1
|
Silveira HS, Cesário RC, Vígaro RA, Gaiotte LB, Cucielo MS, Guimarães F, Seiva FRF, Zuccari DAPC, Reiter RJ, Chuffa LGDA. Melatonin changes energy metabolism and reduces oncogenic signaling in ovarian cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 592:112296. [PMID: 38844096 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) adjusts energy metabolism in favor of its progression and dissemination. Because melatonin (Mel) has antitumor actions, we investigated its impact on energy metabolism and kinase signaling in OC cells (SKOV-3 and CAISMOV-24). Cells were divided into control and Mel-treated groups, in the presence or absence of the antagonist luzindole. There was a decrease in the levels of HIF-1α, G6PDH, GAPDH, PDH, and CS after Mel treatment even in the presence of luzindole in both OC cells. Mel treatment also reduced the activity of OC-related enzymes including PFK-1, G6PDH, LDH, CS, and GS whereas PDH activity was increased. Lactate and glutamine levels dropped after Mel treatment. Mel further promoted a reduction in the concentrations of CREB, JNK, NF-kB, p-38, ERK1/2, AKT, P70S6K, and STAT in both cell lines. Mel reverses Warburg-type metabolism and possibly reduces glutaminolysis, thereby attenuating various oncogenic molecules associated with OC progression and invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Spaulonci Silveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Carvalho Cesário
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Aparecido Vígaro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Barbosa Gaiotte
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maira Smaniotto Cucielo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Guimarães
- Hospital da Mulher "Professor Doutor José Aristodemo Pinotti" - CAISM, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UTHealth, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hsiao KC, Ruan SY, Chen SM, Lai TY, Chan RH, Zhang YM, Chu CA, Cheng HC, Tsai HW, Tu YF, Law BK, Chang TT, Chow NH, Chiang CW. The B56γ3-containing protein phosphatase 2A attenuates p70S6K-mediated negative feedback loop to enhance AKT-facilitated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:172. [PMID: 37430297 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the major protein phosphatases in eukaryotic cells and is essential for cellular homeostasis. PP2A is a heterotrimer comprising the dimeric AC core enzyme and a highly variable regulatory B subunit. Distinct B subunits help the core enzyme gain full activity toward specific substrates and contribute to diverse cellular roles of PP2A. PP2A has been thought to play a tumor suppressor and the B56γ3 regulatory subunit was shown to play a key tumor suppressor regulatory subunit of PP2A. Nevertheless, we uncovered a molecular mechanism of how B56γ3 may act as an oncogene in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Polyclonal pools of CRC cells with stable B56γ3 overexpression or knockdown were generated by retroviral or lentiviral infection and subsequent drug selection. Co-immunoprecipitation(co-IP) and in vitro pull-down analysis were applied to analyze the protein-protein interaction. Transwell migration and invasion assays were applied to investigate the role of B56γ3 in affecting motility and invasive capability of CRC cells. The sensitivity of CRC cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was analyzed using the PrestoBlue reagent assay for cell viability. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to investigate the expression levels of phospho-AKT and B56γ3 in paired tumor and normal tissue specimens of CRC. DataSets of TCGA and GEO were analyzed to investigate the correlation of B56γ3 expression with overall survival rates of CRC patients. RESULTS We showed that B56γ3 promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and reduced the sensitivity of CRC cells to 5-FU through upregulating AKT activity. Mechanistically, B56γ3 upregulates AKT activity by targeting PP2A to attenuate the p70S6K-mediated negative feedback loop regulation on PI3K/AKT activation. B56γ3 was highly expressed and positively correlated with the level of phospho-AKT in tumor tissues of CRC. Moreover, high B56γ3 expression is associated with poor prognosis of a subset of patients with CRC. CONCLUSIONS Our finding reveals that the B56γ3 regulatory subunit-containing PP2A plays an oncogenic role in CRC cells by sustaining AKT activation through suppressing p70S6K activity and suggests that the interaction between B56γ3 and p70S6K may serve as a therapeutic target for CRC. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ching Hsiao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Siou-Ying Ruan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Min Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tai-Yu Lai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ren-Hao Chan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yan-Ming Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-An Chu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Fang Tu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Brian K Law
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and the UF-Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ting-Tsung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nan-Haw Chow
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Wu Chiang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang H, Zhang HR, Zhang J, Hu ML, Ren L, Luo QQ, Qi HZ. Discovery of novel S6K1 inhibitors by an ensemble-based virtual screening method and molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Model 2023; 29:102. [PMID: 36933164 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1) is considered a potential target for the treatment of various diseases, such as obesity, type II diabetes, and cancer. Development of novel S6K1 inhibitors is an urgent and important task for the medicinal chemists. In this research, an effective ensemble-based virtual screening method, including common feature pharmacophore model, 3D-QSAR pharmacophore model, naïve Bayes classifier model, and molecular docking, was applied to discover potential S6K1 inhibitors from BioDiversity database with 29,158 compounds. Finally, 7 hits displayed considerable properties and considered as potential inhibitors against S6K1. Further, carefully analyzing the interactions between these 7 hits and key residues in the S6K1 active site, and comparing them with the reference compound PF-4708671, it was found that 2 hits exhibited better binding patterns. In order to further investigate the mechanism of the interactions between 2 hits and S6K1 at simulated physiological conditions, the molecular dynamics simulation was performed. The ΔGbind energies for S6K1-Hit1 and S6K1-Hit2 were - 111.47 ± 1.29 and - 54.29 ± 1.19 kJ mol-1, respectively. Furthermore, deep analysis of these results revealed that Hit1 was the most stable complex, which can stably bind to S6K1 active site, interact with all of the key residues, and induce H1, H2, and M-loop regions changes. Therefore, the identified Hit1 may be a promising lead compound for developing new S6K1 inhibitor for various metabolic diseases treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Rui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Ling Hu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ren
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qing Luo
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Zhao Qi
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim G, Jang SK, Kim YJ, Jin HO, Bae S, Hong J, Park IC, Lee JH. Inhibition of Glutamine Uptake Resensitizes Paclitaxel Resistance in SKOV3-TR Ovarian Cancer Cell via mTORC1/S6K Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158761. [PMID: 35955892 PMCID: PMC9369036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a carcinoma that affects women and that has a high mortality rate. Overcoming paclitaxel resistance is important for clinical application. However, the effect of amino acid metabolism regulation on paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer is still unknown. In this study, the effect of an amino acid-deprived condition on paclitaxel resistance in paclitaxel-resistant SKOV3-TR cells was analyzed. We analyzed the cell viability of SKOV3-TR in culture conditions in which each of the 20 amino acids were deprived. As a result, the cell viability of the SKOV3-TR was significantly reduced in cultures deprived of arginine, glutamine, and lysine. Furthermore, we showed that the glutamine-deprived condition inhibited mTORC1/S6K signaling. The decreased cell viability and mTORC1/S6K signaling under glutamine-deprived conditions could be restored by glutamine and α-KG supplementation. Treatment with PF-4708671, a selective S6K inhibitor, and the selective glutamine transporter ASCT2 inhibitor V-9302 downregulated mTOR/S6K signaling and resensitized SKOV3-TR to paclitaxel. Immunoblotting showed the upregulation of Bcl-2 phosphorylation and a decrease in Mcl-1 expression in SKOV3-TR via the cotreatment of paclitaxel with PF-4708671 and V-9302. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the inhibition of glutamine uptake can resensitize SKOV3-TR to paclitaxel and represents a promising therapeutic target for overcoming paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongmi Kim
