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Li Y, Zhao P, Jiang B, Liu K, Zhang L, Wang H, Tian Y, Li K, Liu G. Modulation of the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor system in osteoporosis pathogenesis: insights and therapeutic approaches. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:860. [PMID: 37957749 PMCID: PMC10644527 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone disorder characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and deteriorated bone microarchitecture, leading to an increased risk of fractures. Vitamin D (VD), an essential nutrient for skeletal health, plays a vital role in maintaining bone homeostasis. The biological effects of VD are primarily mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a nuclear receptor that regulates the transcription of target genes involved in calcium and phosphate metabolism, bone mineralization, and bone remodeling. In this review article, we conduct a thorough literature search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases, spanning from January 2000 to September 2023. Utilizing the keywords "vitamin D," "vitamin D receptor," "osteoporosis," and "therapy," we aim to provide an exhaustive overview of the role of the VD/VDR system in osteoporosis pathogenesis, highlighting the most recent findings in this field. We explore the molecular mechanisms underlying VDR's effects on bone cells, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and discuss the impact of VDR polymorphisms on BMD and fracture risk. Additionally, we examine the interplay between VDR and other factors, such as hormonal regulation, genetic variants, and epigenetic modifications, that contribute to osteoporosis susceptibility. The therapeutic implications of targeting the VDR pathway for osteoporosis management are also discussed. By bringing together these diverse aspects, this review enhances our understanding of the VD/VDR system's critical role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and highlights its significance as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Li
- Central Laboratory, Huabei Petroleum Administration Bureau General Hospital, Huidaozhan Avenue, Renqiu City, 062552, Hebei Province, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Huabei Petroleum Administration Bureau General Hospital, Huidaozhan Avenue, Renqiu City, 062552, Hebei Province, China
| | - Biyun Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Huabei Petroleum Administration Bureau General Hospital, Huidaozhan Avenue, Renqiu City, 062552, Hebei Province, China
| | - Kangyong Liu
- Biotecnovo (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Building 12, Yard 20, Guangde Street, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Biotecnovo (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Building 12, Yard 20, Guangde Street, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- Clinical School of Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Yansheng Tian
- Central Laboratory, Huabei Petroleum Administration Bureau General Hospital, Huidaozhan Avenue, Renqiu City, 062552, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Kun Li
- No.1 Department of Orthopedics, Langfang People's Hospital, No 37, Xinhua Rd, Langfang, 065000, Heibei, China.
| | - Guoqi Liu
- Biotecnovo (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Building 12, Yard 20, Guangde Street, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, 100176, China.
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Ma HR, Cao L, Wang F, Cheng C, Jiang R, Zhou H, Xie Z, Wuermanbieke S, Qian Z. Filamin B extensively regulates transcription and alternative splicing, and is associated with apoptosis in HeLa cells. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:1536-1546. [PMID: 32323860 PMCID: PMC7108129 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional mechanisms are an important approach in the treatment of cancer, and may also be hijacked by tumor cells to help adapt to the local microenvironment. Filamin B (FLNB), an actin-binding protein that provides crucial scaffolds for cell motility and signaling, has also been identified as an RNA-binding protein. Recent studies demonstrated that FLNB might play an important role, not only in skeletal development, but also in regulating tumorigenesis; however, the effects of dysregulated expression of FLNB at the molecular level are not clear. In the present study, RNA-sequencing was performed to analyze changes in overall transcriptional and alternative splicing between the knocked-down FLNB and the control in HeLa cells. Decreased FLNB levels resulted in significantly lower apoptosis compared with control cells. FLNB knockdown extensively regulated the expression of genes in cell apoptosis, tumorigenesis, metastases, transmembrane transport and cartilage development. Moreover, FLNB regulated alternative splicing of a large number of genes involved in ‘cell death’ and the ‘apoptotic process’. Some genes and alternative splicing related to skeletal development were enriched and regulated by FLNB. Reverse transcription-quantitative-PCR identified FLNB-regulated transcription and alternative splicing of genes, such as NLR family apoptosis inhibitory protein, interleukin 23 subunit α, metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1, phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2, bone morphogenetic protein 7, matrix metallopeptidase 13, collagen type II α 1 chain, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 and vitamin D receptor. The present study is the first study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to provide transcriptome-wide analysis of differential gene expression and alternative splicing upon FLNB silencing. The present results suggested that FLNB may play an important regulatory role in cervical cancer cell apoptosis via regulation of transcription and alternative splicing, which provide insight for the current understanding of the mechanisms of FLNB-mediated gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Rong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Chao Cheng
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, P.R. China
| | - Rendong Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Haikang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzi Xie
- College of Life Sciences, HaiNan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, P.R. China
| | - Shalitanati Wuermanbieke
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghao Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
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Sigüeiro R. Synthesis of A-Ring Precursors of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3
Analogues Functionalized at C-2. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sigüeiro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Laboratorio de Investigación Ignacio Ribas; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Avda. Ciencias s/n 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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Szybinski M, Sektas K, Sicinski RR, Plum LA, Frelek J, DeLuca HF. Design, synthesis and biological properties of seco-d-ring modified 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 analogues. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 171:144-154. [PMID: 28285018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of our efforts directed to the structure-activity relationship studies of vitamin D compounds, we present in this paper the synthesis of new analogues of 1α,25-(OH)2D3 characterized by numerous structural modifications, especially a cleaved D ring. Total synthesis of the CD fragment required for the construction of the target vitamins was based on the Stork approach. The structure of the key intermediate - bicyclic hydroxy lactone - was established by crystallographic and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectral analysis. Following the attachment of the hydroxyalkyl side chain, the formed D-seco Grundmann ketone was subjected to Wittig-Horner coupling with the corresponding A-ring phosphine oxides providing two desired D-seco analogues of 19-nor-1α,25-(OH)2D3, one without a substituent at C-2 and the other possessing a 2-exomethylene group. Both compounds were biologically tested and the latter was found to be more active in in vitro tests. Despite so many structural changes introduced in its structure, the biological activity of the 2-methylene analogue approached that of the natural hormone. The synthesized D-seco vitamins, however, proved to be inactive on bone and intestine in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Szybinski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison,433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sektas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafal R Sicinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Lori A Plum
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison,433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Jadwiga Frelek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hector F DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison,433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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Shiri-Shahsavar MR, Mirshafiee A, Parastouei K, Ebrahimi-Kalan A, Yekaninejad S, Soleymani F, Chahardoli R, Mazaheri Nezhad Fard R, Saboor-Yaraghi AA. A Novel Combination of Docosahexaenoic Acid, All-Trans Retinoic Acid, and 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Reduces T-Bet Gene Expression, Serum Interferon Gamma, and Clinical Scores but Promotes PPARγ Gene Expression in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 60:498-508. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Nakashima A, Yokoyama K, Yokoo T, Urashima M. Role of vitamin D in diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. World J Diabetes 2016; 7:89-100. [PMID: 26981182 PMCID: PMC4781904 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i5.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30%-50% of people are recognized to have low levels of vitamin D, and insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin D are recognized as global health problems worldwide. Although the presence of hypovitamin D increases the risk of rickets and fractures, low vitamin D levels are also associated with hypertension, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. In addition, diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are also related to vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to onset and progression of DM. Although in patients with DM the relationship between vitamin D and insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and β-cell dysfunction are pointed out, evidence regarding vitamin D levels and DM is contradictory, and well controlled studies are needed. In addition, vitamin D influences the renin-angiotensin system, inflammation, and mineral bone disease, which may be associated with the cause and progression CKD. There is increasing evidence that vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for DM and CKD; however, it remains uncertain whether vitamin D deficiency also predisposes to death from DM and CKD. Although at this time, supplementation with vitamin D has not been shown to improve glycemic control or prevent incident DM, clinical trials with sufficient sample size, study periods, and optimal doses of vitamin D supplementation are still needed. This review focuses on the mechanism of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in DM or CKD, and discusses the current evidence regarding supplementation with vitamin D in patients with these diseases.
