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Kumar PP, Smith D, Key J, Dong H, Ganapathysamy A, Maranda V, Wong NKY, Fernandez ML, Kim H, Zhang G, Ewanowich C, Hopkins L, Freywald A, Postovit LM, Köbel M, Fu Y, Vizeacoumar FS, Vizeacoumar FJ, Carey MS, Lee CH. Preclinical 3D model screening reveals digoxin as an effective therapy for a rare and aggressive type of endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2024; 188:162-168. [PMID: 38970843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma (DDEC) characterized by SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex inactivation is a highly aggressive type of endometrial cancer without effective systemic therapy options. Its uncommon nature and aggressive disease trajectory pose significant challenges for therapeutic progress. To address this obstacle, we focused on developing preclinical models tailored to this tumor type and established patient tumor-derived three-dimensional (3D) spheroid models of DDEC. METHODS High-throughput drug repurposing screens were performed on in vitro 3D spheroid models of DDEC cell lines (SMARCA4-inactivated DDEC-1 and ARID1A/ARID1B co-inactivated DDEC-2). The dose-response relationships of the identified candidate drugs were evaluated in vitro, followed by in vivo evaluation using xenograft models of DDEC-1 and DDEC-2. RESULTS Drug screen in 3D models identified multiple cardiac glycosides including digoxin and digitoxin as candidate drugs in both DDEC-1 and DDEC-2. Subsequent in vitro dose-response analyses confirmed the inhibitory activity of digoxin and digitoxin with both drugs showing lower IC50 in DDEC cells compared to non-DDEC endometrial cancer cells. In in vivo xenograft models, digoxin significantly suppressed the growth of DDEC tumors at clinically relevant serum concentrations. CONCLUSION Using biologically precise preclinical models of DDEC derived from patient tumor samples, our study identified digoxin as an effective drug in suppressing DDEC tumor growth. These findings provide compelling preclinical evidence for the use of digoxin as systemic therapy for SWI/SNF-inactivated DDEC, which may also be applicable to other SWI/SNF-inactivated tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Praveen Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - DuPreez Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - James Key
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - He Dong
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Vincent Maranda
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Nelson K Y Wong
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Hannah Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Guihua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carol Ewanowich
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laura Hopkins
- Division of Oncology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lynne M Postovit
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Calgary Laboratory Services and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yangxin Fu
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frederick S Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Franco J Vizeacoumar
- Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mark S Carey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cheng-Han Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Khosroshahi EM, Maghsoudloo M, Fahimi H, Mokhtari K, Entezari M, Peymani M, Hashemi M, Wan R. Determining expression changes of ANO7 and SLC38A4 membrane transporters in colorectal cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34464. [PMID: 39114022 PMCID: PMC11305260 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane transporters are proteins responsible for facilitating the movement of molecules within biological membranes. They play a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by regulating the transport of nutrients, ions, and other molecules into and out of cells. Our aim is to identify biomarkers in colorectal cancer using membrane transporter proteins. We utilized COAD TCGA data for this purpose. Subsequently, we conducted differential gene analysis and feature selection using membrane transporter proteins. Furthermore, we identified two potential genes, including ANO7 and SLC38A4. To validate the expression profiles of ANO7 and SLC38A4, key genes in this context, RT-qPCR was employed on colorectal cancer samples and adjacent normal tissues. Additionally, utilizing GEPIA2, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and cBioPortal, we assessed the status of these genes in various cancers, examining their methylation and mutation patterns. In conclusion, we suggest that ANO7 and SLC38A4 serve as prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Mohandesi Khosroshahi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mazaher Maghsoudloo
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Hossein Fahimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khatere Mokhtari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Runlan Wan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Zhang L, Gu H, Li X, Wang Y, Yao S, Chen X, Zheng L, Yang X, Du Q, An J, Wen G, Zhu J, Jin H, Tuo B. Pathophysiological role of ion channels and transporters in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00782-8. [PMID: 39048663 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has continued to increase annually worldwide, and HCC has become a common cause of cancer-related death. Despite great progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC development, the treatment of HCC remains a considerable challenge. Thus, the survival and prognosis of HCC patients remain extremely poor. In recent years, the role of ion channels in the pathogenesis of diseases has become a hot topic. In normal liver tissue, ion channels and transporters maintain water and electrolyte balance and acid‒base homeostasis. However, dysfunction of these ion channels and transporters can lead to the development and progression of HCC, and thus these ion channels and transporters are expected to become new therapeutic targets. In this review, ion channels and transporters associated with HCC are reviewed, and potential targets for new and effective therapies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Hong Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingyue Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Liming Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingyue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiaxing An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Guorong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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Tejeda-Muñoz N, Azbazdar Y, Sosa EA, Monka J, Wei PS, Binder G, Mei KC, Kurmangaliyev YZ, De Robertis EM. Na,K-ATPase activity promotes macropinocytosis in colon cancer via Wnt signaling. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060269. [PMID: 38713004 PMCID: PMC11139033 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research has shown that membrane trafficking plays an important role in canonical Wnt signaling through sequestration of the β-catenin destruction complex inside multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and lysosomes. In this study, we introduce Ouabain, an inhibitor of the Na,K-ATPase pump that establishes electric potentials across membranes, as a potent inhibitor of Wnt signaling. We find that Na,K-ATPase levels are elevated in advanced colon carcinoma, that this enzyme is elevated in cancer cells with constitutively activated Wnt pathway and is activated by GSK3 inhibitors that increase macropinocytosis. Ouabain blocks macropinocytosis, which is an essential step in Wnt signaling, probably explaining the strong effects of Ouabain on this pathway. In Xenopus embryos, brief Ouabain treatment at the 32-cell stage, critical for the earliest Wnt signal in development-inhibited brains, could be reversed by treatment with Lithium chloride, a Wnt mimic. Inhibiting membrane trafficking may provide a way of targeting Wnt-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nydia Tejeda-Muñoz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1662, USA
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yagmur Azbazdar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1662, USA
| | - Eric A. Sosa
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Julia Monka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1662, USA
| | - Pu-Sheng Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, Johnson City, NY 13790, USA
| | - Grace Binder
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1662, USA
| | - Kuo-Ching Mei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, Johnson City, NY 13790, USA
| | | | - Edward M. De Robertis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1662, USA
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Role of Omics in Migraine Research and Management: A Narrative Review. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5809-5834. [PMID: 35796901 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02930-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Migraine is a neurological disorder defined by episodic attacks of chronic pain associated with nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia. It is known to be a complex disease with several environmental and genetic factors contributing to its susceptibility. Risk factors for migraine include head or neck injury (Arnold, Cephalalgia 38(1):1-211, 2018). Stress and high temperature are known to trigger migraine, while sleep disorders and anxiety are considered to be the comorbid conditions with migraine. Studies have reported various biomarkers, including genetic variants, proteins, and metabolites implicated in migraine's pathophysiology. Using the "omics" approach, which deals with genetics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, more specific biomarkers for various migraine can be identified. On account of its multifactorial nature, migraine is an ideal study model focusing on integrated omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. The current review has been compiled with an aim to focus on the genomic alterations especially involved in the regulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission, cortical excitability, ion channels, solute carrier proteins, or receptors; their expression in migraine patients and also specific proteins and metabolites, including some inflammatory biomarkers that might represent the migraine phenotype at the molecular level. The systems biology approach holds the promise to understand the pathophysiology of the disease at length and also to identify the specific therapeutic targets for novel interventions.
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Xu C, Li Y, Xiao Z, Yang J, Xue M, Jiang N, Meng Y, Liu W, Fan Y, Zhou Y. Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analyses Reveal Gibel Carp Responses to Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 Infection. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1961-1973. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yiqun Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Zidong Xiao
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Mingyang Xue
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
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Role of Na +/K +-ATPase in ischemic stroke: in-depth perspectives from physiology to pharmacology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:395-410. [PMID: 34839371 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) is a large transmembrane protein expressed in all cells. It is well studied for its ion exchanging function, which is indispensable for the maintenance of electrochemical gradients across the plasma membrane and herein neuronal excitability. The widely recognized pump function of NKA closely depends on its unique structure features and conformational changes upon binding of specific ions. Various Na+-dependent secondary transport systems are rigorously controlled by the ionic gradients generated by NKA and are essential for multiple physiological processes. In addition, roles of NKA as a signal transducer have also been unveiled nowadays. Plethora of signaling cascades are defined including Src-Ras-MAPK signaling, IP3R-mediated calcium oscillation, inflammation, and autophagy though most underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Ischemic stroke occurs when the blood flow carrying nutrients and oxygen into the brain is disrupted by blood clots, which is manifested by excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, etc. The protective effect of NKA against ischemic stress is emerging gradually with the application of specific NKA inhibitor. However, NKA-related research is limited due to the opposite effects caused by NKA inhibitor at lower doses. The present review focuses on the recent progression involving different aspects about NKA in cellular homeostasis to present an in-depth understanding of this unique protein. Moreover, essential roles of NKA in ischemic pathology are discussed to provide a platform and bright future for the improvement in clinical research on ischemic stroke.
