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Ahmad S, Manzoor S, Siddiqui S, Mariappan N, Zafar I, Ahmad A, Ahmad A. Epigenetic underpinnings of inflammation: Connecting the dots between pulmonary diseases, lung cancer and COVID-19. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 83:384-398. [PMID: 33484868 PMCID: PMC8046427 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential component of several respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It is central to lung cancer, the leading cancer in terms of associated mortality that has affected millions of individuals worldwide. Inflammation and pulmonary manifestations are also the major causes of COVID-19 related deaths. Acute hyperinflammation plays an important role in the COVID-19 disease progression and severity, and development of protective immunity against the virus is greatly sought. Further, the severity of COVID-19 is greatly enhanced in lung cancer patients, probably due to the genes such as ACE2, TMPRSS2, PAI-1 and furin that are commonly involved in cancer progression as well as SAR-CoV-2 infection. The importance of inflammation in pulmonary manifestations, cancer and COVID-19 calls for a closer look at the underlying processes, particularly the associated increase in IL-6 and other cytokines, the dysregulation of immune cells and the coagulation pathway. Towards this end, several reports have identified epigenetic regulation of inflammation at different levels. Expression of several key inflammation-related cytokines, chemokines and other genes is affected by methylation and acetylation while non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs as well as long non-coding RNAs, also affect the overall inflammatory responses. Select miRNAs can regulate inflammation in COVID-19 infection, lung cancer as well as other inflammatory lung diseases, and can serve as epigenetic links that can be therapeutically targeted. Furthermore, epigenetic changes also mediate the environmental factors-induced inflammation. Therefore, a better understanding of epigenetic regulation of inflammation can potentially help develop novel strategies to prevent, diagnose and treat chronic pulmonary diseases, lung cancer and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Ahmad
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shajer Manzoor
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Simmone Siddiqui
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nithya Mariappan
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Iram Zafar
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Kontic M, Jovanovic D, Kern I, Nelson H, Bojic S, Ognjanovic M, Ognjanovic SI. Is hypermethylation of SOX1 gene an independent prognostic marker in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer? J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 18:1692-1696. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_125_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Silva IR, Francisco LFV, Bernardo C, Oliveira MA, Barbosa F, Silveira HCS. DNA methylation changes in promoter region of CDKN2A gene in workers exposed in construction environment. Biomarkers 2020; 25:594-602. [PMID: 32875942 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1817981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Construction workers are exposed to a mixture of substances in the workplace considered carcinogenic. This study aimed to characterise gene-specific changes in DNA methylation over the workweek in this population as this type of environmental exposure has not been studied extensively. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated their DNA methylation in 4 gene-promoter regions (CDKN2A, RASSF1A, MLH1 and APC) and 2 repeat elements (ALU and LINE-1) in blood samples obtained on the first and fifth day of the same workweek of a group of 39 male construction workers. DNA methylation was measured by bisulphite-PCR-Pyrosequencing. We also measured the levels of trace elements in the whole blood by ICP-MS. RESULTS Only the CDKN2A gene had significant differences in the average methylation level between the first and fifth day of the workweek. We also observed that the levels of Cu, Pb, Se, Mn, and Ti decreased during the fifth day of exposure, and only lead, titanium and copper showed a low significant correlation with the methylation level mean for three specific CpG sites of the CDKN2A. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the data suggest that altered levels of CDKN2A methylation in construction workers may be a potential biomarker of recent exposure in this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cassia Bernardo
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Barbosa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique César Santejo Silveira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil.,University of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, 78008-000, Brazil Cuiabá
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He LX, Tang ZH, Huang QS, Li WH. DNA Methylation: A Potential Biomarker of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:585. [PMID: 32733890 PMCID: PMC7358425 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious public health concern worldwide. By 2040, 4.41 million people are estimated to expire annually due to COPD. However, till date, it has remained difficult to alter the activity or progress of the disease through treatment. In order to address this issue, the best way would be to find biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for COPD. DNA methylation (DNAm) may be a potential biomarker for disease prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis, and its reversibility further makes it a potential drug design target in COPD. In this review, we aimed to explore the role of DNAm as biomarkers and disease mediators in different tissue samples from patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Xi He
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Tang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing-Song Huang
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Hong Li
