1
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Ju H, Kim K, Kim BI, Woo SK. Graph Neural Network Model for Prediction of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis Using Protein-Protein Interaction Network and 18F-FDG PET/CT Radiomics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:698. [PMID: 38255770 PMCID: PMC10815846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The image texture features obtained from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) images of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have revealed tumor heterogeneity. A combination of genomic data and radiomics may improve the prediction of tumor prognosis. This study aimed to predict NSCLC metastasis using a graph neural network (GNN) obtained by combining a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network based on gene expression data and image texture features. 18F-FDG PET/CT images and RNA sequencing data of 93 patients with NSCLC were acquired from The Cancer Imaging Archive. Image texture features were extracted from 18F-FDG PET/CT images and area under the curve receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of each image feature was calculated. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct gene modules, followed by functional enrichment analysis and identification of differentially expressed genes. The PPI of each gene module and genes belonging to metastasis-related processes were converted via a graph attention network. Images and genomic features were concatenated. The GNN model using PPI modules from WGCNA and metastasis-related functions combined with image texture features was evaluated quantitatively. Fifty-five image texture features were extracted from 18F-FDG PET/CT, and radiomic features were selected based on AUC (n = 10). Eighty-six gene modules were clustered by WGCNA. Genes (n = 19) enriched in the metastasis-related pathways were filtered using DEG analysis. The accuracy of the PPI network, derived from WGCNA modules and metastasis-related genes, improved from 0.4795 to 0.5830 (p < 2.75 × 10-12). Integrating PPI of four metastasis-related genes with 18F-FDG PET/CT image features in a GNN model elevated its accuracy over a without image feature model to 0.8545 (95% CI = 0.8401-0.8689, p-value < 0.02). This model demonstrated significant enhancement compared to the model using PPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT derived from WGCNA (p-value < 0.02), underscoring the critical role of metastasis-related genes in prediction model. The enhanced predictive capability of the lymph node metastasis prediction GNN model for NSCLC, achieved through the integration of comprehensive image features with genomic data, demonstrates promise for clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Ju
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea;
- Division of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 07812, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kangsan Kim
- Division of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 07812, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byung Il Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 07812, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang-Keun Woo
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea;
- Division of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 07812, Republic of Korea;
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2
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Sun Y, Gao Z, Wang R, Zhang G, Wu T, Yin W, Sun Y, Qin Q, Zhao D, Cheng M. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of diaminopyrimidine derivatives as novel focal adhesion kinase inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2301-2314. [PMID: 37974962 PMCID: PMC10650953 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00324h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that belongs to the family of focal adhesion complexes and is responsible for the development of various tumors. Herein, 24 diaminopyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized based on TAE-226. Several compounds with good activity were further evaluated regarding their antiproliferative activities against two cancer cells with high FAK expression. Compound A12 showed potent anticancer activity against A549 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines with IC50 values of 130 nM and 94 nM, respectively. In vitro metabolic stability and cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition assays showed that A12 exhibited favorable stability and weak inhibitory activity on CYP isoforms. Preliminary evaluation of kinase selectivity showed that A12 was a multi-kinase inhibitor. The acute toxicity in vivo indicated that A12 possessed acceptable safety. Compound A12 was also selected for molecular docking studies and the prediction of molecular properties and drug-like properties. These results indicated that compound A12 could be used as a potential lead compound targeting FAK for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District 110016 Shenyang China
| | - Zixuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District 110016 Shenyang China
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University 56 Xinjiannan Road, Yingze District Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Guoqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District 110016 Shenyang China
| | - Tianxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District 110016 Shenyang China
| | - Wenbo Yin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District 110016 Shenyang China
| | - Yin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District 110016 Shenyang China
| | - Qiaohua Qin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District 110016 Shenyang China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District 110016 Shenyang China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District 110016 Shenyang China
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3
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Buenaventura RGM, Merlino G, Yu Y. Ez-Metastasizing: The Crucial Roles of Ezrin in Metastasis. Cells 2023; 12:1620. [PMID: 37371090 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ezrin is the cytoskeletal organizer and functions in the modulation of membrane-cytoskeleton interaction, maintenance of cell shape and structure, and regulation of cell-cell adhesion and movement, as well as cell survival. Ezrin plays a critical role in regulating tumor metastasis through interaction with other binding proteins. Notably, Ezrin has been reported to interact with immune cells, allowing tumor cells to escape immune attack in metastasis. Here, we review the main functions of Ezrin, the mechanisms through which it acts, its role in tumor metastasis, and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rand Gabriel M Buenaventura
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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4
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VE-Cadherin modulates β-catenin/TCF-4 to enhance Vasculogenic Mimicry. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:135. [PMID: 36797281 PMCID: PMC9935922 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05666-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Vasculogenic Mimicry (VM) refers to the capacity to form a blood network from aggressive cancer cells in an independent way of endothelial cells, to provide nutrients and oxygen leading to enhanced microenvironment complexity and treatment failure. In a previous study, we demonstrated that VE-Cadherin and its phosphorylation at Y658 modulated kaiso-dependent gene expression (CCND1 and Wnt 11) through a pathway involving Focal Adhesion kinase (FAK). In the present research, using a proteomic approach, we have found that β-catenin/TCF-4 is associated with nuclear VE-cadherin and enhances the capacity of malignant melanoma cells to undergo VM in cooperation with VE-Cadherin; in addition, preventing the phosphorylation of Y658 of VE-cadherin upon FAK disabling resulted in VE-Cadherin/β-catenin complex dissociation, increased β-catenin degradation while reducing TCF-4-dependent genes transcription (C-Myc and Twist-1). Uveal melanoma cells knockout for VE-Cadherin loses β-catenin expression while the rescue of VE-Cadherin (but not of the phosphorylation defective VE-Cadherin Y658F mutant) permits stabilization of β-catenin and tumor growth reduction in vivo experiments. In vivo, the concomitant treatment with the FAK inhibitor PF-271 and the anti-angiogenic agent bevacizumab leads to a strong reduction in tumor growth concerning the single treatment. In conclusion, the anomalous expression of VE-Cadherin in metastatic melanoma cells (from both uveal and cutaneous origins), together with its permanent phosphorylation at Y658, favors the induction of the aggressive VM phenotype through the cooperation of β-catenin with VE-Cadherin and by enhancing TCF-4 genes-dependent transcription.
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5
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Qin Q, Wang R, Fu Q, Zhang G, Wu T, Liu N, Lv R, Yin W, Sun Y, Sun Y, Zhao D, Cheng M. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of potent FAK-degrading PROTACs. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2241-2255. [PMID: 35978496 PMCID: PMC9455338 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2100886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
FAK mediated tumour cell migration, invasion, survival, proliferation and regulation of tumour stem cells through its kinase-dependent enzymatic functions and kinase-independent scaffolding functions. At present, the development of FAK PROTACs has become one of the hotspots in current pharmaceutical research to solve above problems. Herein, we designed and synthesised a series of FAK-targeting PROTACs consisted of PF-562271 derivative 1 and Pomalidomide. All compounds showed significant in vitro FAK kinase inhibitory activity, the IC50 value of the optimised PROTAC A13 was 26.4 nM. Further, A13 exhibited optimal protein degradation (85% degradation at 10 nM). Meantime, compared with PF-562271, PROTAC A13 exhibited better antiproliferative activity and anti-invasion ability in A549 cells. More, A13 had excellent plasma stability with T1/2 >194.8 min. There are various signs that PROTAC A13 could be useful as expand tool for studying functions of FAK in biological system and as potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohua Qin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Qinglin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Guoqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Tianxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ruicheng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Wenbo Yin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yixiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
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Comprehensive Landscape of Prognostic Significance and Immune Characteristics of Myosins in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:5501476. [PMID: 35478939 PMCID: PMC9038433 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5501476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin superfamily, a large and diverse family of molecular motors important for cell motility and migration, has been illustrated to play contradictory roles during the development of several kinds of tumors. However, the function and prognostic values of MYOs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) still remain largely unknown. In the current manuscript, the expression levels and clinical data of MYOs in HNSCC were investigated by online databases, including Oncomine, GEPIA, GEO, TCGA, HPA, UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and CancerSEA; we found that the expression levels of MYO1B, MYO5A, and MYO10 were significantly elevated in HNSCC tissues, which were also correlated with the unfavorable overall survival (OS) of the patients. Furthermore, MYO1B/MYO5A/MYO10 interacting genes were identified, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed by STRING and GeneMANIA. The enrichment analysis revealed that MYO1B/MYO5A/MYO10 associated genes mainly participated in cell metastasis and EMT processes, which were also confirmed by cell functional experiments. At last, the ssGSEA method was conducted to investigate the extent of immune cell infiltration, and we found that both the expression of MYO1B/MYO5A/MYO10 were closely correlated with the infiltration of immune cells in HNSCC. These findings implied that MYO1B, MYO5A, and MYO10 as novel prognostic factors for HNSCC and provided new strategy for HNSCC treatment.
