secretomes intraperitoneally in two experimental settings. Ischemic lesion volumes were determined 48 hours after cerebral ischemia. Neurological evaluations were performed after 6, 24 and 48 hours. Immunoblots were conducted to analyze neuroprotective signal-transduction in human primary glia cells and neurons. Neuronal sprouting assays were performed and neurotrophic factors in both hMNC
apo sec and rat plasma were quantified using ELISA. Administration of rat as well as human apoptotic MNC-secretomes significantly reduced ischemic lesion volumes by 36% and 37%, respectively. Neurological examinations revealed improvement after stroke in both treatment groups. Co-incubation of human astrocytes, Schwann cells and neurons with hMNC
apo sec resulted in activation of several signaling cascades associated with the regulation of cytoprotective gene products and enhanced neuronal sprouting
in vitro. Analysis of neurotrophic factors in hMNC
apo sec and rat plasma revealed high levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Our data indicate that apoptotic MNC-secretomes elicit neuroprotective effects on rats that have undergone ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Altmann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria ; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Thomas Haider
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria ; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Denise Traxler
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria ; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Lucian Beer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Robin Ristl
- Section for Medical Statistics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Bahar Golabi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Christian Gabriel
- Red Cross Transfusion Service for Upper Austria, Linz, 4017, Austria
| | - Fritz Leutmezer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria ; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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Brunner S, Theiss HD, Leiss M, Grabmaier U, Grabmeier J, Huber B, Vallaster M, Clevert DA, Sauter M, Kandolf R, Rimmbach C, David R, Klingel K, Franz WM. Enhanced stem cell migration mediated by VCAM-1/VLA-4 interaction improves cardiac function in virus-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:388. [PMID: 24065117 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous circulation of bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) was observed in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) who showed cardiac upregulation of Vascular Cell Adhesion Protein-1 (VCAM-1). However, the underlying pathophysiology is currently unknown. Thus, we aimed to analyze circulation, migration and G-CSF-based mobilization of BMCs in a murine model of virus-induced DCM. Mice with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) induced DCM and healthy controls were analyzed regarding their myocardial homing factors by PCR. To determine cardiac VCAM-1 expression ELISA and immunohistochemistry were applied. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze BMCs. Cardiac diameters and function were evaluated by echocardiography before and 4 weeks after G-CSF treatment. In murine CVB3-induced DCM an increase of BMCs in peripheral blood and a decrease of BMCs in bone marrow was observed. We found an enhanced migration of Very Late Antigen-4 (VLA-4⁺) BMCs to the diseased heart overexpressing VCAM-1 and higher numbers of CD45⁻CD34⁻Sca-1⁺ and CD45⁻CD34⁻c-kit⁺ cells. Mobilization of BMCs by G-CSF boosted migration along the VCAM-1/VLA-4 axis and reduced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Significant improvement of cardiac function was detected by echocardiography in G-CSF-treated mice. Blocking VCAM-1 by a neutralizing antibody reduced the G-CSF-dependent effects on stem cell migration and cardiac function. This is the first study showing that in virus-induced DCM VCAM-1/VLA-4 interaction is crucial for recruitment of circulating BMCs leading to beneficial anti-apoptotic effects resulting in improved cardiac function after G-CSF-induced mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Brunner
- Medical Department I, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany,
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7
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Adams Jr JD. Preventive medicine and the traditional concept of living in balance. World J Pharmacol 2013; 2:73-77. [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v2.i3.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases such as arthritis, heart disease and type 2 diabetes are becoming much more common. The cost of maintaining patients inflicted with these diseases increases yearly. These diseases were less common prior to 1970. This paper will consider several questions. How do toxic lifestyles contribute to these chronic diseases What is preventive medicine How can traditional healing help educate people about disease prevention What is the traditional concept of balance and how is it important in modern medicine The dangers of obesity are discussed in terms of inflammatory adipokine and inflammatory fat production. Mechanisms of disease causation or promotion are reviewed for heart disease, type 2 diabetes, arthritis and cancer. A preventive medicine approach to preventing or perhaps curing these diseases is given which involves treating toxic lifestyles and encouraging people to live in balance. The traditional concept of balance is explained in traditional Chinese medicine terms and in scientific terms. Yin and yang are cold and hot but can also be seen as agonist and antagonist. In addition, yin and yang can be seen as rest and exercise. When yin and yang are in balance, chi flows in the body. Chi is the flow of extracellular and intracellular signaling compounds and processes in the body. When the body is in balance, it can heal itself. The traditional concept of balance should be taught as a central principle of preventive medicine.
