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Marziali LN, Hwang Y, Palmisano M, Cuenda A, Sim FJ, Gonzalez A, Volsko C, Dutta R, Trapp BD, Wrabetz L, Feltri ML. p38γ MAPK delays myelination and remyelination and is abundant in multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain 2024; 147:1871-1886. [PMID: 38128553 PMCID: PMC11068213 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in which disability results from the disruption of myelin and axons. During the initial stages of the disease, injured myelin is replaced by mature myelinating oligodendrocytes that differentiate from oligodendrocyte precursor cells. However, myelin repair fails in secondary and chronic progressive stages of the disease and with ageing, as the environment becomes progressively more hostile. This may be attributable to inhibitory molecules in the multiple sclerosis environment including activation of the p38MAPK family of kinases. We explored oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and myelin repair using animals with conditional ablation of p38MAPKγ from oligodendrocyte precursors. We found that p38γMAPK ablation accelerated oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and myelination. This resulted in an increase in both the total number of oligodendrocytes and the migration of progenitors ex vivo and faster remyelination in the cuprizone model of demyelination/remyelination. Consistent with its role as an inhibitor of myelination, p38γMAPK was significantly downregulated as oligodendrocyte precursor cells matured into oligodendrocytes. Notably, p38γMAPK was enriched in multiple sclerosis lesions from patients. Oligodendrocyte progenitors expressed high levels of p38γMAPK in areas of failed remyelination but did not express detectable levels of p38γMAPK in areas where remyelination was apparent. Our data suggest that p38γ could be targeted to improve myelin repair in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro N Marziali
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Yoonchan Hwang
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Marilena Palmisano
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Fraser J Sim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Alberto Gonzalez
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Christina Volsko
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bruce D Trapp
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Maria L Feltri
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Università degli studi di Milano, Biometra department and IRCcs Carlo Besta, Milano 20133, Italy
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2
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Escós A, Diaz-Mora E, Pattison M, Fajardo P, González-Romero D, Risco A, Martín-Gómez J, Bonneil É, Sonenberg N, Jafarnejad SM, Sanz-Ezquerro JJ, Ley SC, Cuenda A. p38γ and p38δ modulate innate immune response by regulating MEF2D activation. eLife 2023; 12:e86200. [PMID: 37458356 PMCID: PMC10400073 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence implicating p38γ and p38δ (p38γ/p38δ) in inflammation are mainly based on experiments using Mapk12/Mapk13-deficient (p38γ/δKO) mice, which show low levels of TPL2, the kinase upstream of MKK1-ERK1/2 in myeloid cells. This could obscure p38γ/p38δ roles, since TPL2 is essential for regulating inflammation. Here, we generated a Mapk12D171A/D171A/Mapk13-/- (p38γ/δKIKO) mouse, expressing kinase-inactive p38γ and lacking p38δ. This mouse exhibited normal TPL2 levels, making it an excellent tool to elucidate specific p38γ/p38δ functions. p38γ/δKIKO mice showed a reduced inflammatory response and less susceptibility to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock and Candida albicans infection than wild-type (WT) mice. Gene expression analyses in LPS-activated wild-type and p38γ/δKIKO macrophages revealed that p38γ/p38δ-regulated numerous genes implicated in innate immune response. Additionally, phospho-proteomic analyses and in vitro kinase assays showed that the transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor-2D (MEF2D) was phosphorylated at Ser444 via p38γ/p38δ. Mutation of MEF2D Ser444 to the non-phosphorylatable residue Ala increased its transcriptional activity and the expression of Nos2 and Il1b mRNA. These results suggest that p38γ/p38δ govern innate immune responses by regulating MEF2D phosphorylation and transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Escós
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Campus-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Diaz-Mora
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Campus-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Fajardo
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Campus-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego González-Romero
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Campus-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Risco
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Campus-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Martín-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Campus-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Éric Bonneil
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, United Kingdom
| | - Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Steven C Ley
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Campus-UAM, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Díaz-Mora E, González-Romero D, Meireles-da-Silva M, Sanz-Ezquerro JJ, Cuenda A. p38δ controls Mitogen- and Stress-activated Kinase-1 (MSK1) function in response to toll-like receptor activation in macrophages. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1083033. [PMID: 36846591 PMCID: PMC9946961 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1083033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen- and Stress-activated Kinase (MSK) 1 is a nuclear protein, activated by p38α Mitogen-Activated Kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), that modulate the production of certain cytokines in macrophages. Using knockout cells and specific kinase inhibitors, we show that, besides p38α and ERK1/2, another p38MAPK, p38δ, mediates MSK phosphorylation and activation, in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Additionally, recombinant MSK1 was phosphorylated and activated by recombinant p38δ, to the same extent than by p38α, in in vitro experiments. Moreover, the phosphorylation of the transcription factors CREB and ATF1, that are MSK physiological substrates, and the expression of the CREB-dependent gene encoding DUSP1, were impaired in p38δ-deficient macrophages. Also, the transcription of IL-1Ra mRNA, that is MSK-dependent, was reduced. Our results indicate that MSK activation can be one possible mechanism by which p38δ regulates the production of a variety of inflammatory molecules involved in immune innate response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Díaz-Mora
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego González-Romero
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Meireles-da-Silva
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Sanz-Ezquerro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Ana Cuenda,
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Shabardina V, Charria PR, Saborido GB, Diaz-Mora E, Cuenda A, Ruiz-Trillo I, Sanz-Ezquerro JJ. Evolutionary analysis of p38 stress-activated kinases in unicellular relatives of animals suggests an ancestral function in osmotic stress. Open Biol 2023; 13:220314. [PMID: 36651171 PMCID: PMC9846432 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
p38 kinases are key elements of the cellular stress response in animals. They mediate the cell response to a multitude of stress stimuli, from osmotic shock to inflammation and oncogenes. However, it is unknown how such diversity of function in stress evolved in this kinase subfamily. Here, we show that the p38 kinase was already present in a common ancestor of animals and fungi. Later, in animals, it diversified into three JNK kinases and four p38 kinases. Moreover, we identified a fifth p38 paralog in fishes and amphibians. Our analysis shows that each p38 paralog has specific amino acid substitutions around the hinge point, a region between the N-terminal and C-terminal protein domains. We showed that this region can be used to distinguish between individual paralogs and predict their specificity. Finally, we showed that the response to hyperosmotic stress in Capsaspora owczarzaki, a close unicellular relative of animals, follows a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation pattern typical of p38 kinases. At the same time, Capsaspora's cells upregulate the expression of GPD1 protein resembling an osmotic stress response in yeasts. Overall, our results show that the ancestral p38 stress pathway originated in the root of opisthokonts, most likely as a cell's reaction to salinity change in the environment. In animals, the pathway became more complex and incorporated more stimuli and downstream targets due to the p38 sequence evolution in the docking and substrate binding sites around the hinge region. This study improves our understanding of p38 evolution and opens new perspectives for p38 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Shabardina
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona
| | - Pedro Romero Charria
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona
| | - Gonzalo Bercedo Saborido
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona
| | - Ester Diaz-Mora
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona,Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Institute for Research on Biodiversity, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Sanz-Ezquerro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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Fajardo P, Taskova M, Martín-Serrano MA, Hansen J, Slott S, Jakobsen AK, Wibom ML, Salegi B, Muñoz A, Barbachano A, Sharma A, Gubatan JM, Habtezion A, Sanz-Ezquerro JJ, Astakhova K, Cuenda A. p38γ and p38δ as biomarkers in the interplay of colon cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:897-901. [PMID: 35796643 PMCID: PMC9456697 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Fajardo
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre of Biotechnology/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain.,PhD Programme in Molecular Bioscience, Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Maria Taskova
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Miguel A Martín-Serrano
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre of Biotechnology/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Jonas Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sofie Slott
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna K Jakobsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marie-Louise Wibom
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Beñat Salegi
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre of Biotechnology/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Antonio Barbachano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Arpita Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - John Mark Gubatan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Aida Habtezion
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Juan J Sanz-Ezquerro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Kira Astakhova
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre of Biotechnology/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Sanz-Ezquerro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Campus-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.S.-E.); (A.C.); Tel.: +34-91-5855-395 (J.J.S.-E.); +34-91-5855-451 (A.C.)