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Se-Kyeong Jang
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Department of Food and Microbial Technology, Seoul Women’s University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ok Jin
- KIRAMS Radiation Biobank, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jungil Hong
- Department of Food and Microbial Technology, Seoul Women’s University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - In-Chul Park
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-C.P.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-C.P.); (J.H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fazil WFWM, Amanah A, Abduraman MA, Sulaiman SF, Wahab HA, Tan ML. The Effects of Deoxyelephantopin on the Akt/mTOR/P70S6K Signaling Pathway in MCF-7 Breast Carcinoma Cells In Vitro. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0976500x221114003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the effects of deoxyelephantopin on mTOR and its related target molecules (Akt/mTOR/P70S6K) in the ER-positive breast cancer cell line. Materials and Methods Primary in silico simulations were determined, and the effects of deoxyelephantopin on the phosphorylation of the Akt/mTOR/P70S6K molecules were evaluated using AlphaScreen-based assays and western blot analysis, respectively. Results Based on the estimated FEB and K i values, deoxyelephantopin appeared to have a stronger affinity toward P70S6K as compared with Akt and mTOR. Both deoxyelephantopin and control inhibitors were observed to form hydrogen bonds with the same key residue, Leu175 of the P70S6K molecule. Deoxyelephantopin downregulated the p-P70S6K protein expression significantly from 18 µM ( P < .05) and onward. Based on the AlphaScreen assay, deoxyelephantopin produced a concentration-dependent inhibition on the phosphorylation of P70S6K with an IC50 value of 7.13 µM. Conclusion Deoxyelephantopin induced cell death in MCF-7 cells, possibly via DNA fragmentation, inhibition of the phosphorylation of P70SK6, and downregulation of the relative p-p70S6K protein expression levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Failiza Wan Mohamad Fazil
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Azimah Amanah
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Asyraf Abduraman
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, SAINS@BERTAM, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Shaida Fariza Sulaiman
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Habibah Abdul Wahab
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mei Lan Tan
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, SAINS@BERTAM, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Beyond controlling cell size: functional analyses of S6K in tumorigenesis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:646. [PMID: 35879299 PMCID: PMC9314331 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As a substrate and major effector of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), the biological functions of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) have been canonically assigned for cell size control by facilitating mRNA transcription, splicing, and protein synthesis. However, accumulating evidence implies that diverse stimuli and upstream regulators modulate S6K kinase activity, leading to the activation of a plethora of downstream substrates for distinct pathobiological functions. Beyond controlling cell size, S6K simultaneously plays crucial roles in directing cell apoptosis, metabolism, and feedback regulation of its upstream signals. Thus, we comprehensively summarize the emerging upstream regulators, downstream substrates, mouse models, clinical relevance, and candidate inhibitors for S6K and shed light on S6K as a potential therapeutic target for cancers.
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang B, Hao M, Li C, Luo KQ. Acetyltanshinone IIA reduces the synthesis of cell cycle-related proteins by degrading p70S6K and subsequently inhibits drug-resistant lung cancer cell growth. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106209. [PMID: 35398238 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapies using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have improved the outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, due to genetic mutations of EGFR or activation of other oncogenic pathways, cancer cells can develop resistance to TKIs, resulting in usually temporary and reversible therapeutic effects. Therefore, new anticancer agents are urgently needed to treat drug-resistant NSCLC. In this study, we found that acetyltanshinone IIA (ATA) displayed much stronger potency than erlotinib in inhibiting the growth of drug-resistant NSCLC cells and their-derived xenograft tumors. Our analyses revealed that ATA achieved this effect by the following mechanisms. First, ATA could bind p70S6K at its ATP-binding pocket to prevent phosphorylation, and second by increasing the ubiquitination of p70S6K to cause its degradation. Since phosphorylation of S6 ribosome protein (S6RP) by p70S6K can induce protein synthesis at the ribosome, the dramatic reduction of p70S6K after ATA treatment led to great reductions of new protein synthesis on several cell cycle-related proteins including cyclin D3, aurora kinase A, polo-like kinase, cyclin B1, survivin; and reduced the levels of EGFR and MET. In addition, ATA treatment increased the levels of p53 and p21 proteins, which blocked cell cycle progression in the G1/S phase. Taken together, as ATA can effectively block multiple signaling pathways essential for protein synthesis and cell proliferation, ATA can potentially be developed into a multi-target anti-cancer agent to treat TKI-resistant NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Meng Hao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Chuwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Kathy Qian Luo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
p70 S6 kinase as a therapeutic target in cancers: More than just an mTOR effector. Cancer Lett 2022; 535:215593. [PMID: 35176419 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) is best-known for its regulatory roles in protein synthesis and cell growth by phosphorylating its primary substrate, ribosomal protein S6, upon mitogen stimulation. The enhanced expression/activation of p70S6K has been correlated with poor prognosis in some cancer types, suggesting that it may serve as a biomarker for disease monitoring. p70S6K is a critical downstream effector of the oncogenic PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and its activation is tightly regulated by an ordered cascade of Ser/Thr phosphorylation events. Nonetheless, it should be noted that other upstream mechanisms regulating p70S6K at both the post-translational and post-transcriptional levels also exist. Activated p70S6K could promote various aspects of cancer progression such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stemness and drug resistance. Importantly, novel evidence showing that p70S6K may also regulate different cellular components in the tumor microenvironment will be discussed. Therapeutic targeting of p70S6K alone or in combination with traditional chemotherapies or other microenvironmental-based drugs such as immunotherapy may represent promising approaches against cancers with aberrant p70S6K signaling. Currently, the only clinically available p70S6K inhibitors are rapamycin analogs (rapalogs) which target mTOR. However, there are emerging p70S6K-selective drugs which are going through active preclinical or clinical trial phases. Moreover, various screening strategies have been used for the discovery of novel p70S6K inhibitors, hence bringing new insights for p70S6K-targeted therapy.