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Wang H, Yan L, Wu Y, Lu Y, Chen F. Asymmetric Synthesis of Vitamin D3 Analogues: Organocatalytic Desymmetrization Approach toward the A-Ring Precursor of Calcifediol. Org Lett 2015; 17:5452-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Linjie Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yipei Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Fener Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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9
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Kulesza U, Plum LA, DeLuca HF, Mouriño A, Sicinski RR. Novel 9-Alkyl- and 9-Alkylidene-Substituted 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Analogues: Synthesis and Biological Examinations. J Med Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Kulesza
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lori A. Plum
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Hector F. DeLuca
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Antonio Mouriño
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Investigación
Ignacio Ribas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafal R. Sicinski
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Rebel H, der Spek CDV, Salvatori D, van Leeuwen JPTM, Robanus-Maandag EC, de Gruijl FR. UV exposure inhibits intestinal tumor growth and progression to malignancy in intestine-specific Apc mutant mice kept on low vitamin D diet. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:271-7. [PMID: 24890436 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mortality from colorectal cancer increases with latitude and decreases with ambient UV radiation. We investigated whether moderate UV dosages could inhibit intestinal tumor development and whether this corresponded with UV-induced vitamin D. FabplCre;Apc(15lox/+) mice, which develop intestinal tumors, and their parents were put on a vitamin D-deficient diet. Next to a control group, one group was vitamin D supplemented and another one group was daily UV irradiated from 6 weeks of age. Vitamin D statuses after 6 weeks of treatment were markedly increased: mean ± SD from 7.7 ± 1.9 in controls to 75 ± 15 nmol/l with vitamin D supplementation (no gender difference), and to 31 ± 13 nmol/l in males and 85 ± 17 nmol/l in females upon UV irradiation. The tumor load (area covered by tumors) at 7.5 months of age was significantly reduced in both the vitamin D-supplemented group (130 ± 25 mm(2), p = 0.018) and the UV-exposed group (88 ± 9 mm(2), p < 0.0005; no gender differences) compared to the control group (202 ± 23 mm(2)). No reductions in tumor numbers were found. Only UV exposure appeared to reduce progression to malignancy (p = 0.014). Our experiments clearly demonstrate for the first time an inhibitory effect of moderate UV exposure on outgrowth and malignant progression of primary intestinal tumors, which at least in part can be attributed to vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heggert Rebel
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333, ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
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11
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Belorusova AY, Eberhardt J, Potier N, Stote RH, Dejaegere A, Rochel N. Structural insights into the molecular mechanism of vitamin D receptor activation by lithocholic acid involving a new mode of ligand recognition. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4710-9. [PMID: 24818857 DOI: 10.1021/jm5002524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR), an endocrine nuclear receptor for 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, acts also as a bile acid sensor by binding lithocholic acid (LCA). The crystal structure of the zebrafish VDR ligand binding domain in complex with LCA and the SRC-2 coactivator peptide reveals the binding of two LCA molecules by VDR. One LCA binds to the canonical ligand-binding pocket, and the second one, which is not fully buried, is anchored to a site located on the VDR surface. Despite the low affinity of the alternative site, the binding of the second molecule promotes stabilization of the active receptor conformation. Biological activity assays, structural analysis, and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the recognition of two ligand molecules is crucial for VDR agonism by LCA. The unique binding mode of LCA provides clues for the development of new chemical compounds that target alternative binding sites for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Y Belorusova
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
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12
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Adorini L, Amuchastegui S, Corsiero E, Laverny G, Le Meur T, Penna G. Vitamin D receptor agonists as anti-inflammatory agents. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 3:477-89. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.3.4.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Godoy P, Hewitt NJ, Albrecht U, Andersen ME, Ansari N, Bhattacharya S, Bode JG, Bolleyn J, Borner C, Böttger J, Braeuning A, Budinsky RA, Burkhardt B, Cameron NR, Camussi G, Cho CS, Choi YJ, Craig Rowlands J, Dahmen U, Damm G, Dirsch O, Donato MT, Dong J, Dooley S, Drasdo D, Eakins R, Ferreira KS, Fonsato V, Fraczek J, Gebhardt R, Gibson A, Glanemann M, Goldring CEP, Gómez-Lechón MJ, Groothuis GMM, Gustavsson L, Guyot C, Hallifax D, Hammad S, Hayward A, Häussinger D, Hellerbrand C, Hewitt P, Hoehme S, Holzhütter HG, Houston JB, Hrach J, Ito K, Jaeschke H, Keitel V, Kelm JM, Kevin Park B, Kordes C, Kullak-Ublick GA, LeCluyse EL, Lu P, Luebke-Wheeler J, Lutz A, Maltman DJ, Matz-Soja M, McMullen P, Merfort I, Messner S, Meyer C, Mwinyi J, Naisbitt DJ, Nussler AK, Olinga P, Pampaloni F, Pi J, Pluta L, Przyborski SA, Ramachandran A, Rogiers V, Rowe C, Schelcher C, Schmich K, Schwarz M, Singh B, Stelzer EHK, Stieger B, Stöber R, Sugiyama Y, Tetta C, Thasler WE, Vanhaecke T, Vinken M, Weiss TS, Widera A, Woods CG, Xu JJ, Yarborough KM, Hengstler JG. Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1315-530. [PMID: 23974980 PMCID: PMC3753504 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1062] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested, zonated lobules, the liver consists of approximately 80 % hepatocytes and 20 % non-parenchymal cells, the latter being involved in a secondary phase that may dramatically aggravate the initial damage. Hepatotoxicity, as well as hepatic metabolism, is controlled by a set of nuclear receptors (including PXR, CAR, HNF-4α, FXR, LXR, SHP, VDR and PPAR) and signaling pathways. When isolating liver cells, some pathways are activated, e.g., the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, whereas others are silenced (e.g. HNF-4α), resulting in up- and downregulation of hundreds of genes. An understanding of these changes is crucial for a correct interpretation of in vitro data. The possibilities and limitations of the most useful liver in vitro systems are summarized, including three-dimensional culture techniques, co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells, hepatospheres, precision cut liver slices and the isolated perfused liver. Also discussed is how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell-derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes. Finally, a summary is given of the state of the art of liver in vitro and mathematical modeling systems that are currently used in the pharmaceutical industry with an emphasis on drug metabolism, prediction of clearance, drug interaction, transporter studies and hepatotoxicity. One key message is that despite our enthusiasm for in vitro systems, we must never lose sight of the in vivo situation. Although hepatocytes have been isolated for decades, the hunt for relevant alternative systems has only just begun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Godoy
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Ute Albrecht
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melvin E. Andersen
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Nariman Ansari
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Johannes Georg Bode
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Bolleyn
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Böttger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert A. Budinsky
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI USA
| | - Britta Burkhardt
- BG Trauma Center, Siegfried Weller Institut, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Neil R. Cameron
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Korea
| | - J. Craig Rowlands
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI USA
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - María Teresa Donato
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, IIS Hospital La Fe Avda Campanar 21, 46009 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERehd, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jian Dong
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dirk Drasdo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- INRIA (French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control), Domaine de Voluceau-Rocquencourt, B.P. 105, 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex, France
- UPMC University of Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7598, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, 4, pl. Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Rowena Eakins