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Campus-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.S.-E.); (A.C.); Tel.: +34-91-5855-395 (J.J.S.-E.); +34-91-5855-451 (A.C.)
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7
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Soler Palacios B, Nieto C, Fajardo P, González de la Aleja A, Andrés N, Dominguez-Soto Á, Lucas P, Cuenda A, Rodríguez-Frade JM, Martínez-A C, Villares R, Corbí ÁL, Mellado M. Growth Hormone Reprograms Macrophages toward an Anti-Inflammatory and Reparative Profile in an MAFB-Dependent Manner. J Immunol 2020; 205:776-788. [PMID: 32591394 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH), a pleiotropic hormone secreted by the pituitary gland, regulates immune and inflammatory responses. In this study, we show that GH regulates the phenotypic and functional plasticity of macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, GH treatment of GM-CSF-primed monocyte-derived macrophages promotes a significant enrichment of anti-inflammatory genes and dampens the proinflammatory cytokine profile through PI3K-mediated downregulation of activin A and upregulation of MAFB, a critical transcription factor for anti-inflammatory polarization of human macrophages. These in vitro data correlate with improved remission of inflammation and mucosal repair during recovery in the acute dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis model in GH-overexpressing mice. In this model, in addition to the GH-mediated effects on other immune cells, we observed that macrophages from inflamed gut acquire an anti-inflammatory/reparative profile. Overall, these data indicate that GH reprograms inflammatory macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype and improves resolution during pathologic inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Soler Palacios
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Concha Nieto
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Fajardo
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Arturo González de la Aleja
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Andrés
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Ángeles Dominguez-Soto
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Lucas
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - José Miguel Rodríguez-Frade
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Carlos Martínez-A
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Ricardo Villares
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Ángel L Corbí
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Mellado
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; and
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Barrio L, Román-García S, Díaz-Mora E, Risco A, Jiménez-Saiz R, Carrasco YR, Cuenda A. B Cell Development and T-Dependent Antibody Response Are Regulated by p38γ and p38δ. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:189. [PMID: 32266269 PMCID: PMC7105866 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
p38MAP kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathways are important regulators of inflammation and the immune response; their involvement in immune cell development and function is still largely unknown. Here we analysed the role of the p38 MAPK isoforms p38γ and p38δ in B cell differentiation in bone marrow (BM) and spleen, using mice lacking p38γ and p38δ, or conditional knockout mice that lack both p38γ and p38δ specifically in the B cell compartment. We found that the B cell differentiation programme in the BM was not affected in p38γ/δ-deficient mice. Moreover, these mice had reduced numbers of peripheral B cells as well as altered marginal zone B cell differentiation in the spleen. Expression of co-stimulatory proteins and activation markers in p38γ/δ-deficient B cells are diminished in response to B cell receptor (BCR) and CD40 stimulation; p38γ and p38δ were necessary for B cell proliferation induced by BCR and CD40 but not by TLR4 signaling. Furthermore, p38γ/δ-null mice produced significantly lower antibody responses to T-dependent antigens. Our results identify unreported functions for p38γ and p38δ in B cells and in the T-dependent humoral response; and show that the combined activity of these kinases is needed for peripheral B cell differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barrio
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Román-García
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Díaz-Mora
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Risco
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Jiménez-Saiz
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda R Carrasco
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Troelsen NS, Shanina E, Gonzalez‐Romero D, Danková D, Jensen ISA, Śniady KJ, Nami F, Zhang H, Rademacher C, Cuenda A, Gotfredsen CH, Clausen MH. Frontispiece: The 3F Library: Fluorinated Fsp
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‐Rich Fragments for Expeditious
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F NMR Based Screening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202080661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj S. Troelsen
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Elena Shanina
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Diego Gonzalez‐Romero
- Department of Immunology and OncologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC Campus UAM 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Daniela Danková
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ida S. A. Jensen
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Katarzyna J. Śniady
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Faranak Nami
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Hengxi Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and OncologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC Campus UAM 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Charlotte H. Gotfredsen
- NMR Center⋅DTUDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Mads H. Clausen
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
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10
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Troelsen NS, Shanina E, Gonzalez‐Romero D, Danková D, Jensen ISA, Śniady KJ, Nami F, Zhang H, Rademacher C, Cuenda A, Gotfredsen CH, Clausen MH. Frontispiz: The 3F Library: Fluorinated Fsp
3
‐Rich Fragments for Expeditious
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F NMR Based Screening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202080661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj S. Troelsen
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Elena Shanina
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Diego Gonzalez‐Romero
- Department of Immunology and OncologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC Campus UAM 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Daniela Danková
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ida S. A. Jensen
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Katarzyna J. Śniady
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Faranak Nami
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Hengxi Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and OncologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC Campus UAM 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Charlotte H. Gotfredsen
- NMR Center⋅DTUDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Mads H. Clausen
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
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11
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Troelsen NS, Shanina E, Gonzalez-Romero D, Danková D, Jensen ISA, Śniady KJ, Nami F, Zhang H, Rademacher C, Cuenda A, Gotfredsen CH, Clausen MH. The 3F Library: Fluorinated Fsp 3 -Rich Fragments for Expeditious 19 F NMR Based Screening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:2204-2210. [PMID: 31724281 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) is a popular method in academia and the pharmaceutical industry for the discovery of early lead candidates. Despite its wide-spread use, the approach still suffers from laborious screening workflows and a limited diversity in the fragments applied. Presented here is the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of the first fragment library specifically tailored to tackle both these challenges. The 3F library of 115 fluorinated, Fsp3 -rich fragments is shape diverse and natural-product-like with desirable physicochemical properties. The library is perfectly suited for rapid and efficient screening by NMR spectroscopy in a two-stage workflow of 19 F NMR and subsequent 1 H NMR methods. Hits against four diverse protein targets are widely distributed among the fragment scaffolds in the 3F library and a 67 % validation rate was achieved using secondary assays. This collection is the first synthetic fragment library tailor-made for 19 F NMR screening and the results demonstrate that the approach should find broad application in the FBDD community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj S Troelsen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Elena Shanina
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diego Gonzalez-Romero
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Campus UAM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Danková
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ida S A Jensen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Katarzyna J Śniady
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Faranak Nami
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hengxi Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Campus UAM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Charlotte H Gotfredsen
- NMR Center⋅DTU, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mads H Clausen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
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12
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Troelsen NS, Shanina E, Gonzalez‐Romero D, Danková D, Jensen ISA, Śniady KJ, Nami F, Zhang H, Rademacher C, Cuenda A, Gotfredsen CH, Clausen MH. The 3F Library: Fluorinated Fsp
3
‐Rich Fragments for Expeditious
19
F NMR Based Screening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj S. Troelsen
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Elena Shanina