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu Y, Hu X, Liu S, Zhou S, Chen Z, Jin H. Golgi Phosphoprotein 73: The Driver of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:783860. [PMID: 34950590 PMCID: PMC8688837 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.783860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 73 (GP73, also termed as GOLM1 or GOLPH2) is a glycosylated protein residing on cis-Golgi cisternae and highly expressed in various types of cancer tissues. Since GP73 is a secretory protein and detectable in serum derived from cancer patients, it has been regarded as a novel serum biomarker for the diagnosis of different cancers, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the functional roles of GP73 in cancer development are still poorly understood. In recent years, it has been discovered that GP73 acts as a multifunctional protein-facilitating cancer progression, and strikingly, it has been identified as a leading factor promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells and causing cancer metastasis. In this review, we have overviewed the latest findings of the functional roles of GP73 in elevating cancer progression, especially in facilitating EMT and cancer metastasis through modulating expression, transactivation, and trafficking of EMT-related proteins. In addition, unsolved research fields of GP73 have been lightened, which might be helpful to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of GP73 on EMT and provide potential approaches in therapeutics against cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyang Hu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyao Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sining Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Romagnoli A, Maracci C, D’Agostino M, Teana AL, Marino DD. Targeting mTOR and eIF4E: a feasible scenario in ovarian cancer therapy. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:596-606. [PMID: 35582305 PMCID: PMC9094073 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is one of the most common causes for cancer death in women; lack of early diagnosis and acquired resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy account for its poor prognosis and high mortality rate. As with other cancer types, ovarian cancer is characterized by dysregulated signaling pathways and protein synthesis, which together contribute to rapid cellular growth and invasiveness. The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway represents the core of different signaling pathways regulating a number of essential steps in the cell, among which protein synthesis and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), the mRNA cap binding protein, is one of its downstream effectors. eIF4E is a limiting factor in translation initiation and its overexpression is a hallmark in many cancers. Because its action is regulated by a number of factors that compete for the same binding site, eIF4E is an ideal target for developing novel antineoplastic drugs. Several inhibitors targeting the mTOR signaling pathway have been designed thus far, however most of these molecules show poor stability and high toxicity in vivo. This minireview explores the possibility of targeting mTOR and eIF4E proteins, thus impacting on translation initiation in ovarian cancer, describing the most promising experimental strategies and specific inhibitors that have been shown to have an effect on other kinds of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Romagnoli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
- New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Cristina Maracci
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Mattia D’Agostino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Anna La Teana
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
- New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Marino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
- New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yadav AK, Jang BC. Anti-Survival and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of 6-Shogaol on SW872 Human Liposarcoma Cells via Control of the Intrinsic Caspase Pathway, STAT-3, AMPK, and ER Stress. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101380. [PMID: 32998376 PMCID: PMC7650770 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Notably, 6-Shogaol, a bioactive natural substance, has anticancer effects on many types of tumors. Up to date, the anticancer effect and mode of action of 6-Shogaol on liposarcoma are not known. In this study, we investigated whether 6-Shogaol inhibits the growth of SW872 and 93T449 cells, two different human liposarcoma cell lines. Of note, 6-Shogaol inhibited the growth of SW872 and 93T449 cells without affecting that of normal 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Specifically, 6-Shogaol further induced the apoptosis of SW872 cells, as evidenced by nuclear DNA fragmentation, increased sub G1 population, activation of the intrinsic caspase pathway, and PARP cleavage. However, pretreatment with either z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor, or N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant, attenuated the 6-Shogaol’s growth-suppressive and apoptosis-inducing effects on SW872 cells. Moreover, 6-Shogaol activated AMPK while inhibited STAT-3 in SW872 cells, and siRNA-based genetic silencing of AMPK or STAT-3 considerably blocked the growth-suppressive and apoptotic response of 6-Shogaol to SW872 cells. Moreover, 6-Shogaol also upregulated the expression and phosphorylation of GRP-78, eIF-2α, ATF4, and CHOP, known ER stress markers, in SW872 cells, illustrating the induction of ER stress. These findings collectively demonstrate that 6-Shogaol has strong antigrowth and proapoptotic effects on SW872 cells through regulation of the intrinsic caspase pathway, oxidative stress, STAT-3, AMPK, and ER stress.
Collapse
|
12
|
Li M, Chen H, Sun T, Ma Z, Chen X, Wu D, Huang W, Wang X. p70S6K Promotes Acquired Resistance of Erlotinib Through Induction of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:5257-5270. [PMID: 32606745 PMCID: PMC7295111 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s249695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as erlotinib, were approved for non-small cell lung carcinoma patients with EGFR mutations. However, the acquired resistance of these inhibitors has not been fully clarified. Therefore, clarifying the mechanism and developing new rationales to overcome the drug resistance are urgently needed. Methods A pair of erlotinib sensitive and resistant cells was used to identify the key molecules in mediating erlotinib resistance. Loss- or gain-of-function study was used to confirm the effects of the key molecules. Xenograft mouse model and human cancer tissue sample studies were conducted for further corroboration. Results HCC827 cells with acquired resistance to erlotinib underwent epithelial-mesenchymal transition and exhibited enhanced p70S6K signaling compared to parental sensitive cells. Moreover, in erlotinib resistant cells, downregulation of p70S6K expression using either siRNA or shRNA reversed EMT and partially overcame erlotinib resistance. Meanwhile, in erlotinib sensitive cells, overexpression of p70S6K promoted EMT and induced erlotinib resistance. Upregulation of p70S6K signaling in erlotinib resistant cells was caused by reduced GSK3β-mediated protein degradation of mTOR and raptor. Additionally, p70S6K silencing suppressed the growth of erlotinib resistant cells in a xenograft mouse model. Finally, we found a correlation between p70S6K and E-cadherin expression in human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue samples. Conclusion Our findings suggest that p70S6K-induced EMT plays an important role in the acquired resistance of erlotinib and provides a novel therapeutic rationale of targeting p70S6K in NSCLC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China, 210029
| | - Hongling Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China, 210029
| | - Tong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China, 210029
| | - Zhuo Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China, 210029
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China, 210029
| | - Dandan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China, 210029
| | - Wenbin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China, 210006
| | - Xuerong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China, 210029
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hastings JF, Gonzalez Rajal A, Latham SL, Han JZ, McCloy RA, O'Donnell YE, Phimmachanh M, Murphy AD, Nagrial A, Daneshvar D, Chin V, Watkins DN, Burgess A, Croucher DR. Analysis of pulsed cisplatin signalling dynamics identifies effectors of resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. eLife 2020; 9:53367. [PMID: 32513387 PMCID: PMC7282820 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of clinically viable strategies for overcoming resistance to platinum chemotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma has previously been hampered by inappropriately tailored in vitro assays of drug response. Therefore, using a pulse model that closely mimics the in vivo pharmacokinetics of platinum therapy, we profiled cisplatin-induced signalling, DNA-damage and apoptotic responses across a panel of human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. By coupling this data to real-time, single-cell imaging of cell cycle and apoptosis we provide a fine-grained stratification of response, where a P70S6K-mediated signalling axis promotes resistance on a TP53 wildtype or null background, but not a mutant TP53 background. This finding highlights the value of in vitro models that match the physiological pharmacokinetics of drug exposure. Furthermore, it also demonstrates the importance of a mechanistic understanding of the interplay between somatic mutations and the signalling networks that govern drug response for the implementation of any consistently effective, patient-specific therapy. Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer, and it emerges because of a variety of harmful genetic changes, or mutations. Two lung cancer patients – or indeed, two different sets of cancerous cells within a patient – may therefore carry different damaging mutations. A group of drugs called platinum-based chemotherapies are currently the most effective way to treat lung adenocarcinoma. Yet, only 30% of patients actually respond to the therapy. Many studies conducted in laboratory settings have tried to understand why most cases are resistant to treatment, with limited success. Here, Hastings, Gonzalez-Rajal et al. propose that previous research has been inconclusive because studies done in the laboratory do not reflect how the treatment is actually administered. In patients, platinum-based drugs are cleared from the body within a few hours, but during experiments, the treatment is continually administered to cells growing in a dish. Hastings, Gonzalez-Rajal et al. therefore developed a laboratory method that mimics the way cells are exposed to platinum-based chemotherapy in the body. These experiments showed that the lung adenocarcinoma cells which resisted treatment also carried high levels of a protein known as P70S6K. Pairing platinum-based chemotherapy with a drug that blocks the activity of P70S6K killed these resistant cells. This combination also treated human lung adenocarcinoma tumours growing under the skin of mice. However, it was ineffective on cancerous cells that carry a mutation in a protein called p53, which is often defective in cancers. Overall, this work demonstrates the need to refine how drugs are tested in the laboratory to better reflect real-life conditions. It also underlines the importance of personalizing drug combinations to the genetic background of each tumour, a concept that will be vital to consider in future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan F Hastings