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Silva CID, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Moraes BPTD, Garcia DG, Burth P. Na/K-ATPase: Their role in cell adhesion and migration in cancer. Biochimie 2021; 185:1-8. [PMID: 33713729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Na/K-ATPase (NKA) is a p-type transmembrane enzyme formed by three different subunits (α, β, and γ gamma). Primarily responsible for transporting sodium and potassium through the cell membrane, it also plays a critical role in intracellular signaling. The activation of diverse intracellular pathways may trigger cell death, survival, or even cell proliferation. Changes in the NKA functions or expression in isoforms subunits impact pathological conditions, such as cancer. The NKA function affects cell adhesion, motility, and migration, which are different in the physiological and pathological states. All enzyme subunits take part in the cell adhesion process, with the β subunit being the most studied. Thus, herein we aim to highlight NKA' central role in cell adhesion, motility, and migration in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ignácio da Silva
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Sinalização Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil; Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratorio de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Portugal Tavares de Moraes
- Laboratorio de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diogo Gomes Garcia
- Laboratório de Neurociências Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Burth
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Sinalização Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil; Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
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Ayogu JI, Odoh AS. Prospects and Therapeutic Applications of Cardiac Glycosides in Cancer Remediation. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:543-553. [PMID: 32786321 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Active metabolites from natural sources are the predominant molecular targets in numerous biological studies owing to their appropriate compatibility with biological systems and desirable selective toxicities. Thus, their potential for therapeutic development could span a broad scope of disease areas, including pathological and neurological dysfunctions. Cardiac glycosides are a unique class of specialized metabolites that have been extensively applied as therapeutic agents for the treatment of numerous heart conditions, and more recently, they have also been explored as probable antitumor agents. They are a class of naturally derived compounds that bind to and inhibit Na+/K+-ATPase. This study presents cardiac glycosides and their analogues with highlights on their applications, challenges, and prospects as lead compounds for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude I. Ayogu
- Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Science, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Amaechi S. Odoh
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Comprehensive analysis of the expression of sodium/potassium-ATPase α subunits and prognosis of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:309. [PMID: 32684846 PMCID: PMC7362554 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OSC) is the most common and lethal gynecological cancer in women worldwide; however, biomarkers to diagnose and predict prognosis of OSC remain limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether sodium/potassium adenosine triphosphate (Na+/K+-ATP)ase α-subunits (ATP1As) are helpful diagnostic and prognostic markers of OSC. Methods Gene expression data (RNA-Seq) of 376 patients with OSC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program database. Additional databases used in our analysis included the Gene Expression Omnibus, International Cancer Genome Consortium, Genotype-Tissue Expression, the Human Protein Atlas, cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics, and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. Results The expression levels of ATP1A1 and ATP1A3 were higher in OSC tissues than in normal ovarian tissues, whereas the expression levels of ATP1A2 and ATP1A4 were lower in OSC tissues than in normal ovarian tissues. Overexpression of ATP1A2 was significantly associated with a higher Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage and histological grade. Increased mRNA expression of ATP1A3 was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in patients with OSC, whereas higher expression of ATP1A4 was associated with favorable OS and DSS. Multivariate analysis showed that primary therapy outcome, residual tumor, and mRNA expressions of ATP1A3 and ATP1A4 were independent prognostic factors for both OS and DSS in patients with OSC. Moreover, ATP1A1 staining was abundant in tumor tissues. A high expression of ATP1A3 was significantly correlated with poor OS and DSS in the subgroup of patients aged ≥ 60 years and with FIGO stage III, histological grade G3, and TP53 mutation. Mutation frequencies of the ATP1As were 3–5%. Conclusions These results indicate that the ATP1A gene family could be potential diagnostic or prognostic markers of OSC. In addition, ATP1As may be effective therapeutic targets in the treatment of OSC.
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Raudenska M, Balvan J, Fojtu M, Gumulec J, Masarik M. Unexpected therapeutic effects of cisplatin. Metallomics 2020; 11:1182-1199. [PMID: 31098602 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00049f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent that is clinically approved to fight both carcinomas and sarcomas. It has relatively high efficiency in treating ovarian cancers and metastatic testicular cancers. It is generally accepted that the major mechanism of cisplatin anti-cancer action is DNA damage. However, cisplatin is also effective in metastatic cancers and should, therefore, affect slow-cycling cancer stem cells in some way. In this review, we focused on the alternative effects of cisplatin that can support a good therapeutic response. First, attention was paid to the effects of cisplatin at the cellular level such as changes in intracellular pH and cellular mechanical properties. Alternative cellular targets of cisplatin, and the effects of cisplatin on cancer cell metabolism and ER stress were also discussed. Furthermore, the impacts of cisplatin on the tumor microenvironment and in the whole organism context were reviewed. In this review, we try to reveal possible causes of the unexpected effectiveness of this anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Raudenska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Balvan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic. and Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic and Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Fojtu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic. and Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic and Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic. and Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic and BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, CZ-252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
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Jin X, Wang J, Zou S, Xu R, Cao J, Zhang Y, Guo J, Wen X, Deng S, Zheng Y, Zhu Y, Wang F, Xu Z. Cinobufagin Triggers Defects in Spindle Formation and Cap-Dependent Translation in Liver Cancer Cells by Inhibiting the AURKA-mTOR-eIF4E Axis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:651-678. [PMID: 32349518 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cinobufagin is a Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) inhibitor with excellent anticancer effects to prolong the survival of patients. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the underlying mechanism of the anticancer effects of cinobufagin using overexpression or inhibition of aurora kinase A (AURKA) signaling. First, high expression of Na+/K+-ATPase alpha 1 subunit (ATP1A1) and AURAK resulted in increased malignant transformation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients using the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data and tissue samples. After treatment with cinobufagin, we successfully screened 202, 249, and 335 changing expression proteins in Huh-7 cells under normal, overexpression, and inhibition of AURKA using tandem mass tags (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomics coupled to 2D liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these molecules were closely associated with chromosome segregation, DNA damage, and regulation of translation processes. We further confirmed that cinobufagin induced DNA damage and chromosome segregation disorders and suppresses translational processing in oncogenes by decreasing the expression of AURKA, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR), p-mTOR, p-extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), and p-eIF4E, while increasing the expression of p-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) (S65, T37, T46, T45) and increasing the interaction between eIF4 and 4E-BP1. Our results suggested that cinobufagin performed an antitumor effects in liver cancer cells by inhibiting the AURKA-mTOR-eIF4E axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Jin
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin City 300309, P. R. China
| | - Jiabao Wang
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin City 300309, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Zou
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin City 300309, P. R. China
| | - Ruicheng Xu
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin City 300309, P. R. China
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin City 300170, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin City 300309, P. R. China
| | - Jia Guo
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin City 300309, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochang Wen
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin City 300309, P. R. China
| | - Sanmin Deng
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin City 300309, P. R. China
| | - Yupiao Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin City 300170, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vessels and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin City 300350, P. R. China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin City 300170, P. R. China
| | - Zhongwei Xu
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin City 300309, P. R. China
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An outlined review for the role of Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2 in lung disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109983. [PMID: 32092816 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2) is a member of the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase family. It has been shown to mediate numerous pathophysiological processes, including the regulation of synaptic plasticity and Wnt-associated signaling, via promoting the ubiquitination of its substrates, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-response element binding protein regulated transcription coactivator 3 (CRTC3), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazo-lepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR), and Dishevelled2 (Dvl2). In the respiratory system, both Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2 are expressed in epithelial cells and functionally associated with lung cancer development and alveolar fluid regulation. Nedd4-1 mediates lung cancer migration, metastasis, or drug resistance mainly through inducing phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromsome ten (PTEN) degradation or promoting cathepsin B secretion. Unlike Nedd4-1, Nedd4-2 displays more complex effects in lung cancers. On one hand it suppresses lung cancer cell migration and metastasis, and on the other hand it has been shown to promote lung cancer survival via inducing general control nonrepressed 2 (GCN2) degradation. Another important function of Nedd4-2 is to regulate the activity of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), a membrane channel which mediates the clearance of fluid from the alveolar space at birth or during pulmonary edema. Here, we make an outlined review for the expression and function of Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2 in the respiratory system in hope of getting an in-depth insight into their roles in lung disorders.