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and over 80% of lung cancer patients are classified as having non-small cell lung cancer. Although there have been technological advancements in the early detection and standard treatment of lung cancer, it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and is chemoresistant to most available drugs. A number of studies have demonstrated that microRNA is able to modulate various tumorigenic processes, including progression and metastasis, in various mechanisms. In this review we examine the most recent achievements in microRNA and lung cancer treatment and summarize the research progress on the reciprocal regulation between microRNA and epigenetic modifications, as both have been intensively studied in lung cancer. Epigenetic modifications on the human genome regulate gene and microRNA expression at the transcriptional level; inversely, microRNA can also transcriptionally cleave and/or translationally repress the expression of several key enzymes involved in epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation and histone modification. Better understanding of reciprocal regulation between microRNA and epigenetic modifications will underlie the development of novel microRNA orientated diagnostic and therapeutic strategies relating to lung cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Kumar
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Yaguang Xi
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and smoking are determinants of LINE-1 and AhRR promoter methylation in coke oven workers. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 826:33-40. [PMID: 29412867 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coke oven emissions (COE) containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are predominant toxic constituents of particulate air pollution that have been linked to increased risk of lung cancer. Aberrant DNA methylation is one of the best known epigenetic changes in human cancers and healthy subjects exposed to carcinogens. The purpose of this study is to explore the factors influencing the methylation of long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) and aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR) in coke oven workers. The study population is composed by coke oven workers (348) and water treatment workers (131). And their urinary PAH metabolites were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography; DNA methylation were measured by pyrosequencing. The urinary PAHs metabolites were significantly elevated in coke oven workers (P < 0.01). The results from multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a high level of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene was associated with a significantly increased risk of hypomethylation of LINE-1 (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.25, 2.60), and heavy smoking was associated with a significantly increased risk of hypomethylation of AhRR (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.00). Our findings demonstrate that urinary 1-hydroxypyrene may be a useful biomarker for evaluating the role of PAHs exposure on hypomethylation of LINE-1 among coke oven workers and that smoking may be an important factor affecting hypomethylation of AhRR.
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Mossman BT. Cell Signaling and Epigenetic Mechanisms in Mesothelioma. ASBESTOS AND MESOTHELIOMA 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-53560-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Mohammadi A, Mansoori B, Baradaran B. The role of microRNAs in colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:705-713. [PMID: 27701052 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still the third most common cancer in the world. Mechanism of CRC tumorigenesis has been widely studied at the molecular levels, and has been recently entered the area of microRNAs. MicroRNAs are small 19 to 22 nucleotides of RNA that engage in the regulation of cell differentiation, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression. MicroRNAs are similar to small interfering RNA (siRNA), that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and control various cellular mechanisms. They are important factors in the carcinogenesis of CRC, one of the most important factors includes microRNA. MicroRNAs have been linked to CRC development, and these molecules have been recently studied as new potential biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment of CRC. Specific microRNA expression patterns help distinguish CRC from other colon related disease, and may be used as a prognostication factor in patients after treatment with different chemotherapy drugs. More over the newest molecular therapy via tumor suppressor micro RNA replacement can be new insight in molecular therapy of CRC. This review summarizes the potential roles of microRNAs as potential biomarkers for CRC diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Characteristics of DNA methylation changes induced by traffic-related air pollution. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 796:46-53. [PMID: 26778509 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is a potential risk factor for numerous respiratory disorders, including lung cancer, while alteration of DNA methylation may be one of the underlying mechanisms. However, the effects of TRAP mixtures on DNA methylation have not been investigated. We have studied the effects of brief or prolonged TRAP exposures on DNA methylation in the rat. The exposures were performed in spring and autumn, with identical study procedures. In each season, healthy Wistar rats were exposed to TRAP at for 4 h, 7 d, 14 d, or 28 d. Global DNA methylation (LINE-1 and Alu) and specific gene methylation (p16(CDKN2A), APC, and iNOS) in the DNA from blood and lung tissues were quantified by pyrosequencing. Multiple linear regression was applied to assess the influence of air pollutants on DNA methylation levels. The levels of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 in the high and moderate groups were significantly higher than in the control group. The DNA methylation levels were not significantly different between spring and autumn. When spring and autumn data were analyzed together, PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 exposures were associated with changes in%5mC (95% CI) in LINE-1, iNOS, p16(CDKN2A), and APC ranging from -0.088 (-0.150, -0.026) to 0.102 (0.049, 0.154) per 1 μg/m(3) increase in the pollutant concentration. Prolonged exposure to a high level of TRAP was negatively associated with LINE-1 and iNOS methylation, and positively associated with APC methylations in the DNA from lung tissues but not blood. These findings show that TRAP exposure is associated with decreased methylation of LINE-1 and iNOS, and increased methylation of p16(CDKN2A) and APC.