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Sharissa L Latham
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jeremy Zr Han
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachael A McCloy
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yolande Ei O'Donnell
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Monica Phimmachanh
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexander D Murphy
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead and Blacktown Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adnan Nagrial
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead and Blacktown Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dariush Daneshvar
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead and Blacktown Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
| | - Venessa Chin
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - D Neil Watkins
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Andrew Burgess
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia.,The University of Sydney Concord Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - David R Croucher
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Troelsen NS, Shanina E, Gonzalez-Romero D, Danková D, Jensen ISA, Śniady KJ, Nami F, Zhang H, Rademacher C, Cuenda A, Gotfredsen CH, Clausen MH. The 3F Library: Fluorinated Fsp 3 -Rich Fragments for Expeditious 19 F NMR Based Screening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:2204-2210. [PMID: 31724281 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) is a popular method in academia and the pharmaceutical industry for the discovery of early lead candidates. Despite its wide-spread use, the approach still suffers from laborious screening workflows and a limited diversity in the fragments applied. Presented here is the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of the first fragment library specifically tailored to tackle both these challenges. The 3F library of 115 fluorinated, Fsp3 -rich fragments is shape diverse and natural-product-like with desirable physicochemical properties. The library is perfectly suited for rapid and efficient screening by NMR spectroscopy in a two-stage workflow of 19 F NMR and subsequent 1 H NMR methods. Hits against four diverse protein targets are widely distributed among the fragment scaffolds in the 3F library and a 67 % validation rate was achieved using secondary assays. This collection is the first synthetic fragment library tailor-made for 19 F NMR screening and the results demonstrate that the approach should find broad application in the FBDD community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj S Troelsen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Elena Shanina
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diego Gonzalez-Romero
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Campus UAM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Danková
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ida S A Jensen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Katarzyna J Śniady
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Faranak Nami
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hengxi Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Campus UAM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Charlotte H Gotfredsen
- NMR Center⋅DTU, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mads H Clausen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Troelsen NS, Shanina E, Gonzalez‐Romero D, Danková D, Jensen ISA, Śniady KJ, Nami F, Zhang H, Rademacher C, Cuenda A, Gotfredsen CH, Clausen MH. The 3F Library: Fluorinated Fsp
3
‐Rich Fragments for Expeditious
19
F NMR Based Screening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj S. Troelsen
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Elena Shanina
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Diego Gonzalez‐Romero
- Department of Immunology and OncologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC Campus UAM 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Daniela Danková
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ida S. A. Jensen
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Katarzyna J. Śniady
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Faranak Nami
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Hengxi Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and OncologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC Campus UAM 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Charlotte H. Gotfredsen
- NMR Center⋅DTUDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Mads H. Clausen
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang S, Hu B, Lv X, Chen S, Liu W, Shao Z. The Prognostic Role of Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 1 Pathway in Patients With Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:390. [PMID: 31139572 PMCID: PMC6527894 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies supported the predictive role of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), phosphorylated S6K1 (p-S6K1), and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (p-S6) for the outcome of cancer patients. However, inconsistent results were acquired across different researches. To comprehensively and quantitatively elucidate their prognostic significance in solid malignancies, the current meta-analysis was carried out utilizing the results of clinical studies. Methods: We conducted the literature retrieval by searching PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane library to identify eligible publications. Data were collected from included articles to calculate pooled overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) served as appropriate parameters to assess prognostic significance. Results: Forty-four original studies were included, of which 7 studies were analyzed for S6K1, 24 for p-S6K1, and 16 for p-S6. The overexpression of p-S6K1 was significantly associated with poorer prognosis of solid tumor patients in OS (HR = 1.706, 95%CI: 1.369–2.125, p < 0.001), DFS (HR = 1.665, 95%CI: 1.002–2.768, p = 0.049). However, prognostic role of p-S6K1 in RFS and PFS was not found. The result also revealed that S6K1 and p-S6 were significantly associated with reduced OS (HR = 1.691, 95%CI: 1.306–2.189, p < 0.001; HR = 2.019, 95%CI: 1.775–2.296, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The present meta-analysis demonstrated that elevated expression of S6K1, p-S6K1, or p-S6 might indicate worse prognosis of patients with solid tumors, and supported a promising clinical test to predict solid tumor prognosis based on the level of S6K1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Binwu Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Songfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yadav AK, Kumar V, Bailey DB, Jang BC. AZD1208, a Pan-Pim Kinase Inhibitor, Has Anti-Growth Effect on 93T449 Human Liposarcoma Cells via Control of the Expression and Phosphorylation of Pim-3, mTOR, 4EBP-1, S6, STAT-3 and AMPK. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020363. [PMID: 30654529 PMCID: PMC6359068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of Pim kinases has an oncogenic/pro-survival role in many hematological and solid cancers. AZD1208 is a pan-Pim kinase inhibitor that has anti-cancer and anti-adipogenic actions. Here, we investigated the effects of AZD1208 on the growth of 93T449 cells, a differentiated human liposarcoma cell line. At 20 µM, AZD1208 was cytotoxic (cytostatic) but not apoptotic, reducing cell survival without DNA fragmentation, caspase activation or increasing cells in the sub G1 phase; known apoptotic parameters. Notably, AZD1208 reduced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) in 93T449 cells. STAT-3 inhibition by AG490, a JAK2/STAT-3 inhibitor similarly reduced cell survival. AZD1208 down-regulated phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and ribosomal S6 while up-regulated eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (eIF-2α). In addition, AZD1208 induced a LKB-1-independent AMPK activation, which was crucial for its cytostatic effect, as knock-down of AMPK greatly blocked AZD1208s ability to reduce cell survival. AZD1208 had no effect on expression of two members of Pim kinase family (Pim-1 and Pim-3) but inhibited phosphorylation of 4EBP-1, a downstream effector of Pim kinases. Importantly, a central role for Pim-3 in the actions of AZD1208 was confirmed by knock-down, which not only reduced 93T449 cell survival but also led to the inhibition of 4EBP-1, mTOR, eIF-2α and STAT-3, along with the activation of AMPK. In summary, this is the first report demonstrating that AZD1208 inhibits growth of liposarcoma cells and that this activity is mediated through Pim-3 kinase, STAT-3, mTOR, S6 and AMPK expression and phosphorylation pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Yadav
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Vinoth Kumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - David Bishop Bailey