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Ibrahim AY, Youness ER, Mahmoud MG, Asker MS, El-Newary SA. Acidic Exopolysaccharide Produced from Marine Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 3MS 2017 for the Protection and Treatment of Breast Cancer. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2020; 14:1178223420902075. [PMID: 32047357 PMCID: PMC6984436 DOI: 10.1177/1178223420902075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was planned to investigate the anti-breast-cancer property of acidic exopolysaccharide produced from marine Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 3MS 2017 (BAEPS) in an animal model, which previously showed in-vitro anti-breast-cancer activity, by studying its potential participation in various targeted mechanisms. METHODS Mammary carcinoma in female Sprague-Dawley rats, both in prophylactic and in curative designs, was chemically induced using 7,12-dimethylebenz-(a)-anthracene (DMBA). B. amyloliquefaciens 3MS 2017 anti-breast-cancer property was evaluated by studying its effects on cancer-growth-rate-limiting enzymes (aromatase and Na+/K+ ATPase), sexual hormones (estrogen and progesterone), antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers (cyclooxygenase-1; COX-1 and cyclooxygenase-2; COX-2). The incidence of breast cancer by DMBA was dependent on the level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and aromatase. RESULTS 7,12-Dimethylebenz-(a)-anthracene female rats were characterized by a significant increase in cancer-related biomarkers with an increase of oxidative stress biomarkers, in comparison with the negative control. Potent BAEPS anticancer activity on DMBA rats was exhibited either as a prophylactic or as a curative agent, which appeared via restoring the aromatase and Na+/K+ ATPase subunits levels and CEA close to the normal level. Besides, BAEPS modulated a sexual hormone, in comparison with the cancer control group (P ⩽ .05). B. amyloliquefaciens 3MS 2017 selectively inhibited COX-2 in parallel with promising antioxidant properties. The curative characters of BAEPS were more promising than the prophylactic. CONCLUSION The anti-breast-cancer characters accompanied with a good safety margin may be attributed to its inhibitory effect on cancer-growth-rate-limiting enzymes, estrogen production, COX-2 level and lipid peroxidation, concurrent with enhancing COX-1 level, progesterone production, and antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Y Ibrahim
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman R Youness
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal G Mahmoud
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohsen S Asker
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samah A El-Newary
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Influence of Endogenous Cardiac Glycosides, Digoxin, and Marinobufagenin in the Physiology of Epithelial Cells. Cardiol Res Pract 2019; 2019:8646787. [PMID: 32089875 PMCID: PMC7024086 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8646787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides are a group of compounds widely known for their action in cardiac tissue, some of which have been found to be endogenously produced (ECG). We have previously studied the effect of ouabain, an endogenous cardiac glycoside, on the physiology of epithelial cells, and we have shown that in concentrations in the nanomolar range, it affects key properties of epithelial cells, such as tight junction, apical basolateral polarization, gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), and adherent junctions. In this work, we study the influence of digoxin and marinobufagenin, two other endogenously expressed cardiac glycosides, on GJIC as well as the degree of transepithelial tightness due to tight junction integrity (TJ). We evaluated GJIC by dye transfer assays and tight junction integrity by transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) measurements, as well as immunohistochemistry and western blot assays of expression of claudins 2 and 4. We found that both digoxin and marinobufagenin improve GJIC and significantly enhance the tightness of the tight junctions, as evaluated from TER measurements. Immunofluorescence assays show that both compounds promote enhanced basolateral localization of claudin-4 but not claudin 2, while densitometric analysis of western blot assays indicate a significantly increased expression of claudin 4. These changes, induced by digoxin and marinobufagenin on GJIC and TER, were not observed on MDCK-R, a modified MDCK cell line that has a genetically induced insensitive α1 subunit, indicating that Na-K-ATPase acts as a receptor mediating the actions of both ECG. Plus, the fact that the effect of both cardiac glycosides was suppressed by incubation with PP2, an inhibitor of c-Src kinase, PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen extracellular kinase-1 and Y-27632, a selective inhibitor of ROCK, and a Rho-associated protein kinase, indicate altogether that the signaling pathways involved include c-Src and ERK1/2, as well as Rho-ROCK. These results widen and strengthen our general hypothesis that a very important physiological role of ECG is the control of the epithelial phenotype and the regulation of cell-cell contacts.
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Michalak K, Rárová L, Kubala M, Čechová P, Strnad M, Wicha J. Synthesis and evaluation of cytotoxic and Na+/K+-ATP-ase inhibitory activity of selected 5α-oleandrigenin derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:417-429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Fan JH, Hu YJ, Guo Q, Li S, Zhao J, Li CC. Asymmetric synthesis of the tetracyclic core of bufogargarizin C by an intramolecular [5 + 2] cycloaddition. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01089g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A concise asymmetric synthesis of the synthetically challenging 7/5/6/5-tetracyclic core of bufogargarizin C by a unique intramolecular [5 + 2] cycloaddition was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Fan
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau
- China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry
| | - Ya-Jian Hu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau
- China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry
| | - Qiang Guo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Shaoping Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau
- China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau
- China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
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18
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Long-circulating and fusogenic liposomes loaded with a glucoevatromonoside derivative induce potent antitumor response. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1152-1161. [PMID: 30372816 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an important public health problem, being one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Most antineoplastic agents cause severe toxic effects and some types of cancer do not respond or are resistant to the existing pharmacotherapy, necessitating the research and development of new therapeutic strategies. Cardenolides have shown significant antitumor activity due to their ability to inhibit the Na+K+ATPase enzyme, and the expression of this enzyme is increased in tumor cells. Glucoevatromonoside containing peracetylated glucose hydroxyl groups (GEVPG) is a cardenolide derivative that has low solubility in aqueous media, which constitutes a barrier to its potential biological applications. In this context, the use of liposomes represents a promising strategy to deliver GEVPG, thus allowing its intravenous administration. In this study, long-circulating and fusogenic liposomes containing GEVPG (SpHL-GEVPG) were developed, and their chemical and physicochemical properties were evaluated. SpHL-GEVPG presented adequate properties, including a mean diameter of 182.2 ± 2.7 nm, a polydispersity index equal to 0.36 ± 0.03, a zeta potential of -2.37 ± 0.31 mV, and a GEVPG entrapment of 0.38 ± 0.04 mg/mL. Moreover, this formulation showed a good stability after having been stored for 30 days at 4 °C. The cytotoxic studies against breast (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and SKBR-3) and lung (A549) cancer cell lines demonstrated that SpHL-GEVPG treatment significantly reduced the cell viability. In addition, the SpHL-GEVPG formulation presented a good selectivity toward these cancer cells. The evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment with SpHL-GEVPG showed a potent anticancer effect in an A549 human lung cancer xenograft model. SpHL-GEVPG administered at doses of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg (i.v.) induced antitumor effect comparable to paclitaxel given at dose of 10 mg/kg (i.v.) to mice. Therefore, the results of the present work indicate the potential applicability of SpHL-GEVPG as a new anticancer formulation.
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19
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Characterizing functional consequences of DNA copy number alterations in breast and ovarian tumors by spaceMap. J Genet Genomics 2018; 45:361-371. [PMID: 30057342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel conditional graphical model - spaceMap - to construct gene regulatory networks from multiple types of high dimensional omic profiles. A motivating application is to characterize the perturbation of DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) on downstream protein levels in tumors. Through a penalized multivariate regression framework, spaceMap jointly models high dimensional protein levels as responses and high dimensional CNAs as predictors. In this setup, spaceMap infers an undirected network among proteins together with a directed network encoding how CNAs perturb the protein network. spaceMap can be applied to learn other types of regulatory relationships from high dimensional molecular profiles, especially those exhibiting hub structures. Simulation studies show spaceMap has greater power in detecting regulatory relationships over competing methods. Additionally, spaceMap includes a network analysis toolkit for biological interpretation of inferred networks. We applies spaceMap to the CNAs, gene expression and proteomics data sets from CPTAC-TCGA breast (n=77) and ovarian (n=174) cancer studies. Each cancer exhibits disruption of 'ion transmembrane transport' and 'regulation from RNA polymerase II promoter' by CNA events unique to each cancer. Moreover, using protein levels as a response yields a more functionally-enriched network than using RNA expressions in both cancer types. The network results also help to pinpoint crucial cancer genes and provide insights on the functional consequences of important CNA in breast and ovarian cancers. The R package spaceMap - including vignettes and documentation - is hosted on https://topherconley.github.io/spacemap.