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Abstract
Many tissues of the body cannot only repair themselves, but also self-renew, a property mainly due to stem cells and the various mechanisms that regulate their behavior. Stem cell biology is a relatively new field. While advances are slowly being realized, stem cells possess huge potential to ameliorate disease and counteract the aging process, causing its speculation as the next panacea. Amidst public pressure to advance rapidly to clinical trials, there is a need to understand the biology of stem cells and to support basic research programs. Without a proper comprehension of how cells and tissues are maintained during the adult life span, clinical trials are bound to fail. This review will cover the basic biology of stem cells, the various types of stem cells, their potential function, and the advantages and disadvantages to their use in medicine. We will next cover the role of G protein-coupled receptors in the regulation of stem cells and their potential in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- VAN A. DOZE
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA (V.A.D.), and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA (D.M.P.)
| | - DIANNE M. PEREZ
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA (V.A.D.), and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA (D.M.P.)
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Ziadloo A, Burks SR, Gold EM, Lewis BK, Chaudhry A, Merino MJ, Frenkel V, Frank JA. Enhanced homing permeability and retention of bone marrow stromal cells by noninvasive pulsed focused ultrasound. Stem Cells 2012; 30:1216-27. [PMID: 22593018 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have shown significant promise in the treatment of disease, but their therapeutic efficacy is often limited by inefficient homing of systemically administered cells, which results in low number of cells accumulating at sites of pathology. BMSC home to areas of inflammation where local expression of integrins and chemokine gradients is present. We demonstrated that nondestructive pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) exposures that emphasize the mechanical effects of ultrasound-tissue interactions induced local and transient elevations of chemoattractants (i.e., cytokines, integrins, and growth factors) in the murine kidney. pFUS-induced upregulation of cytokines occurred through approximately 1 day post-treatment and returned to contralateral kidney levels by day 3. This window of significant increases in cytokine expression was accompanied by local increases of other trophic factors and integrins that have been shown to promote BMSC homing. When BMSCs were intravenously administered following pFUS treatment to a single kidney, enhanced homing, permeability, and retention of BMSC was observed in the treated kidney versus the contralateral kidney. Histological analysis revealed up to eight times more BMSC in the peritubular regions of the treated kidneys on days 1 and 3 post-treatment. Furthermore, cytokine levels in pFUS-treated kidneys following BMSC administration were found to be similar to controls, suggesting modulation of cytokine levels by BMSC. pFUS could potentially improve cell-based therapies as a noninvasive modality to target homing by establishing local chemoattractant gradients and increasing expression of integrins to enhance tropism of cells toward treated tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ziadloo
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Radiology Research, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Honold J, Fischer-Rasokat U, Lehmann R, Leistner DM, Seeger FH, Schachinger V, Martin H, Dimmeler S, Zeiher AM, Assmus B. G-CSF stimulation and coronary reinfusion of mobilized circulating mononuclear proangiogenic cells in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease:five-year results of the TOPCARE-G-CSF trial. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:2325-37. [PMID: 22963750 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x654957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prognosis of patients with heart failure remains poor despite improved conventional and interventional treatment regimens. The improvement of neovascularization and repair processes by administration of bone marrow-derived cells modestly improved the recovery after acute myocardial infarction. However, circulating patient-derived cells are reduced in number and function particularly in chronic heart failure. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis whether the mobilization of circulating mononuclear proangiogenic cells (CPCs) by G-CSF may overcome some of these limitations. In the present pilot study, 32 patients with at least 3-month-old myocardial infarction were randomized to G-CSF alone (G-CSF group) or intracoronary infusion of G-CSF-mobilized and cultured CPCs into the infarct-related artery (G-CSF/CPC group). Primary endpoint of the study was safety. Efficacy parameters included serial assessment of LV function, NT-proBNP levels, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. G-CSF effectively mobilized circulating CD34(+)CD45(+) cells after 5 days in all patients (408 ± 64%) without serious adverse events. At 3 months, NYHA class and global LV function did not show significant improvements in both treatment groups (G-CSF: ΔLVEF 1.6 ± 2.4%; p = 0.10; G-CSF/CPC: ΔLVEF 1.4 ± 4.1%; p = 0.16). In contrast, target area contractility improved significantly in the G-CSF/CPC group. During 5-year follow-up, one patient died after rehospitalization for worsening heart failure. Eleven patients underwent further revascularization procedures. NT-proBNP levels, cardiopulmonary exercise capacity, and NYHA class remained stable in both treatment groups. The results from our pilot trial indicate that administration of G-CSF alone or G-CSF-mobilized and cultured CPCs can be performed safely in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. However, only minor effects on LV function, NT-proBNP levels, and NYHA classification were observed during follow-up, suggesting that the enhancement of CPCs by G-CSF alone does not substantially improve intracoronary cell therapy effects in patients with chronic ischemic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Honold
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine III, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Lichtenauer M, Mildner M, Hoetzenecker K, Zimmermann M, Podesser BK, Sipos W, Berényi E, Dworschak M, Tschachler E, Gyöngyösi M, Ankersmit HJ. Secretome of apoptotic peripheral blood cells (APOSEC) confers cytoprotection to cardiomyocytes and inhibits tissue remodelling after acute myocardial infarction: a preclinical study. Basic Res Cardiol 2011; 106:1283-97. [PMID: 21952733 PMCID: PMC3228946 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Our previous observation that injection of apoptotic peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) suspensions was able to restore long-term cardiac function in a rat AMI model prompted us to study the effect of soluble factors derived from apoptotic PBMC on ventricular remodelling after AMI. Cell culture supernatants derived from irradiated apoptotic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (APOSEC) were collected and injected as a single dose intravenously after myocardial infarction in an experimental AMI rat model and in a porcine closed chest reperfused AMI model. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiography were used to quantitate cardiac function. Analysis of soluble factors present in APOSEC was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and activation of signalling cascades in human cardiomyocytes by APOSEC in vitro was studied by immunoblot analysis. Intravenous administration of a single dose of APOSEC resulted in a reduction of scar tissue formation in both AMI models. In the porcine reperfused AMI model, APOSEC led to higher values of ejection fraction (57.0 vs. 40.5%, p < 0.01), a better cardiac output (4.0 vs. 2.4 l/min, p < 0.001) and a reduced extent of infarction size (12.6 vs. 6.9%, p < 0.02) as determined by MRI. Exposure of primary human cardiac myocytes with APOSEC in vitro triggered the activation of pro-survival signalling-cascades (AKT, Erk1/2, CREB, c-Jun), increased anti-apoptotic gene products (Bcl-2, BAG1) and protected them from starvation-induced cell death. Intravenous infusion of culture supernatant of apoptotic PBMC attenuates myocardial remodelling in experimental AMI models. This effect is probably due to the activation of pro-survival signalling cascades in the affected cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Zimmermann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang Sipos
- Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Herd Management, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ervin Berényi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory and Imaging Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Martin Dworschak
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Zaruba MM, Zhu W, Soonpaa MH, Reuter S, Franz WM, Field LJ. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment plus dipeptidylpeptidase-IV inhibition augments myocardial regeneration in mice expressing cyclin D2 in adult cardiomyocytes. Eur Heart J 2011; 33:129-37. [PMID: 21849352 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Although pharmacological interventions that mobilize stem cells and enhance their homing to damaged tissue can limit adverse post-myocardial infarction (MI) remodelling, cardiomyocyte renewal with this approach is limited. While experimental cell cycle induction can promote cardiomyocyte renewal following MI, this process must compete with the more rapid processes of scar formation and adverse remodelling. The current study tested the hypothesis that the combination of enhanced stem cell mobilization/homing and cardiomyocyte cell cycle induction would result in increased myocardial renewal in injured hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS Myocardial infarction was induced by coronary artery ligation in adult MHC-cycD2 transgenic mice (which exhibit constitutive cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity) and their non-transgenic littermates. Mice were then treated with saline or with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) plus the dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor Diprotin A (DipA) for 7 days. Infarct thickness and cardiomyocyte number/infarct/section were significantly improved in MHC-cycD2 mice with G-CSF plus DipA treatment when compared with MHC-cycD2 transgene expression or G-CSF plus DipA treatment alone. Echocardiographic analyses revealed that stem cell mobilization/homing and cardiomyocyte cell cycle activation had an additive effect on functional recovery. CONCLUSION These data strongly suggest that G-CSF plus DPP-IV inhibition, combined with cardiomyocyte cell cycle activation, leads to enhanced myocardial regeneration following MI. The data are also consistent with the notion that altering adverse post-injury remodelling renders the myocardium more permissive for cardiomyocyte repopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Michael Zaruba
- Medical Department I, Klinikum Grossh, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Marchioninistrasse 15, Munich 81377, Germany.
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G-CSF and erythropoietin combination therapy for infarct repair: two plus two equals two? Editorial to: "Cytokine combination theray with erythropoietin and granulocyte colony stimulating factor in a porcine model of acute myocardial infarction" by F.S. Angeli et al. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2011; 24:369-71. [PMID: 20886365 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-010-6268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Strauss HW, Fox JJ. Mobilizing the fountain of youth within. J Nucl Cardiol 2011; 18:396-7. [PMID: 21394552 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-011-9363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Parietti E, Pallandre JR, Deschaseaux F, Aupècle B, Durst C, Kantelip JP, Chocron S, Davani S. Presence of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and levels of stromal-derived factor-1α are associated with ascending aorta aneurysm size. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 40:e6-12. [PMID: 21481600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2011.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are a specialized subset of stem/progenitor cells found in bone marrow. They participate in neo-vascularization of injured vessels and predict cardiovascular outcome in patient at risk. Several factors influence their migration and proliferation, among which is the widely studied stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α). In cardiovascular disease, regarding thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs), few studies have investigated the levels of EPC and SDF-1α. As rupture, acute dissection and hematoma are acute complications of idiopathic ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (iATAA) that increase with the size of aneurysm, we aimed to evaluate a potential relationship between circulating EPC and SDF-1α and iATAA size. METHODS The aneurysm size of 27 consecutive patients suffering from iATAA and scheduled for surgery was assessed by computed tomography scan. In all patients, we measured levels of circulating EPCs by flow cytometer, and plasma levels of SDF-1α the day before surgery. RESULTS The median aneurysm size was 54 mm (interquartile range (IQR): 50.0-58.8]. The EPC levels of CD34+/CD144+/CD14- and CD34+/VEGF-R2+/CD14- were inversely correlated to aneurysm diameter (p = 0.038, r = -0.424 and p = 0.0046, r = -0.65, respectively) before surgery. Conversely, plasma levels of SDF-1α were positively correlated to aneurysm size (p = 0.042; r = 0.47). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that EPC levels may be useful for monitoring ascending aorta aneurysms and that SDF-1α could be a biomarker of iATAA expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Parietti
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, CHU Besançon, EA 3920, IFR 133, University of Franche-Comté, Besancon, France