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Byeong-Churl Jang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Halbur C, Choudhury N, Chen M, Kim JH, Chung EJ. siRNA-Conjugated Nanoparticles to Treat Ovarian Cancer. SLAS Technol 2019; 24:137-150. [PMID: 30616494 DOI: 10.1177/2472630318816668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth-most lethal cancer among women due to a lack of early detection and late-stage treatment options, and it is responsible for more than 14,000 deaths each year in the United States. Recently, there have been advances in RNA interference therapy, specifically with small interfering RNA (siRNA), to reduce tumor burden for ovarian cancer via gene down-regulation. However, delivery of siRNA poses its own challenges, as siRNA is unstable in circulation, is unable to be effectively internalized by cells, and may cause toxicity in off-target sites. To address such challenges, nanoparticle carriers have emerged as delivery platforms for the biocompatible, targeted delivery of siRNA-based therapies. Several preclinical studies have shown the promising effects of siRNA therapy to reduce chemotherapy resistance and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. This review evaluates the recent advances, clinical applications, and future potential of nanoparticle-mediated delivery of siRNA therapeutics to target genes implicated in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Halbur
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Niharika Choudhury
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Chen
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jun Hyuk Kim
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,2 Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,3 Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,4 Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,5 Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Milošević Z, Banković J, Dinić J, Tsimplouli C, Sereti E, Dragoj M, Paunović V, Milovanović Z, Stepanović M, Tanić N, Dimas K, Pešić M. Potential of the dual mTOR kinase inhibitor AZD2014 to overcome paclitaxel resistance in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:409-426. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
20
|
Huang Y, Hu K, Zhang S, Dong X, Yin Z, Meng R, Zhao Y, Dai X, Zhang T, Yang K, Liu L, Huang K, Shi S, Zhang Y, Chen J, Wu G, Xu S. S6K1 phosphorylation-dependent degradation of Mxi1 by β-Trcp ubiquitin ligase promotes Myc activation and radioresistance in lung cancer. Theranostics 2018; 8:1286-1300. [PMID: 29507620 PMCID: PMC5835936 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Mxi1 is regarded as a potential tumor suppressor protein that antagonizes the transcriptional activity of proto-oncogene Myc. However, the clinical significances and underlying mechanisms by which Mxi1 is regulated in lung cancer remain poorly understood. Methods: Mass spectrometry analysis and immunoprecipitation assay were utilized to detect the protein-protein interaction. The phosphorylation of Mxi1 was evaluated by in vitro kinase assays. Poly-ubiquitination of Mxi1 was examined by in vivo ubiquitination assay. Lung cancer cells stably expressing wild-type Mxi1 or Mxi1-S160A were used for functional analyses. The expression levels of Mxi1 and S6K1 were determined by immunohistochemistry in lung cancer tissues and adjacent normal lung tissues. Results: We found that Mxi1 is downregulated and correlated with poor prognosis in lung cancer. Using tandem affinity purification technology, we provided evidence that β-Trcp E3 ubiquitin ligase interacts with and promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of Mxi1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Mxi1 is phosphorylated at S160 site by the protein kinase S6K1 and subsequently degraded via the ubiquitin ligase β-Trcp. Moreover, a phosphorylation mutant form of Mxi1 (Mxi1-S160A), which cannot be degraded by S6K1 and β-Trcp, is much more stable and efficient in suppressing the transcriptional activity of Myc and radioresistance in lung cancer cells. More importantly, a strong inverse correlation between S6K1 and Mxi1 expression was observed in human lung cancer tissues. Conclusion: Our findings not only establish a crosstalk between the mTOR/S6K1 signaling pathway and Myc activation, but also suggest that targeting S6K1/Mxi1 pathway is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of lung cancer.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ma J, Kala S, Yung S, Chan TM, Cao Y, Jiang Y, Liu X, Giorgio S, Peng L, Wong AST. Blocking Stemness and Metastatic Properties of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Targeting p70 S6K with Dendrimer Nanovector-Based siRNA Delivery. Mol Ther 2017; 26:70-83. [PMID: 29241971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the cause of most (>90%) cancer deaths and currently lacks effective treatments. Approaches to understanding the biological process, unraveling the most effective molecular target(s), and implementing nanotechnology to increase the therapeutic index are expected to facilitate cancer therapy against metastasis. Here, we demonstrate the potential advantages of bringing these three approaches together through the rational design of a small interfering RNA (siRNA) that targets p70S6K in cancer stem cells (CSCs) in combination with dendrimer nanotechnology-based siRNA delivery. Our results demonstrated that the generation 6 (G6) poly(amidoamine) dendrimer can be used as a nanovector to effectively deliver p70S6K siRNA by forming uniform dendriplex nanoparticles that protect the siRNA from degradation. These nanoparticles were able to significantly knock down p70S6K in ovarian CSCs, leading to a marked reduction in CSC proliferation and expansion without obvious toxicity toward normal ovarian surface epithelial cells. Furthermore, treatment with the p70S6K siRNA/G6 dendriplexes substantially decreased mesothelial interaction, migration and invasion of CSCs in vitro, as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Collectively, these results suggest that p70S6K constitutes a promising therapeutic target, and the use of siRNA in combination with nanotechnology-based delivery may constitute a new approach for molecularly targeted cancer therapy to treat metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Shashwati Kala
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Susan Yung
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong
| | - Tak Mao Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Cao
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, UMR 7325, "Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer," 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, UMR 7325, "Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer," 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Suzanne Giorgio
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, UMR 7325, "Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer," 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Ling Peng
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, UMR 7325, "Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer," 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Alice S T Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zervantonakis IK, Iavarone C, Chen HY, Selfors LM, Palakurthi S, Liu JF, Drapkin R, Matulonis U, Leverson JD, Sampath D, Mills GB, Brugge JS. Systems analysis of apoptotic priming in ovarian cancer identifies vulnerabilities and predictors of drug response. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28848242 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00263-7]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of effective chemotherapies for high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGS-OvCa) has motivated a search for alternative treatment strategies. Here, we present an unbiased systems-approach to interrogate a panel of 14 well-annotated HGS-OvCa patient-derived xenografts for sensitivity to PI3K and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors and uncover cell death vulnerabilities. Proteomic analysis reveals that PI3K/mTOR inhibition in HGS-OvCa patient-derived xenografts induces both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signaling responses that limit cell killing, but also primes cells for inhibitors of anti-apoptotic proteins. In-depth quantitative analysis of BCL-2 family proteins and other apoptotic regulators, together with computational modeling and selective anti-apoptotic protein inhibitors, uncovers new mechanistic details about apoptotic regulators that are predictive of drug sensitivity (BIM, caspase-3, BCL-XL) and resistance (MCL-1, XIAP). Our systems-approach presents a strategy for systematic analysis of the mechanisms that limit effective tumor cell killing and the identification of apoptotic vulnerabilities to overcome drug resistance in ovarian and other cancers.High-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGS-OvCa) frequently develop chemotherapy resistance. Here, the authors through a systematic analysis of proteomic and drug response data of 14 HGS-OvCa PDXs demonstrate that targeting apoptosis regulators can improve response of these tumors to inhibitors of the PI3K/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis K Zervantonakis
- Department of Cell Biology, Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Claudia Iavarone
- Department of Cell Biology, Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hsing-Yu Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Laura M Selfors
- Department of Cell Biology, Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sangeetha Palakurthi
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Research, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joyce F Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ursula Matulonis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joel D Leverson
- Oncology Development, AbbVie, Inc, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Deepak Sampath
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joan S Brugge