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Diego Gonzalez‐Romero
- Department of Immunology and OncologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC Campus UAM 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Daniela Danková
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ida S. A. Jensen
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Katarzyna J. Śniady
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Faranak Nami
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Hengxi Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14424 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and OncologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC Campus UAM 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Charlotte H. Gotfredsen
- NMR Center⋅DTUDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Mads H. Clausen
- Center for Nanomedicine and TheranosticsDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
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13
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Alsina-Beauchamp D, Escós A, Fajardo P, González-Romero D, Díaz-Mora E, Risco A, Martín-Serrano MA, Del Fresno C, Dominguez-Andrés J, Aparicio N, Zur R, Shpiro N, Brown GD, Ardavín C, Netea MG, Alemany S, Sanz-Ezquerro JJ, Cuenda A. Myeloid cell deficiency of p38γ/p38δ protects against candidiasis and regulates antifungal immunity. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:e8485. [PMID: 29661910 PMCID: PMC5938613 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a frequent aetiologic agent of sepsis associated with high mortality in immunocompromised patients. Developing new antifungal therapies is a medical need due to the low efficiency and resistance to current antifungal drugs. Here, we show that p38γ and p38δ regulate the innate immune response to C. albicans We describe a new TAK1-TPL2-MKK1-ERK1/2 pathway in macrophages, which is activated by Dectin-1 engagement and positively regulated by p38γ/p38δ. In mice, p38γ/p38δ deficiency protects against C. albicans infection by increasing ROS and iNOS production and thus the antifungal capacity of neutrophils and macrophages, and by decreasing the hyper-inflammation that leads to severe host damage. Leucocyte recruitment to infected kidneys and production of inflammatory mediators are decreased in p38γ/δ-null mice, reducing septic shock. p38γ/p38δ in myeloid cells are critical for this effect. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of p38γ/p38δ in mice reduces fungal burden, revealing that these p38MAPKs may be therapeutic targets for treating C. albicans infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandra Escós
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Fajardo
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego González-Romero
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Díaz-Mora
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Risco
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Del Fresno
- Immunobiology of Inflammation Laboratory Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Dominguez-Andrés
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Aparicio
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafal Zur
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Shpiro
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Sir James Black Building, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gordon D Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Carlos Ardavín
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Susana Alemany
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Abstract
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathways are essential regulators of the immune response. Particularly, p38γ and p38δ regulate many immune cell functions such as cytokine production, migration, or T cell activation; however, their involvement in immune cell development is largely unknown. Here, we analysed the role of p38 MAPK isoforms p38γ and p38δ in T cell differentiation in the thymus and in lymph nodes, using mice deficient in p38γ, p38δ, or in both. We found that the T cell differentiation program in the thymus was affected at different stages in p38γ-, p38δ-, and p38γ/δ-deficient mice, and also peripheral T cell homaeostasis was compromised. Particularly, p38δ deletion affects different stages of early CD4−CD8− double-negative thymocyte development, whereas lack of p38γ favours thymocyte positive selection from CD4+CD8+ double-positive to CD4+ or CD8+ single-positive cells. Our results identify unreported functions for p38γ and p38δ in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Risco
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martin-Serrano
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo F Barber
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC)Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Lizcano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBellaterra, Spain
| | - José Lozano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Universidad de MálagaMálaga, Spain
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16
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Cuenda A, Sanz-Ezquerro JJ. p38γ and p38δ: From Spectators to Key Physiological Players. Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 42:431-442. [PMID: 28473179 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the physiological roles of p38γ and p38δ signalling pathways are largely unknown, new genetic and pharmacological tools are providing groundbreaking information on the function of these two stress-activated protein kinases. Recent studies show the importance of p38γ and p38δ in the regulation of processes as diverse as cytokine production, protein synthesis, exocytosis, cell migration, gene expression, and neuron activity, which have an acute impact on the development of pathologies related to inflammation, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancer. These recent breakthroughs are resolving some of the questions that have long been asked regarding the function of p38γ and p38δ in biology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan José Sanz-Ezquerro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Olivera-Santa Catalina M, Caballero-Bermejo M, Argent R, Alonso JC, Cuenda A, Lorenzo MJ, Centeno F. Hyperosmotic Stress Induces Tau Proteolysis by Caspase-3 Activation in SH-SY5Y Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2781-2790. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Olivera-Santa Catalina
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics; University of Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
| | - Montaña Caballero-Bermejo
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics; University of Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
| | - Ricardo Argent
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics; University of Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
| | - Juan C. Alonso
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics; University of Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - María J. Lorenzo
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics; University of Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
| | - Francisco Centeno
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics; University of Extremadura; Badajoz Spain
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18
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Rajamäki K, Mäyränpää MI, Risco A, Tuimala J, Nurmi K, Cuenda A, Eklund KK, Öörni K, Kovanen PT. p38δ MAPK: A Novel Regulator of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation With Increased Expression in Coronary Atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1937-46. [PMID: 27417584 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.307312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activation of the inflammasome pathway in macrophages results in the secretion of 2 potent proinflammatory and proatherogenic cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18. Atherosclerotic lesions are characterized by the presence of various endogenous activators of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, including cholesterol crystals and extracellular ATP. The aim of this study was to comprehensively characterize the expression of inflammasome pathway components and regulators in human atherosclerotic lesions. APPROACH AND RESULTS Twenty human coronary artery RNA samples from 10 explanted hearts were analyzed using an inflammasome pathway-focused quantitative polymerase chain reaction array. Advanced atherosclerotic plaques, when compared with early-to-intermediate lesions from the same coronary trees, displayed significant upregulation of 12 target genes, including the key inflammasome components apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD domain, caspase-1, and IL-18. Immunohistochemical stainings of the advanced plaques revealed macrophage foam cells positive for NLRP3 inflammasome components around the necrotic lipid cores. The polymerase chain reaction array target p38δ mitogen-activated protein kinase was upregulated in advanced plaques and strongly expressed by lesional macrophage foam cells. In cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages, the p38δ mitogen-activated protein kinase was activated by intracellular stress signals triggered during ATP- and cholesterol crystal-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and was required for NLRP3-mediated IL-1β secretion. CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of the key inflammasome components in advanced coronary lesions implies enhanced activity of the inflammasome pathway in progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The p38δ mitogen-activated protein kinase was identified as a novel regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in primary human macrophages, and thus, represents a potential target for modulation of atherosclerotic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Rajamäki
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.N., K.Ö., P.T.K.); University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.K.E.); Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Division of Pathology, HUSLAB, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.R., A.C.); RS-koulutus, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland (K.K.E.)