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7
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Sattar RSA, Sumi MP, Nimisha, Apurva, Kumar A, Sharma AK, Ahmad E, Ali A, Mahajan B, Saluja SS. S1P signaling, its interactions and cross-talks with other partners and therapeutic importance in colorectal cancer. Cell Signal 2021; 86:110080. [PMID: 34245863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) plays an important role in normal physiology, inflammation, initiation and progression of cancer. Deregulation of S1P signaling causes aberrant proliferation, affects survival, leads to angiogenesis and metastasis. Sphingolipid rheostat is crucial for cellular homeostasis. Discrepancy in sphingolipid metabolism is linked to cancer and drug insensitivity. Owing to these diverse functions and being a potent mediator of tumor growth, S1P signaling might be a suitable candidate for anti-tumor therapy or combination therapy. In this review, with a focus on colorectal cancer we have summarized the interacting partners of S1P signaling pathway, its therapeutic approaches along with the contribution of S1P signaling to various cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Real Sumayya Abdul Sattar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Mamta P Sumi
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Nimisha
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Apurva
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Sharma
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Ejaj Ahmad
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Asgar Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS), Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Bhawna Mahajan
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; Department of GI Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India.
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8
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Brullo C, Tasso B. New Insights on Fak and Fak Inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3318-3338. [PMID: 33143618 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201103162239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focal adhesion kinase (Fak) is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase overexpressed and activated in different solid cancers; it has shown an important role in metastasis formation, cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis and consequently it has been proposed as a potential target in cancer therapy, particularly in a metastatic phase. In recent years, different investigations have highlighted the importance of new Fak inhibitors as potential anti-cancer drugs, but other studies evidenced its role in different pathologies related to the cardiac function or viral infection. METHODS An extensive bibliographic research (104 references) has been done concerning the structure of Fak, its importance in tumor development, but also in other pathologies currently under study. The compounds currently subjected to clinical studies were therefore treated using the appropriate databases. Finally, the main chemical scaffolds currently under preclinical investigation were analyzed, focusing on their molecular structures and on the activity structure relationships (SAR). RESULTS At the moment, only a few reversible ATP-competitive inhibitors are under investigation in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. Other compounds, with different chemical scaffolds, are investigated to obtain more active and selective Fak inhibitors. This mini-review is a summary of different Fak functions in cancer and other pathologies; the compounds today in clinical trials and the recent chemical scaffolds (also included in patents) giving the most interesting results are investigated. In addition, PROTAC molecules are reported. CONCLUSION All reported results evidenced that additional studies are necessary to design and synthesize new selective and more active compounds, although promising information has been obtained from associations between Fak inhibitors and other different anti- cancer drugs. In addition, the other important roles evidenced, both at the nuclear level and in non-cancerous cells, make this protein an increasingly important target in pharmaceutical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3-I16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Bruno Tasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3-I16132 Genova, Italy
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Kanno Y, Chen CY, Lee HL, Chiou JF, Chen YJ. Molecular Mechanisms of Chemotherapy Resistance in Head and Neck Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:640392. [PMID: 34026617 PMCID: PMC8138159 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.640392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is a huge barrier for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients and therefore requires close attention to understand its underlay mechanisms for effective strategies. In this review, we first summarize the molecular mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance that occur during the treatment with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and docetaxel/paclitaxel, including DNA/RNA damage repair, drug efflux, apoptosis inhibition, and epidermal growth factor receptor/focal adhesion kinase/nuclear factor-κB activation. Next, we describe the potential approaches to combining conventional therapies with previous cancer treatments such as immunotherapy, which may improve the treatment outcomes and prolong the survival of HNC patients. Overall, by parsing the reported molecular mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance within HNC patient’s tumors, we can improve the prediction of chemotherapeutic responsiveness, and reveal new therapeutic targets for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuka Kanno
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chang-Yu Chen
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hsin-Lun Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Fong Chiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ju Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Translational Laboratory, Research Department, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Kim MK, Hwang WC, Min DS. Pleckstrin homology domain of phospholipase D2 is a negative regulator of focal adhesion kinase. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 32843133 PMCID: PMC7907743 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.2.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D2 (PLD2) has been implicated in the tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling pathways, but the regulation events are yet to be identified. Herein, we demonstrate that pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of PLD2 (PLD2-PH) exerts an antitumorigenic effect via the suppression of PLD2 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). The kinase domain of FAK interacts with PLD2-PH and induces tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of PLD2. Furthermore, PLD2 increased tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK. However, ectopic expression of the PLD2-PH competes for binding to FAK and reduces the interaction between PLD2 and FAK, thereby suppressing FAK-induced PLD activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK. The PLD2-PH suppressed the migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells, as well as tumor formation in a xenograft mouse model. This study uncovers a novel role of PLD2-PH as a negative regulator of PLD2 and FAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyoung Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Won Chan Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
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11
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Nikolopoulou PA, Koufaki MA, Kostourou V. The Adhesome Network: Key Components Shaping the Tumour Stroma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:525. [PMID: 33573141 PMCID: PMC7866493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond the conventional perception of solid tumours as mere masses of cancer cells, advanced cancer research focuses on the complex contributions of tumour-associated host cells that are known as "tumour microenvironment" (TME). It has been long appreciated that the tumour stroma, composed mainly of blood vessels, cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells, together with the extracellular matrix (ECM), define the tumour architecture and influence cancer cell properties. Besides soluble cues, that mediate the crosstalk between tumour and stroma cells, cell adhesion to ECM arises as a crucial determinant in cancer progression. In this review, we discuss how adhesome, the intracellular protein network formed at cell adhesions, regulate the TME and control malignancy. The role of adhesome extends beyond the physical attachment of cells to ECM and the regulation of cytoskeletal remodelling and acts as a signalling and mechanosensing hub, orchestrating cellular responses that shape the tumour milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vassiliki Kostourou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Bioinnovation, 34 Fleming Str., 16672 Vari-Athens, Greece; (P.A.N.); (M.A.K.)
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12
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Lu Y, Sun H. Progress in the Development of Small Molecular Inhibitors of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK). J Med Chem 2020; 63:14382-14403. [PMID: 33058670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a nonreceptor intracellular tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in cancer cell adhesion, survival, proliferation, and migration through both its enzymatic activities and scaffolding functions. Overexpression of FAK has been found in many human cancer cells from different origins, which promotes tumor progression and influences clinical outcomes in different classes of human tumors. Therefore, FAK has been considered as a promising target for small molecule anticancer drug development. Many FAK inhibitors targeting different domains of FAK with various mechanisms of functions have been reported, including kinase domain inhibitors, FERM domain inhibitors, and FAT domain inhibitors. In addition, FAK-targeting PROTACs, which can induce the degradation of FAK, have also been developed. In this Perspective, we summarized the progress in the development of small molecular FAK inhibitors and proposed the perspectives for the future development of agents targeting FAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Haiying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
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13
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Targeted MEK inhibition by cobimetinib enhances doxorubicin's efficacy in osteosarcoma models. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:622-628. [PMID: 32736683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The limited effectiveness and high toxicity of current treatments in osteosarcoma necessitate new therapeutic strategy. Cobimetinib is a FDA-approved MEK inhibitor and is clinically used in combination with standard of care to treat melanomas. Here, we report that targeted MEK inhibition by cobimetinib enhances doxorubicin's efficacy in osteosarcoma models. We found that cobimetinib potently inhibited growth and survival of osteosarcoma cells. We revealed that cobimetinib had anti-metastasis activity as it inhibited osteosarcoma cell migration. Notably, the effective concentrations of cobimetinib are clinically achievable. We further found that cells with the most sensitivity had highest p-ERK and cells with the least sensitivity had lowest p-ERK, suggesting the possible correlation of ERK activation with cobimetinib sensitivity in osteosarcoma. We further confirmed that inhibition of MEK/ERK signaling pathway is the mechanism of cobimetinib's action in osteosarcoma, leading to inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and anti-apoptotic pathway, as well as activation of pro-apoptotic pathway. Using xenograft mice model, we found that cobimetinib at the tolerable dose significantly inhibited osteosarcoma formation and growth. In addition, the combination of cobimetinib and doxorubicin at sublethal dose completely arrested tumor growth without further progression. The ability of cobimetinib in enhancing doxorubicin's efficacy in osteosarcoma models makes cobimetinib as a useful addition to the treatment armamentarium for osteosarcoma. Our findings also emphasize the therapeutic value of MEK/ERK pathway to improve the clinical management of osteosarcoma.
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14
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Discovery of 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridine derivatives as potent FAK inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104092. [PMID: 32707280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is an intracellular non-receptor tyrosine kinase responsible for development of various tumor types. Aiming to explore new potent inhibitors, two series of 2,4-disubstituted-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized on the base of structure-based design strategy. Biological evaluation indicated that most of these new compounds could potently inhibit FAK kinase, leading to the promising inhibitors against the proliferation of U-87MG, A-549, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. Among them, the optimized compound 18h potently inhibited the enzyme (IC50 = 19.1 nM) and displayed stronger potency than TAE-226 in U-87MG, A-549 and MDA-MB-231 cells, with IC50 values of 0.35, 0.24, and 0.34 μM, respectively. Compound 18h is a multi-target kinase inhibitor. Furthermore, compound 18h also exhibited relatively less cytotoxicity (IC50 = 3.72 μM) toward a normal human cell line, HK2. According to the flow cytometry and wound healing assay results, compound 18h effectively induced apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest of MDA-MB-231 cells and suppressed the migration of U-87MG, A-549 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The docking study of compound 18h was performed to elucidate its possible binding modes and to provide a structural basis for the further structural guidance design of FAK inhibitors. Collectively, these data support the further development of compound 18h as a lead compound for FAK-targeted anticancer drug discovery.