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Lock M, McGillick EV, Orgeig S, McMillen IC, Morrison JL. Regulation of fetal lung development in response to maternal overnutrition. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 40:803-16. [PMID: 24033542 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
With the worldwide obesity epidemic, the proportion of women entering pregnancy overweight or obese has increased significantly in recent years. Babies born to obese women are at an increased risk of respiratory complications at birth and in childhood. In addition to maternal diabetes, there are a number of metabolic changes that the fetus of an overnourished mother experiences in utero that may modulate lung development and represent the mechanisms underlying the increased risk of respiratory complications. Herein we highlight a series of factors associated with the intrauterine environment of an overnourished mother that may impact on fetal lung development and lead to an increased risk of complications at birth or in postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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11
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Goh F, Shaw JG, Savarimuthu Francis SM, Vaughan A, Morrison L, Relan V, Marshall HM, Dent AG, O'Hare PE, Hsiao A, Bowman RV, Fong KM, Yang IA. Personalizing and targeting therapy for COPD: the role of molecular and clinical biomarkers. Expert Rev Respir Med 2013; 7:593-605. [PMID: 24160750 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2013.842468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation. It is the third leading cause of death worldwide, and there are currently no curative strategies for this disease. Many factors contribute to COPD susceptibility, progression and exacerbations. These include cigarette smoking, environmental and occupational pollutants, respiratory infections and comorbidities. As the clinical phenotypes of COPD are so variable, it has been difficult to devise an individualized treatment plan for patients with this complex chronic disease. This review will highlight how potential clinical, inflammatory, genomic and epigenomic biomarkers for COPD could be used to personalize treatment, leading to improved disease management and prevention for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Goh
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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12
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Wright CM, Kirschner MB, Cheng YY, O'Byrne KJ, Gray SG, Schelch K, Hoda MA, Klebe S, McCaughan B, van Zandwijk N, Reid G. Long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are dysregulated in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM). PLoS One 2013; 8:e70940. [PMID: 23976967 PMCID: PMC3747266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer that is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and is characterized by a long latency period (20–40 years between initial exposure and diagnosis) and prior exposure to asbestos. Currently accurate diagnosis of MPM is difficult due to the lack of sensitive biomarkers and despite minor improvements in treatment, median survival rates do not exceed 12 months. Accumulating evidence suggests that aberrant expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important functional role in cancer biology. LncRNAs are a class of recently discovered non-protein coding RNAs >200 nucleotides in length with a role in regulating transcription. Here we used NCode long noncoding microarrays to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs potentially involved in MPM pathogenesis. High priority candidate lncRNAs were selected on the basis of statistical (P<0.05) and biological significance (>3-fold difference). Expression levels of 9 candidate lncRNAs were technically validated using RT-qPCR, and biologically validated in three independent test sets: (1) 57 archived MPM tissues obtained from extrapleural pneumonectomy patients, (2) 15 cryopreserved MPM and 3 benign pleura, and (3) an extended panel of 10 MPM cell lines. RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated consistent up-regulation of these lncRNAs in independent datasets. ROC curve analysis showed that two candidates were able to separate benign pleura and MPM with high sensitivity and specificity, and were associated with nodal metastases and survival following induction chemotherapy. These results suggest that lncRNAs have potential to serve as biomarkers in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey M. Wright
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Concord New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Michaela B. Kirschner
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Concord New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yuen Yee Cheng
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Concord New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Karin Schelch
- Institute of Cancer Research and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mir Alireza Hoda
- Institute of Cancer Research and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Brian McCaughan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, and Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nico van Zandwijk
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Concord New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glen Reid
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Concord New South Wales, Australia