- Department of Cell Biology, Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Systems analysis of apoptotic priming in ovarian cancer identifies vulnerabilities and predictors of drug response. Nat Commun 2017; 8:365. [PMID: 28848242 PMCID: PMC5573720 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of effective chemotherapies for high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGS-OvCa) has motivated a search for alternative treatment strategies. Here, we present an unbiased systems-approach to interrogate a panel of 14 well-annotated HGS-OvCa patient-derived xenografts for sensitivity to PI3K and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors and uncover cell death vulnerabilities. Proteomic analysis reveals that PI3K/mTOR inhibition in HGS-OvCa patient-derived xenografts induces both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signaling responses that limit cell killing, but also primes cells for inhibitors of anti-apoptotic proteins. In-depth quantitative analysis of BCL-2 family proteins and other apoptotic regulators, together with computational modeling and selective anti-apoptotic protein inhibitors, uncovers new mechanistic details about apoptotic regulators that are predictive of drug sensitivity (BIM, caspase-3, BCL-XL) and resistance (MCL-1, XIAP). Our systems-approach presents a strategy for systematic analysis of the mechanisms that limit effective tumor cell killing and the identification of apoptotic vulnerabilities to overcome drug resistance in ovarian and other cancers. High-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGS-OvCa) frequently develop chemotherapy resistance. Here, the authors through a systematic analysis of proteomic and drug response data of 14 HGS-OvCa PDXs demonstrate that targeting apoptosis regulators can improve response of these tumors to inhibitors of the PI3K/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zervantonakis IK, Iavarone C, Chen HY, Selfors LM, Palakurthi S, Liu JF, Drapkin R, Matulonis U, Leverson JD, Sampath D, Mills GB, Brugge JS. Systems analysis of apoptotic priming in ovarian cancer identifies vulnerabilities and predictors of drug response. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28848242 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00263-7] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of effective chemotherapies for high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGS-OvCa) has motivated a search for alternative treatment strategies. Here, we present an unbiased systems-approach to interrogate a panel of 14 well-annotated HGS-OvCa patient-derived xenografts for sensitivity to PI3K and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors and uncover cell death vulnerabilities. Proteomic analysis reveals that PI3K/mTOR inhibition in HGS-OvCa patient-derived xenografts induces both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signaling responses that limit cell killing, but also primes cells for inhibitors of anti-apoptotic proteins. In-depth quantitative analysis of BCL-2 family proteins and other apoptotic regulators, together with computational modeling and selective anti-apoptotic protein inhibitors, uncovers new mechanistic details about apoptotic regulators that are predictive of drug sensitivity (BIM, caspase-3, BCL-XL) and resistance (MCL-1, XIAP). Our systems-approach presents a strategy for systematic analysis of the mechanisms that limit effective tumor cell killing and the identification of apoptotic vulnerabilities to overcome drug resistance in ovarian and other cancers.High-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGS-OvCa) frequently develop chemotherapy resistance. Here, the authors through a systematic analysis of proteomic and drug response data of 14 HGS-OvCa PDXs demonstrate that targeting apoptosis regulators can improve response of these tumors to inhibitors of the PI3K/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis K Zervantonakis
- Department of Cell Biology, Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Claudia Iavarone
- Department of Cell Biology, Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hsing-Yu Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Laura M Selfors
- Department of Cell Biology, Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sangeetha Palakurthi
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Research, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joyce F Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ursula Matulonis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joel D Leverson
- Oncology Development, AbbVie, Inc, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Deepak Sampath
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joan S Brugge
- Department of Cell Biology, Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Angevin E, Cassier PA, Italiano A, Gonçalves A, Gazzah A, Terret C, Toulmonde M, Gravis G, Varga A, Parlavecchio C, Paci A, Poinsignon V, Soria JC, Drubay D, Hollebecque A. Safety, tolerability and antitumour activity of LY2780301 (p70S6K/AKT inhibitor) in combination with gemcitabine in molecularly selected patients with advanced or metastatic cancer: a phase IB dose escalation study. Eur J Cancer 2017; 83:194-202. [PMID: 28750271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LY2780301, a dual inhibitor of protein kinase B (AKT) and the downstream effector p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), may inhibit progression in tumours relying on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway activation. This phase IB trial investigated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and antitumour activity of LY2780301 plus gemcitabine in patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumours. METHODS This was a non-randomised, open-label, dose escalation and dose expansion trial. Patients harbouring molecular alterations of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway received once daily (QD) oral LY2780301 (400 or 500 mg) in combination with intravenous gemcitabine (750 or 1000 mg/m2) on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-d cycle. Dose escalation followed a 3 + 3 design. Assessments included adverse events (AEs), PK and preliminary antitumour activity. RESULTS Fifty patients (median age, 53 years; 74% female) predominantly with mutations/amplifications of PI3K (60%) and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) gene/protein inactivation (42%) were treated for up to 14 cycles. The MTD was LY2780301 500 mg QD with gemcitabine 750 mg/m2. DLTs during cycle 1 were grade IV thrombocytopenia, grade III skin rash and grade III increase in alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase and alanine aminotransferase, occurring in one patient each. Most common AEs were anaemia (84%), fatigue (84%), transaminase increase (74%), thrombocytopenia (74%), nausea/vomiting (70%), neutropenia (68%) and lymphopenia (56%). Among the efficacy-evaluable population, two patients (5%) had a partial response; the disease control rate was 74% at cycle 2. CONCLUSIONS Addition of LY2780301 to gemcitabine showed manageable toxicity and encouraging antitumour activity in patients with molecular alterations of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02018874.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Angevin
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Drug Development Department (DITEP), Villejuif, F-94805, France.
| | | | | | - Anthony Gonçalves
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS U7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France.
| | - Anas Gazzah
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Drug Development Department (DITEP), Villejuif, F-94805, France.
| | | | | | - Gwenaëlle Gravis
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS U7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France.
| | - Andrea Varga
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Drug Development Department (DITEP), Villejuif, F-94805, France.
| | - Cédric Parlavecchio
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Drug Development Department (DITEP), Villejuif, F-94805, France.
| | - Angelo Paci
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Drug Development Department (DITEP), Villejuif, F-94805, France.
| | - Vianney Poinsignon
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Drug Development Department (DITEP), Villejuif, F-94805, France.
| | - Jean-Charles Soria
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Drug Development Department (DITEP), Villejuif, F-94805, France.
| | - Damien Drubay
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Drug Development Department (DITEP), Villejuif, F-94805, France; CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
| | - Antoine Hollebecque
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Drug Development Department (DITEP), Villejuif, F-94805, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lim W, Song G. Inhibitory effects of delphinidin on the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells via PI3K/AKT and ERK 1/2 MAPK signal transduction. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:810-818. [PMID: 28693237 PMCID: PMC5494655 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Delphinidin is a member of the anthocyanidin family and is a natural pigment in red cabbage, berries, sweet potatoes and grapes. It possesses nutraceutical properties against various chronic diseases and types of cancer. However, little is known about its preventative effects on epithelial ovarian cancer, a disease that is associated with a low survival rate, a poor prognosis and a high rate of recurrence. The results of the present study demonstrated that the proliferation of SKOV3 cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner in response to treatment with delphinidin, and the phosphorylation of carcinogenic protein kinases associated with the progression of epithelial ovarian cancer was affected by delphinidin treatment. The levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT), ribosomal protein S6 kinase β-1 (P70S6K), ribosomal protein S (S6), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and p38 were suppressed by increasing concentrations of delphinidin. Furthermore, the combination of certain pharmacological inhibitors, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K; LY294002), ERK1/2 (U0126) and delphinidin significantly reduced the proliferation of SKOV3 cells and the phosphorylation of each of those target proteins. In addition, delphinidin treatment exerted anti-proliferative effects on paclitaxel-resistant SKOV3 cells, compared with treatment with paclitaxel alone. These results indicate that delphinidin inhibits the proliferation of SKOV3 cells through inactivation of PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades, and that this cell signaling pathway may be a pivotal therapeutic target for the prevention of epithelial ovarian cancer, including paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whasun Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Amaral CL, Freitas LB, Tamura RE, Tavares MR, Pavan ICB, Bajgelman MC, Simabuco FM. S6Ks isoforms contribute to viability, migration, docetaxel resistance and tumor formation of prostate cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:602. [PMID: 27491285 PMCID: PMC4974797 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The S6 Kinase (S6K) proteins are some of the main downstream effectors of the mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR) and act as key regulators of protein synthesis and cell growth. S6K is overexpressed in a variety of human tumors and is correlated to poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Due to the current urgency to identify factors involved in prostate cancer progression, we aimed to reveal the cellular functions of three S6K isoforms–p70-S6K1, p85-S6K1 and p54-S6K2–in prostate cancer, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets. Methods In this study we performed S6K knockdown and overexpression and investigated its role in prostate cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, viability, migration and resistance to docetaxel treatment. In addition, we measured tumor growth in Nude mice injected with PC3 cells overexpressing S6K isoforms and tested the efficacy of a new available S6K1 inhibitor in vitro. Results S6Ks overexpression enhanced PC3-luc cell line viability, migration, resistance to docetaxel and tumor formation in Nude mice. Only S6K2 knockdown rendered prostate cancer cells more sensitive to docetaxel. S6K1 inhibitor PF-4708671 was particularly effective for reducing migration and proliferation of PC3 cell line. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that S6Ks play an important role in prostate cancer progression, enhancing cell viability, migration and chemotherapy resistance, and place both S6K1 and S6K2 as a potential targets in advanced prostate cancer. We also provide evidence that S6K1 inhibitor PF-4708671 may be considered as a potential drug for prostate cancer treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2629-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila L Amaral
- Laboratory of Disorders of Metabolism, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, sala LA 421, 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lidia B Freitas
- Laboratory of Disorders of Metabolism, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, sala LA 421, 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo E Tamura
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM24, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Tavares
- Laboratory of Disorders of Metabolism, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, sala LA 421, 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isadora C B Pavan
- Laboratory of Disorders of Metabolism, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, sala LA 421, 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio C Bajgelman
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Simabuco
- Laboratory of Disorders of Metabolism, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, sala LA 421, 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lam SSN, Ip CKM, Mak ASC, Wong AST. A novel p70 S6 kinase-microRNA biogenesis axis mediates multicellular spheroid formation in ovarian cancer progression. Oncotarget 2016; 7:38064-38077. [PMID: 27191261 PMCID: PMC5122372 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death of all gynecologic tumors, associated with widespread peritoneal dissemination and malignant ascites. Key to this is the ability to form multicellular spheroids (MCS); however, the tumor-specific factors that regulate MCS formation are unclear. p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K), which is a downstream effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, is frequently constitutively active in ovarian carcinoma. Here we identify p70S6K as a vital regulator of MCS formation. We also uncover a new mechanism of p70S6K function as a component of the microRNA biogenesis machinery in this process. We show that p70S6K phosphorylates, and inhibits the interaction of tristetraprolin (TTP) and Dicer that promotes the expression of a subset of miRNAs, including the maturation of miR-145. Twist and Sox9 are two divergent targets of miR-145, thereby enhancing N-cadherin, but not other cadherin, expression and MCS formation. Activating miR-145 suppresses ovarian tumor growth and metastasis in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Meta-analysis in the Oncomine database reveals that high p70S6K and low TTP levels are associated with ovarian tumor progression. These results define a critical link between p70S6K, miRNA maturation, and MCS formation that may underlie poor clinical outcome of ovarian cancer patients for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carman Ka Man Ip
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Abby Sin Chi Mak
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Choi JI, Park SH, Lee HJ, Lee DW, Lee HN. Inhibition of Phospho-S6 Kinase, a Protein Involved in the Compensatory Adaptive Response, Increases the Efficacy of Paclitaxel in Reducing the Viability of Matrix-Attached Ovarian Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155052. [PMID: 27148873 PMCID: PMC4858236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the proteins involved the compensatory adaptive response to paclitaxel in ovarian cancer cells and to determine whether inhibition of the compensatory adaptive response increases the efficacy of paclitaxel in decreasing the viability of cancer cells. METHODS We used a reverse-phase protein array and western blot analysis to identify the proteins involved in the compensatory mechanism induced by paclitaxel in HeyA8 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. We used a cell viability assay to examine whether inhibition of the proteins involved in the compensatory adaptive response influenced the effects of paclitaxel on cancer cell viability. All experiments were performed in three-dimensional cell cultures. RESULTS Paclitaxel induced the upregulation of pS6 (S240/S244) and pS6 (S235/S236) in HeyA8 and SKOV3 cells, and pPRAS40 (T246) in HeyA8 cells. BX795 and CCT128930 were chosen as inhibitors of pS6 (S240/S244), pS6 (S235/S236), and pPRAS40 (T246). BX795 and CCT128930 decreased pS6 (S240/S244) and pS6 (S235/S236) expression in HeyA8 and SKOV3 cells. However, pPRAS40 (T246) expression was inhibited only by BX795 and not by CCT128930 in HeyA8 cells. Compared with paclitaxel alone, addition of BX795 or CCT128930 to paclitaxel was more effective in decreasing the viability of HeyA8 and SKOV3 cells. CONCLUSION Addition of BX795 or CCT128930 to inhibit pS6 (S240/S244) or pS6 (S235/S236) restricted the compensatory adaptive response to paclitaxel in HeyA8 and SKOV3 cells. These inhibitors increased the efficacy of paclitaxel in reducing cancer cell viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong In Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hi Park
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Lee
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Woo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Nam Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Qiu ZX, Sun RF, Mo XM, Li WM. The p70S6K Specific Inhibitor PF-4708671 Impedes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Growth. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147185. [PMID: 26771549 PMCID: PMC4714881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a serine/threonine protein kinase, p70S6K plays an important role in tumor cells. Evidence has revealed overexpression of p70S6K and phosphorylated p70S6K (p-p70S6K) in various tumor tissues, with these proteins identified as independent prognostic markers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we explored the role of the p70S6K specific inhibitor PF-4708671 in NSCLC. Methods Three NSCLC cell lines (A549, SK-MES-1, and NCI-H460) were treated with PF-4708671 at five different concentrations, including 0.1μM, 0.3μM, 1μM, 3μM and 10μM, and protein levels were determined by Western-blot. Then, PF-4708671’s effects were assessed both in vitro (cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and invasion) and in vivo. Results The expression levels of p-p70S6K and the downstream effector S6 were significantly reduced by PF-4708671. Diametrically opposite, the downstream protein levels of BAD, Caspase3 and ERK had increased after treatment with PF-4708671. In addition, PF-4708671 drastically inhibited cell proliferation and invasion ability in A549, SK-MES-1 and NCI-H460 cells in vitro, causing cell cycle arrest in G0-G1 phase. Limited effects of PF-4708671 were observed on apoptosis in the three NSCLC cell lines assessed. Importantly, PF-4708671 could inhibit tumorigenesis in nude mice in vivo. Conclusion These findings demonstrated that the p70S6K specific inhibitor PF-4708671 has inhibitory effects on NSCLC tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, P70S6K should be considered a new potential therapeutic target, and PF-470867 may be used as targeted drug for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong-Fei Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xian-Ming Mo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei-Min Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Byun S, Lim S, Mun JY, Kim KH, Ramadhar TR, Farrand L, Shin SH, Thimmegowda NR, Lee HJ, Frank DA, Clardy J, Lee SW, Lee KW. Identification of a Dual Inhibitor of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) and p70 Ribosomal S6 Kinase1 (S6K1) Pathways. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:23553-62. [PMID: 26242912 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.662445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive phytochemicals can suppress the growth of malignant cells, and investigation of the mechanisms responsible can assist in the identification of novel therapeutic strategies for cancer therapy. Ginger has been reported to exhibit potent anti-cancer effects, although previous reports have often focused on a narrow range of specific compounds. Through a direct comparison of various ginger compounds, we determined that gingerenone A selectively kills cancer cells while exhibiting minimal toxicity toward normal cells. Kinase array screening revealed JAK2 and S6K1 as the molecular targets primarily responsible for gingerenone A-induced cancer cell death. The effect of gingerenone A was strongly associated with relative phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and S6K1, and administration of gingerenone A significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo. More importantly, the combined inhibition of JAK2 and S6K1 by commercial inhibitors selectively induced apoptosis in cancer cells, whereas treatment with either agent alone did not. These findings provide rationale for dual targeting of JAK2 and S6K1 in cancer for a combinatorial therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanguine Byun