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Karine Sá Ferreira
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- GRK 1104 From Cells to Organs, Molecular Mechanisms of Organogenesis, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Fonsato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Joanna Fraczek
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrew Gibson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matthias Glanemann
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chris E. P. Goldring
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - María José Gómez-Lechón
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, IIS Hospital La Fe Avda Campanar 21, 46009 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERehd, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Geny M. M. Groothuis
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacokinetics Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Gustavsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (Malmö), Center for Molecular Pathology, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 59, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christelle Guyot
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Hallifax
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Seddik Hammad
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Adam Hayward
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH13LE UK
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Hoehme
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hermann-Georg Holzhütter
- Institut für Biochemie Abteilung Mathematische Systembiochemie, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Brian Houston
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | | | - Kiyomi Ito
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585 Japan
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Verena Keitel
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - B. Kevin Park
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claus Kordes
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edward L. LeCluyse
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Peng Lu
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | | | - Anna Lutz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Maltman
- Reinnervate Limited, NETPark Incubator, Thomas Wright Way, Sedgefield, TS21 3FD UK
| | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick McMullen
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Meyer
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dean J. Naisbitt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andreas K. Nussler
- BG Trauma Center, Siegfried Weller Institut, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Olinga
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Pampaloni
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jingbo Pi
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Linda Pluta
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Stefan A. Przyborski
- Reinnervate Limited, NETPark Incubator, Thomas Wright Way, Sedgefield, TS21 3FD UK
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH13LE UK
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cliff Rowe
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Celine Schelcher
- Department of Surgery, Liver Regeneration, Core Facility, Human in Vitro Models of the Liver, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schmich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarz
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Korea
| | - Ernst H. K. Stelzer
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regina Stöber
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, RIKEN, Yokohama Biopharmaceutical R&D Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Ciro Tetta
- Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E. Thasler
- Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas S. Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics and Juvenile Medicine, University of Regensburg Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agata Widera
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Courtney G. Woods
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | | | | | - Jan G. Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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14
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Carballa DM, Zacconi F, Kulesza U, Mouriño A, Torneiro M. Synthesis of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analogues with α-hydroxyalkyl substituents at C12. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 136:34-8. [PMID: 23098691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Convergent syntheses of three new analogues of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 with α-hydroxyalkyl substituents at C12 (4a-c) are described. The A-ring and triene system of each analogue were assembled by a tandem Pd-catalysed intramolecular cyclization and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling process. The stereoselective introduction of substituents at C12 was achieved by Johnson-Claisen rearrangement on allylic alcohol 15 as the key step. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Carballa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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15
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Sawada D, Tsukuda Y, Saito H, Takagi K, Kakuda S, Takimoto-Kamimura M, Ochiai E, Takenouchi K, Kittaka A. Synthesis of 14-epi-2α-hydroxypropoxy-1α,25-dihydroxy-19-nortachysterol and its hVDR binding. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 136:27-9. [PMID: 23246987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we evaluated a novel skeleton in the vitamin D family, 14-epi-1α,25(OH)2-19-nortachysterol, and discovered its unique binding configuration in the human vitamin D receptor (VDR) with the C5,6- and C7,8-s-trans triene configuration. Because of its unprecedented form, this skeleton has a promising characteristic profile for clinical use, and also the synthesis of its derivatives should be versatile. Therefore, we synthesized the novel analog, 2α-hydroxypropoxy substituted 14-epi-1α,25(OH)2-19-nortachysterol, and evaluated its human VDR binding affinity. Although this substitution is one of the promising modification of vitamin D3 such as eldecalcitol (ED-71), it had negative effects on the binding affinity, and the compound showed lower affinity than 1α,25(OH)2D3 and its parent compound, 14-epi-1α,25(OH)2-19-nortachysterol. It was thought that the unprecedented binding configuration of this skeleton should not allow the terminal hydroxyl group of the 2α-substituent to construct effective hydrogen bond networks around the amino acid residues in the binding pocket. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sawada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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16
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Abstract
Cholestatic liver diseases encompass a wide spectrum of disorders with different causes, resulting in impaired bile flow and accumulation of bile acids and other potentially hepatotoxic cholephils. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms of bile formation and cholestasis has recently improved significantly through new insights into nuclear receptor (patho)biology. Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors, which act as central players in the regulation of genes responsible for elimination and detoxification of biliary constituents accumulating in cholestasis. They also control other pathophysiologic processes such as inflammation, fibrogenesis, and carcinogenesis involved in the pathogenesis and disease progression of cholestasis liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Halilbasic
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Baghdasaryan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Overview of molecular pathways in inflammatory bowel disease associated with colorectal cancer development. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 25:271-81. [PMID: 23169309 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e32835b5803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with long-standing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). This risk increases with the longer duration of colitis, greater extent of inflammation, a family history of CRC, severity of bowel inflammation, and a coexistent primary sclerosing cholangitis. The cornerstone for comprehending the development of CRC in IBD and hence early detection is based on the understanding of the molecular pathways of IBD itself. At a molecular level, the pathogenesis of CRC is related to understanding the inflammatory changes and involves multiple inter-related pathways including (i) genetic alterations (e.g. chromosomal and microsatellite instability and hypermethylation), (ii) mucosal inflammatory mediators (e.g. COX-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-23, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-κB, and chemokines), (iii) changes in the expression of receptors on the epithelial cells, and (iv) oxidant stress, mucosal breakdown, and intestinal microbiota. The aim of this review is to provide an evidence-based approach for the role of chronic inflammatory mechanisms and the molecular basis of these mechanisms in the development of CRC. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis of CRC is an important step for the identification of new biomarkers that can help in the early detection of CRC in these patients.