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Duan H, He Z, Ma J, Zhang B, Sheng Z, Bin P, Cheng J, Niu Y, Dong H, Lin H, Dai Y, Zhu B, Chen W, Xiao Y, Zheng Y. Global and MGMT promoter hypomethylation independently associated with genomic instability of lymphocytes in subjects exposed to high-dose polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:2013-2022. [PMID: 23543013 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Global hypomethylation, gene-specific methylation, and genome instability are common events in tumorigenesis. To date, few studies have examined the aberrant DNA methylation patterns in coke oven workers, who are highly at risk of lung cancer by occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We recruited 82 PAH-exposed workers and 62 unexposed controls, assessed exposure levels by urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, and measured genetic damages by comet assay, bleomycin sensitivity, and micronucleus assay. The PAHs in coke oven emissions (COE) were estimated based on toxic equivalency factors. We used bisulfite-PCR pyrosequencing to quantitate DNA methylation in long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) and O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Further, the methylation alteration was also investigated in COE-treated human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. We found there are higher levels of PAHs in COE. Among PAH-exposed workers, LINE-1 and MGMT methylation levels (with CpG site specificity) were significantly lowered. LINE-1, MGMT, and its hot CpG site-specific methylation were negatively correlated with urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels (r = -0.329, p < 0.001; r = -0.164, p = 0.049 and r = -0.176, p = 0.034, respectively). In addition, LINE-1 methylation was inversely associated with comet tail moment and micronucleus frequency, and a significant increase of micronucleus in low MGMT methylation group. In vitro study revealed that treatment of COE in 16HBE cells resulted in higher production of BPDE-DNA adducts, LINE-1 hypomethylation, hypomethylation, and suppression of MGMT expression. These findings suggest hypomethylation of LINE-1 and MGMT promoter could be used as markers for PAHs exposure and merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhini He
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Bin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Lin
- Institute of Industrial Health, Anshan Steel Industrial Corporation, Anshan, 114044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Benzhan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Chen
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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Wang JW, Li K, Hellermann G, Lockey RF, Mohapatra S, Mohapatra S. Regulating the Regulators: microRNA and Asthma. World Allergy Organ J 2013; 4:94-103. [PMID: 23282474 PMCID: PMC3651079 DOI: 10.1186/1939-4551-4-6-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One obstacle to developing an effective therapeutic strategy to treat or prevent asthma is that the fundamental causes of asthma are not totally understood. Asthma is thought to be a chronic TH2 immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Epigenetic changes are recognized to play a role in the initiation and maintenance of a TH2 response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key epigenetic regulators of gene expression, and their expression is highly regulated, therefore, deregulation of miRNAs may play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Profiling circulating miRNA might provide the highest specificity and sensitivity to diagnose asthma; similarly, correcting potential defects in the miRNA regulation network may lead to new therapeutic modalities to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Translational Medicine and Nanomedicine Research Center1, and Division of Allergy and Immunology2, Department of Molecular Medicine3, University of South Florida College of Medicine, and James A. Haley VA Hospital and Medical Research Center4, Tampa, FL 33612
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Abstract
There is considerable evidence suggesting that epigenetic mechanisms may mediate development of chronic inflammation by modulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, interleukins, tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes and autocrine and paracrine activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. These molecules are constitutively produced by a variety of cells under chronic inflammatory conditions, which in turn leads to the development of major diseases such as autoimmune disorders, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Distinct or global changes in the epigenetic landscape are hallmarks of chronic inflammation driven diseases. Epigenetics include changes to distinct markers on the genome and associated cellular transcriptional machinery that are copied during cell division (mitosis and meiosis). These changes appear for a short span of time and they necessarily do not make permanent changes to the primary DNA sequence itself. However, the most frequently observed epigenetic changes include aberrant DNA methylation, and histone acetylation and deacetylation. In this chapter, we focus on pro-inflammatory molecules that are regulated by enzymes involved in epigenetic modifications such as arginine and lysine methyl transferases, DNA methyltransferase, histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases and their role in inflammation driven diseases. Agents that modulate or inhibit these epigenetic modifications, such as HAT or HDAC inhibitors have shown great potential in inhibiting the progression of these diseases. Given the plasticity of these epigenetic changes and their readiness to respond to intervention by small molecule inhibitors, there is a tremendous potential for the development of novel therapeutics that will serve as direct or adjuvant therapeutic compounds in the treatment of these diseases.