| | - Mikko I Mäyränpää
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.N., K.Ö., P.T.K.); University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.K.E.); Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Division of Pathology, HUSLAB, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.R., A.C.); RS-koulutus, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland (K.K.E.)
| | - Ana Risco
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.N., K.Ö., P.T.K.); University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.K.E.); Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Division of Pathology, HUSLAB, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.R., A.C.); RS-koulutus, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland (K.K.E.)
| | - Jarno Tuimala
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.N., K.Ö., P.T.K.); University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.K.E.); Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Division of Pathology, HUSLAB, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.R., A.C.); RS-koulutus, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland (K.K.E.)
| | - Katariina Nurmi
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.N., K.Ö., P.T.K.); University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.K.E.); Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Division of Pathology, HUSLAB, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.R., A.C.); RS-koulutus, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland (K.K.E.)
| | - Ana Cuenda
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.N., K.Ö., P.T.K.); University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.K.E.); Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Division of Pathology, HUSLAB, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.R., A.C.); RS-koulutus, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland (K.K.E.)
| | - Kari K Eklund
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.N., K.Ö., P.T.K.); University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.K.E.); Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Division of Pathology, HUSLAB, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.R., A.C.); RS-koulutus, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland (K.K.E.)
| | - Katariina Öörni
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.N., K.Ö., P.T.K.); University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.K.E.); Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Division of Pathology, HUSLAB, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.R., A.C.); RS-koulutus, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland (K.K.E.)
| | - Petri T Kovanen
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.N., K.Ö., P.T.K.); University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.K.E.); Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Division of Pathology, HUSLAB, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.R., A.C.); RS-koulutus, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland (K.K.E.).
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19
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Escós A, Risco A, Alsina-Beauchamp D, Cuenda A. p38γ and p38δ Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs), New Stars in the MAPK Galaxy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:31. [PMID: 27148533 PMCID: PMC4830812 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein kinases p38γ and p38δ belong to the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. p38MAPK signaling controls many cellular processes and is one of the most conserved mechanisms in eukaryotes for the cellular response to environmental stress and inflammation. Although p38γ and p38δ are widely expressed, it is likely that they perform specific functions in different tissues. Their involvement in human pathologies such as inflammation-related diseases or cancer is starting to be uncovered. In this article we give a general overview and highlight recent advances made in defining the functions of p38γ and p38δ, focusing in innate immunity and inflammation. We consider the potential of the pharmacological targeting of MAPK pathways to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Escós
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Risco
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) Madrid, Spain
| | - Dayanira Alsina-Beauchamp
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) Madrid, Spain
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20
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Zur R, Garcia-Ibanez L, Nunez-Buiza A, Aparicio N, Liappas G, Escós A, Risco A, Page A, Saiz-Ladera C, Alsina-Beauchamp D, Montans J, Paramio JM, Cuenda A. Combined deletion of p38γ and p38δ reduces skin inflammation and protects from carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12920-35. [PMID: 26079427 PMCID: PMC4536989 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of chronic skin inflammation to the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is poorly understood. While the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38α regulates inflammatory responses and tumour development, little is known about the role of p38γ and p38δ in these processes. Here we show that combined p38γ and p38δ (p38γ/δ) deletion blocked skin tumour development in a chemically induced carcinogenesis model. p38γ/δ deletion reduced TPA-induced epidermal hyperproliferation and inflammation; it inhibited expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in keratinocytes in vitro and in whole skin in vivo, resulting in decreased neutrophil recruitment to skin. Our data indicate that p38γ/δ in keratinocytes promote carcinogenesis by enabling formation of a proinflammatory microenvironment that fosters epidermal hyperproliferation and tumourigenesis. These findings provide genetic evidence that p38γ and p38δ have essential roles in skin tumour development, and suggest that targeting inflammation through p38γ/δ offers a therapeutic strategy for SCC treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zur
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Garcia-Ibanez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Nunez-Buiza
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Aparicio
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandra Escós
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Risco
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angustias Page
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT and I+12 Biomedical Research Institute, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Saiz-Ladera
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT and I+12 Biomedical Research Institute, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Montans
- Centro Anatomopatológico, Camino de Vinateros, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Paramio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT and I+12 Biomedical Research Institute, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Noseda R, Guerrero-Valero M, Alberizzi V, Previtali SC, Sherman DL, Palmisano M, Huganir RL, Nave KA, Cuenda A, Feltri ML, Brophy PJ, Bolino A. Kif13b Regulates PNS and CNS Myelination through the Dlg1 Scaffold. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002440. [PMID: 27070899 PMCID: PMC4829179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-based kinesin motors have many cellular functions, including the transport of a variety of cargos. However, unconventional roles have recently emerged, and kinesins have also been reported to act as scaffolding proteins and signaling molecules. In this work, we further extend the notion of unconventional functions for kinesin motor proteins, and we propose that Kif13b kinesin acts as a signaling molecule regulating peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) myelination. In this process, positive and negative signals must be tightly coordinated in time and space to orchestrate myelin biogenesis. Here, we report that in Schwann cells Kif13b positively regulates myelination by promoting p38γ mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated phosphorylation and ubiquitination of Discs large 1 (Dlg1), a known brake on myelination, which downregulates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/v-AKT murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) pathway. Interestingly, Kif13b also negatively regulates Dlg1 stability in oligodendrocytes, in which Dlg1, in contrast to Schwann cells, enhances AKT activation and promotes myelination. Thus, our data indicate that Kif13b is a negative regulator of CNS myelination. In summary, we propose a novel function for the Kif13b kinesin in glial cells as a key component of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which controls myelination in both PNS and CNS. Kif13b is an unconventional kinesin that acts as a signaling molecule, regulating myelination via the Dlg1 scaffold in both