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15
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Nagai T, Ishida C, Nakamura T, Iwase A, Mori M, Murase T, Bayasula, Osuka S, Takikawa S, Goto M, Kotani T, Kikkawa F. Focal Adhesion Kinase-Mediated Sequences, Including Cell Adhesion, Inflammatory Response, and Fibrosis, as a Therapeutic Target in Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1400-1410. [PMID: 32329031 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis has several distinguishing features in the ectopic endometrium, including chronic inflammation and fibrosis. According to the retrograde menstruation theory, endometriotic cells are derived from eutopic endometrial cells, and adhesion of endometrial cells to the extracellular matrix can be the initial step in the development of endometriosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that cell adhesion, which mediates a sequence of events in the development of endometriosis triggering inflammatory responses and tissue fibrosis could be a possible therapeutic target for endometriosis. We found co-upregulation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the endometriotic tissues compared with that in the normal endometrium. MCP-1 secretion was significantly higher in the endometriotic stromal cells than in the eutopic endometrial stromal cells. Furthermore, co-culture of U937 cells and endometriotic stromal cells upregulated secretion of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). A FAK inhibitor significantly inhibited the secretion of MCP-1 in the endometriotic stromal cells and TGF-β1 in the co-culture with macrophages. FAK inhibitor treatment in the murine endometriosis model demonstrated a decrease in the formation of endometriotic lesions as well as the expression of MCP-1 and TGF-β1. Our results suggest that the FAK-mediated sequential development of endometriosis, including inflammatory response and tissue fibrosis, can be a new therapeutic target in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nagai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Chiharu Ishida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Akira Iwase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiko Mori
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Murase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Bayasula
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Satoko Osuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.,Department of Maternal and Perinatal Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Sachiko Takikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Maki Goto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kotani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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16
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Zacharopoulou N, Kallergi G, Alkahtani S, Tsapara A, Alarifi S, Schmid E, Sukkar B, Kampranis S, Lang F, Stournaras C. The histone demethylase KDM2B activates FAK and PI3K that control tumor cell motility. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:533-540. [PMID: 32175798 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1736481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that the histone demethylase KDM2B regulates the epithelial markers E-Cadherin and ZO-1, the RhoA/B/C-small-GTPases and actin cytoskeleton organization, in DU-145 prostate- and HCT-116 colon-tumor cells. Here we addressed the role of KDM2B in the activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK)-signaling and its involvement in regulating tumor cell motility. We used RT-PCR for gene transcriptional analysis, Western blotting for the assessment of protein expression and activity and wound-healing assay for the study of cell migration. KDM2B overexpression or silencing controls the activity of FAK in DU-145 prostate- and HCT-116 colon-tumor cells without affecting gene transcription and protein expression of this kinase. Upon KDM2B overexpression in DU-145 cells, significantly enhanced migration was observed, which was abolished in cells pretreated by the specific phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3 K) inhibitor LY294002, implying involvement of FAK/PI3 K signaling in the migration process. In line with this, the p85-PI3 K-subunit was downregulated upon knockdown of KDM2B in DU-145 cells, while the opposite effect became evident in KDM2B-overexpressing cells. These results revealed a novel functional role of KDM2B in regulating the activation of the FAK/PI3 K signaling in prostate cancer cells that participates in the control of cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefeli Zacharopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece.,Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Galatea Kallergi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece.,Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anna Tsapara
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece.,Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Evi Schmid
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Basma Sukkar
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sotirios Kampranis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christos Stournaras
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece
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17
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Huang HK, Lin YH, Chang HA, Lai YS, Chen YC, Huang SC, Chou CY, Chiu WT. Chemoresistant ovarian cancer enhances its migration abilities by increasing store-operated Ca 2+ entry-mediated turnover of focal adhesions. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:36. [PMID: 32079527 PMCID: PMC7033940 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among gynecological cancers, ovarian carcinoma has the highest mortality rate, and chemoresistance is highly prevalent in this cancer. Therefore, novel strategies are required to improve its poor prognosis. Formation and disassembly of focal adhesions are regulated dynamically during cell migration, which plays an essential role in cancer metastasis. Metastasis is intricately linked with resistance to chemotherapy, but the molecular basis for this link is unknown. Methods Transwell migration and wound healing migration assays were used to analyze the migration ability of ovarian cancer cells. Real-time recordings by total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRFM) were performed to assess the turnover of focal adhesions with fluorescence protein-tagged focal adhesion molecules. SOCE inhibitors were used to verify the effects of SOCE on focal adhesion dynamics, cell migration, and chemoresistance in chemoresistant cells. Results We found that mesenchymal-like chemoresistant IGROV1 ovarian cancer cells have higher migration properties because of their rapid regulation of focal adhesion dynamics through FAK, paxillin, vinculin, and talin. Focal adhesions in chemoresistant cells, they were smaller and exhibited strong adhesive force, which caused the cells to migrate rapidly. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) regulates focal adhesion turnover, and cell polarization and migration. Herein, we compared SOCE upregulation in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells to its parental cells. SOCE inhibitors attenuated the assembly and disassembly of focal adhesions significantly. Results of wound healing and transwell assays revealed that SOCE inhibitors decreased chemoresistant cell migration. Additionally, SOCE inhibitors combined with chemotherapeutic drugs could reverse ovarian cancer drug resistance. Conclusion Our findings describe the role of SOCE in chemoresistance-mediated focal adhesion turnover, cell migration, and viability. Consequently, SOCE might be a promising therapeutic target in epithelial ovarian cancer. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Kai Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Ai Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shyun Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Soon-Cen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying Campus, Tainan, 736, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Chou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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18
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Sun CC, Feng LJ, Sun XH, Yu RL, Chu YY, Kang CM. Study on the interactions of pyrimidine derivatives with FAK by 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02136a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a kind of tyrosine kinase that modulates integrin and growth factor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-ce Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Li-jun Feng
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Xiao-hua Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Ri-lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Chinese Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| | - Yan-yan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Chinese Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| | - Cong-min Kang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
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19
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Wang R, Chen Y, Zhao X, Yu S, Yang B, Wu T, Guo J, Hao C, Zhao D, Cheng M. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potential FAK inhibitors and anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111716. [PMID: 31550660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives possessing a dimethylphosphine oxide moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated as novel Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitors. Most compounds potently suppressed the enzymatic activities of FAK, with IC50 values in the 10-8-10-9 M range, and potently inhibited the proliferation of breast (MDA-MB-231) and lung (A549) cancer cell lines. The representative compound 25b exhibited potent enzyme inhibition (IC50 = 5.4 nM) and good selectivity when tested on a panel of 26 kinases. 25b exhibited antiproliferative activity against A549 cells (IC50 = 3.2 μM) and relatively less cytotoxicity to a normal human cell line HK2. Compound 25b also induced apoptosis and suppressed the migration of A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Further profiling of compound 25b revealed it had good metabolic stability in mouse, rat and human liver microsomes in vitro and showed weak inhibitory activity against various subtypes of human cytochrome P450. The docking study of compound 25b was performed to elucidate its possible binding modes and to provide a structural basis for further structure-guided design of FAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China; The School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiangxin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Sijia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Tianxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chenzhou Hao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
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20
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Jiang H, Yang XY, Zhu WJ. Networks of E-cadherin, β1 integrin, and focal adhesion kinase in the pathogenesis of tubal pregnancy. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:346-350. [PMID: 30430889 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1528578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin, β1 integrin, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) are reported to involved in eutopic implantation by mediating cell adhesion. However, less is documented about their roles in ectopic implantation. This study was undertaken to evaluate the roles and networks of E-cadherin, β1 integrin, and FAK in tubal pregnancy. A total of 31 Fallopian tube specimens were obtained from tubal pregnant women. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to analyze the distributions and levels of E-cadherin, β1 integrin and phosphorylated-FAK (Pho-FAK) in the Fallopian tube epithelium. Normal Fallopian tube samples derived from non-pregnant women with benign genital diseases were used for comparison. E-cadherin presented in the cytomembrane of tubal epithelial cells and β1 integrin mainly expressed in the cytoplasm. A lowest-level of E-cadherin was detected in the implantation site (0.63 ± 0.29) when compared with the non-implantation site (0.95 ± 0.37) and the controls (0.89 ± 0.33) (P < 0.05). β1 integrin, as well as Pho-FAK in the implantation site (0.81 ± 0.35; 0.72 ± 0.24), showed a higher-level than that in the non-implantation site (0.59 ± 0.26; 0.48 ± 0.27) or the control group (0.38 ± 0.19; 0.36 ± 0.25) (p < .05). The decreased E-cadherin and increased β1 integrin are implicated in tubal pregnancy. The involvement of β1 integrin maybe depends on β1 integrin/FAK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Jiang
- a Department of Reproductive Endocrinology , Longgang District Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital , Shenzhen , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yi Yang
- b Institute of Reproductive Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jie Zhu
- b Institute of Reproductive Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
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21