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer: common pathogenesis, shared clinical challenges. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2012; 9:74-9. [PMID: 22550249 DOI: 10.1513/pats.201107-039ms] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental inhaled noxious particles have been known to play a role in several lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer, the deadliest malignancy in the world in both sexes. Of the known noxious agents, tobacco smoking is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide and is a recognized risk for the development of both diseases. The association between COPD and lung cancer has been demonstrated in population-based studies, lung cancer screening programs, epidemiological surveys, and case control and biological mechanistic studies. There is evidence that cumulative smoking history is associated with the risk of developing lung cancer and COPD; however, the majority of smokers do not develop clinical COPD or lung cancer. This suggests the presence of one or several factors that modulate the responses to the offending agents and define the final risk for disease development. The 54th Aspen Lung Conference was convened to provide a forum for a systematic dissection of the potential mechanisms by which persons exposed to the causative agents are able to handle and control the process or, in the case of dysfunctional response, the mechanisms that take off in different directions and result in injury and disease. This summary reviews the themes presented and attempts to integrate them for those clinicians and researchers interested in these topics. The challenges and future directions emanating from the discussions may help frame future conferences and hopefully inspire the interest of young researchers.
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Holloway JW, Savarimuthu Francis S, Fong KM, Yang IA. Genomics and the respiratory effects of air pollution exposure. Respirology 2012; 17:590-600. [PMID: 22404320 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adverse health effects from air pollutants remain important, despite improvement in air quality in the past few decades. The exact mechanisms of lung injury from exposure to air pollutants are not yet fully understood. Studying the genome (e.g. single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) ), epigenome (e.g. methylation of genes), transcriptome (mRNA expression) and microRNAome (microRNA expression) has the potential to improve our understanding of the adverse effects of air pollutants. Genome-wide association studies of SNP have detected SNP associated with respiratory phenotypes; however, to date, only candidate gene studies of air pollution exposure have been performed. Changes in epigenetic processes, such DNA methylation that leads to gene silencing without altering the DNA sequence, occur with air pollutant exposure, especially global and gene-specific methylation changes. Respiratory cell line and animal models demonstrate distinct gene expression signatures in the transcriptome, arising from exposure to particulate matter or ozone. Particulate matter and other environmental toxins alter expression of microRNA, which are short non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression. While it is clearly important to contain rising levels of air pollution, strategies also need to be developed to minimize the damaging effects of air pollutant exposure on the lung, especially for patients with chronic lung disease and for people at risk of future lung disease. Careful study of genomic responses will improve our understanding of mechanisms of lung injury from air pollution and enable future clinical testing of interventions against the toxic effects of air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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18
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Intarasunanont P, Navasumrit P, Waraprasit S, Chaisatra K, Suk WA, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat M. Effects of arsenic exposure on DNA methylation in cord blood samples from newborn babies and in a human lymphoblast cell line. Environ Health 2012; 11:31. [PMID: 22551203 PMCID: PMC3506565 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-11-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence indicates that in utero exposure to arsenic is associated with congenital defects and long-term disease consequences including cancers. Recent studies suggest that arsenic carcinogenesis results from epigenetic changes, particularly in DNA methylation. This study aimed to investigate DNA methylation changes as a result of arsenic exposure in utero and in vitro. METHODS For the exposure in utero study, a total of seventy-one newborns (fifty-five arsenic-exposed and sixteen unexposed newborns) were recruited. Arsenic concentrations in the drinking water were measured, and exposure in newborns was assessed by measurement of arsenic concentrations in cord blood, nails and hair by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). In the in vitro study, human lymphoblasts were treated with arsenite at 0-100 μM for two, four and eight hours (short-term) and at 0, 0.5 and 1.0 μM for eight-weeks period (long-term). DNA methylation was analyzed in cord blood lymphocytes and lymphoblasts treated with arsenite in vitro. Global DNA methylation was determined as LINE-1 methylation using combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) and