Schwann cells (in the peripheral nervous system) and oligodendrocytes (in the central nervous system). Myelin is a multilayered extension of the Schwann and oligodendrocyte cell membranes, which wraps around neuronal axons to facilitate propagation of electric signals and to support axonal metabolism. However, the signals regulating myelin formation and how they are integrated and controlled to achieve homeostasis are still poorly understood. In Schwann cells, the Discs large 1 (Dlg1) protein is a known brake of myelination, which negatively regulates the amount of myelin produced so that myelin thickness is proportional to axonal diameter. In this paper, we report that in Schwann cells Dlg1 itself is tightly regulated to ensure proper myelination. We propose that Dlg1 function is further controlled by the Kif13b kinesin motor protein, which acts as a "brake of the brake" by downregulating Dlg1 activity. Surprisingly, we found that in oligodendrocytes Dlg1 is a positive and not a negative regulator of myelination. Thus, Kif13b-mediated negative regulation of Dlg1 ensures appropriate myelin production and thickness in the central nervous system. Our data further extend recently emerged unconventional roles for kinesins, which are usually implicated in cargo transport rather than in the modulation of signaling pathways. The elucidation of mechanisms regulating myelination may help to design specific approaches to favor re-myelination in demyelinating disorders in which this process is severely impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Noseda
- Division of Neuroscience, INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Guerrero-Valero
- Division of Neuroscience, INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Alberizzi
- Division of Neuroscience, INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano C. Previtali
- Division of Neuroscience, INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Diane L. Sherman
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marilena Palmisano
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard L. Huganir
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Brophy
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Bolino
- Division of Neuroscience, INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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22
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González-Terán B, Matesanz N, Nikolic I, Verdugo MA, Sreeramkumar V, Hernández-Cosido L, Mora A, Crainiciuc G, Sáiz ML, Bernardo E, Leiva-Vega L, Rodríguez E, Bondía V, Torres JL, Perez-Sieira S, Ortega L, Cuenda A, Sanchez-Madrid F, Nogueiras R, Hidalgo A, Marcos M, Sabio G. p38γ and p38δ reprogram liver metabolism by modulating neutrophil infiltration. EMBO J 2016; 35:536-52. [PMID: 26843485 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201591857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health problem and the main cause of liver disease in Western countries. Although NAFLD is strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. The disease begins with an excessive accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, which stimulates an inflammatory response. Alternative p38 mitogen-activated kinases (p38γ and p38δ) have been shown to contribute to inflammation in different diseases. Here we demonstrate that p38δ is elevated in livers of obese patients with NAFLD and that mice lacking p38γ/δ in myeloid cells are resistant to diet-induced fatty liver, hepatic triglyceride accumulation and glucose intolerance. This protective effect is due to defective migration of p38γ/δ-deficient neutrophils to the damaged liver. We further show that neutrophil infiltration in wild-type mice contributes to steatosis development by means of inflammation and liver metabolic changes. Therefore, p38γ and p38δ in myeloid cells provide a potential target for NAFLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuria Matesanz
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivana Nikolic
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Angeles Verdugo
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vinatha Sreeramkumar
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Hernández-Cosido
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Department of Surgery, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alfonso Mora
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgiana Crainiciuc
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Laura Sáiz
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edgar Bernardo
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Leiva-Vega
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Rodríguez
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Bondía
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge L Torres
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sonia Perez-Sieira
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Ortega
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Department of Surgery, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Marcos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Alsina-Beauchamp D, Reino P, Cuenda A. Isolation and Flow-cytometric Analysis of Mouse Intestinal Crypt Cells. Bio Protoc 2015. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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24
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Arechederra M, Priego N, Vázquez-Carballo A, Sequera C, Gutiérrez-Uzquiza Á, Cerezo-Guisado MI, Ortiz-Rivero S, Roncero C, Cuenda A, Guerrero C, Porras A. p38 MAPK down-regulates fibulin 3 expression through methylation of gene regulatory sequences: role in migration and invasion. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:4383-97. [PMID: 25548290 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.582239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
p38 MAPKs regulate migration and invasion. However, the mechanisms involved are only partially known. We had previously identified fibulin 3, which plays a role in migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis, as a gene regulated by p38α. We have characterized in detail how p38 MAPK regulates fibulin 3 expression and its role. We describe here for the first time that p38α, p38γ, and p38δ down-regulate fibulin 3 expression. p38α has a stronger effect, and it does so through hypermethylation of CpG sites in the regulatory sequences of the gene. This would be mediated by the DNA methylase, DNMT3A, which is down-regulated in cells lacking p38α, but once re-introduced represses Fibulin 3 expression. p38α through HuR stabilizes dnmt3a mRNA leading to an increase in DNMT3A protein levels. Moreover, by knocking-down fibulin 3, we have found that Fibulin 3 inhibits migration and invasion in MEFs by mechanisms involving p38α/β inhibition. Hence, p38α pro-migratory/invasive effect might be, at least in part, mediated by fibulin 3 down-regulation in MEFs. In contrast, in HCT116 cells, Fibulin 3 promotes migration and invasion through a mechanism dependent on p38α and/or p38β activation. Furthermore, Fibulin 3 promotes in vitro and in vivo tumor growth of HCT116 cells through a mechanism dependent on p38α, which surprisingly acts as a potent inducer of tumor growth. At the same time, p38α limits fibulin 3 expression, which might represent a negative feed-back loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Arechederra
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Neibla Priego
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Vázquez-Carballo
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Sequera
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Gutiérrez-Uzquiza
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Cerezo-Guisado
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Campus de Canto Blanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Ortiz-Rivero
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cesáreo Roncero
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Campus de Canto Blanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Guerrero
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Almudena Porras
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain,
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25
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del Reino P, Alsina-Beauchamp D, Escós A, Cerezo-Guisado MI, Risco A, Aparicio N, Zur R, Fernandez-Estévez M, Collantes E, Montans J, Cuenda A. Pro-Oncogenic Role of Alternative p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases p38γ and p38δ, Linking Inflammation and Cancer in Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6150-60. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Criado G, Risco A, Alsina-Beauchamp D, Pérez-Lorenzo MJ, Escós A, Cuenda A. Alternative p38 MAPKs Are Essential for Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1208-17. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Criado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria and Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; Madrid Spain