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Tata P, Gondaliya P, Sunkaria A, Srivastava A, Kalia K. Modulation of CD44, EGFR and RAC Pathway Genes (WAVE Complex) in Epithelial Cancers. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:833-848. [PMID: 30799784 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190222143044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer hallmarks help in understanding the diversity of various neoplasms. Epithelial cancers play an immense role in the tumor biology through Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) process. Receptor tyrosine kinase, as well as phosphatidyl ionositol-3 kinase pathways, play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation during EMT. Till date, numerous studies have shown modulation in the expression profile of potential targets like CD44, EGFR, and Rac in epithelial cancers. CD44 interacts with EGFR and recruits other molecules which further activate the Rac pathway intermediates. This review mainly focused on modulation of genes like CD44, EGFR, and Rac pathway intermediates which play a crucial role in the tumor progression, metastasis, proliferation, and invasion characteristics in epithelial cancers with EMT properties. Hence, targeting Rac pathway might be a more strategically relevant approach in treating epithelial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranathi Tata
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Piyush Gondaliya
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Aditya Sunkaria
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Akshay Srivastava
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
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22
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Kassab AE, Hassan RA. Novel benzotriazole N-acylarylhydrazone hybrids: Design, synthesis, anticancer activity, effects on cell cycle profile, caspase-3 mediated apoptosis and FAK inhibition. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:531-544. [PMID: 30014921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel benzotriazole N-acylarylhydrazone hybrids was synthesized according fragment-based design strategy. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity against 60 human tumor cell lines by NCI (USA). Five compounds: 3d, 3e, 3f, 3o and 3q exhibited significant to potent anticancer activity at low concentrations. Compound 3q showed the most prominent broad-spectrum anticancer activity against 34 tumor cell lines, with mean growth inhibition percent of 45.80%. It exerted the highest potency against colon HT-29 cell line, with cell growth inhibition 86.86%. All leukemia cell lines were highly sensitive to compound 3q. Additionally, compound 3q demonstrated lethal activity to MDA-MB-435 belonging melanoma. Compound 3e exhibited the highest anticancer activity against leukemic CCRF-CEM and HL-60(TB) cell lines, with cell growth inhibition 86.69% and 86.42%, respectively. Moreover, it exerted marked potency against ovarian OVCAR-3 cancer cell line, with cell growth inhibition 78.24%. Four compounds: 3d, 3e, 3f and 3q were further studied through determination of IC50 values against the most sensitive cancer cell lines. The four compounds exhibited highly potent anticancer activity against ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 and leukemia HL-60 (TB) cell lines, with IC50 values in nano-molar range between 25 and 130 nM. They showed 18-2.3 folds more potent anticancer activity than doxorubicin. The most prominent compound was 3e, (IC50 values 29 and 25 nM against OVCAR-3 and HL-60 (TB) cell lines, respectively), representing 10 and 18 folds more potency than doxorubicin. The anti-proliferative activity of these four compounds appeared to correlate well with their ability to inhibit FAK at nano-molar range between 44.6 and 80.75 nM. Compound 3e was a potent, inhibitor of FAK and Pyk2 activity with IC50 values of 44.6 and 70.19 nM, respectively. It was 1.6 fold less potent for Pyk2 than FAK. Additionally, it displayed inhibition in cell based assay measuring phosphorylated-FAK (IC50 = 32.72 nM). Inhibition of FAK enzyme led to a significant increase in the level of active caspase-3, compared to control (11.35 folds), accumulation of cells in pre-G1 phase and annexin-V and propidium iodide staining in addition to cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase indicating that cell death proceeded through an apoptotic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa E Kassab
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Rasha A Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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23
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Delgado-Bellido D, Fernández-Cortés M, Rodríguez MI, Serrano-Sáenz S, Carracedo A, Garcia-Diaz A, Oliver FJ. VE-cadherin promotes vasculogenic mimicry by modulating kaiso-dependent gene expression. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:348-361. [PMID: 29786069 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant extra-vascular expression of VE-cadherin (VEC) has been observed in metastasis associated with vasculogenic mimicry (VM); however, the ultimate reason why non-endothelial VEC favors the acquisition of this phenotype is not established. In this study, we show that human malignant melanoma cells have a constitutively high expression of phoshoVEC (pVEC) at Y658; pVEC is a target of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and forms a complex with p120-catenin and the transcriptional repressor kaiso in the nucleus. FAK inhibition enabled kaiso to suppress the expression of its target genes and enhanced kaiso recruitment to KBS-containing promoters. Finally we have found that ablation of kaiso-repressed genes WNT11 and CCDN1 abolished VM. Thus, identification of pVEC as a component of the kaiso transcriptional complex establishes a molecular paradigm that links FAK-dependent phosphorylation of VEC as a major mechanism by which ectopical VEC expression exerts its function in VM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Delgado-Bellido
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Fernández-Cortés
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Rodríguez
- Centro Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía de Genómica e Investigación, Oncológica (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago Serrano-Sáenz
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Spain
| | - Angel Garcia-Diaz
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
| | - F Javier Oliver
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain. .,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Latif M, Ashraf Z, Basit S, Ghaffar A, Zafar MS, Saeed A, Meo SA. Latest perspectives of orally bioavailable 2,4-diarylaminopyrimidine analogues (DAAPalogues) as anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors: discovery and clinical developments. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16470-16493. [PMID: 35540549 PMCID: PMC9080316 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01934g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The course of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy has improved impressively. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved crizotinib (Xalkori, Pfizer) as a first-in-class tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that demonstrated a substantial objective response rate (ORR) and remarkable progression-free survival (PFS). However, acquired resistance to crizotinib is still a major concern especially as the central nervous system (CNS) remains the most common sites of relapse. To combat disease resistance, limited PFS and poor CNS exposure exhibited by crizotinib (Xalkori, Pfizer) led to the discovery of numerous next generation ALK-TKIs and surprisingly most of them are 2,4-Diarylaminopyrimidine Analogues (DAAPalogues). To date, DAAPalogues have been investigated extensively to display their superior potency against numerous kinase targets especially ALK/ROS1. This review describes hit-to-drug evolution strategies, activity spectra, milestones related to medicinal chemistry discovery efforts and scalable synthetic pathways of clinically emerging DAAPalouges which are either progressing as investigational or preclinical candidates. In addition, the significance of DAAPalogues to treat the patients with ALK+-NSCLC in clinical settings has been detailed. This review is beneficial for medicinal chemists and researchers contributing to discovering ALK-TKIs to overcome existing issues related to DAAPalouges in the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Latif
- College of Medicine, Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (CGID), Taibah University Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
| | - Sulman Basit
- College of Medicine, Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (CGID), Taibah University Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sultan Ayoub Meo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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25
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Hong J, Fristiohady A, Nguyen CH, Milovanovic D, Huttary N, Krieger S, Hong J, Geleff S, Birner P, Jäger W, Özmen A, Krenn L, Krupitza G. Apigenin and Luteolin Attenuate the Breaching of MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Spheroids Through the Lymph Endothelial Barrier in Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:220. [PMID: 29593542 PMCID: PMC5861143 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, present in fruits, vegetables and traditional medicinal plants, show anticancer effects in experimental systems and are reportedly non-toxic. This is a favorable property for long term strategies for the attenuation of lymph node metastasis, which may effectively improve the prognostic states in breast cancer. Hence, we studied two flavonoids, apigenin and luteolin exhibiting strong bio-activity in various test systems in cancer research and are readily available on the market. This study has further advanced the mechanistic understanding of breast cancer intravasation through the lymphatic barrier. Apigenin and luteolin were tested in a three-dimensional (3-D) assay consisting of MDA-MB231 breast cancer spheroids and immortalized lymph endothelial cell (LEC) monolayers. The 3-D model faithfully resembles the intravasation of breast cancer emboli through the lymphatic vasculature. Western blot analysis, intracellular Ca2+ determination, EROD assay and siRNA transfection revealed insights into mechanisms of intravasation as well as the anti-intravasative outcome of flavonoid action. Both flavonoids suppressed pro-intravasative trigger factors in MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells, specifically MMP1 expression and CYP1A1 activity. A pro-intravasative contribution of FAK expression in LECs was established as FAK supported the retraction of the LEC monolayer upon contact with cancer cells thereby enabling them to cross the endothelial barrier. As mechanistic basis, MMP1 caused the phosphorylation (activation) of FAK at Tyr397 in LECs. Apigenin and luteolin prevented MMP1-induced FAK activation, but not constitutive FAK phosphorylation. Luteolin, unlike apigenin, inhibited MMP1-induced Ca2+ release. Free intracellular Ca2+ is a central signal amplifier triggering LEC retraction through activation of the mobility protein MLC2, thereby enhancing intravasation. FAK activity and Ca2+ levels did not correlate. This implicates that the pro-intravasative contribution of FAK and of Ca2+ release in LECs was independent of each other and explains the better anti-intravasative effects of luteolin in vitro. In specific formulations, flavonoid concentrations causing significant anti-intravasative effects, can certainly be achieved in vivo. As the therapeutic strategy has to be based on permanent flavonoid treatment both the beneficial and adverse effects have to be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Hong
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adryan Fristiohady
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department for Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia
| | - Chi H Nguyen
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department for Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Milovanovic
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Huttary
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigurd Krieger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Junqiang Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The 188th Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Chaozhou, China
| | - Silvana Geleff
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Birner
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Jäger
- Department for Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ali Özmen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Liselotte Krenn
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Krupitza
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Lv PC, Jiang AQ, Zhang WM, Zhu HL. FAK inhibitors in Cancer, a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 28:139-145. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1414183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing P. R. China
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plant, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Qin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing P. R. China
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plant, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing P. R. China