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18
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Kulesza U, Sigüeiro R, Mouriño A, Sicinski RR. Synthesis of 9-Alkylated Calcitriol and Two 1α,25-Dihydroxy-9-methylene-10,19-dihydrovitamin D3 Analogues with a Non-natural Triene System by Thermal Sigmatropic Rearrangements. J Org Chem 2013; 78:1444-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302513e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Kulesza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rita Sigüeiro
- Departamento de Quimica Organica
y Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Mouriño
- Departamento de Quimica Organica
y Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafal R. Sicinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Wallace BD, Redinbo MR. Xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors involved in drug metabolism: a structural perspective. Drug Metab Rev 2012; 45:79-100. [PMID: 23210723 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2012.740049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Xenobiotic compounds undergo a critical range of biotransformations performed by the phase I, II, and III drug-metabolizing enzymes. The oxidation, conjugation, and transportation of potentially harmful xenobiotic and endobiotic compounds achieved by these catalytic systems are significantly regulated, at the gene expression level, by members of the nuclear receptor (NR) family of ligand-modulated transcription factors. Activation of NRs by a variety of endo- and exogenous chemicals are elemental to induction and repression of drug-metabolism pathways. The master xenobiotic sensing NRs, the promiscuous pregnane X receptor and less-promiscuous constitutive androstane receptor are crucial to initial ligand recognition, jump-starting the metabolic process. Other receptors, including farnesoid X receptor, vitamin D receptor, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, liver X receptor, and RAR-related orphan receptor, are not directly linked to promiscuous xenobiotic binding, but clearly play important roles in the modulation of metabolic gene expression. Crystallographic studies of the ligand-binding domains of nine NRs involved in drug metabolism provide key insights into ligand-based and constitutive activity, coregulator recruitment, and gene regulation. Structures of other, noncanonical transcription factors also shed light on secondary, but important, pathways of control. Pharmacological targeting of some of these nuclear and atypical receptors has been instituted as a means to treat metabolic and developmental disorders and provides a future avenue to be explored for other members of the xenobiotic-sensing NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret D Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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20
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Carballa DM, Seoane S, Zacconi F, Pérez X, Rumbo A, Alvarez-Díaz S, Larriba MJ, Pérez-Fernández R, Muñoz A, Maestro M, Mouriño A, Torneiro M. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Analogues with a Long Side Chain at C12 and Short C17 Side Chains. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8642-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3008272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego M. Carballa
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica y Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Santiago
de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Samuel Seoane
- Departamento de Fisiología—Centro
de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas
(CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de
Compostela, Spain
| | - Flavia Zacconi
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica y Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Santiago
de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xenxo Pérez
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica y Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Santiago
de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Rumbo
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica y Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Santiago
de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silvia Alvarez-Díaz
- Instituto
de Investigaciones
Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC—Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Larriba
- Instituto
de Investigaciones
Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC—Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Román Pérez-Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología—Centro
de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas
(CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de
Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Instituto
de Investigaciones
Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC—Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Maestro
- Departamento de Química
Fundamental, Universidad de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña,
Spain
| | - Antonio Mouriño
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica y Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Santiago
de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mercedes Torneiro
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica y Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Santiago
de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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21
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Liu NQ, Hewison M. Vitamin D, the placenta and pregnancy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 523:37-47. [PMID: 22155151 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Impaired vitamin D status is common to many populations around the world. However, data suggest that this is a particular problem for specific groups such as pregnant women. This has raised important questions concerning the physiological and clinical impact of low vitamin D levels during pregnancy, with implications for classical skeletal functions of vitamin D, as well as its diverse non-classical actions. The current review will discuss this with specific emphasis on the classical calciotropic effects of vitamin D as well as the less well established immunological functions of vitamin D that may influence pregnancy outcome. The review also describes the pathways that are required for metabolism and function of vitamin D, and the various clinical complications that have been linked to impaired vitamin D status during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Q Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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22
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Larriba MJ, Ordóñez-Morán P, Chicote I, Martín-Fernández G, Puig I, Muñoz A, Pálmer HG. Vitamin D receptor deficiency enhances Wnt/β-catenin signaling and tumor burden in colon cancer. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23524. [PMID: 21858154 PMCID: PMC3156234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is critical for the initiation and progression of most colon cancers. This activation provokes the accumulation of nuclear β-catenin and the induction of its target genes. Apc(min/+) mice are the most commonly used model for colon cancer. They harbor a mutated Apc allele and develop intestinal adenomas and carcinomas during the first months of life. This phenotype is caused by the mutation of the second Apc allele and the consequent accumulation of nuclear β-catenin in the affected cells. Here we describe that vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a crucial modulator of nuclear β-catenin levels in colon cancer in vivo. By appropriate breeding of Apc(min/+) mice and Vdr(+/-) mice we have generated animals expressing a mutated Apc allele and two, one, or none Vdr wild type alleles. Lack of Vdr increased the number of colonic Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACF) but not that of adenomas or carcinomas in either small intestine or colon. Importantly, colon ACF and tumors of Apc(min/+)Vdr(-/-) mice had increased nuclear β-catenin and the tumors reached a larger size than those of Apc(min/+)Vdr(+/+). Both ACF and carcinomas in Apc(min/+)Vdr(-/-) mice showed higher expression of β-catenin/TCF target genes. In line with this, VDR knock-down in cultured human colon cancer cells enhanced β-catenin nuclear content and target gene expression. Consistently, VDR depletion abrogated the capacity of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) to promote the relocation of β-catenin from the nucleus to the plasma membrane and to inhibit β-catenin/TCF target genes. In conclusion, VDR controls the level of nuclear β-catenin in colon cancer cells and can therefore attenuate the impact of oncogenic mutations that activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Larriba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Ordóñez-Morán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Chicote
- Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Oncology, Stem Cells and Cancer Laboratory, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Génesis Martín-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Puig
- Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Oncology, Stem Cells and Cancer Laboratory, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor G. Pálmer
- Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Oncology, Stem Cells and Cancer Laboratory, Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Zúñiga S, Firrincieli D, Housset C, Chignard N. Vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor in liver pathophysiology. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2011; 35:295-302. [PMID: 21440524 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D through the vitamin D nuclear receptor (VDR) plays a key role in mineral ion homeostasis. The liver is central in vitamin D synthesis, however the direct involvement of the vitamin D-VDR axis on the liver remains to be evaluated. In this review, we will describe vitamin D metabolism and the mechanisms of homeostatic control. We will also address the associations between the vitamin D-VDR axis and pathological liver entities, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune liver disease, viral hepatitis and liver cancer. The link between liver diseases and the vitamin D-VDR axis will be discussed in light of evidences arising from in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, we will consider the therapeutic potential of the vitamin D-VDR axis in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Zúñiga
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CdR Saint-Antoine, 75005 Paris, France
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24
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1α,25(OH)2-3-epi-vitamin D3, a natural physiological metabolite of vitamin D3: its synthesis, biological activity and crystal structure with its receptor. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18124. [PMID: 21483824 PMCID: PMC3069065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 1α,25-dihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin-D3 (1α,25(OH)2-3-epi-D3), a natural metabolite of the seco-steroid vitamin D3, exerts its biological activity through binding to its cognate vitamin D nuclear receptor (VDR), a ligand dependent transcription regulator. In vivo action of 1α,25(OH)2-3-epi-D3 is tissue-specific and exhibits lowest calcemic effect compared to that induced by 1α,25(OH)2D3. To further unveil the structural mechanism and structure-activity relationships of 1α,25(OH)2-3-epi-D3 and its receptor complex, we characterized some of its in vitro biological properties and solved its crystal structure complexed with human VDR ligand-binding domain (LBD). Methodology/Principal Findings In the present study, we report the more effective synthesis with fewer steps that provides higher yield of the 3-epimer of the 1α,25(OH)2D3. We solved the crystal structure of its complex with the human VDR-LBD and found that this natural metabolite displays specific adaptation of the ligand-binding pocket, as the 3-epimer maintains the number of hydrogen bonds by an alternative water-mediated interaction to compensate the abolished interaction with Ser278. In addition, the biological activity of the 1α,25(OH)2-3-epi-D3 in primary human keratinocytes and biochemical properties are comparable to 1α,25(OH)2D3. Conclusions/Significance The physiological role of this pathway as the specific biological action of the 3-epimer remains unclear. However, its high metabolic stability together with its significant biologic activity makes this natural metabolite an interesting ligand for clinical applications. Our new findings contribute to a better understanding at molecular level how natural metabolites of 1α,25(OH)2D3 lead to significant activity in biological systems and we conclude that the C3-epimerization pathway produces an active metabolite with similar biochemical and biological properties to those of the 1α,25(OH)2D3.
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25
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Abstract
At the end of 2007, Time magazine listed the “benefits of vitamin D” as one of its top 10 medical breakthroughs for that year. Since then there has been a remarkable upsurge of interest in vitamin D, with new research advances seemingly published on a weekly basis. In particular, there has been increasing awareness of the variability of vitamin D status in populations across the globe and, significantly, a growing debate about the need for revised parameters for vitamin D supplementation. Although sub-optimal vitamin D is likely to be a widespread problem for 21stcentury societies, it is also clear that some groups are at much greater risk of low vitamin D status. Prominent amongst these are pregnant women and the aim of the following review article will be to discuss this problem in further detail with specific emphasis on its potential physiological and clinical impact.