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Huber BC, Brunner S, Segeth A, Nathan P, Fischer R, Zaruba MM, Vallaster M, Theiss HD, David R, Gerbitz A, Franz WM. Parathyroid hormone is a DPP-IV inhibitor and increases SDF-1-driven homing of CXCR4(+) stem cells into the ischaemic heart. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 90:529-37. [PMID: 21245057 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been shown to promote stem cell mobilization into peripheral blood. Moreover, PTH treatment after myocardial infarction (MI) improved survival and myocardial function associated with enhanced homing of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMCs). To unravel the molecular mechanisms of PTH-mediated stem cell trafficking, we analysed wild-type (wt) and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic mice after MI with respect to the pivotal stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis. METHODS AND RESULTS WT and GFP-transgenic mice (C57BL/6J) were infarcted by coronary artery ligation and PTH (80 μg/kg/day) was injected for 6 days afterwards. Number of BMCs was analysed by flow cytometry. SDF-1 protein levels and activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) were investigated by ELISA and activity assay. Functional analyses were performed at day 30 after MI. PTH-treated animals revealed an enhanced homing of CXCR4(+) BMCs associated with an increased protein level of the corresponding homing factor SDF-1 in the ischaemic heart. In vitro and in vivo, PTH inhibited the activity of DPP-IV, which cleaves and inactivates SDF-1. Functionally, PTH significantly improved myocardial function after MI. Both stem cell homing as well as functional recovery were reversed by the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100. CONCLUSION In summary, PTH is a DPP-IV inhibitor leading to an increased cardiac SDF-1 level, which enhances recruitment of CXCR4(+) BMCs into the ischaemic heart associated with attenuated ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Since PTH is already clinically used our findings may have direct impact on the initiation of studies in patients with ischaemic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno C Huber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistr. 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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Iwasaki M, Koyanagi M, Kossmann H, Monsefi N, Rupp S, Trauth J, Paulus P, Goetz R, Momma S, Tjwa M, Ohtani K, Henschler R, Schranz D, Cossu G, Zacharowski K, Martens S, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. Hepatocyte growth factor mobilizes non-bone marrow-derived circulating mesoangioblasts. Eur Heart J 2010; 32:627-36. [PMID: 21193434 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The identification of factors that mobilize subsets of endogenous progenitor cells may provide new therapeutic tools to enhance the repair of ischaemic tissue. We previously identified circulating mesenchymal cells that co-express endothelial markers (so-called circulating mesoangioblasts, cMABs) in children undergoing heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, the mechanisms by which these cells are mobilized and their origin is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Circulating CD73(+)CD45(-)KDR(+) cMABs were analysed in adults undergoing heart surgery with (n = 21) or without CPB (n = 8). During surgery with CPB, cMABs are mobilized with a maximal response at the end of the operation. In contrast, off-pump heart surgery does not stimulate cMAB mobilization, indicating that the stress mediated by CPB induces the mobilization of cMAB. Circulating mesoangioblasts were enriched in blood obtained from the coronary sinus. Histologically, CD73(+) cells were detected around vessels in the heart, indicating that the heart is one of the niches of cMABs. Consistently, studies in gender mismatched bone marrow transplanted patients demonstrated that cMABs did not originate from the bone marrow. Cytokine profiling of serum samples revealed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was profoundly increased at the time point of maximal mobilization of cMABs. Hepatocyte growth factor stimulated the migration of cMABs. Importantly, injection of recombinant HGF increased cMABs in rats. CONCLUSIONS Hepatocyte growth factor induces mobilization of non-haematopoietic progenitor cells with a cardiac repair capacity. This newly identified function together with the known pleiotrophic effects of HGF makes HGF an attractive therapeutic option for the treatment of ischaemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Iwasaki
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Dimmeler S. Regulation of bone marrow-derived vascular progenitor cell mobilization and maintenance. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:1088-93. [PMID: 20453167 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.191668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy is a promising option for treating ischemic diseases and heart failure. Bone marrow-derived vasculogenic cells, including progenitor cells and proangiogenic cells, have been shown to augment the functional recovery after ischemia. However, cardiovascular diseases affect the functional activity of the endogenous progenitor cell pools. The local microenvironment, also termed the stem cell niche, provides essential cues that maintain stem and progenitor cell functions and direct cell fate decisions in the bone marrow. A disturbed niche might lead to cell dysfunction (eg, by exhaustion). In addition, the niche controls mobilization of the cells into the circulation. This review will discuss the impact of cardiovascular disease on stem cell niches and summarize strategies targeting the niche for mobilization of vasculogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Huber BC, Fischer R, Brunner S, Groebner M, Rischpler C, Segeth A, Zaruba MM, Wollenweber T, Hacker M, Franz WM. Comparison of parathyroid hormone and G-CSF treatment after myocardial infarction on perfusion and stem cell homing. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H1466-71. [PMID: 20207820 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00033.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mobilization of stem cells by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was shown to have protective effects after myocardial infarction (MI); however, clinical trials failed to be effective. In search for alternative cytokines, parathyroid hormone (PTH) was recently shown to promote cardiac repair by enhanced neovascularization and cell survival. To compare the impact of the two cytokines G-CSF and PTH on myocardial perfusion, mice were noninvasively and repetitively investigated by pinhole single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) after MI. Mobilization and homing of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMCs) was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. Mice (C57BL/6J) were infarcted by left anterior descending artery ligation. PTH (80 mug/kg) and G-CSF (100 mug/kg) were injected for 5 days. Perfusion defects were determined by (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT at days 6 and 30 after MI. The number of BMCs characterized by Lin(-)/Sca-1(+)/c-kit(+) cells in peripheral blood and heart was analyzed by FACS. Both G-CSF and PTH treatment resulted in an augmented mobilization of BMCs in the peripheral blood. Contrary to G-CSF and controls, PTH and the combination showed significant migration of BMCs in ischemic myocardium associated with a significant reduction of perfusion defects from day 6 to day 30. A combination of both cytokines had no additional effects on migration and perfusion. In our preclinical model, SPECT analyses revealed the functional potential of PTH reducing size of infarction together with an enhanced homing of BMCs to the myocardium in contrast to G-CSF. A combination of both cytokines did not improve the functional outcome, suggesting clinical applications of PTH in ischemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno C Huber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistrasse 15, Munich, Germany
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Schobersberger W, Leichtfried V, Mueck-Weymann M, Humpeler E. Austrian Moderate Altitude Studies (AMAS): benefits of exposure to moderate altitudes (1,500-2,500 m). Sleep Breath 2009; 14:201-7. [PMID: 19669819 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-009-0286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A considerable part of the millions of Alpine tourists suffer from pre-existing diseases (e.g., metabolic syndrome) and high daily stress levels. The main goal of the Austrian Moderate Altitude Study (AMAS) was to investigate (a) the consequences of an active vacation at moderate altitude on the key parameters of the metabolic syndrome (AMAS I) and (b) the effects of a short active vacation on adult progenitor cells, bio-psychological parameters, and heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS During the AMAS I pilot study (n = 22; 1,700 m a.s.l.) and AMAS I main study (n = 71; 1,700 m a.s.l. and 200 m a.s.l.), the volunteers simulated 3-week coached hiking vacations. For AMAS II, healthy volunteers (n = 13) participated in a 1-week active holiday at 1,700 m. RESULTS There were significant improvements of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance of AMAS I patients after the vacation. In AMAS II participants, we found an increase in circulating endothelial progenitor cells as well as improvements in bio-psychological and HRV parameters. CONCLUSIONS Active vacations at moderate altitude are associated with a variety of positive health effects in persons with metabolic syndrome and in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Schobersberger
- Institut für Sport-, Alpinmedizin und Gesundheitstourismus (ISAG), TILAK Innsbruck und UMIT, Eduard Wallnöfer-Zentrum 1, Hall/Tirol, Austria.
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Kornowski R. The challenges of stem cell treatment in ischemic heart disease. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2009; 73:289-90. [PMID: 19213081 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.21992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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