| | - Ana Risco
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC; Madrid Spain
| | | | - María J. Pérez-Lorenzo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria and Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; Madrid Spain
| | | | - Ana Cuenda
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC; Madrid Spain
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27
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Verdugo A, Matesanz N, González-Terán B, Bernardo E, Leiva L, Rodriguez E, Ligos JM, Rincón M, Martín MM, Hernández L, Torres JL, Rozo R, Cuenda A, Sabio G. Role of MAPKp38 in liver steatosis. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1330831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Chen CM, Bentham J, Cosgrove C, Braganca J, Cuenda A, Bamforth SD, Schneider JE, Watkins H, Keavney B, Davies B, Bhattacharya S. Functional significance of SRJ domain mutations in CITED2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46256. [PMID: 23082118 PMCID: PMC3474824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CITED2 is a transcriptional co-activator with 3 conserved domains shared with other CITED family members and a unique Serine-Glycine Rich Junction (SRJ) that is highly conserved in placental mammals. Loss of Cited2 in mice results in cardiac and aortic arch malformations, adrenal agenesis, neural tube and placental defects, and partially penetrant defects in left-right patterning. By screening 1126 sporadic congenital heart disease (CHD) cases and 1227 controls, we identified 19 variants, including 5 unique non-synonymous sequence variations (N62S, R92G, T166N, G180-A187del and A187T) in patients. Many of the CHD-specific variants identified in this and previous studies cluster in the SRJ domain. Transient transfection experiments show that T166N mutation impairs TFAP2 co-activation function and ES cell proliferation. We find that CITED2 is phosphorylated by MAPK1 in vitro at T166, and that MAPK1 activation enhances the coactivation function of CITED2 but not of CITED2-T166N. In order to investigate the functional significance in vivo, we generated a T166N mutation of mouse Cited2. We also used PhiC31 integrase-mediated cassette exchange to generate a Cited2 knock-in allele replacing the mouse Cited2 coding sequence with human CITED2 and with a mutant form deleting the entire SRJ domain. Mouse embryos expressing only CITED2-T166N or CITED2-SRJ-deleted alleles surprisingly show no morphological abnormalities, and mice are viable and fertile. These results indicate that the SRJ domain is dispensable for these functions of CITED2 in mice and that mutations clustering in the SRJ region are unlikely to be the sole cause of the malformations observed in patients with sporadic CHD. Our results also suggest that coding sequence mutations observed in case-control studies need validation using in vivo models and that predictions based on structural conservation and in vitro functional assays, or even in vivo global loss of function models, may be insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiann-mun Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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29
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Cerezo-Guisado M, Reino PD, Remy G, Kuma Y, Arthur JC, Gallego-Ortega D, Cuenda A. Evidence of p38γ and p38δ involvement in cell transformation processes. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:1093-9. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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30
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Iñesta-Vaquera FA, Campbell DG, Arthur JSC, Cuenda A. ERK5 pathway regulates the phosphorylation of tumour suppressor hDlg during mitosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 399:84-90. [PMID: 20643107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human disc-large (hDlg) is a scaffold protein critical for the maintenance of cell polarity and adhesion. hDlg is thought to be a tumour suppressor that regulates the cell cycle and proliferation. However, the mechanism and pathways involved in hDlg regulation during these processes is still unclear. Here we report that hDlg is phosphorylated during mitosis, and we establish the identity of at least three residues phosphorylated in hDlg; some are previously unreported. Phosphorylation affects hDlg localisation excluding it from the contact point between the two daughter cells. Our results reveal a previously unreported pathway for hDlg phosphorylation in mitosis and show that ERK5 pathway mediates hDlg cell cycle dependent phosphorylation. This is likely to have important implications in the correct timely mitotic entry and mitosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Iñesta-Vaquera
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco-UAM, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Sabio G, Cerezo-Guisado MI, Del Reino P, Iñesta-Vaquera FA, Rousseau S, Arthur JSC, Campbell DG, Centeno F, Cuenda A. p38gamma regulates interaction of nuclear PSF and RNA with the tumour-suppressor hDlg in response to osmotic shock. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:2596-604. [PMID: 20605917 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.066514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of p38γ modulates the integrity of the complex formed by the human discs large protein (hDlg) with cytoskeletal proteins, which is important for cell adaptation to changes in environmental osmolarity. Here we report that, in response to hyperosmotic stress, p38γ also regulates formation of complexes between hDlg and the nuclear protein polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-associated-splicing factor (PSF). Following osmotic shock, p38γ in the cell nucleus increases its association with nuclear hDlg, thereby causing dissociation of hDlg-PSF complexes. Moreover, hDlg and PSF bind different RNAs; in response to osmotic shock, p38γ causes hDlg-PSF and hDlg-RNA dissociation independently of its kinase activity. These findings identify a novel nuclear complex and suggest a previously unreported function of p38γ, which is independent of its catalytic activity and could affect mRNA processing and/or gene transcription to aid cell adaptation to osmolarity changes in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Sabio
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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32
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Loesch M, Zhi HY, Hou SW, Qi XM, Li RS, Basir Z, Iftner T, Cuenda A, Chen G. p38gamma MAPK cooperates with c-Jun in trans-activating matrix metalloproteinase 9. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:15149-15158. [PMID: 20231272 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.105429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate gene expression through transcription factors. However, the precise mechanisms in this critical signal event are largely unknown. Here, we show that the transcription factor c-Jun is activated by p38gamma MAPK, and the activated c-Jun then recruits p38gamma as a cofactor into the matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) promoter to induce its trans-activation and cell invasion. This signaling event was initiated by hyperexpressed p38gamma that led to increased c-Jun synthesis, MMP9 transcription, and MMP9-dependent invasion through p38gamma interacting with c-Jun. p38gamma requires phosphorylation and its C terminus to bind c-Jun, whereas both c-Jun and p38gamma are required for the trans-activation of MMP9. The active p38gamma/c-Jun/MMP9 pathway also exists in human colon cancer, and there is a coupling of increased p38gamma and MMP9 expression in the primary tissues. These results reveal a new paradigm in which a MAPK acts both as an activator and a cofactor of a transcription factor to regulate gene expression leading to an invasive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Loesch
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Milwaukee Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Hui-Ying Zhi
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Milwaukee Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Song-Wang Hou
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Milwaukee Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Xiao-Mei Qi
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Milwaukee Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Rong-Shan Li
- Departments of Pathology, Milwaukee Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Zainab Basir
- Departments of Pathology, Milwaukee Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Thomas Iftner
- Section of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Guan Chen
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Milwaukee Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226; Research Services, the Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226.