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Vujačić Nikezić AV, Janjić GV, BondŽić AM, Zarić BL, Vasić-Anićijević DD, Momić TG, Vasić VM. Interaction of Au(iii) and Pt(ii) complexes with Na/K-ATPase: experimental and theoretical study of reaction stoichiometry and binding sites. Metallomics 2018; 10:1003-1015. [PMID: 29978878 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00111a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present paper deals with investigation of the interaction between selected simple structure Au(iii) ([AuCl4]-, [AuCl2(dmso)2]+, [AuCl2(bipy)]+) and Pt(ii) ([PtCl2(dmso)2]) complexes with Na/K-ATPase as the target enzyme, using an experimental and theoretical approach. Reaction stoichiometries and binding constants for these enzyme/complex systems were determined, while kinetic measurements were used in order to reveal the type of inhibition. Based on the results obtained by quantum mechanical calculations (electrostatic surface potential (ESP), volume and surface of the complexes) the nature of the investigated complexes was characterized. By using the solvent accessible surface area (SASA) applied on specific inhibitory sites (ion channel and intracellular domains) the nature of these sites was described. Docking studies were used to determine the theoretical probability of the non-covalent metal binding site positions. Inhibition studies implied that all the investigated complexes decreased the activity of the enzyme while the kinetic analysis indicated an uncompetitive mode of inhibition for the selected complexes. Docking results suggested that the main inhibitory site of all these complexes is located in the ion translocation pathway on the extracellular side in the E2P enzyme conformation, similar to the case of cardiac glycosides, specific Na/K-ATPase inhibitors. Also, based on our knowledge, the hydrolyzed forms of [AuCl4]- and [PtCl2(dmso)2] complexes were investigated for the first time by theoretical calculations in this paper. Thereby, a new inhibitory site situated between the M2 and M4 helices was revealed. Binding in this site induces conformational changes in the enzyme domains and perturbs the E1-E2P conformational equilibrium, causing enzyme inhibition.
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21
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Effect of polygodial and its direct derivatives on the mammalian Na +/K +-ATPase activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 831:1-8. [PMID: 29715454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The sesquiterpene polygodial is an agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Our group recently reported the synthesis and anticancer effects of polygodial and its derivatives, and showed that these compounds retain activity against apoptosis- and multidrug-resistant cancer cells. Herein, we tested the inhibitory effect of these compounds on the activity of the enzyme Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) from kidney (α1 isoform) and brain (α2 and α3 isoforms) guinea pig extracts. Polygodial (1) displayed a dose-dependent inhibition of both kidney and brain purified NKA preparations, with higher sensitivity for the cerebral isoforms. Polygo-11,12-diol (2) and C11,C12-pyridazine derivative (3) proved to be poor inhibitors. Unsaturated ester (4) and 9-epipolygodial (5) inhibited NKA preparations from brain and kidney, with the same inhibitory potency. Nevertheless, they did not achieve maximum inhibition even at higher concentration. Comparing the inhibitory potency in crude homogenates and purified preparations of NKA, compounds 4 and 5 revealed a degree of selectivity toward the renal enzyme. Kinetic studies showed a non-competitive inhibition for Na+ and K+ by compounds 1, 4 and 5 and for ATP by 1 and 4. However, compound 5 presented a competitive inhibition type. Furthermore, K+-activated p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity of these purified preparations was not inhibited by 1, 4 and 5, suggesting that these compounds acted in the initial phase of the enzyme's catalytic cycle. These findings suggest that the antitumor action of polygodial and its analogues may be linked to their NKA inhibitory properties and reinforce that NKA may be an important target for cancer therapy.
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Huang H, Zhang W. Bufalin induced apoptosis of bladder carcinoma cells through the inactivation of Na+K+-ATPase. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3826-3832. [PMID: 30127995 PMCID: PMC6096233 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bufalin has been demonstrated to possess a wide range of pharmacological effects. Among these is its antitumour effect, which has been confirmed in multiple organs or tissues and provoked many concerns. However, its cytostatic effect and underlying mechanism in bladder cancer has not thoroughly been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that Bufalin induces cell apoptosis and inhibits cell growth in bladder cancer through the inactivation of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA). In the current study, it was demonstrated that Bufalin remarkably inhibited cell viability and induced cell apoptosis in bladder cancer cell line T24. Subsequently, we found that the expression of NKA was significantly supressed in Bufalin-treated cells and the NKA-α3 isoform was most sensitive to Bufalin among all α subunits of NKA. By transfection with NKA-α3 overexpressing plasmids, the expression of the NKA-α3 subunit was upregulated and NKA-α3 overexpression was found to markedly attenuated Bufalin-induced cell apoptosis in T24 cells, suggesting NKA-α3 played a critical role in Bufalin-induced cell apoptosis. Taken together, the present study confirmed that Bufalin promotes tumour apoptosis and inhibits tumour growth in bladder cancer in vitro, and this antitumour effect may be ascribed to the inactivation of NKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houbao Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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23
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The isoform A of reticulon-4 (Nogo-A) in cerebrospinal fluid of primary brain tumor patients: influencing factors. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25048-25056. [PMID: 29861852 PMCID: PMC5982740 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The influence of isoform A of reticulon-4 (Nogo-A), also known as neurite outgrowth inhibitor, on primary brain tumor development was reported. Therefore the aim was the evaluation of Nogo-A concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of brain tumor patients compared with non-tumoral individuals. Results All serum results, except for two cases, obtained both in brain tumors and non-tumoral individuals, were below the lower limit of ELISA detection. Cerebrospinal fluid Nogo-A concentrations were significantly lower in primary brain tumor patients compared to non-tumoral individuals. The univariate linear regression analysis found that if white blood cell count increases by 1 × 103/μL, the mean cerebrospinal fluid Nogo-A concentration value decreases 1.12 times. In the model of multiple linear regression analysis predictor variables influencing cerebrospinal fluid Nogo-A concentrations included: diagnosis, sex, and sodium level. The mean cerebrospinal fluid Nogo-A concentration value was 1.9 times higher for women in comparison to men. In the astrocytic brain tumor group higher sodium level occurs with lower cerebrospinal fluid Nogo-A concentrations. We found the opposite situation in non-tumoral individuals. Conclusions Univariate linear regression analysis revealed, that cerebrospinal fluid Nogo-A concentrations change in relation to white blood cell count. In the created model of multiple linear regression analysis we found, that within predictor variables influencing CSF Nogo-A concentrations were diagnosis, sex, and sodium level. Results may be relevant to the search for cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in primary brain tumor patients. Materials and methods Nogo-A concentrations were tested by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
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Bondžić AM, Janjić GV, Dramićanin MD, Messori L, Massai L, Parac Vogt TN, Vasić VM. Na/K-ATPase as a target for anticancer metal based drugs: insights into molecular interactions with selected gold(iii) complexes. Metallomics 2017; 9:292-300. [PMID: 28181616 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00017k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Na/K-ATPase is emerging as an important target for a variety of anticancer metal-based drugs. The interactions of Na/K-ATPase (in its E1 state) with three representative and structurally related cytotoxic gold(iii) complexes, i.e. [Au(bipy)(OH)2][PF6], bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine; [Au(pydmb-H)(CH3COO)2], pydmb-H = deprotonated 6-(1,1-dimethylbenzyl)-pyridine and [Au(bipydmb-H)(OH)][PF6], bipyc-H = deprotonated 6-(1,1-dimethylbenzyl)-2,2'-bipyridine, are investigated here in depth using a variety of spectroscopic methods, in combination with docking studies. Detailed information is gained on the conformational and structural changes experienced by the enzyme upon binding of these gold(iii) complexes. The quenching constants of intrinsic enzyme fluorescence, the fraction of Trp residues accessible to gold(iii) complexes and the reaction stoichiometries were determined in various cases. Specific hypotheses are made concerning the binding mode of these gold(iii) complexes to the enzyme and the likely binding sites. Differences in their binding behaviour toward Na/K-ATPase are explained on the ground of their distinctive structural features. The present results offer further support to the view that Na/K-ATPase may be a relevant biomolecular target for cytotoxic gold(iii) compounds of medicinal interest and may thus be involved in their overall mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Bondžić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Goran V Janjić
- Institute of Chemistry, Metallurgy and Technology, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva Street 12, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Miroslav D Dramićanin
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Luigi Messori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.
| | - Lara Massai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.