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26
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Brożyna AA, Jozwicki W, Janjetovic Z, Slominski AT. Expression of vitamin D receptor decreases during progression of pigmented skin lesions. Hum Pathol 2011; 42:618-31. [PMID: 21292298 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 affects proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis and protects DNA against oxidative damage with a net tumorostatic and anticarcinogenic effect. It acts through a specific nuclear receptor that is widely distributed through the body. Although a beneficial role of vitamin D in melanoma patients has been suggested, there is lack of information on the changes in the expression pattern of vitamin D receptor during progression of pigmented lesions. Using immunohistochemistry, we analyzed the expression of vitamin D receptor in 140 samples obtained form 82 patients, including 25 benign nevi, 70 primary cutaneous melanomas, 35 metastases, 5 re-excisions, and 5 normal skin biopsies. The strongest expression was observed in normal skin that significantly decreased in melanocytic proliferations with the following order of expression: normal skin > melanocytic nevi > melanomas = metastases. The vitamin D receptor expression in skin surrounding nevi and melanoma was also significantly reduced as compared to normal skin. Tumor-infiltrating and lymph node lymphocytes retained high levels of vitamin D receptor. There was negative correlation between tumor progression and vitamin D receptor expression with a remarkable decrease of the immunoreactivity in nuclei of melanoma cells at vertical versus radial growth phases and with metastatic melanomas showing the lowest cytoplasmic receptor staining. Furthermore, lack of the receptor expression in primary melanomas and metastases was related to shorter overall patients' survival. In addition, the receptor expression decreased in melanized melanoma cells in comparison to amelanotic or poorly pigmented cells. Therefore, we propose that reduction or absence of vitamin D receptor is linked to progression of melanocytic lesions, that its lack affects survival of melanoma patients, and that melanogenesis can attenuate receptor expression. In conclusion, changes in vitamin D receptor expression pattern can serve as important variables for diagnosis, predicting clinical outcome of the disease, and/or as a guidance for novel therapy of melanomas based on use of vitamin D or its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Brożyna
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, The Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland
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27
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Abstract
A wealth of scientific evidence supports a role for vitamin D in decreasing colorectal cancer incidence, and possibly mortality. This reduction in risk is related to inhibition of cellular proliferation and stimulation of differentiation. The minimal amount and duration needed to bring about these effects necessitate additional studies. Furthermore, a critical evaluation of physiologically relevant biomarkers of vitamin D status, including 25-hydroxyvitamin D, is needed. Several dietary components and the balance between energy intake and expenditure influence vitamin D metabolism. Scientists need to identify confounders and modifiers of the biological response to vitamin D, including dietary factors, lifestyle factors such as exercise, race or ethnicity, and genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy D Davis
- Nutritional Sciences Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Blvd, Suite 3159, MSC 7328, Rockville, MD 20892-7328, USA.
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28
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Huet T, Maehr H, Lee HJ, Uskokovic MR, Suh N, Moras D, Rochel N. Structure-function study of gemini derivatives with two different side chains at C-20, Gemini-0072 and Gemini-0097. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011; 2:424-429. [PMID: 22180837 DOI: 10.1039/c1md00059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of vitamin D(3) containing a second side-chain emanating at C-20 are known as gemini and act as vitamin D receptor agonists. Recently, two of these, namely Gemini-0072 and the epimeric Gemini-0097, were selected for further studies in view of their high biological activities and lack of hypercalcemic effects. We now show that the two analogs recruit coactivator SRC-1 better than the parental gemini and act as VDR superagonists. The crystal structures of complexes of zVDR with Gemini-0072 and Gemini-0097 indicate that these ligands induce an extra cavity within the ligand-binding pocket similar to gemini and that their superagonistic activity is due to an increased stabilization of helix H12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Huet
- Département de Biologie et de Génomique Structurales, IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé de la Recherche Méedicale, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
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29
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Eduardo-Canosa S, Fraga R, Sigüeiro R, Marco M, Rochel N, Moras D, Mouriño A. Design and synthesis of active vitamin D analogs. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 121:7-12. [PMID: 20346396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A review of the design and synthesis of structural analogs of the vitamin D hormone recently investigated in our laboratories, and the first report on a new class of vitamin D analogs characterized by an aromatic D-ring, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Eduardo-Canosa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Unidad Asociada al C.S.I.C., Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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30
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Larriba MJ, Bonilla F, Muñoz A. The transcription factors Snail1 and Snail2 repress vitamin D receptor during colon cancer progression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 121:106-9. [PMID: 20138990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates the antitumoral action of the active vitamin D metabolite 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). However, VDR expression is lost during colon cancer progression, possibly causing unresponsiveness to 1,25(OH)2D3. Although several mechanisms responsible for resistance to 1,25(OH)2D3 action in different types of cancer had been reported, none explained the loss of VDR expression. We have found that the transcription factors Snail1 and Snail2, known as inducers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), inhibit VDR expression and block 1,25(OH)2D3 action in colon cancer cells. Snail1 and Snail2 have an additive repressing effect on VDR gene promoter. These effects are specific to the Snail family, as other transcription factors that function as EMT inducers do not inhibit VDR expression in colon cancer cells. Moreover, we also found that the RNA expression of SNAI1 and SNAI2 is upregulated in human colorectal tumors and inversely correlates with that of VDR. Our results suggest that high levels of SNAIL1 and SNAIL2 are a probable cause of VDR downregulation and 1,25(OH)2D3 unresponsiveness in colon cancer. In addition, they may contribute to the improvement of protocols for the clinical use of vitamin D compounds, as they indicate that advanced colon cancer patients overexpressing SNAIL1 and SNAIL2 are not suitable candidates for this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Larriba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Ordóñez-Morán P, Alvarez-Díaz S, Valle N, Larriba MJ, Bonilla F, Muñoz A. The effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on colon cancer cells depend on RhoA-ROCK-p38MAPK-MSK signaling. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 121:355-61. [PMID: 20223287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many studies support a protective action of vitamin D against colon cancer. 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) exerts wide gene regulatory effects in human colon cancer cells. We previously reported that 1,25(OH)2D3 increases cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and transiently activates RhoA and its effector the Rho-associated coiled-kinase (ROCK), and later p38MAPK-MSK. We found that the inhibition of ROCK signaling by Y27632 or that of MSK by Ro318220 prevent the formation of epithelioid islands of SW480-ADH cells by 1,25(OH)2D3 and disrupts the adhesive phenotype of HT29 cells. ROCK and MSK inhibition also abrogates the induction of 1,25(OH)2D3 24-hydroxylase (CYP24), E-cadherin, and vinculin and the repression of cyclin D1 by 1,25(OH)2D3. Moreover, 1,25(OH)2D3 does not promote the localization of the tight junction protein occludin at the plasma membrane in cells expressing a dominant negative RhoA (N19-RhoA). In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 specifically increases the level of the cysteine protease-inhibitor cystatin D, whereas that of cystatin SN is unaffected. The increase of cystatin D protein caused by 1,25(OH)2D3 is abrogated in N19-RhoA cells. Thus, activation of the RhoA-ROCK-p38MAPK-MSK signaling pathway is essential for the regulation of the phenotype and of the CST5/cystatin D candidate tumor suppressor and other target genes by 1,25(OH)2D3 in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Ordóñez-Morán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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32