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Gillespie MA, Le Grand F, Scimè A, Kuang S, von Maltzahn J, Seale V, Cuenda A, Ranish JA, Rudnicki MA. p38-{gamma}-dependent gene silencing restricts entry into the myogenic differentiation program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 187:991-1005. [PMID: 20026657 PMCID: PMC2806273 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200907037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of muscle is regulated by p38-γ, which phosphorylates MyoD and leads to formation of a complex that represses myogenin transcription. The mitogen-activated protein kinase p38-γ is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and is associated with the dystrophin glycoprotein complex; however, its function remains unclear. After induced damage, muscle in mice lacking p38-γ generated significantly fewer myofibers than wild-type muscle. Notably, p38-γ-deficient muscle contained 50% fewer satellite cells that exhibited premature Myogenin expression and markedly reduced proliferation. We determined that p38-γ directly phosphorylated MyoD on Ser199 and Ser200, which results in enhanced occupancy of MyoD on the promoter of myogenin together with markedly decreased transcriptional activity. This repression is associated with extensive methylation of histone H3K9 together with recruitment of the KMT1A methyltransferase to the myogenin promoter. Notably, a MyoD S199A/S200A mutant exhibits markedly reduced binding to KMT1A. Therefore, p38-γ signaling directly induces the assembly of a repressive MyoD transcriptional complex. Together, these results establish a hitherto unappreciated and essential role for p38-γ signaling in positively regulating the expansion of transient amplifying myogenic precursor cells during muscle growth and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Gillespie
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
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Remy G, Risco AM, Iñesta-Vaquera FA, González-Terán B, Sabio G, Davis RJ, Cuenda A. Differential activation of p38MAPK isoforms by MKK6 and MKK3. Cell Signal 2009; 22:660-7. [PMID: 20004242 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
All four members of the mammalian p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family (p38alpha, p38beta, p38gamma and p38delta) are activated by dual phosphorylation in the TGY motif in the activation loop. This phosphorylation is mediated by three kinases, MKK3, MKK6 and MKK4, at least in vitro. The role of these MKK in the activation of p38alpha has been demonstrated in studies using fibroblasts that lack MKK3 and/or MKK6. Nonetheless, the physiological upstream activators of the other p38MAPK isoforms have not yet been reported using MKK knockout cells. In this study, we examined p38beta, gamma and delta activation by MKK3 and MKK6, in cells lacking MKK3, MKK6 or both. We show that MKK3 and MKK6 are both essential for the activation of p38gamma and p38beta induced by environmental stress, whereas MKK6 is the major p38gamma activator in response to TNFalpha. In contrast, p38delta activation by ultraviolet radiation, hyperosmotic shock, anisomycin or by TNFalpha is mediated by MKK3. Moreover, in response to osmotic stress, MKK3 and MKK6 are crucial in regulating the phosphorylation of the p38gamma substrate hDlg and its activity as scaffold protein. These data indicate that activation of distinct p38MAPK isoforms is regulated by the selective and synchronized action of two kinases, MKK3 and MKK6, in response to cell stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Remy
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Darwin 3, UAM Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Insufficient production of the hormone insulin by pancreatic beta cells results in diabetes. In this issue, Sumara et al. (2009) report key roles for the protein kinases p38delta and PKD1 in the regulation of insulin secretion as well as in the survival of pancreatic beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cuenda
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Iñesta-Vaquera FA, Centeno F, del Reino P, Sabio G, Peggie M, Cuenda A. Proteolysis of the tumour suppressor hDlg in response to osmotic stress is mediated by caspases and independent of phosphorylation. FEBS J 2008; 276:387-400. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06783.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Qi X, Pohl NM, Loesch M, Hou S, Li R, Qin JZ, Cuenda A, Chen G. p38α Antagonizes p38γ Activity through c-Jun-dependent Ubiquitin-proteasome Pathways in Regulating Ras Transformation and Stress Response. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:31398-408. [PMID: 17724032 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703857200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
p38 MAPK family consists of four isoform proteins (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) that are activated by the same stimuli, but the information about how these proteins act together to yield a biological response is missing. Here we show a feed-forward mechanism by which p38alpha may regulate Ras transformation and stress response through depleting its family member p38gamma protein via c-Jun-dependent ubiquitin-proteasome pathways. Analyses of MAPK kinase 6 (MKK6)-p38 fusion proteins showed that constitutively active p38alpha (MKK6-p38alpha) and p38gamma (MKK6-p38gamma) stimulates and inhibits c-Jun phosphorylation respectively, leading to a distinct AP-1 regulation. Depending on cell type and/or stimuli, p38alpha phosphorylation results in either Ras-transformation inhibition or a cell-death escalation that invariably couples with a decrease in p38gamma protein expression. p38gamma, on the other hand, increases Ras-dependent growth or inhibits stress induced cell-death independent of phosphorylation. In cells expressing both proteins, p38alpha phosphorylation decreases p38gamma protein expression, whereas its inhibition increases cellular p38gamma concentrations, indicating an active role of p38alpha phosphorylation in negatively regulating p38gamma protein expression. Mechanistic analyses show that p38alpha requires c-Jun activation to deplete p38gamma proteins by ubiquitin-proteasome pathways. These results suggest that p38alpha may, upon phosphorylation, act as a gatekeeper of the p38 MAPK family to yield a coordinative biological response through disrupting its antagonistic p38gamma family protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Qi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zablocki Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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Cuenda A, Rousseau S. p38 MAP-kinases pathway regulation, function and role in human diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta 2007; 1773:1358-75. [PMID: 17481747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 980] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are activated by a wide range of cellular stresses as well as in response to inflammatory cytokines. There are four members of the p38MAPK family (p38alpha, p38beta, p38gamma and p38delta) which are about 60% identical in their amino acid sequence but differ in their expression patterns, substrate specificities and sensitivities to chemical inhibitors such as SB203580. A large body of evidences indicates that p38MAPK activity is critical for normal immune and inflammatory response. The p38MAPK pathway is a key regulator of pro-inflammatory cytokines biosynthesis at the transcriptional and translational levels, which makes different components of this pathway potential targets for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, recent studies have shed light on the broad effect of p38MAPK activation in the control of many other aspects of the physiology of the cell, such as control of cell cycle or cytoskeleton remodelling. Here we focus on these emergent roles of p38MAPKs and their implication in different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cuenda
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, College of life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.
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Rousseau S, Dolado I, Beardmore V, Shpiro N, Marquez R, Nebreda AR, Arthur JSC, Case LM, Tessier-Lavigne M, Gaestel M, Cuenda A, Cohen P. CXCL12 and C5a trigger cell migration via a PAK1/2-p38α MAPK-MAPKAP-K2-HSP27 pathway. Cell Signal 2006; 18:1897-905. [PMID: 16574378 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Revised: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 02/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is critical for many processes, such as angiogenesis, inflammation, development and wound healing, and is also involved in tumour progression and metastasis. Here we show that CXCL12, complement factor 5a (C5a), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, which stimulate cell migration, also activate p38alpha MAPK. Pharmacological inhibition of this protein kinase with SB 203580 or BIRB 0796, or the genetic ablation of p38alpha MAPK, blocked cell migration induced by the aforementioned chemo-attractants. Macrophages from mice lacking one or more of the other p38 MAPK isoforms showed normal cell migration in response to C5a. We also show that the activation of p38alpha MAPK in response to CXCL12 requires the p21-activated protein kinases (PAK)-1 and PAK-2. MAPKAP-K2 is a protein kinase that is activated by p38alpha MAPK. Reducing its expression using RNA interference blocked CXCL12-induced HeLa cell migration, while macrophages from mice that do not express MAPKAP-K2 failed to migrate in response to C5a. Moreover, RNA interference against the small heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), a physiological substrate of MAPKAP-K2, blocked the CXCL12-induced cell migration. These results demonstrate a general and essential role of the PAK-p38alpha MAPK-MAPKAP-K2-HSP27 signalling pathway in mediating the effects of chemotactic stimuli on cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rousseau
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, CIR building, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom.