| | | | - Vesna M Vasić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
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Bondžić AM, Čolović MB, Janjić GV, Zarić B, Petrović S, Krstić DZ, Marzo T, Messori L, Vasić VM. The influence of oxo-bridged binuclear gold(III) complexes on Na/K-ATPase activity: a joint experimental and theoretical approach. J Biol Inorg Chem 2017; 22:819-832. [PMID: 28432453 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro effects of oxo-bridged binuclear gold(III) complexes, i.e., [(bipy2Me)2Au2(μ-O)2][PF6]2 (Auoxo6), Au2[(bipydmb-H)2(μ-O)][PF6] (Au2bipyC) and [Au2(phen2Me)2(μ-O)2](PF6)2 (Au2phen) on Na/K-ATPase, purified from the porcine cerebral cortex, were investigated. All three studied gold complexes inhibited the enzyme activity in a concentration-dependent manner achieving IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Kinetic analysis suggested an uncompetitive mode of inhibition for Auoxo6 and Au2bipyC, and a mixed type one for Au2phen. Docking studies indicated that the inhibitory actions of all tested complexes are related to E2-P enzyme conformation binding to ion channel and intracellular part between N and P sub-domain. In addition, Au2phen was able to inhibit the enzyme by interacting with its extracellular part as well. Toxic effects of the gold(III) complexes were evaluated in vitro by following lactate dehydrogenase activity in rat brain synaptosomes and incidence of micronuclei and cytokinesis-block proliferation index in cultivated human lymphocytes. All investigated complexes turned out to induce cytogenetic damage consisting of a significant decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in micronuclei in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, lactate dehydrogenase activity, an indicator of membrane integrity/viability, was not affected by Auoxo6 and Au2bipyC, while Au2phen slightly modified its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Bondžić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11 001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana B Čolović
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11 001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran V Janjić
- Institute of Chemistry, Metallurgy and Technology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Božidarka Zarić
- Institute of Chemistry, Metallurgy and Technology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Petrović
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11 001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Z Krstić
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Višegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tiziano Marzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Vesna M Vasić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11 001, Belgrade, Serbia.
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26
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Na/K Pump and Beyond: Na/K-ATPase as a Modulator of Apoptosis and Autophagy. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040578. [PMID: 28430151 PMCID: PMC6154632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of global cancer deaths. Na/K-ATPase has been studied as a target for cancer treatment. Cardiotonic steroids (CS) trigger intracellular signalling upon binding to Na/K-ATPase. Normal lung and tumour cells frequently express different pump isoforms. Thus, Na/K-ATPase is a powerful target for lung cancer treatment. Drugs targeting Na/K-ATPase may induce apoptosis and autophagy in transformed cells. We argue that Na/K-ATPase has a role as a potential target in chemotherapy in lung cancer treatment. We discuss the effects of Na/K-ATPase ligands and molecular pathways inducing deleterious effects on lung cancer cells, especially those leading to apoptosis and autophagy.
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the first in incidence and the second in death among all solid tumors occurring in women. The identification of molecular genetic abnormalities in breast cancer is important to improve the results of treatment. In the present study, we analyzed microarray data of breast cancer expression profiling (NCBI GEO database, accession
GSE65194), focusing on Na
+/K
+-ATPase coding genes. We found overexpression of the
ATP1A1 and down-regulation of the
ATP1A2. We expect that our research could help to improve the understanding of predictive and prognostic features of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Bogdanov
- St Petersburg Academic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Practical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care (Oncologic), St-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.,The Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russian Federation
| | - Fedor Moiseenko
- St Petersburg Academic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Practical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care (Oncologic), St-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Michael Dubina
- St Petersburg Academic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Practical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care (Oncologic), St-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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28
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Hreniukh V, Bychkova S, Kulachkovsky O, Babsky A. Effect of bafilomycin and NAADP on membrane-associated ATPases and respiration of isolated mitochondria of the murine Nemeth-Kellner lymphoma. Cell Biochem Funct 2016; 34:579-587. [PMID: 27862060 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to estimate the effect of a selective V-type H+ -ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) on energetic processes in NK/Ly cell by directly measuring the respiration of isolated mitochondria and ATPase activities. NAADP (7 μM) increased the activity of Na+ /K+ -ATPase in the postmitochondrial fraction of NK/Ly cells, but lower concentration of NAADP decreased it (0.1 and 1 μM). The increase the activity of plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) under NAADP application (1 and 7 μM) was observed. However, NAADP (1 μM) decreased activities of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) and basal Mg2+ -ATPase. Bafilomycin A1 (1 μM) increased the activity of Na+ /K+ -ATPase and potentiated the effect of NAADP (1 μM) on this pump. At the same time, bafilomycin A1 (1 μM) completely prevented all effects of NAADP (1 μM) on activities of PMCA, SERCA, and basal Mg2+ -ATPase, confirming that these effects are dependent on acidic stores. Bafilomycin A1 or NAADP decreased respiratory and oxidative phosphorylation rates in NK/Ly mitochondria when α-ketoglutarate was used as substrate in contrast to succinate. Thus, α-ketoglutarate oxidation is more sensitive to bafilomycin A1 and NAADP influences compared with succinate oxidation. However, bafilomycin A1 + NAADP and any of these compounds separately lead to full uncoupling of mitochondria after ADP addition irrespectively to substrate used. Bafilomycin A1 affects isolated tumor mitochondria more effectively in combination with NAADP. Bafilomycin and NAADP alter some membrane-associated ATPases and inhibit respiration in mitochondria of the Nemeth-Kellner lymphoma. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH PARAGRAPH Bafilomycin A1 potentiates the effect of NAADP by inhibiting the mitochondrial energetic process in lymphoma cells and activity of Na+ /K+ -ATPase. The obtained data show promising possibility to use bafilomycin A1 and NAADP as chemotherapeutic agents for lymphoma cells treatment. This is important because lymphomas are seventh most common form of cancer. Today the lymphoma mortality is 15% to 30%, whereas the effectiveness of malignant neoplasms treatment is less than 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hreniukh
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 4, Hrushevskyi St., Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - S Bychkova
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 4, Hrushevskyi St., Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - O Kulachkovsky
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 4, Hrushevskyi St., Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - A Babsky
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 4, Hrushevskyi St., Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
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29
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Iamshanova O, Mariot P, Lehen'kyi V, Prevarskaya N. Comparison of fluorescence probes for intracellular sodium imaging in prostate cancer cell lines. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 45:765-777. [PMID: 27660079 PMCID: PMC5045488 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sodium (Na+) ions are known to regulate many signaling pathways involved in both physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, alterations in intracellular concentrations of Na+ and corresponding changes in membrane potential are known to be major actors of cancer progression to metastatic phenotype. Though the functionality of Na+ channels and the corresponding Na+ currents can be investigated using the patch-clamp technique, the latter is rather invasive and a technically difficult method to study intracellular Na+ transients compared to Na+ fluorescence imaging. Despite the fact that Na+ signaling is considered an important controller of cancer progression, only few data using Na+ imaging approaches are available so far, suggesting the persisting challenge within the scientific community. In this study, we describe in detail the approach for application of Na+ imaging technique to measure intracellular Na+ variations in human prostate cancer cells. Accordingly, we used three Na+-specific fluorescent dyes-Na+-binding benzofuran isophthalate (SBFI), CoroNa™ Green (Corona) and Asante NaTRIUM Green-2 (ANG-2). These dyes have been assessed for optimal loading conditions, dissociation constant and working range after different calibration methods, and intracellular Na+ sensitivity, in order to determine which probe can be considered as the most reliable to visualize Na+ fluctuations in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Iamshanova
- Inserm U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, SIRIC ONCOLille, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59656, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Pascal Mariot
- Inserm U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, SIRIC ONCOLille, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59656, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - V'yacheslav Lehen'kyi
- Inserm U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, SIRIC ONCOLille, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59656, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Natalia Prevarskaya
- Inserm U1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, SIRIC ONCOLille, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59656, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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30
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Mohamed NH, Liu M, Abdel-Mageed WM, Alwahibi LH, Dai H, Ismail MA, Badr G, Quinn RJ, Liu X, Zhang L, Shoreit AAM. Cytotoxic cardenolides from the latex of Calotropis procera. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4615-20. [PMID: 26323871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Three new cardenolides (3, 9 and 10), along with eight known ones, were isolated from the latex of Calotropis procera. The structural determination was accomplished by the 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra as well as HRESIMS analysis. The growth inhibitory activity of the latex and its sub-fractions as well as isolated compounds was evaluated against human A549 and Hela cell lines. The results exhibited that latex had strong growth inhibitory activity with IC50s of (3.37 μM, A-549) and (6.45 μM, Hela). Among the four extracts (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous), chloroform extract displayed the highest potential cytotoxic activity, with IC50s of (0.985 μM, A-549) and (1.471 μM, Hela). All the isolated compounds displayed various degrees of cytotoxic activity and the highest activity was observed by calactin (1) with IC50s values of (0.036 μM, A-549) and (0.083 μM, Hela). None of these isolated compounds exhibited good antimicrobial activity evaluated by determination of their MICs using the broth microdilution method against various infectious pathogens. The structure-activity relationships for cytotoxic activity were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia H Mohamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Samtah, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Wael M Abdel-Mageed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Lamya H Alwahibi
- Chemistry Department, Science College, Princess Nora Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huanqin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mady Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Gamal Badr
- Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ronald J Quinn
- Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Xueting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Ahmed A M Shoreit
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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31
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Garcia DG, de Castro-Faria-Neto HC, da Silva CI, de Souza e Souza KFC, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Silva AR, de Amorim LMDF, Freire AS, Santelli RE, Diniz LP, Gomes FCA, Faria MVDC, Burth P. Na/K-ATPase as a target for anticancer drugs: studies with perillyl alcohol. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:105. [PMID: 25976744 PMCID: PMC4432499 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Na/K-ATPase (NKA) is inhibited by perillyl alcohol (POH), a monoterpene used in the treatment of tumors, including brain tumors. The NKA α1 subunit is known to be superexpressed in glioblastoma cells (GBM). This isoform is embedded in caveolar structures and is probably responsible for the signaling properties of NKA during apoptosis. In this work, we showed that POH acts in signaling cascades associated with NKA that control cell proliferation and/or cellular death. Methods NKA activity was measured by the amount of non-radioactive Rb+ incorporation into cultured GBM cell lines (U87 and U251) and non-tumor cells (mouse astrocytes and VERO cells). Cell viability was measured by lactate dehydrogenase levels in the supernatants of POH-treated cells. Activated c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) and p38 were assessed by western blotting. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry, and the release of interleukins was measured by ELISA. Results All four cell types tested showed a similar sensitivity for POH. Perillic acid (PA), the main metabolite of POH, did not show any effect on these cells. Though the cell viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner when cells were treated with POH, the maximum cytotoxic effect of PA obtained was 30% at 4 mM. 1.5 mM POH activated p38 in U87 cells and JNK in both U87 and U251 cells as well as mouse astrocytes. Dasatinib (an inhibitor of the Src kinase family) and methyl β-cyclodextrin (which promotes cholesterol depletion in cell membranes) reduced the POH-induced activation of JNK1/2 in U87 cells, indicating that the NKA-Src complex participates in this mechanism. Inhibition of JNK1/2 by the JNK inhibitor V reduced the apoptosis of GBM cells that resulted from POH administration, indicating the involvement of JNK1/2 in programmed cell death. 1.5 mM POH increased the production of interleukin IL-8 in the U251 cell supernatant, which may indicate a possible strategy by which cells avoid the cytotoxic effects of POH. Conclusions A signaling mechanism mediated by NKA may have an important role in the anti-tumor action of POH in GBM cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0374-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Gomes Garcia
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Camila Ignácio da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Adriana Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Lidia Maria da Fonte de Amorim
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Aline Soares Freire
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Erthal Santelli
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Luan Pereira Diniz
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Mauro Velho de Castro Faria
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Burth
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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32
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Litan A, Langhans SA. Cancer as a channelopathy: ion channels and pumps in tumor development and progression. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:86. [PMID: 25852478 PMCID: PMC4362317 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that ion channels and pumps not only regulate membrane potential, ion homeostasis, and electric signaling in excitable cells but also play important roles in cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and differentiation. Consistent with a role in cell signaling, channel proteins and ion pumps can form macromolecular complexes with growth factors, and cell adhesion and other signaling molecules. And while cancer is still not being cataloged as a channelopathy, as the non-traditional roles of ion pumps and channels are being recognized, it is increasingly being suggested that ion channels and ion pumps contribute to cancer progression. Cancer cell migration requires the regulation of adhesion complexes between migrating cells and surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Cell movement along solid surfaces requires a sequence of cell protrusions and retractions that mainly depend on regulation of the actin cytoskeleton along with contribution of microtubules and molecular motor proteins such as mysoin. This process is triggered and modulated by a combination of environmental signals, which are sensed and integrated by membrane receptors, including integrins and cadherins. Membrane receptors transduce these signals into downstream signaling pathways, often involving the Rho GTPase protein family. These pathways regulate the cytoskeletal rearrangements necessary for proper timing of adhesion, contraction and detachment of cells in order to find their way through extracellular spaces. Migration and adhesion involve continuous modulation of cell motility, shape and volume, in which ion channels and pumps play major roles. Research on cancer cells suggests that certain ion channels may be involved in aberrant tumor growth and channel inhibitors often lead to growth arrest. This review will describe recent research into the role of ion pumps and ion channels in cell migration and adhesion, and how they may contribute to tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Litan
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Sigrid A Langhans
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, DE, USA
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33
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P2C-Type ATPases and Their Regulation. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1343-1354. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9076-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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34
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Ning J, Yu ZL, Hu LH, Wang C, Huo XK, Deng S, Hou J, Wu JJ, Ge GB, Ma XC, Yang L. Characterization of phase I metabolism of resibufogenin and evaluation of the metabolic effects on its antitumor activity and toxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 43:299-308. [PMID: 25504504 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.060996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Resibufogenin (RB), one of the major active compounds of the traditional Chinese medicine Chansu, has displayed great potential as a chemotherapeutic agent in oncology. However, it is a digoxin-like compound that also exhibits extremely cardiotoxic effects. The present study aimed to characterize the metabolic behaviors of RB in humans as well as to evaluate the metabolic effects on its bioactivity and toxicity. The phase I metabolic profile in human liver microsomes was characterized systemically, and the major metabolite was identified as marinobufagenin (5β-hydroxylresibufogenin, 5-HRB) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic imaging techniques. Both cytochrome P450 (P450) reaction phenotyping and inhibition assays using P450-selective chemical inhibitors demonstrated that CYP3A4 was mainly involved in RB 5β-hydroxylation with much higher selectivity than CYP3A5. Kinetic characterization demonstrated that RB 5β-hydroxylation in both human liver microsomes and human recombinant CYP3A4 obeyed biphasic kinetics and displayed similar apparent kinetic parameters. Furthermore, 5-HRB could significantly induce cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in A549 and H1299 by facilitating apoptosome assembly and caspase activation. Meanwhile, 5-HRB displayed very weak cytotoxicity of human embryonic lung fibroblasts, and in mice there was a greater tolerance to acute toxicity. In summary, CYP3A4 dominantly mediated 5β-hydroxylation and was found to be a major metabolic pathway of RB in the human liver, whereas its major metabolite (5-HRB) displayed better druglikeness than its parent compound RB. Our findings lay a solid foundation for RB metabolism studies in humans and encourage further research on the bioactive metabolite of RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ning
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
| | - Zhen-Long Yu
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
| | - Liang-Hai Hu
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
| | - Chao Wang
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
| | - Sa Deng
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
| | - Jie Hou
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
| | - Jing-Jing Wu
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
| | - Ling Yang
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (J.N., Z.-L.Y., C.W., X.-K H., S.D., J.H., X.-C.M.); Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China (L.-H., H); Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (J.N., J.-J.W., G.-B.G., L.Y.); State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (C.W.)
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Chen D, Song M, Mohamad O, Yu SP. Inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase induces hybrid cell death and enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapy in human glioblastoma cells. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:716. [PMID: 25255962 PMCID: PMC4190379 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is very difficult to treat with conventional anti-cancer/anti-apoptotic drugs. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase causes a mixed or hybrid form of concurrent apoptosis and necrosis and therefore should enhance anti-cancer effects of chemotherapy on glioblastoma cells. Methods In human LN229 and drug-resistant T98G glioblastoma cell cultures, cell death and signal pathways were measured using immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. Fluorescent dyes were applied to measure intracellular Ca2+, Na+ and K+ changes. Results The specific Na+/K+-ATPase blocker ouabain (0.1 - 10 μM) induced cell death and disruption of K+ homeostasis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Annexin-V translocation and caspase-3 activation indicated an apoptotic component in ouabain cytoxicity, which was accompanied with reduced Bcl-2 expression and mitochondrial membrane potential. Ouabain-induced cell death was partially attenuated by the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD (100 μM). Consistently, the K+ ionophore valinomycin initiated apoptosis in LN229 cells in a K+ efflux-dependent manner. Ouabain caused an initial cell swell, which was followed by a sustained cell volume decrease. Electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural features of both apoptotic and necrotic alterations in the same cells. Finally, human T98G glioblastoma cells that are resistant to the chemotherapy drug temozolomide (TMZ) showed a unique high expression of the Na+/K+-ATPase α2 and α3 subunits compared to the TMZ-sensitive cell line LN229 and normal human astrocytes. At low concentrations, ouabain selectively killed T98G cells. Knocking down the α3 subunit sensitized T98G cells to TMZ and caused more cell death. Conclusion This study suggests that inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase triggers hybrid cell death and serves as an underlying mechanism for an enhanced chemotherapy effect on glioblastoma cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-716) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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FXYD6: a novel therapeutic target toward hepatocellular carcinoma. Protein Cell 2014; 5:532-43. [PMID: 24715268 PMCID: PMC4085285 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
FXYD6, FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 6, has been reported to affect the activity of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and be associated with mental diseases. Here, we demonstrate that FXYD6 is up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and enhances the migration and proliferation of HCC cells. Up-regulation of FXYD6 not only positively correlates with the increase of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase but also coordinates with the activation of its downstream Src-ERK signaling pathway. More importantly, blocking FXYD6 by its functional antibody significantly inhibits the growth potential of the xenografted HCC tumors in mice, indicating that FXYD6 represents a potential therapeutic target toward HCC. Altogether, our results establish a critical role of FXYD6 in HCC progression and suggest that the therapy targeting FXYD6 can benefit the clinical treatment toward HCC patients.