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plant, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing P. R. China
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plant, Nanjing, P. R. China
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27
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Mishall KM, Beadnell TC, Kuenzi BM, Klimczak DM, Superti-Furga G, Rix U, Schweppe RE. Sustained activation of the AKT/mTOR and MAP kinase pathways mediate resistance to the Src inhibitor, dasatinib, in thyroid cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103014-103031. [PMID: 29262541 PMCID: PMC5732707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
New targeted therapies are needed for advanced thyroid cancer. Our lab has shown that Src is a key mediator of tumorigenic processes in thyroid cancer. However, single-agent Src inhibitors have had limited efficacy in solid tumors. In order to more effectively target Src in the clinic, our lab has previously generated four thyroid cancer cell lines that are resistant to dasatinib through gradual dose escalation. We further tested two additional Src inhibitors and shown the dasatinib-resistant (DasRes) cells exhibit cross-resistance to saracatinib, but are sensitive to bosutinib, suggesting that unique off-targets of bosutinib play an important role in mediating sensitivity to bosutinib. To identify the kinases targeted by dasatinib and bosutinib, we utilized an unbiased compound centric chemical proteomics screen. We identified 33 kinases that were enriched in the bosutinib pull down. Using the STRING database to map protein-protein interactions of the unique bosutinib targets, we identified a signaling axis which included mTOR, FAK, and MEK. Inhibition of the mTOR, MEK, and Src/FAK nodes simultaneously was the most effective at reducing cell growth and survival. Overall, these studies have identified key mediators of Src inhibitor resistance, and show that targeting these signaling nodes are necessary for anti-tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. Mishall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas C. Beadnell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brent M. Kuenzi
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Dorothy M. Klimczak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Rebecca E. Schweppe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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28
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Liu Y, Zou X, Sun G, Bao Y. Codonopsis lanceolata polysaccharide CLPS inhibits melanoma metastasis via regulating integrin signaling. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:435-440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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29
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Sadhu SS, Wang S, Dachineni R, Averineni RK, Seefeldt T, Xie J, Tummala H, Bhat GJ, Guan X. In Vitro and In Vivo Antimetastatic Effect of Glutathione Disulfide Liposomes. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2017; 10:1179064417695255. [PMID: 28469471 PMCID: PMC5345945 DOI: 10.1177/1179064417695255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer mortality. Despite extensive research efforts, effective treatment for cancer metastasis is still lacking. Cancer metastasis involves 4 essential steps: cell detachment, migration, invasion, and adhesion. Detachment is the first and required step for metastasis. Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) is derived from the oxidation of glutathione (GSH), which is present in biological systems in millimolar concentration. Although GSSG is commercially available, the impact of GSSG on cell functions/dysfunctions has not been fully explored due to the fact that GSSG is not cell membrane permeable and a lack of method to specifically increase GSSG in cells. We have developed GSSG liposomes that effectively deliver GSSG to cells. Unexpectedly, cells treated with GSSG liposomes were resistant to detachment by trypsinization. This observation led to the investigation of the antimetastatic effect of GSSG liposomes. Our data demonstrate that GSSG liposomes at 1 mg/mL completely blocked cell detachment and migration, and significantly inhibited cancer cell invasion. Aqueous GSSG showed no such effect, confirming that the effects on cell detachment, migration, and invasion were caused by the intracellular delivery of GSSG. An in vivo experiment with a murine melanoma experimental metastasis model showed that GSSG liposomes prevented melanoma lung metastasis. The unique antimetastatic mechanism through the effects on detachment and migration, and effective in vitro and in vivo metastasis inhibition, warrants further investigation of the GSSG liposomes as a potential treatment for cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya S Sadhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Shenggang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Rakesh Dachineni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | | | - Teresa Seefeldt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Jiashu Xie
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hemachand Tummala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - G Jayarama Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Xiangming Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
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30
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Ma K, Fu W, Tang M, Zhang C, Hou T, Li R, Lu X, Wang Y, Zhou J, Li X, Zhang L, Wang L, Zhao Y, Zhu WG. PTK2-mediated degradation of ATG3 impedes cancer cells susceptible to DNA damage treatment. Autophagy 2017; 13:579-591. [PMID: 28103122 PMCID: PMC5361600 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1272742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ATG3 (autophagy-related 3) is an E2-like enzyme essential for autophagy; however, it is unknown whether it has an autophagy-independent function. Here, we report that ATG3 is a relatively stable protein in unstressed cells, but it is degraded in response to DNA-damaging agents such as etoposide or cisplatin. With mass spectrometry and a mutagenesis assay, phosphorylation of tyrosine 203 of ATG3 was identified to be a critical modification for its degradation, which was further confirmed by manipulating ATG3Y203E (phosphorylation mimic) or ATG3Y203F (phosphorylation-incompetent) in Atg3 knockout MEFs. In addition, by using a generated phospho-specific antibody we showed that phosphorylation of Y203 significantly increased upon etoposide treatment. With a specific inhibitor or siRNA, PTK2 (protein tyrosine kinase 2) was confirmed to catalyze the phosphorylation of ATG3 at Y203. Furthermore, a newly identified function of ATG3 was recognized to be associated with the promotion of DNA damage-induced mitotic catastrophe, in which ATG3 interferes with the function of BAG3, a crucial protein in the mitotic process, by binding. Finally, PTK2 inhibition-induced sustained levels of ATG3 were able to sensitize cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents. Our findings strengthen the notion that targeting PTK2 in combination with DNA-damaging agents is a novel strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chaohua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Peking-Tsinghua University Center for Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
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31
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Bupleurum chinense polysaccharide inhibit adhesion of human melanoma cells via blocking β1 integrin function. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 156:244-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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32
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Ren K, Lu X, Yao N, Chen Y, Yang A, Chen H, Zhang J, Wu S, Shi X, Wang C, Sun X. Focal adhesion kinase overexpression and its impact on human osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31085-103. [PMID: 26393679 PMCID: PMC4741590 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) has been implicated in tumorigenesis in various malignancies. We sought to examine the expression patterns of FAK and the activated form, phosphorylated FAK (pFAK), in human osteosarcoma and to investigate the correlation of FAK expression with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis. In addition, the functional consequence of manipulating the FAK protein level was investigated in human osteosarcoma cell lines. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect FAK and pFAK in pathologic archived materials from 113 patients with primary osteosarcoma. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognoses. The role of FAK in the cytological behavior of MG63 and 143B human osteosarcoma cell lines was studied via FAK protein knock down with siRNA. Cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness and apoptosis were assessed using the CCK8, Transwell and Annexin V/PI staining methods. Both FAK and pFAK were overexpressed in osteosarcoma. There were significant differences in overall survival between the FAK-/pFAK- and FAK+/pFAK- groups (P = 0.016), the FAK+/pFAK- and FAK+/pFAK+ groups (P = 0.012) and the FAK-/pFAK- and FAK+/pFAK+ groups (P < 0.001). There were similar differences in metastasis-free survival between groups. The Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that the FAK expression profile was an independent indicator of both overall and metastasis-free survival. SiRNA-based knockdown of FAK not only dramatically reduced the migration and invasion of MG63 and 143B cells, but also had a distinct effect on osteosarcoma cell proliferation and apoptosis. These results collectively suggest that FAK overexpression and phosphorylation might predict more aggressive biologic behavior in osteosarcoma and may be an independent predictor of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Center Laboratory of Cancer Center, The Jingdu Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
| | - Nan Yao
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
| | - Yong Chen
- Jinling Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
| | - Aizhen Yang
- Center Laboratory of Cancer Center, The Jingdu Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
| | - Sujia Wu
- Jinling Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
| | - Xin Shi
- Jinling Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
| | - Xiaoliang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, P.R.China
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33
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Ott GR, Cheng M, Learn KS, Wagner J, Gingrich DE, Lisko JG, Curry M, Mesaros EF, Ghose AK, Quail MR, Wan W, Lu L, Dobrzanski P, Albom MS, Angeles TS, Wells-Knecht K, Huang Z, Aimone LD, Bruckheimer E, Anderson N, Friedman J, Fernandez SV, Ator MA, Ruggeri BA, Dorsey BD. Discovery of Clinical Candidate CEP-37440, a Selective Inhibitor of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK). J Med Chem 2016; 59:7478-96. [PMID: 27527804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Analogues structurally related to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor 1 were optimized for metabolic stability. The results from this endeavor not only led to improved metabolic stability, pharmacokinetic parameters, and in vitro activity against clinically derived resistance mutations but also led to the incorporation of activity for focal adhesion kinase (FAK). FAK activation, via amplification and/or overexpression, is characteristic of multiple invasive solid tumors and metastasis. The discovery of the clinical stage, dual FAK/ALK inhibitor 27b, including details surrounding SAR, in vitro/in vivo pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics, is reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Ott
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Mangeng Cheng
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Keith S Learn
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Jason Wagner
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Diane E Gingrich
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Joseph G Lisko
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Matthew Curry
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Eugen F Mesaros
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Arup K Ghose
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Matthew R Quail
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Weihua Wan
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Lihui Lu
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Pawel Dobrzanski
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Mark S Albom
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Thelma S Angeles
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Kevin Wells-Knecht
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Zeqi Huang
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Lisa D Aimone
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Elizabeth Bruckheimer
- Champions Oncology, Inc. , One University Plaza, Suite 307, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601, United States
| | - Nathan Anderson
- Champions Oncology, Inc. , One University Plaza, Suite 307, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601, United States
| | - Jay Friedman