total 5-methyldeoxycytidine (5MedC) content which was determined by HPLC-MS/MS. Methylation of p53 was determined at the promoter region using methylation-specific restriction endonuclease digestion with MspI and HpaII. RESULTS Results showed that arsenic-exposed newborns had significantly higher levels of arsenic in cord blood, fingernails, toenails and hair than those of the unexposed subjects and a slight increase in promoter methylation of p53 in cord blood lymphocytes which significantly correlated with arsenic accumulation in nails (p < 0.05) was observed, while LINE-1 methylation was unchanged. Short-term in vitro arsenite treatment in lymphoblastoid cells clearly demonstrated a significant global hypomethylation, determined as reduction in LINE-1 methylation and total 5-MedC content, and p53 hypermethylation (p < 0.05). However, a slight LINE-1 hypomethylation and transient p53 promoter hypermethylation were observed following long-term in vitro treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an important finding that in utero arsenic exposure affects DNA methylation, particularly at the p53 promoter region, which may be linked to the mechanism of arsenic carcinogenesis and the observed increased incidence of cancer later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponpat Intarasunanont
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Inter-University Post Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Technology and Management of the Chulabhorn Research Institute, Asian Institute of Technology and Mahidol University, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panida Navasumrit
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Inter-University Post Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Technology and Management of the Chulabhorn Research Institute, Asian Institute of Technology and Mahidol University, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchamai Waraprasit
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Krittinee Chaisatra
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - William A Suk
- Center for Risk and Integrated Sciences, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chulabhorn Mahidol
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Mathuros Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Inter-University Post Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Technology and Management of the Chulabhorn Research Institute, Asian Institute of Technology and Mahidol University, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phayathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Schrump DS. Targeting epigenetic mediators of gene expression in thoracic malignancies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2012; 1819:836-45. [PMID: 22507242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung and esophageal cancers and malignant pleural mesotheliomas are highly lethal neoplasms that are leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Presently, limited information is available pertaining to epigenetic mechanisms mediating initiation and progression of these neoplasms. The following presentation will focus on the potential clinical relevance of epigenomic alterations in thoracic malignancies mediated by DNA methylation, perturbations in the histone code, and polycomb group proteins, as well as ongoing translational efforts to target epigenetic regulators of gene expression for treatment of these neoplasms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chromatin in time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Schrump
- Thoracic Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Rm. 4-3940, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1201, Bethesda, MD 20892-1201, USA.
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Sakao S, Tatsumi K. The importance of epigenetics in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respirology 2012; 16:1056-63. [PMID: 21824218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.02032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that genetic predisposition plays a role in COPD development in susceptible individuals. Therefore, many candidate genes that could be linked to the development of disease have been examined in COPD. However, inconsistent results in different study populations often limit this approach, suggesting that not only genetics, but also other factors, may be contributed to the susceptibility to COPD. Epigenetic mechanisms can affect the transcriptional activity of specific genes, at different points in time, and in different organs. Moreover, these mechanisms can have an effect on people's health. Recently, there is emerging evidence supporting a role of epigenetics for the regulation of inflammatory genes in diseases such as asthma and COPD. Moreover, recent studies suggest that the currently used treatments including corticosteroids may work through epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic regulation can be reprogrammed, potentially affecting the risk, aetiology and treatment of various disease states. The epigenetically influenced phenotype could be reversed with demethylating or deacetylating agents, consistent with epigenetic plasticity. The postnatal reversibility of these methylation or acetylation events may therefore provide good opportunities for intervention. The recognition of the role of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in the development of COPD may identify novel targets that hatch new therapies for patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Sakao
- Department of Respirology (B2), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan.