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Chen X, Sun M, Hu Y, Zhang H, Wang Z, Zhou N, Yan X. FXYD6 is a new biomarker of cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2013; 7:393-398. [PMID: 24396454 PMCID: PMC3881923 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator protein family, including FXYD3 and FXYD5, play an important role in the pathogenesis of numerous tumors. However, the correlation between the expression of FXYD6 and tumors remains poorly understood. In the current study, the expression of FXYD6 was examined immunohistochemically in 72 cholangiocarcinoma tissues and 30 distal normal bile duct tissues matched with the tumors. The results show that the positive expression rate of FXYD6 was significantly higher in cholangiocarcinoma than that in normal bile duct tissue (69 vs. 33.3%; P=0.002). Furthermore, the positive expression rate of FXYD6 in well- and moderately-differentiated cholangiocarcinoma was clearly higher than that in poorly-differentiated and mucinous cholangiocarcinoma (85.7 vs. 40%; P=0.000). However, there was no significant correlation between the expression of FXYD6 and gender (P=0.393), age (P=0.174), histological type (P=0.123), T stage (P=0.164), lymph node metastasis (P=0.343), perineural invasion (P=0.088) and tumor location (P=0.238). The results of this study indicate that FXYD6 may be a new biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma and may be associated with a favorable prognosis in this malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Chen
- Medical College of Soochow University, Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Sun
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of PLA Second Artillery, Beijing 100888, P.R. China
| | - Yazhuo Hu
- Institute of Geriatrics, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Honghong Zhang
- Institute of Geriatrics, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Zhanbo Wang
- Department of Pathology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Ningxin Zhou
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Gastrointestinal Disease, General Hospital of PLA Second Artillery, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Xinyun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
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Xie CM, Liu XY, Yu S, Cheng CHK. Cardiac glycosides block cancer growth through HIF-1α- and NF-κB-mediated Plk1. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1870-80. [PMID: 23615397 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides as inhibitors of the sodium/potassium adenosine triphosphatase (sodium pump) have been reported to block cancer growth by inducing G2/M phase arrest in many cancer cells. However, no detailed studies have been performed to distinguish between these two phases of cardiac glycoside-arrested cells. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms involved in this cell cycle arrest process are still not known. Here, we report that bufalin and other cardiac glycosides potently induce mitotic arrest by the downregulation of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) expression. Live-cell imaging results demonstrate that bufalin-treated cells exhibit a marked delay in entering prophase at an early stage and are then arrested at prometaphase or induced entry into apoptosis. This phenotypic change is attributed to the downregulation of Plk1. We also show that bufalin and the knockdown of sodium pump reduce Plk1, at least in part, through downregulation of the nuclear transcription factors, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). These findings suggest that cardiac glycosides induce mitotic arrest and apoptosis through HIF-1α- and NF-κB-mediated downregulation of Plk1 expression, demonstrating that HIF-1α and NF-κB are critical targets of cardiac glycosides in exerting their anticancer action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Ming Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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Moreno Y Banuls L, Urban E, Gelbcke M, Dufrasne F, Kopp B, Kiss R, Zehl M. Structure-activity relationship analysis of bufadienolide-induced in vitro growth inhibitory effects on mouse and human cancer cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:1078-84. [PMID: 23706005 DOI: 10.1021/np400034d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro growth inhibitory effects of 27 bufadienolides and eight degradation products, with two cardenolides (ouabain and digoxin) chosen as reference compounds, were analyzed by means of an MTT colorimetric assay in six human and two mouse cancer cell lines. A structure-activity analysis was then performed to highlight the most important substituents relating to the in vitro growth inhibitory activity of bufadienolides in cancer cells. Thus, the current study revealed that various bufadienolides, including gamabufotalin rhamnoside (1a), bufotalin (2a), and hellebrin (3a), displayed higher growth inhibitory activities for various human cancer cell lines when compared to ouabain and digoxin. Gamabufotalin rhamnoside (1a) was the only compound that displayed growth inhibitory effects of <1 μM in mouse cancer cells that expressed mutated forms of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase α-1 subunit. In addition, all genins and degradation products displayed weaker (if any) in vitro growth inhibitory effects on cancer cells when compared to their respective glycosylated homologue, with the exception of hellebrigenin (3b), which was as active as hellebrin (3a).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Moreno Y Banuls
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Intrinsic reaction-cycle time scale of Na+,K+-ATPase manifests itself in the lipid-protein interactions of nonequilibrium membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:18442-6. [PMID: 23093677 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1209909109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between integral membrane proteins and the lipid-bilayer component of biological membranes is expected to mutually influence the proteins and the membrane. We present quantitative evidence of a manifestation of the lipid-protein interactions in liposomal membranes, reconstituted with actively pumping Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, in terms of nonequilibrium shape fluctuations that contain a relaxation time, τ, which is robust and independent of the specific fluctuation modes of the membrane. In the case of pumping Na(+)-ions, analysis of the flicker-noise temporal correlation spectrum of the liposomes leads to τ ~/= 0.5 s, comparing favorably with an intrinsic reaction-cycle time of about 0.4 s from enzymology.
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Com E, Clavreul A, Lagarrigue M, Michalak S, Menei P, Pineau C. Quantitative proteomic Isotope-Coded Protein Label (ICPL) analysis reveals alteration of several functional processes in the glioblastoma. J Proteomics 2012; 75:3898-913. [PMID: 22575386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB), the most frequent primary tumor of the central nervous system, remains one of the most lethal human cancers despite intensive researches. Current paradigm in the study of GB has been focused on inter-patient variability and on trying to isolate new classification elements or prognostic factors. Here, using ICPL, a technique for protein relative quantification by mass spectrometry, we investigated protein expression between the four regions of GB on clinically relevant biopsies from 5 patients. We identified 584 non-redundant proteins and 31 proteins were found to be up-regulated in the tumor region compared to the peri-tumoral brain tissue, among which, 24 proteins belong to an interaction network linked to 4 biological processes. The core of this network is mainly constituted of interactions between beta-actin (ACTB) with heat shock proteins (HSP90AA1, HSPA8) and 14-3-3 proteins (YWHAZ, YWHAG, YWHAB). A cluster of three isoforms of the sodium pump α-subunit (ATP1A1, ATP1A2, ATP1A3) was also identified outside this network. The differential expression observed for ACTB and 14-3-3γ was further validated by western blot and/or immunohistochemistry. Our study confirms the identity of previously proposed molecular targets, highlights several functional processes altered in GB such as energy metabolism and synaptic transmission and could thus provide added value to new therapeutic trails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Com
- Proteomics Core Facility Biogenouest, IRSET, Inserm U1085, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes, France
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Zhang L, He M, Zhang Y, Nilubol N, Shen M, Kebebew E. Quantitative high-throughput drug screening identifies novel classes of drugs with anticancer activity in thyroid cancer cells: opportunities for repurposing. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E319-28. [PMID: 22170715 PMCID: PMC3319218 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-2671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite increased understanding of the pathogenesis and targets for thyroid cancer and other cancers, developing a new anticancer chemical agent remains an expensive and long process. An alternative approach is the exploitation of clinically used and/or bioactive compounds. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to identify agents with an anticancer effect in thyroid cancer cell lines using quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS). DESIGN We used the newly assembled National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomic Center's pharmaceutical collection, which contains 2816 clinically approved drugs and bioactive compounds to perform qHTS. RESULTS Multiple agents, across a variety of therapeutic categories and with different modes of action, were found to have an antiproliferative effect. We found the following therapeutic categories were the most enriched categories with antiproliferative activity: cardiotonic and antiobesity agents. Sixteen agents had an efficacy of greater than 60% and a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) in the nanomolar range. We validated the results of the qHTS using two agents (bortezomib and ouabain) in additional cell lines representing different histological subtypes of thyroid cancer and with different mutations (BRAF V600E, RET/PTC1, p53, PTEN). Both agents induced apoptosis, and ouabain also caused cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to use qHTS of a large drug library to identify candidate drugs for anticancer therapy. Our results indicate such a screening approach can lead to the discovery of novel agents in different therapeutic categories and drugs with nonclassic chemotherapy mode of action. Our approach could lead to drug repurposing and accelerate clinical trials of compounds with well-established pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Zhang
- Endocrine Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Research Center, Building 10-CRC, Room 3-3940, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1201, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Abstract
The sodium pump, Na+/K+-ATPase, could be an important target for the development of anticancer drugs as it serves as a versatile signal transducer, plays a key role in cell adhesion and has abnormal expression and activity that are implicated in the development and progression of different cancers. Several publications have reported differing expression of Na+/K+-ATPase α- and β-subunits in malignant tissues compared with their normal tissue counterparts, thus offering a powerful diagnostic tool. A growing number of patent applications claim the invention or discovery of Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitors (e.g., cardiac glycosides) to be used to effectively treat certain cancers that are refractory to conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The aims of this review are to provide an overview of the most significant patents that highlight Na+/K+-ATPase as a valuable target in anticancer therapy and which report on novel Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitors and ligands designed as potential anticancer agents.