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Barbáchano A, Ordóñez-Morán P, García JM, Sánchez A, Pereira F, Larriba MJ, Martínez N, Hernández J, Landolfi S, Bonilla F, Pálmer HG, Rojas JM, Muñoz A. SPROUTY-2 and E-cadherin regulate reciprocally and dictate colon cancer cell tumourigenicity. Oncogene 2010; 29:4800-13. [PMID: 20543868 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SPROUTY-2 (SPRY2) regulates receptor tyrosine kinase signalling and therefore cell growth and differentiation. In this study, we show that SPRY2 expression in colon cancer cells is inhibited by the active vitamin D metabolite 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) through E-cadherin-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In turn, SPRY2 represses both basal and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced E-cadherin expression. In line with this, SPRY2 induces ZEB1 RNA and protein, but not that of other epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition inducers that repress the CDH1/E-cadherin promoter. Consistently, SPRY2 and E-cadherin protein levels inversely correlate in colon cancer cell lines and xenografted tumours. Moreover, SPRY2 knockdown by small hairpin RNA increases CDH1/E-cadherin expression and, reciprocally, CDH1/E-cadherin knockdown increases that of SPRY2. In colon cancer patients, SPRY2 is upregulated in undifferentiated high-grade tumours and at the invasive front of low-grade carcinomas. Quantification of protein expression in 34 tumours confirmed an inverse correlation between SPRY2 and E-cadherin. Our data demonstrate a tumourigenic action of SPRY2 that is based on the repression of E-cadherin, probably by the induction of ZEB1, and a reciprocal regulation of SPRY2 and E-cadherin that dictates cell phenotype. We propose SPRY2 as a candidate novel marker for high-grade tumours and a target of therapeutic intervention in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barbáchano
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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33
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Zollner G, Wagner M, Trauner M. Nuclear receptors as drug targets in cholestasis and drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 126:228-43. [PMID: 20388526 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are key regulators of various processes including reproduction, development, and metabolism of xeno- and endobiotics such as bile acids and drugs. Research in the last two decades provided researchers and clinicians with a detailed understanding of the regulation of these processes and, most importantly, also prompted the development of novel drugs specifically targeting nuclear receptors for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Some nuclear receptor agonists are already used in daily clinical practice but many more are currently designed or tested for the treatment of diabetes, dyslipidemia, fatty liver disease, cancer, drug hepatotoxicity and cholestasis. The hydrophilic bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid is currently the only available drug to treat cholestasis but its efficacy is limited. Therefore, development of novel treatments represents a major goal for both pharmaceutical industry and academic researchers. Targeting nuclear receptors in cholestasis is an intriguing approach since these receptors are critically involved in regulation of bile acid homeostasis. This review will discuss the general role of nuclear receptors in regulation of transporters and other enzymes maintaining bile acid homeostasis and will review the role of individual receptors as therapeutic targets. In addition, the central role of nuclear receptors and other transcription factors such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the nuclear factor-E2-related factor (Nrf2) in mediating drug disposition and their potential therapeutic role in drug-induced liver disease will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Zollner
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A-8036 Graz, Austria
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34
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Antony P, Sigüeiro R, Huet T, Sato Y, Ramalanjaona N, Rodrigues LC, Mouriño A, Moras D, Rochel N. Structure−Function Relationships and Crystal Structures of the Vitamin D Receptor Bound 2α-Methyl-(20S,23S)- and 2α-Methyl-(20S,23R)-epoxymethano-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Med Chem 2010; 53:1159-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jm9014636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Antony
- Département de Biologie et de Génomique Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, CEBGS-IGBMC (Centre Européen de Biologie et Génomique Structurale—Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Rita Sigüeiro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Tiphaine Huet
- Département de Biologie et de Génomique Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, CEBGS-IGBMC (Centre Européen de Biologie et Génomique Structurale—Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Yoshiteru Sato
- Département de Biologie et de Génomique Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, CEBGS-IGBMC (Centre Européen de Biologie et Génomique Structurale—Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Nick Ramalanjaona
- Département de Biologie et de Génomique Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, CEBGS-IGBMC (Centre Européen de Biologie et Génomique Structurale—Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Luis Cezar Rodrigues
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Antonio Mouriño
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Dino Moras
- Département de Biologie et de Génomique Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, CEBGS-IGBMC (Centre Européen de Biologie et Génomique Structurale—Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Natacha Rochel
- Département de Biologie et de Génomique Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, CEBGS-IGBMC (Centre Européen de Biologie et Génomique Structurale—Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
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35
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Abstract
The secosteroid hormone vitamin D3 (VD3) exerts its biological actions through its cognate receptor, the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Vitamin D3 and VDR have a key function in bone formation and keratinocyte differentiation, exert antiproliferative actions in human cancer, and is widely used as a chemotherapeutic agent for cancer. In addition, VD3 promotes differentiation of human osteosarcoma cells by up-regulating genes involved in cell cycle arrest and osteoblastic differentiation. Although considerable work has been carried out in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the VD3-mediated differentiation of human osteosarcoma cells, the upstream regulation of VD3 signaling pathway is still unclear. In this study, we show that p73 acts as an upstream regulator of VD3-mediated osteoblastic differentiation. Transcription factor p73, a p53 homolog, has been shown to have a function in development and recently been termed as a tumor suppressor. Silencing p73 results in a significant reduction of VD3-mediated osteoblastic differentiation; although DNA damage induced p73 leads to an increase in VD3-mediated differentiation of osteosarcoma cells. Together, our data implicate a novel function for p73 in vitamin D-mediated differentiation of human osteosarcoma cells.