- Champions Oncology, Inc. , One University Plaza, Suite 307, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601, United States
| | - Sandra V Fernandez
- Thomas Jefferson University , 233 South 10th Street, 1002 BLSB, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, United States
| | - Mark A Ator
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Bruce A Ruggeri
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Bruce D Dorsey
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D , 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
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Shimizu T, Fukuoka K, Takeda M, Iwasa T, Yoshida T, Horobin J, Keegan M, Vaickus L, Chavan A, Padval M, Nakagawa K. A first-in-Asian phase 1 study to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics and clinical activity of VS-6063, a focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 77:997-1003. [PMID: 27025608 PMCID: PMC4844649 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
VS-6063 (also known as defactinib or PF-04554878) is a second-generation inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase and proline-rich tyrosine kinase-2. This phase 1 study evaluated the safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and clinical activity of VS-6063 in Japanese subjects with advanced solid tumor malignancies in a first-in-Asian study setting. Methods VS-6063 was administered orally twice daily (b.i.d.) in 21-day cycles to cohorts of three subjects each with a standard 3 + 3 dose-escalation design until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Blood samples for pharmacokinetics were collected on Day 1 and 15. The assessments were performed using CTCAE v4.0 for adverse events (AEs), and the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors, version v1.1 (RECIST v1.1) for tumor response. Results Nine patients were treated across three dose levels (200–600 mg BID). No dose-limiting toxicities were observed at any dose level. Most frequent treatment-related AEs were Grade 1/2 unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, fatigue, decreased appetite, and diarrhea. Only one subject in the 200 mg BID cohort experienced reversible and transient Grade 3 unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. PK analyses confirmed that the exposure at the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of 400 mg BID was comparable with exposures previously reported in non-Japanese subjects. Durable stable disease of approximately 24 weeks was confirmed in two subjects (malignant mesothelioma and rectal cancer). Conclusions VS-6063 was well tolerated at all dose levels investigated in this first-in-Asian study. These data support the administration of VS-6063 to Japanese subjects at the RP2D in clinical trials involving solid tumor malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Shimizu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, 5898511, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Fukuoka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, 5898511, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, 5898511, Japan
| | - Tutomu Iwasa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, 5898511, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, 5898511, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kazuhiko Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, 5898511, Japan
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Gasparics Á, Rosivall L, Krizbai IA, Sebe A. When the endothelium scores an own goal: endothelial cells actively augment metastatic extravasation through endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1055-63. [PMID: 26993222 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00042.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is an important mechanism during organ development and in certain pathological conditions. For example, EndMT contributes to myofibroblast formation during organ fibrosis, and it has been identified as an important source of cancer-associated fibroblasts, facilitating tumor progression. Recently, EndMT was proposed to modulate endothelial function during intravasation and extravasation of metastatic tumor cells. Evidence suggests that endothelial cells are not passive actors during transendothelial migration (TEM) of cancer cells, as there are profound changes in endothelial junctional protein expression, signaling, permeability, and contractility. This review describes these alterations in endothelial characteristics during TEM of metastatic tumor cells and discusses them in the context of EndMT. EndMT could play an important role during metastatic intravasation and extravasation, a novel hypothesis that may lead to new therapeutic approaches to tackle metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Gasparics
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Rosivall
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania; and
| | - Attila Sebe
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany
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Yu X, Li T, Xia Y, Lei J, Wang Y, Zhang L. Herpes simplex virus type 1 VP22-mediated intercellular delivery of PTEN increases the antitumor activity of PTEN in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3034-40. [PMID: 27004535 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, studies have revealed that the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein, a tumor suppressor, comprises a potential biological marker and therapeutic target for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). As such, the delivery of the PTEN gene represents a powerful strategy for ESCC therapy. The tegument protein VP22 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been reported to act as a transporter of heterologous proteins across the host cell membrane, thereby enhancing the biological functions of these proteins. In the present study, the intercellular delivery and antitumor activity of the fusion protein PTEN-VP22 were examined in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line Eca109 both in vitro and in vivo. VP22-mediated PTEN intercellular delivery was confirmed in the Eca109 cells by western blot analysis and by quantitation of immunofluorescence. VP22 alone did not exert antiproliferative effects or induce cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, blockage of the Akt and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathways, tumor growth inhibition, or antiangiogenic effects in Eca109 cells. However, compared with PTEN alone, PTEN-VP22 exerted significantly higher antiproliferative effects and induced cell cycle arrest at G1 stage, apoptosis and antiangiogenic effects in Eca109 cells. Together, our findings demonstrate that VP22 alone does not exert antitumor activity directly; however, this protein mediates the intercellular delivery of PTEN and thereby increases its intracellular concentration to achieve a therapeutic steady state, leading to an overall increase in the antitumor activity of PTEN. This study provides further experimental data to confirm the potential of VP22-based intercellular delivery strategies for enhancing the efficacy of gene therapy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lei
- Institute of Materia Medica, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
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37
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Howe GA, Xiao B, Zhao H, Al-Zahrani KN, Hasim MS, Villeneuve J, Sekhon HS, Goss GD, Sabourin LA, Dimitroulakos J, Addison CL. Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibitors in Combination with Erlotinib Demonstrate Enhanced Anti-Tumor Activity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150567. [PMID: 26962872 PMCID: PMC4786279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity has been a primary therapeutic target for non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). As patients with wild-type EGFR have demonstrated only modest benefit from EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), there is a need for additional therapeutic approaches in patients with wild-type EGFR. As a key component of downstream integrin signalling and known receptor cross-talk with EGFR, we hypothesized that targeting focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity, which has also been shown to correlate with aggressive stage in NSCLC, would lead to enhanced activity of EGFR TKIs. As such, EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC cells (A549, H1299, H1975) were treated with the EGFR TKI erlotinib and FAK inhibitors (PF-573,228 or PF-562,271) both as single agents and in combination. We determined cell viability, apoptosis and 3-dimensional growth in vitro and assessed tumor growth in vivo. Treatment of EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC cells with FAK inhibitor alone effectively inhibited cell viability in all cell lines tested; however, its use in combination with the EGFR TKI erlotinib was more effective at reducing cell viability than either treatment alone when tested in both 2- and 3-dimensional assays in vitro, with enhanced benefit seen in A549 cells. This increased efficacy may be due in part to the observed inhibition of Akt phosphorylation when the drugs were used in combination, where again A549 cells demonstrated the most inhibition following treatment with the drug combination. Combining erlotinib with FAK inhibitor was also potent in vivo as evidenced by reduced tumor growth in the A549 mouse xenograft model. We further ascertained that the enhanced sensitivity was irrespective of the LKB1 mutational status. In summary, we demonstrate the effectiveness of combining erlotinib and FAK inhibitors for use in known EGFR wild-type, EGFR TKI resistant cells, with the potential that a subset of cell types, which includes A549, could be particularly sensitive to this combination treatment. As such, further evaluation of this combination therapy is warranted and could prove to be an effective therapeutic approach for patients with inherent EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant A Howe
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bin Xiao
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Khalid N Al-Zahrani
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mohamed S Hasim
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - James Villeneuve
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Glenwood D Goss
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Luc A Sabourin
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jim Dimitroulakos
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christina L Addison
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Shi PJ, Xu LH, Lin KY, Weng WJ, Fang JP. Synergism between the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and FAK down-regulation in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:12. [PMID: 26892465 PMCID: PMC4757994 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive malignant disorder of lymphoid progenitor cells in both children and adults. Although improvements in contemporary therapy and development of new treatment strategies have led to dramatic increases in the cure rate in children with ALL, the relapse rate remains high and the prognosis of relapsed childhood ALL is poor. Molecularly targeted therapies have emerged as the leading treatments in cancer therapy. Multi-cytotoxic drug regimens have achieved success, yet many studies addressing targeted therapies have focused on only one single agent. In this study, we attempted to investigate whether the effect of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin is synergistic with the effect of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) down-regulation in the treatment of ALL. Methods The effect of rapamycin combined with FAK down-regulation on cell proliferation, the cell cycle, and apoptosis was investigated in the human precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells REH and on survival time and leukemia progression in a non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mouse model. Results When combined with FAK down-regulation, rapamycin-induced suppression of cell proliferation, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis were significantly enhanced. In addition, REH cell-injected NOD/SCID mice treated with rapamycin and a short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) to down-regulate FAK had significantly longer survival times and slower leukemia progression compared with mice injected with REH-empty vector cells and treated with rapamycin. Moreover, the B-cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) gene family was shown to be involved in the enhancement, by combined treatment, of REH cell apoptosis. Conclusions FAK down-regulation enhanced the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of rapamycin on REH cell growth, indicating that the simultaneous targeting of mTOR- and FAK-related pathways might offer a novel and powerful strategy for treating ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jie Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107, West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
| | - Lu-Hong Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107, West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
| | - Kang-Yu Lin
- Department of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, West Xin Gang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China.