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21
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Hou L, Zhang X, Tarantini L, Nordio F, Bonzini M, Angelici L, Marinelli B, Rizzo G, Cantone L, Apostoli P, Bertazzi PA, Baccarelli A. Ambient PM exposure and DNA methylation in tumor suppressor genes: a cross-sectional study. Part Fibre Toxicol 2011; 8:25. [PMID: 21878113 PMCID: PMC3180673 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-8-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air particles matter (PM) has been associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Aberrant tumor suppressor gene promoter methylation has emerged as a promising biomarker for cancers, including lung cancer. Whether exposure to PM is associated with peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) DNA methylation in tumor suppressor genes has not been evaluated. In 63 male healthy steel workers with well-characterized exposure to metal-rich particles nearby Brescia, Italy, we evaluated whether exposure to PM and metal components was associated with PBL DNA methylation in 4 tumor suppressor genes (i.e., APC, p16, p53 and RASSF1A). Blood samples were obtained on the 1st (baseline) and 4th day (post-exposure) of the same work week and DNA methylation was measured using pyrosequencing. A linear mixed model was used to examine the correlations of the exposure with promoter methylation levels. Mean promoter DNA methylation levels of APC or p16 were significantly higher in post-exposure samples compared to that in baseline samples (p-values = 0.005 for APC, and p-value = 0.006 for p16). By contrast, the mean levels of p53 or RASSF1A promoter methylation was decreased in post-exposure samples compared to that in baseline samples (p-value = 0.015 for p53; and p-value < 0.001 for RASSF1A). In post-exposure samples, APC methylation was positively associated with PM10 (β = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.13-0.40), and PM1 (β = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.09-0.38). In summary, ambient PM exposure was associated with PBL DNA methylation levels of tumor suppressor genes of APC, p16, p53 and RASSF1A, suggesting that such methylation alterations may reflect processes related to PM-induced lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N, Lakeshore Drive, Chicago, 60611, USA.
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Zeitlin PL, Nogee LM. Etiology of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Before Birth. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND PULMONOLOGY 2011; 24:21-25. [PMID: 35927855 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2011.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia affects thousands of infants annually with high attendant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Respiratory outcomes for preterm infants may be widely disparate even within the same medical center for infants of similar gestational ages. Given the high estimates for the heritability for bronchopulmonary dysplasia as measured at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age, the course of disease for a particular infant is likely heavily influenced by factors that operate prenatally or in the early postnatal period. In this review we discuss the etiologies of lung disease in the premature infant, including in utero, genetic, and epigenetic factors that may influence pulmonary outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela L Zeitlin
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lawrence M Nogee
- Division of Neonatology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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Abstract
Epigenetic modifications occur in response to environmental changes and play a fundamental role in gene expression following environmental stimuli. Major epigenetic events include methylation and acetylation of histones and regulatory factors, DNA methylation, and small non-coding RNAs. Diet, pollution, infections, and other environmental factors have profound effects on epigenetic modifications and trigger susceptibility to diseases. Despite a growing body of literature addressing the role of the environment on gene expression, very little is known about the epigenetic pathways involved in the modulation of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes. This review summarizes the current knowledge about epigenetic control mechanisms during the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bayarsaihan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Connecticut Health Center, 262 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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Yang IA, Relan V, Wright CM, Davidson MR, Sriram KB, Savarimuthu Francis SM, Clarke BE, Duhig EE, Bowman RV, Fong KM. Common pathogenic mechanisms and pathways in the development of COPD and lung cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:439-56. [PMID: 21284573 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.555400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer and COPD commonly coexist in smokers, and the presence of COPD increases the risk of developing lung cancer. In addition to smoking cessation and preventing smoking initiation, understanding the shared mechanisms of these smoking-related lung diseases is critical, in order to develop new methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer and COPD. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the common mechanisms for susceptibility to lung cancer and COPD, which in addition to cigarette smoke, may involve inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, abnormal repair, oxidative stress, and cell proliferation. Furthermore, we discuss the underlying genomic and epigenomic changes (single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), copy number variation, promoter hypermethylation and microRNAs) that are likely to alter biological pathways, leading to susceptibility to lung cancer and COPD (e.g., altered nicotine receptor biology). EXPERT OPINION Strategies to study genomics, epigenomics and gene-environment interaction will yield greater insight into the shared pathogenesis of lung cancer and COPD, leading to new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Yang
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Thoracic Research Laboratory, Brisbane, Australia.
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