- From the Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Semi Lim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Mun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Seongnam 461-463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Timothy R Ramadhar
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Lee Farrand
- Yuhan Research Institute, Yuhan Corp., Yongin 446-902, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Shin
- Program in Biomedical Informatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - N R Thimmegowda
- Department of Chemistry, Government Sri Krishnarajendra Silver Jubilee Technological Institute, Bangalore 560001, India, World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang 363-883, Korea
| | - Hyong Joo Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - David A Frank
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
| | - Jon Clardy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,
| | - Sam W Lee
- From the Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129,
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea, WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ip CKM, Yung S, Chan TM, Tsao SW, Wong AST. p70 S6 kinase drives ovarian cancer metastasis through multicellular spheroid-peritoneum interaction and P-cadherin/b1 integrin signaling activation. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9133-49. [PMID: 25193855 PMCID: PMC4253424 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination as a manifestation of ovarian cancer is an adverse prognostic factor associated with poor clinical outcome, and is thus a potentially promising target for improved treatment. Sphere forming cells (multicellular spheroids) present in malignant ascites of patients with ovarian cancer represent a major impediment to effective treatment. p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K), which is a downstream effector of mammalian target of rapamycin, is frequently hyperactivated in human ovarian cancer. Here, we identified p70S6K as an important regulator for the seeding and successful colonization of ovarian cancer spheroids on the peritoneum. Furthermore, we provided evidence for the existence of a novel crosstalk between P-cadherin and β1 integrin, which was crucial for the high degree of specificity in cell adhesion. In particular, we demonstrated that the upregulation of mature β1 integrin occurred as a consequence of P-cadherin expression through the induction of the Golgi glycosyltransferase, ST6Gal-I, which mediated β1 integrin hypersialylation. Loss of p70S6K or targeting the P-cadherin/β1-integrin interplay could significantly attenuate the metastatic spread onto the peritoneum in vivo. These findings establish a new role for p70S6K in tumor spheroid-mesothelium communication in ovarian cancer and provide a preclinical rationale for targeting p70S6K as a new avenue for microenvironment-based therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carman Ka Man Ip
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Susan Yung
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong
| | - Tak-Mao Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong
| | - Sai-Wah Tsao
- Department of Anatomy, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong
| | - Alice Sze Tsai Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bahrami-B F, Ataie-Kachoie P, Pourgholami MH, Morris DL. p70 Ribosomal protein S6 kinase (Rps6kb1): an update. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:1019-25. [PMID: 25100792 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Rps6kb1 gene encodes the 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), which is a serine/threonine kinase regulated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. p70S6K plays a crucial role in controlling cell cycle, growth and survival. The PI3K/mTOR signalling pathway is one of the major mechanisms for controlling cell survival, proliferation and metabolism and is the central regulator of translation of some components of protein synthesis system. Upon activation, this kinase phosphorylates S6 protein of ribosomal subunit 40S resulting in selective translation of unique family of mRNAs that contain oligopyrimidine tract on 5' transcriptional site (5'TOP). 5'TOP mRNAs are coding the components of translational apparatus including ribosomal proteins and elongation factors. Due to the role of p70S6K in protein synthesis and also its involvement in a variety of human diseases ranging from diabetes and obesity to cancer, p70S6K is now being considered as a new therapeutic target for drug development. Furthermore, p70S6K acts as a biomarker for response to immunosuppressant as well as anticancer effects of inhibitors of the mTOR. Because of the narrow therapeutic index of mTOR inhibitors, drug monitoring is essential, and this is usually done by measuring blood drug levels, therapeutic response and drug-induced adverse effects. Recent studies have suggested that plasma p70S6K is a reliable index for the monitoring of patient response to mTOR inhibitors. Therefore, a better understanding of p70S6K and its role in various pathological conditions could enable the development of strategies to aid diagnosis, prognosis and treatment schedules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Bahrami-B
- Cancer research laboratories, Department of Surgery, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - David L Morris
- Cancer research laboratories, Department of Surgery, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cervantes-Gomez F, Chen LS, Orlowski RZ, Gandhi V. Biological effects of the Pim kinase inhibitor, SGI-1776, in multiple myeloma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2013; 13 Suppl 2:S317-29. [PMID: 23988451 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pim kinases are constitutively active serine/threonine/tyrosine kinases that are overexpressed in hematological malignancies such as multiple myeloma. Pim kinase substrates are involved in transcription, protein translation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. SGI-1776 is a potent Pim kinase inhibitor that has proven to be cytotoxic to leukemia and lymphoma cells. Based on this background, we hypothesized that SGI-1776 treatment would result in myeloma cytotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS To test this, myeloma cell lines and primary CD138(+) cells from myeloma patients were treated with SGI-1776 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and effect on cell death and proliferation, induction of autophagy, and changes in cell cycle profile were measured. RESULTS SGI-1776 treatment resulted in limited apoptosis in cell lines (mean 30%) and CD138(+) cells (< 10%) assessed using Annexin-V/propidium iodide. Limited effect was observed in cell cycle profile or growth in cell lines. However, DNA synthesis was decreased by 70% at 3 μM (all time points) in U266 though this was not observed in MM.1S. In accordance, immunoblot analyses revealed no change in transcription (c-Myc and H3), or apoptotic (Bad) proteins that are substrates of Pim kinases. In contrast, autophagy, assessed using acridine orange staining, was induced with SGI-1776 treatment in both cell lines (U266, 25%-70%; MM.1S, 8%-52%) and CD138(+) cells (19%-21%). Immunoblot analyses of the autophagy LC3b marker and translation initiation proteins (phospho-p70S6K and 4E-BP1) corroborated autophagy induction. CONCLUSION These data indicate that SGI-1776 treatment in myeloma cell lines and CD138(+) myeloma cells elicits its deleterious effects through inhibition of translation and induction of autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Cervantes-Gomez
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang Y, Ni HJ, Cheng DY. Prognostic Value of Phosphorylated mTOR/RPS6KB1 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:3725-8. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.6.3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
36
|
Stathmin Regulates Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Expression through the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway in Ovarian Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma. ISRN PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 2013:279593. [PMID: 23819061 PMCID: PMC3683482 DOI: 10.1155/2013/279593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Stathmin, a microtubule-destabilizing phosphoprotein, is highly expressed in ovarian cancer, but the pathophysiological significance of this protein in ovarian carcinoma cells remains poorly understood. This study reports the involvement of stathmin in the mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) during hypoxia. HIF-1α protein and VEGF mRNA levels were markedly elevated in RMG-1 cells, a CCA cell line, cultured under hypoxic conditions. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR complex 1, reduced the level of HIF-1α and blocked phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K), a transcriptional regulator of mTOR, demonstrating that hypoxia activates mTOR/S6K/HIF-1α signaling in CCA. Furthermore, stathmin knockdown inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and VEGF expression and S6K phosphorylation. The silencing of stathmin expression also reduced Akt phosphorylation, a critical event in the mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. By contrast, stathmin overexpression upregulated hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and VEGF expression in OVCAR-3 cells, another CCA cell line. In addition, suppression of Akt activation by wortmannin, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, decreased HIF-1α and VEGF expression. These results illustrate that regulation of HIF-1α through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is controlled by stathmin in CCA. Our findings point to a new mechanism of stathmin regulation during ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|