| | - Wen-jun Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107, West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
| | - Jian-Pei Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107, West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
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A phase I study of VS-6063, a second-generation focal adhesion kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2015; 33:1100-7. [PMID: 26334219 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE VS-6063 (also known as defactinib or PF-04554878) is a second-generation inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and proline-rich tyrosine kinase-2 (Pyk2). This phase I dose-escalation study was conducted in patients with advanced solid malignancies. METHODS Using a traditional 3 + 3 design, VS-6063 was administered orally twice daily (b.i.d.) in 21-day cycles to cohorts of three to six patients. In cycle 1, a lead-in dose was administered to assess single-dose pharmacokinetics; steady-state pharmacokinetics was assessed after 15 days of continuous dosing. Dose escalation was performed in the fasted state, and repeated in two additional cohorts in the fed state. RESULTS Forty-six patients were treated across nine dose levels (12.5-750 mg b.i.d.). Dose-limiting toxicities, comprising headache (n = 1), fatigue (n = 1) and unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (n = 3), occurred at the 300- or 425-mg b.i.d. dose level and were reversible. Frequent adverse events included nausea (37 %), fatigue (33 %), vomiting (28 %), diarrhea (22 %) and headache (22 %). A maximum-tolerated dose was not defined. Dose escalation was stopped at the 750-mg b.i.d. dose due to decreased serum exposure in the 500- and 750-mg versus 300- and 425-mg groups. Food delayed the time to peak serum concentration without affecting serum drug exposure. No radiographic responses were reported. Disease stabilization at ~12 weeks occurred in six of 37 (16 %) patients receiving doses ≥100 mg b.i.d. CONCLUSIONS VS-6063 has an acceptable safety profile. Treatment-related adverse events were mild to moderate, and reversible. The recommended phase II fasting dose of VS-6063 is 425 mg b.i.d.
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40
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Cho MC, Cho SY, Yoon CY, Lee SB, Kwak C, Kim HH, Jeong H. EphA2 Is a Potential Player of Malignant Cellular Behavior in Non-Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells but Not in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130975. [PMID: 26177500 PMCID: PMC4503437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the role of EphA2 in malignant cellular behavior in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells and whether FAK/RhoA signaling can act as downstream effectors of EphA2 on RCC cells. Methods Expression of EphA2 protein in non-metastatic RCC (Caki-2 and A498), metastatic RCC cells (Caki-1 and ACHN), HEK-293 cells and prostate cancer cells (PC-3 and DU-145; positive controls of EphA2 expression) was evaluated by Western blot. Changes in mRNA or protein expression of EphA2, FAK or membrane-bound RhoA following EphA2, FAK or RhoA small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or Western blot. The effect of siRNA treatment on cellular viability, apoptosis and invasion was analyzed by cell counting kit-8, Annexin-V and modified Matrigel-Boyden assays, respectively. Results In all RCC cell lines, the expression of EphA2 protein was detectable at variable levels; however, in HEK-293 cells, EphA2 expression was very low. Treatment with EphA2 siRNA significantly reduced the expression of EphA2 mRNA and protein in all RCC cell lines. For non-metastatic RCC cells (Caki-2 and A498) but not metastatic RCC cells (Caki-1 and ACHN), cellular viability, invasiveness, resistance to apoptosis, expression of membrane-bound RhoA protein and FAK phosphorylation were significantly decreased in EphA2 siRNA-treated cells compared to the control. In non-metastatic RCC cells, FAK siRNA significantly attenuated the invasiveness, resistance to apoptosis, as well as expression of membrane-bound RhoA protein without changing protein expression of EphA2. RhoA siRNA significantly decreased the malignant cellular behavior and expression of membrane-bound RhoA protein without changing EphA2 protein expression or FAK phosphorylation. Conclusions Our data provide the first functional evidence that the EphA2/FAK/RhoA signaling pathway plays a critical role in the malignant cellular behavior of RCC and appears to be functional particularly in the early stage of malignant progression of non-metastatic RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chul Cho
- Department of Urology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Yong Cho
- Department of Urology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Yong Yoon
- Department of Urology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Bae Lee
- Department of Urology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Hoe Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong
- Department of Urology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Thanapprapasr D, Previs RA, Hu W, Ivan C, Armaiz-Pena GN, Dorniak PL, Hansen JM, Rupaimoole R, Huang J, Dalton HJ, Ali-Fehmi R, Coleman RL, Sood AK. PTEN Expression as a Predictor of Response to Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibition in Uterine Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1466-1475. [PMID: 25833835 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PTEN is known to be frequently mutated in uterine cancer and also dephosphorylates FAK. Here, we examined the impact of PTEN alterations on the response to treatment with a FAK inhibitor (GSK2256098). In vitro and in vivo therapeutic experiments were carried out using PTEN-mutated and PTEN-wild-type models of uterine cancer alone and in combination with chemotherapy. Treatment with GSK2256098 resulted in greater inhibition of pFAK(Y397) in PTEN-mutated (Ishikawa) than in PTEN-wild-type (Hec1A) cells. Ishikawa cells were more sensitive to GSK2256098 than the treated Hec1A cells. Ishikawa cells were transfected with a wild-type PTEN construct and pFAK(Y397) expression was unchanged after treatment with GSK2256098. Decreased cell viability and enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapy (paclitaxel and topotecan) in combination with GSK2256098 was observed in Ishikawa cells as compared with Hec1a cells. In the Ishikawa orthoptopic murine model, treatment with GSK2256098 resulted in lower tumor weights and fewer metastases than mice inoculated with Hec1A cells. Tumors treated with GSK2256098 had lower microvessel density (CD31), less cellular proliferation (Ki67), and higher apoptosis (TUNEL) rates in the Ishikawa model when compared with the Hec1a model. From a large cohort of evaluable patients, increased FAK and pFAK(Y397) expression levels were significantly related to poor overall survival. Moreover, PTEN levels were inversely related to pFAK(Y397) expression. These preclinical data demonstrate that PTEN-mutated uterine cancer responds better to FAK inhibition than does PTEN wild-type cancer. Therefore, PTEN could be a biomarker for predicting response to FAK-targeted therapy during clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangmani Thanapprapasr
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rebecca A Previs
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guillermo N Armaiz-Pena
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Piotr L Dorniak
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jean M Hansen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rajesha Rupaimoole
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Heather J Dalton
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rouba Ali-Fehmi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Robert L Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Salama MF, Carroll B, Adada M, Pulkoski-Gross M, Hannun YA, Obeid LM. A novel role of sphingosine kinase-1 in the invasion and angiogenesis of VHL mutant clear cell renal cell carcinoma. FASEB J 2015; 29:2803-13. [PMID: 25805832 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-270413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1), the enzyme responsible for sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) production, is overexpressed in many human solid tumors. However, its role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has not been described previously. ccRCC cases are usually associated with mutations in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) and subsequent normoxic stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). We previously showed that HIF-2α up-regulates SK1 expression during hypoxia in glioma cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that the stabilized HIF in ccRCC cells will be associated with increased SK1 expression. Here, we demonstrate that SK1 is overexpressed in 786-0 renal carcinoma cells lacking functional VHL, with concomitant high S1P levels that appear to be HIF-2α mediated. Moreover, examining the TCGA RNA seq database shows that SK1 expression was ∼2.7-fold higher in solid tumor tissue from ccRCC patients, and this was associated with less survival. Knockdown of SK1 in 786-0 ccRCC cells had no effect on cell proliferation. On the other hand, this knockdown resulted in an ∼3.5-fold decrease in invasion, less phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and an ∼2-fold decrease in angiogenesis. Moreover, S1P treatment of SK1 knockdown cells resulted in phosphorylation of FAK and invasion, and this was mediated by S1P receptor 2. These results suggest that higher SK1 and S1P levels in VHL-defective ccRCC could induce invasion in an autocrine manner and angiogenesis in a paracrine manner. Accordingly, targeting SK1 could reduce both the invasion and angiogenesis of ccRCC and therefore improve the survival rate of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Salama
- *Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - Brittany Carroll
- *Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - Mohamad Adada
- *Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - Michael Pulkoski-Gross
- *Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- *Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- *Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