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36
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Alvarez-Díaz S, Valle N, García JM, Peña C, Freije JMP, Quesada V, Astudillo A, Bonilla F, López-Otín C, Muñoz A. Cystatin D is a candidate tumor suppressor gene induced by vitamin D in human colon cancer cells. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:2343-58. [PMID: 19662683 DOI: 10.1172/jci37205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The active vitamin D metabolite 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1alpha,25(OH)2D3] has wide but not fully understood antitumor activity. A previous transcriptomic analysis of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 action on human colon cancer cells revealed cystatin D (CST5), which encodes an inhibitor of several cysteine proteases of the cathepsin family, as a candidate target gene. Here we report that 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 induced vitamin D receptor (VDR) binding to, and activation of, the CST5 promoter and increased CST5 RNA and protein levels in human colon cancer cells. In cells lacking endogenous cystatin D, ectopic cystatin D expression inhibited both proliferation in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, cystatin D inhibited migration and anchorage-independent growth, antagonized the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, and repressed c-MYC expression. Cystatin D repressed expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition inducers SNAI1, SNAI2, ZEB1, and ZEB2 and, conversely, induced E-cadherin and other adhesion proteins. CST5 knockdown using shRNA abrogated the antiproliferative effect of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3, attenuated E-cadherin expression, and increased c-MYC expression. In human colorectal tumors, expression of cystatin D correlated with expression of VDR and E-cadherin, and loss of cystatin D correlated with poor tumor differentiation. Based on these data, we propose that CST5 has tumor suppressor activity that may contribute to the antitumoral action of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alvarez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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37
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Larriba MJ, Martín-Villar E, García JM, Pereira F, Peña C, de Herreros AG, Bonilla F, Muñoz A. Snail2 cooperates with Snail1 in the repression of vitamin D receptor in colon cancer. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:1459-68. [PMID: 19502595 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates the antitumoral action of the active vitamin D metabolite 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)). VDR expression is lost during colon cancer progression causing unresponsiveness to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and its analogs. Previously, Snail1, an inducer of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), was reported to inhibit VDR expression. Here, we show that Snail2/Slug, but not other EMT inducers such as Zeb1, Zeb2, E47 or Twist1, represses VDR gene promoter. Moreover, Snail2 and Snail1 show additive repressing effect on VDR promoter. Snail2 inhibits VDR RNA and protein and blocks the induction of E-cadherin and an adhesive phenotype by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). Snail2 reduces the ligand-induced VDR transcriptional activation of a consensus response element and of the CYP24 promoter. Concordantly, Snail2 inhibits the induction of CYP24 RNA and p21(CIP1), filamin A and vinculin proteins and the repression of c-MYC by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). Additionally, Snail2 abrogates beta-catenin nuclear export and the antagonism of the transcriptional activity of beta-catenin-T-cell factor complexes by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). SNAI2 expression is upregulated in 58% of colorectal tumors and correlates inversely with that of VDR. However, VDR downregulation is higher in tumors coexpressing SNAI2 and SNAI1 than in those expressing only one of these genes. Together, these data indicate that Snail2 and Snail1 cooperate for VDR repression in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Larriba
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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38
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Ablation of klotho and premature aging: is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D the key middleman? Kidney Int 2009; 75:1137-1139. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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39
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Zollner G, Trauner M. Nuclear receptors as therapeutic targets in cholestatic liver diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 156:7-27. [PMID: 19133988 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2008.00030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis results in intrahepatic accumulation of cytotoxic bile acids, which cause liver damage ultimately leading to biliary fibrosis and cirrhosis. Cholestatic liver injury is counteracted by a variety of adaptive hepatoprotective mechanisms including alterations in bile acid transport, synthesis and detoxification. The underlying molecular mechanisms are mediated mainly at a transcriptional level via a complex network involving nuclear receptors including the farnesoid X receptor, pregnane X receptor, vitamin D receptor and constitutive androstane receptor, which target overlapping, although not identical, sets of genes. Because the intrinsic adaptive response to bile acids cannot fully prevent liver injury in cholestasis, therapeutic targeting of these receptors via specific and potent agonists may further enhance the hepatic defence against toxic bile acids. Activation of these receptors results in repression of bile acid synthesis, induction of phases I and II bile acid hydroxylation and conjugation and stimulation of alternative bile acid export while limiting hepatocellular bile acid import. Furthermore, the use of nuclear receptor ligands may not only influence bile acid transport and metabolism but may also directly target hepatic fibrogenesis and inflammation. Many drugs already used to treat cholestasis and its complications such as pruritus (e.g. ursodeoxycholic acid, rifampicin, fibrates) may act via activation of nuclear receptors. More specific and potent nuclear receptor ligands are currently being developed. This article will review the current knowledge on nuclear receptors and their potential role in the treatment of cholestatic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Zollner
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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40
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Kaya T, Swamy N, Persons KS, Ray S, Mohr SC, Ray R. Covalent labeling of nuclear vitamin D receptor with affinity labeling reagents containing a cross-linking probe at three different positions of the parent ligand: structural and biochemical implications. Bioorg Chem 2009; 37:57-63. [PMID: 19223058 PMCID: PMC2696187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Structure-functional characterization of vitamin D receptor (VDR) requires identification of structurally distinct areas of VDR-ligand-binding domain (VDR-LBD) important for biological properties of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)). We hypothesized that covalent attachment of the ligand into VDR-LBD might alter 'surface structure' of that area influencing biological activity of the ligand. We compared anti-proliferative activity of three affinity alkylating derivatives of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) containing an alkylating probe at 1,3 and 11 positions. These compounds possessed high-affinity binding for VDR; and affinity labeled VDR-LBD. But, only the analog with probe at 3-position significantly altered growth in keratinocytes, compared with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). Molecular models of these analogs, docked inside VDR-LBD tentatively identified Ser237 (helix-3: 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-1-BE), Cys288 (beta-hairpin region: 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-3-BE,) and Tyr295 (helix-6: 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-11-BE,) as amino acids that are potentially modified by these reagents. Therefore, we conclude that the beta-hairpin region (modified by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-3-BE) is most important for growth inhibition by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), while helices 3 and 6 are less important for such activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Swapna Ray
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA 02118
| | | | - Rahul Ray
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA 02118
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41
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c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2) antagonizes the signaling of differentiation by JNK1 in human myeloid leukemia cells resistant to vitamin D. Leuk Res 2009; 33:1372-8. [PMID: 19339050 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) induces differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells, but resistant cells are also encountered. We studied the mechanistic basis for the resistance in a model system using enhancers of 1,25D, the antioxidant carnosic acid and a kinase inhibitor SB202190. Knock-down (KD) of JNK2p54 unexpectedly increased the intensity of differentiation induced by the 1,25D, carnosic acid and SB202190 (DCS) combination. This was associated with upregulation of activated JNK1p46, and the transcription factors regulated by the JNK pathway, c-Jun, ATF2 and JunB, as well as C/EBP beta. In contrast, KD of JNK1p46 reduced the intensity of DCS-induced differentiation, and partially abrogated activation of c-Jun/AP-1 transcription factors.
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Laverny G, Penna G, Uskokovic M, Marczak S, Maehr H, Jankowski P, Ceailles C, Vouros P, Smith B, Robinson M, Reddy GS, Adorini L. Synthesis and Anti-inflammatory Properties of 1α,25-Dihydroxy-16-ene-20-cyclopropyl-24-oxo-vitamin D3, a Hypocalcemic, Stable Metabolite of 1α,25-Dihydroxy-16-ene-20-cyclopropyl-vitamin D3. J Med Chem 2009; 52:2204-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801365a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Laverny
- BioXell, 20132 Milan, Italy, BioXell Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, The Barnett Institute, Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston Massachusetts 02115, Epimer LLC, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Box H, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Giuseppe Penna
- BioXell, 20132 Milan, Italy, BioXell Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, The Barnett Institute, Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston Massachusetts 02115, Epimer LLC, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Box H, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Milan Uskokovic
- BioXell, 20132 Milan, Italy, BioXell Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, The Barnett Institute, Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston Massachusetts 02115, Epimer LLC, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Box H, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Stanislaw Marczak
- BioXell, 20132 Milan, Italy, BioXell Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, The Barnett Institute, Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston Massachusetts 02115, Epimer LLC, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Box H, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Hubert Maehr
- BioXell, 20132 Milan, Italy, BioXell Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, The Barnett Institute, Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston Massachusetts 02115, Epimer LLC, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Box H, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Pawel Jankowski
- BioXell, 20132 Milan, Italy, BioXell Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, The Barnett Institute, Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston Massachusetts 02115, Epimer LLC, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Box H, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Caroline Ceailles