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Fridman E, Lichtstein D, Rosen H. Formation of new high density glycogen-microtubule structures is induced by cardiac steroids. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:6518-29. [PMID: 22228762 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.273698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac steroids (CS), an important class of naturally occurring compounds, are synthesized in plants and animals. The only established receptor for CS is the ubiquitous Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, a major plasma membrane transporter. The binding of CS to Na(+),K(+)-ATPase causes the inhibition of Na(+) and K(+) transport and elicits cell-specific activation of several intracellular signaling mechanisms. It is well documented that the interaction of CS with Na(+),K(+)-ATPase is responsible for numerous changes in basic cellular physiological properties, such as electrical plasma membrane potential, cell volume, intracellular [Ca(2+)] and pH, endocytosed membrane traffic, and the transport of other solutes. In the present study we show that CS induces the formation of dark structures adjacent to the nucleus in human NT2 and ACHN cells. These structures, which are not surrounded by membranes, are clusters of glycogen and a distorted microtubule network. Formation of these clusters results from a relocation of glycogen and microtubules in the cells, two processes that are independent of one another. The molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of the clusters are mediated by the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and an additional unknown factor. Similar glycogen clusters are induced by hypoxia, suggesting that the CS-induced structural change, described in this study, may be part of a new type of cellular stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Fridman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Čolović MB, Bajuk-Bogdanović DV, Avramović NS, Holclajtner-Antunović ID, Bošnjaković-Pavlović NS, Vasić VM, Krstić DZ. Inhibition of rat synaptic membrane Na+/K+-ATPase and ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases by 12-tungstosilicic and 12-tungstophosphoric acid. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7063-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xu ZW, Wang FM, Gao MJ, Chen XY, Shan NN, Cheng SX, Mai X, Zala GH, Hu WL, Xu RC. Cardiotonic steroids attenuate ERK phosphorylation and generate cell cycle arrest to block human hepatoma cell growth. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 125:181-91. [PMID: 21215801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies revealed the potential of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase as a target for anticancer therapy and showed additional modes of action of cardiotonic steroids (CSs), a diverse family of naturally derived compounds, as inhibitors of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. The results from epidemiological studies showed significantly lower mortality rates in cancer patients receiving CSs, which sparked interest in the anticancer properties of these drugs. The present study was designed to investigate the anticancer effect of CSs (ouabain or cinobufagin) and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of CS activity in hepatoma cell lines (HepG2 and SMMC-7721). Ouabain and cinobufagin significantly inhibited cell proliferation by attenuating the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and down-regulating the expression of C-myc. These CSs also induced cell apoptosis by increasing the concentration of intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) and induced S phase cell cycle arrest by down-regulating the expression of Cyclin A, cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as well as up-regulating the expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21(CIP1)). Overexpression of ERK reversed the antiproliferation effect of ouabain or cinobufagin in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. Currently, the first generation of CS-based anticancer drugs (UNBS1450 and Anvirzel) are in Phase I clinical trials. These data clearly support their potential use as cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin City 300162, China
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Gasper R, Vandenbussche G, Goormaghtigh E. Ouabain-induced modifications of prostate cancer cell lipidome investigated with mass spectrometry and FTIR spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:597-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Xu ZW, Wang FM, Gao MJ, Chen XY, Hu WL, Xu RC. Targeting the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase alpha1 subunit of hepatoma HepG2 cell line to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arresting. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:743-51. [PMID: 20460749 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shown that the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase alpha1 subunit is a novel anti-cancer target, which plays pivotal roles in malignant cell ion transport, metabolism, migration and signal transduction. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of ouabain and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase alpha1 small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) on HepG2 cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle, and to explore the molecular mechanisms. The expression of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase alpha1 subunit in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), normal liver tissues and human HCC line (HepG2, SMMC-7721 and Bel-7402) has been investigated. Using the ouabain and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase alpha1 subunit siRNA, which target the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, we have evaluated the effects of inhibiting Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase alpha1 in human HepG2 cells with respect to cell proliferation, morphology, cell cycle, impact on intracellular Ca2++, reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, and correlated gene expression level on messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein. Our data showed that the expression Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase alpha1 subunit in HCC tissues is higher than that in normal liver tissues. Ouabain and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase alpha1 siRNA could inhibit HepG2 cell proliferation. Ouabain could induce HepG2 cell apoptosis and generate S phase arrest, and siRNA could enhance the anti-cancer effect of ouabain that induced HepG2 cells apoptosis via an intracellular Ca(2+) and ROS increase-mediated, and generated cell cycle S phase arresting by decreasing the CyclinA1/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)/proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) complex product and increasing the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21(CIP1)). We believe that targeting of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase alpha1 subunit in human HCC cells could provide new sight into the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Biomarkers of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, TianJin 300162, China
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Olszewski U, Zeillinger R, Geissler K, Hamilton G. Genome-wide gene expression analysis of chemoresistant pulmonary carcinoid cells. LUNG CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2010; 1:107-117. [PMID: 28210111 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carcinoids are highly chemoresistant tumors associated with a dismal prognosis. This study involved a comparison of the genome-wide gene expression pattern of a chemoresistant and a chemosensitive pulmonary carcinoid cell line to reveal factors that contribute to the resistant phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression of UMC-11 chemoresistant carcinoid cells as assessed by 32 K microarray was compared with H835 chemosensitive carcinoid cells, and the genes that were differentially expressed and expected to be related to chemoresistance were selected. RESULTS Drug-resistant UMC-11 cells exhibited increased expression of transcripts known to confer resistance to different cytostatics such as P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated proteins 2 and 3, effectors of the glutathione detoxification and xenobiotics degradation pathways, and ion transporters including Na+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase. In addition, enhanced transcription of several S100 proteins, capable of suppressing apoptosis, regulation of topoisomerase I (topo I) expression by antisense transcripts from TOPO1 pseudogenes, and alterations of the cytoskeleton seem to contribute to the multidrug-resistant phenotype. A multitude of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related and neuropeptide growth factors, overexpression of proteases, and appearance of aerobic glycolytic metabolism complement the malignant phenotype of the UMC-11 cells. CONCLUSION The multidrug-resistant phenotype of the UMC-11 pulmonary carcinoid cell line seems to be mediated by classical efflux pumps, drug metabolization or conjugation systems, and, possibly, modulation of apoptotic cell death by S100 proteins and topo I expression by pseudogene transcripts. Autocrine or paracrine stimulation by a host of EGF-related and neuropeptide growth factors, as well as high metastatic potency indicated by increased expression of components of aerobic glycolysis and proteolytic enzymes, may furthermore account for the failure of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Olszewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster of Translational Oncology, Ludwig Boltzmann Society, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Zeillinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster of Translational Oncology, Ludwig Boltzmann Society, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Geissler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster of Translational Oncology, Ludwig Boltzmann Society, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Hamilton
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster of Translational Oncology, Ludwig Boltzmann Society, Vienna, Austria
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