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Huang W, Liu J, Feng X, Chen H, Zeng L, Huang G, Liu W, Wang L, Jia W, Chen J, Ren C. DLC-1 induces mitochondrial apoptosis and epithelial mesenchymal transition arrest in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by targeting EGFR/Akt/NF-κB pathway. Med Oncol 2015; 32:115. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Wu J, Xiao Z, Zhao X, Wu X. Revealing gene clusters associated with the development of cholangiocarcinoma, based on a time series analysis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3481-6. [PMID: 25606976 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is a rapidly lethal malignancy and currently is considered to be incurable. Biomarkers related to the development of CC remain unclear. The present study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal tissue and intrahepatic CC, as well as specific gene expression patterns that changed together with the development of CC. By using a two‑way analysis of variance test, the biomarkers that could distinguish between normal tissue and intrahepatic CC dissected from different days were identified. A k‑means cluster method was used to identify gene clusters associated with the development of CC according to their changing expression pattern. Functional enrichment analysis was used to infer the function of each of the gene sets. A time series analysis was constructed to reveal gene signatures that were associated with the development of CC based on gene expression profile changes. Genes related to CC were shown to be involved in 'mitochondrion' and 'focal adhesion'. Three interesting gene groups were identified by the k‑means cluster method. Gene clusters with a unique expression pattern are related with the development of CC. The data of this study will facilitate novel discoveries regarding the genetic study of CC by further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zhifu Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xiulei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Central Hospital of Cangzhou, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangsong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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45
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Zimmer AS, Steeg PS. Meaningful prevention of breast cancer metastasis: candidate therapeutics, preclinical validation, and clinical trial concerns. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:13-29. [PMID: 25412774 PMCID: PMC6545582 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of drugs to treat breast and other cancers proceeds through phase I dose finding, phase II efficacy, and phase III comparative studies in the metastatic setting, only then asking if metastasis can be prevented in adjuvant trials. Compounds without overt cytotoxic activity, such as those developed to inhibit metastatic colonization, will likely fail to shrink established lesions in the metastatic setting and never be tested in a metastasis prevention scenario where they were preclinically validated. We and others have proposed phase II primary and secondary metastasis prevention studies to address this need. Herein, we have asked whether preclinical metastasis prevention data agrees with the positive adjuvant setting trials. The data are limited but complimentary. We also review fundamental pathways involved in metastasis, including Src, integrins, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and fibrosis, for their clinical progress to date and potential for metastasis prevention. Issues of inadequate preclinical validation and clinical toxicity profiles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Zimmer
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,
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46
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Bikis C, Moris D, Vasileiou I, Patsouris E, Theocharis S. FAK/Src family of kinases: protective or aggravating factor for ischemia reperfusion injury in nervous system? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 19:539-49. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.990374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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47
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Swiatek-Machado K, Mieczkowski J, Ellert-Miklaszewska A, Swierk P, Fokt I, Szymanski S, Skora S, Szeja W, Grynkiewicz G, Lesyng B, Priebe W, Kaminska B. Novel small molecular inhibitors disrupt the JAK/STAT3 and FAK signaling pathways and exhibit a potent antitumor activity in glioma cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 13:657-70. [DOI: 10.4161/cbt.20083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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48
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Fu HL, Wu DP, Wang XF, Wang JG, Jiao F, Song LL, Xie H, Wen XY, Shan HS, Du YX, Zhao YP. Altered miRNA expression is associated with differentiation, invasion, and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in patients from Huaian, China. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:657-68. [PMID: 23516093 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the leading malignancy in Huaian, China. Recently, emerging studies have suggested that an aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression signature exists in ESCC. However, there is discordant information available on specific miRNA expression in patients from different regions. In this study, we identified 12 miRNAs that are differentially expressed in patients with ESCC from Huaian, China. Among these miRNAs that displayed unique miRNA expression signatures, miR-1, miR-29c, miR-100, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-143, miR-145, and miR-195 were downregulated, and miR-7, miR-21, miR-223, and miR-1246 were upregulated in cancerous tissue compared with the adjacent normal tissue. Bioinformatics analyses identified the major biological processes and signaling pathways that are targeted by these differentially expressed miRNAs. Accordingly, miR-29c, miR-100, miR-133a, and miR-133b were found to be involved in invasion and metastasis of ESCC, and miR-7 and miR-21 were found to be related to the differentiation of ESCC. Thus, our data present new evidence for the important roles of miRNAs in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Long Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the 82nd Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Huaian, 223001, China
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49
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Yao L, Li K, Peng W, Lin Q, Li S, Hu X, Zheng X, Shao Z. An aberrant spliced transcript of focal adhesion kinase is exclusively expressed in human breast cancer. J Transl Med 2014; 12:136. [PMID: 24885534 PMCID: PMC4040474 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To clarify the roles of a new aberrantly spliced transcript of FAK that lacks exon 26 (denoted -26-exon FAK) in human breast cancers. METHODS Transcripts of FAK expressed in 102 human breast tumor tissues and 52 corresponding normal tissues were analyzed by RT-PCR and DNA sequencing, as well as agarose gel electrophoresis. The cDNA of -26-exon FAK was cloned and expressed in MCF-10A cells, and then the kinase activity, cellular localization and migration capability of FAK were examined by western blotting, immunofluorescent staining and migration assays, respectively. The expression levels of FAK were analyzed by western blotting in MCF-7 cells treated with TNF-α or in MCF-10A cells upon serum deprivation. The MCF-10A cells transfected with a plasmid expressing -26-exon FAK were cultured in serum-free medium and cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The -26-exon FAK transcript was exclusively present in human breast tumor tissues and the encoded protein possessed the same kinase activity, cellular localization and cell migration-promoting ability as wild-type FAK. In MCF-7 cells treated with TNF-α, and in MCF-10A cells upon serum deprivation, the -26-exon FAK was resistant to proteolysis while wild-type FAK was largely cleaved. In addition, the -26-exon FAK, but not wild-type FAK, inhibited cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The -26-exon FAK transcript, which is exclusively expressed in human breast tumor tissues, encodes a protein that possesses the same kinase activity and biological function as the wild-type FAK, but because it is resistant to the caspase-mediated cleavage that induces the proteolysis of the wild-type form, it ultimately prevents apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiming Shao
- Department of Oncology, Breast Cancer Institute, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No,270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
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50
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Stone RL, Baggerly KA, Armaiz-Pena GN, Kang Y, Sanguino AM, Thanapprapasr D, Dalton HJ, Bottsford-Miller J, Zand B, Akbani R, Diao L, Nick AM, DeGeest K, Lopez-Berestein G, Coleman RL, Lutgendorf S, Sood AK. Focal adhesion kinase: an alternative focus for anti-angiogenesis therapy in ovarian cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:919-29. [PMID: 24755674 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation describes the clinical significance of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at the major activating tyrosine site (Y397) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells. FAK gene amplification as a mechanism for FAK overexpression and the effects of FAK tyrosine kinase inhibitor VS-6062 on tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis were examined. FAK and phospho-FAK(Y397) were quantified in tumor (FAK-T; pFAK-T) and tumor-associated endothelial (FAK-endo; pFAK-endo) cell compartments of EOCs using immunostaining and qRT-PCR. Associations between expression levels and clinical variables were evaluated. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were used to correlate FAK gene copy number and expression levels in EOC specimens. The in vitro and in vivo effects of VS-6062 were assayed in preclinical models. FAK-T and pFAK-T overexpression was significantly associated with advanced stage disease and increased microvessel density (MVD). High MVD was observed in tumors with elevated endothelial cell FAK (59%) and pFAK (44%). Survival was adversely affected by FAK-T overexpression (3.03 vs 2.06 y, P = 0.004), pFAK-T (2.83 vs 1.78 y, P<0.001), and pFAK-endo (2.33 vs 2.17 y, P = 0.005). FAK gene copy number was increased in 34% of tumors and correlated with expression levels (P<0.001). VS-6062 significantly blocked EOC and endothelial cell migration as well as endothelial cell tube formation in vitro. VS-6062 reduced mean tumor weight by 56% (P = 0.005), tumor MVD by 40% (P = 0.0001), and extraovarian metastasis (P<0.01) in orthotopic EOC mouse models. FAK may be a unique therapeutic target in EOC given the dual anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic potential of FAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Stone
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Keith A Baggerly
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Guillermo N Armaiz-Pena
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Yu Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Angela M Sanguino
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Duangmani Thanapprapasr
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Heather J Dalton
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Justin Bottsford-Miller
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Behrouz Zand
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Rehan Akbani
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Alpa M Nick
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Koen DeGeest
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Robert L Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Susan Lutgendorf
- Department of Psychology; The University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA; Department of Cancer Biology; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
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