- BioXell, 20132 Milan, Italy, BioXell Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, The Barnett Institute, Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston Massachusetts 02115, Epimer LLC, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Box H, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Paul Vouros
- BioXell, 20132 Milan, Italy, BioXell Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, The Barnett Institute, Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston Massachusetts 02115, Epimer LLC, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Box H, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Brenden Smith
- BioXell, 20132 Milan, Italy, BioXell Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, The Barnett Institute, Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston Massachusetts 02115, Epimer LLC, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Box H, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Matthew Robinson
- BioXell, 20132 Milan, Italy, BioXell Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, The Barnett Institute, Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston Massachusetts 02115, Epimer LLC, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Box H, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - G. Satyanarayana Reddy
- BioXell, 20132 Milan, Italy, BioXell Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, The Barnett Institute, Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston Massachusetts 02115, Epimer LLC, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Box H, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Luciano Adorini
- BioXell, 20132 Milan, Italy, BioXell Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110, The Barnett Institute, Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston Massachusetts 02115, Epimer LLC, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Box H, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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Abedin SA, Thorne JL, Battaglia S, Maguire O, Hornung LB, Doherty AP, Mills IG, Campbell MJ. Elevated NCOR1 disrupts a network of dietary-sensing nuclear receptors in bladder cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:449-56. [PMID: 19126649 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly invasive bladder cancer cells lines displayed insensitivity toward a panel of dietary-derived ligands for members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Insensitivity was defined through altered gene regulatory actions and cell proliferation and reflected both reduced receptor expression and elevated nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCOR1) expression. Stable overexpression of NCOR1 in sensitive cells (RT4) resulted in a panel of clones that recapitulated the resistant phenotype in terms of gene regulatory actions and proliferative responses toward ligand. Similarly, silencing RNA approaches to NCOR1 in resistant cells (EJ28) enhanced ligand gene regulatory and proliferation responses, including those mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma and vitamin D receptor (VDR) receptors. Elevated NCOR1 levels generate an epigenetic lesion to target in resistant cells using the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat, in combination with nuclear receptor ligands. Such treatments revealed strong-additive interactions toward the PPARgamma, VDR and Farnesoid X-activated receptors. Genome-wide microarray and microfluidic quantitative real-time, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction approaches, following the targeting of NCOR1 activity and expression, revealed the selective capacity of this corepressor to govern common transcriptional events of underlying networks. Combined these findings suggest that NCOR1 is a selective regulator of nuclear receptors, notably PPARgamma and VDR, and contributes to their loss of sensitivity. Combinations of epigenetic therapies that target NCOR1 may prove effective, even when receptor expression is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Asad Abedin
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Wolfson Drive, University of Birmingham Medical School, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Ordóñez-Morán P, Larriba MJ, Pálmer HG, Valero RA, Barbáchano A, Duñach M, de Herreros AG, Villalobos C, Berciano MT, Lafarga M, Muñoz A. RhoA-ROCK and p38MAPK-MSK1 mediate vitamin D effects on gene expression, phenotype, and Wnt pathway in colon cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 183:697-710. [PMID: 19015318 PMCID: PMC2582889 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200803020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The active vitamin D metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation of colon cancer cells through the activation of vitamin D receptor (VDR), a transcription factor of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Additionally, 1,25(OH)2D3 has several nongenomic effects of uncertain relevance. We show that 1,25(OH)2D3 induces a transcription-independent Ca2+ influx and activation of RhoA–Rho-associated coiled kinase (ROCK). This requires VDR and is followed by activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1 (MSK1). As shown by the use of chemical inhibitors, dominant-negative mutants and small interfering RNA, RhoA–ROCK, and p38MAPK-MSK1 activation is necessary for the induction of CDH1/E-cadherin, CYP24, and other genes and of an adhesive phenotype by 1,25(OH)2D3. RhoA–ROCK and MSK1 are also required for the inhibition of Wnt–β-catenin pathway and cell proliferation. Thus, the action of 1,25(OH)2D3 on colon carcinoma cells depends on the dual action of VDR as a transcription factor and a nongenomic activator of RhoA–ROCK and p38MAPK-MSK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Ordóñez-Morán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Brown WM. Vitamin D, vitamin D analogs (deltanoids) and prostate cancer. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2008; 1:803-13. [PMID: 24410609 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.1.6.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
'Vitamin D' is a generic term for a family of secosteroids, members of which bind to the vitamin D receptor. Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, has antiproliferative effects on many tumor cells. However, clinical use of calcitriol in cancer prevention or therapy is limited because it induces hypercalcemia at the necessary supraphysiological doses. The anti-tumor effects of vitamin D analogs (deltanoids) have been researched extensively; more than 3000 deltanoids have now been described. Prostate cancer is more common in northern geographic regions; mortality decreases with exposure to sunlight. As UV light is necessary for vitamin D synthesis in the skin, it has long been dogma that vitamin D is involved. This review concerns deltanoids that have been assessed for use in treating or preventing prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Brown
- VaxDesign Corp., 12612 Challenger Parkway, Suite 365, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
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Adorini L, Penna G. Control of autoimmune diseases by the vitamin D endocrine system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 4:404-12. [PMID: 18594491 DOI: 10.1038/ncprheum0855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)], the biologically active form of vitamin D(3), is a secosteroid hormone essential for bone and mineral homeostasis. It regulates the growth and differentiation of multiple cell types, and displays immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Cells involved in innate and adaptive immune responses--including macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells and B cells--express the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and can both produce and respond to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). The net effect of the vitamin D system on the immune response is an enhancement of innate immunity coupled with multifaceted regulation of adaptive immunity. Epidemiological evidence indicates a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and an increased incidence of several autoimmune diseases, and clarification of the physiological role of endogenous VDR agonists in the regulation of autoimmune responses will guide the development of pharmacological VDR agonists for use in the clinic. The antiproliferative, prodifferentiative, antibacterial, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of synthetic VDR agonists could be exploited to treat a variety of autoimmune diseases, from rheumatoid arthritis to systemic lupus erythematosus, and possibly also multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, and autoimmune prostatitis.
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Structure-Based Design of a Superagonist Ligand for the Vitamin D Nuclear Receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:383-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Revised: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ishizawa M, Matsunawa M, Adachi R, Uno S, Ikeda K, Masuno H, Shimizu M, Iwasaki KI, Yamada S, Makishima M. Lithocholic acid derivatives act as selective vitamin D receptor modulators without inducing hypercalcemia. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:763-72. [PMID: 18180267 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m700293-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)], a vitamin D receptor (VDR) ligand, regulates calcium homeostasis and also exhibits noncalcemic actions on immunity and cell differentiation. In addition to disorders of bone and calcium metabolism, VDR ligands are potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of immune disorders, microbial infections, and malignancies. Hypercalcemia, the major adverse effect of vitamin D(3) derivatives, limits their clinical application. The secondary bile acid lithocholic acid (LCA) is an additional physiological ligand for VDR, and its synthetic derivative, LCA acetate, is a potent VDR agonist. In this study, we found that an additional derivative, LCA propionate, is a more selective VDR activator than LCA acetate. LCA acetate and LCA propionate induced the expression of the calcium channel transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6 (TRPV6) as effectively as that of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1), whereas 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) was more effective on TRPV6 than on CYP24A1 in intestinal cells. In vivo experiments showed that LCA acetate and LCA propionate effectively induced tissue VDR activation without causing hypercalcemia. These bile acid derivatives have the ability to function as selective VDR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyasu Ishizawa
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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Vitamin D receptor agonists in the treatment of autoimmune diseases: selective targeting of myeloid but not plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Bone Miner Res 2007; 22 Suppl 2:V69-73. [PMID: 18290726 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.07s217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists are well known for their capacity to control calcium and bone metabolism and to regulate growth and differentiation of many cell types. More recently, it has become clear that VDR agonists possess immunoregulatory properties and, in particular, pronounced protolerogenic activities. These agents have been shown to be effective in several models of autoimmune diseases and are the most used topical agents in the treatment of psoriasis, a Th1 and Th17 cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the skin, indicating their potential applicability in the treatment of a variety of autoimmune diseases. VDR agonists can act directly on T cells, but dendritic cells (DCs) seem to be their primary targets. A potentially very important activity of VDR agonists is their capacity to induce in vitro and in vivo tolerogenic DCs able to enhance CD4(+)CD25(+) suppressor T cells that, in turn, inhibit effector T-cell responses. Novel data now show that VDR agonists selectively modulate tolerogenic properties in blood myeloid but not plasmacytoid DCs, shedding new light on the multifaceted immunoregulatory properties of these agents.
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