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Massimi P, Narayan N, Cuenda A, Banks L. Phosphorylation of the discs large tumour suppressor protein controls its membrane localisation and enhances its susceptibility to HPV E6-induced degradation. Oncogene 2006; 25:4276-85. [PMID: 16532034 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The Discs Large (Dlg) protein is intimately involved in regulating cell polarity and cell proliferation, and is targeted by the high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) E6 proteins for proteasome-mediated degradation. We show here that exposure of cells to osmotic shock induces the hyperphosphorylation of Dlg and its concomitant accumulation within the cell membrane at sites of cell contact, a process that requires an intact actin filament network. In addition, hyperphosphorylation of Dlg also renders it more susceptible to degradation induced by the HPV-18 E6 oncoprotein. Mutational analysis of Dlg identifies a region within the first 185 amino acids as being important for this, with phosphorylation on residue S158 being responsible for its enhanced targeting by the E6 oncoprotein. Using specific kinase inhibitors, we show that Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is in part responsible for this phosphorylation, and for the subsequent Dlg accumulation at sites of cell contact. These results further support the notion of a complex phosphorylation-dependent regulation of Dlg, both with respect to its precise cellular localisation and to its susceptibility to proteasome-mediated degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Massimi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
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Eyers C, McNeill H, Knebel A, Morrice N, Arthur S, Cuenda A, Cohen P. The phosphorylation of CapZ-interacting protein (CapZIP) by stress-activated protein kinases triggers its dissociation from CapZ. Biochem J 2005; 389:127-35. [PMID: 15850461 PMCID: PMC1184545 DOI: 10.1042/bj20050387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A protein expressed in immune cells and muscle was detected in muscle extracts as a substrate for several SAPKs (stress-activated protein kinases). It interacted specifically with the F-actin capping protein CapZ in splenocytes, and was therefore termed 'CapZIP' (CapZ-interacting protein). Human CapZIP was phosphorylated at Ser-179 and Ser-244 by MAPKAP-K2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2) or MAPKAP-K3 in vitro. Anisomycin induced the phosphorylation of CapZIP at Ser-179 in Jurkat cells, which was prevented by SB 203580, consistent with phosphorylation by MAPKAP-K2 and/or MAPKAP-K3. However, osmotic shock-induced phosphorylation of Ser-179 was unaffected by SB 203580. These and other results suggest that CapZIP is phosphorylated at Ser-179 in cells by MAPKAP-K2/MAPKAP-K3, and at least one other protein kinase. Stress-activated MAP kinase family members phosphorylated human CapZIP at many sites, including Ser-68, Ser-83, Ser-108 and Ser-216. Ser-108 became phosphorylated when Jurkat cells were exposed to osmotic shock, which was unaffected by SB 203580 and/or PD 184352, or in splenocytes from mice that do not express either SAPK3/p38gamma or SAPK4/p38delta. Our results suggest that CapZIP may be phosphorylated by JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), which phosphorylates CapZIP to >5 mol/mol within minutes in vitro. Osmotic shock or anisomycin triggered the dissociation of CapZIP from CapZ in Jurkat cells, suggesting that phosphorylation of CapZIP may regulate the ability of CapZ to remodel actin filament assembly in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Eyers
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, U.K
| | - Helen McNeill
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, U.K
| | - Axel Knebel
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, U.K
| | - Nick Morrice
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, U.K
| | - Simon J. C. Arthur
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, U.K
| | - Ana Cuenda
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, U.K
| | - Philip Cohen
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, U.K
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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McNEILL H, Knebel A, Arthur J, Cuenda A, Cohen P. A novel UBA and UBX domain protein that binds polyubiquitin and VCP and is a substrate for SAPKs. Biochem J 2005; 384:391-400. [PMID: 15362974 PMCID: PMC1134123 DOI: 10.1042/bj20041498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A widely expressed protein containing UBA (ubiquitin-associated) and UBX (ubiquitin-like) domains was identified as a substrate of SAPKs (stress-activated protein kinases). Termed SAKS1 (SAPK substrate-1), it was phosphorylated efficiently at Ser200 in vitro by SAPK3/p38gamma, SAPK4/p38delta and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), but weakly by SAPK2a/p38alpha, SAPK2b/p38beta2 or ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) 2. Ser200, situated immediately N-terminal to the UBX domain, became phosphorylated in HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney) cells in response to stressors. Phosphorylation was not prevented by SB 203580 (an inhibitor of SAPK2a/p38alpha and SAPK2b/p38beta2) and/or PD 184352 (which inhibits the activation of ERK1 and ERK2), and was similar in fibroblasts lacking both SAPK3/p38gamma and SAPK4/p38delta or JNK1 and JNK2. SAKS1 bound ubiquitin tetramers and VCP (valosin-containing protein) in vitro via the UBA and UBX domains respectively. The amount of VCP in cell extracts that bound to immobilized GST (glutathione S-transferase)-SAKS1 was enhanced by elevating the level of polyubiquitinated proteins, while SAKS1 and VCP in extracts were coimmunoprecipitated with an antibody raised against S5a, a component of the 19 S proteasomal subunit that binds polyubiquitinated proteins. PNGase (peptide N-glycanase) formed a 1:1 complex with VCP and, for this reason, also bound to immobilized GST-SAKS1. We suggest that SAKS1 may be an adaptor that directs VCP to polyubiquitinated proteins, and PNGase to misfolded glycoproteins, facilitating their destruction by the proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen McNEILL
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, MSI/WTB complex, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, U.K
| | - Axel Knebel
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, MSI/WTB complex, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, U.K
| | - J. Simon C. Arthur
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, MSI/WTB complex, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, U.K
| | - Ana Cuenda
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, MSI/WTB complex, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, U.K
| | - Philip Cohen
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, MSI/WTB complex, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, U.K
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Abstract
The compound BIRB796 inhibits the stress-activated protein kinases p38alpha and p38beta and is undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Here we report that BIRB796 also inhibits the activity and the activation of SAPK3/p38gamma. This occurs at higher concentrations of BIRB796 than those that inhibit p38alpha and p38beta and at lower concentrations than those that inhibit the activation of JNK isoforms. We also show that at these concentrations, BIRB796 blocks the stress-induced phosphorylation of the scaffold protein SAP97, further establishing that this is a physiological substrate of SAPK3/p38gamma. Our results demonstrate that BIRB796, in combination with SB203580, a compound that inhibits p38alpha and p38beta, but not the other p38 isoforms, can be used to identify physiological substrates of SAPK3/p38gamma as well as those of p38alpha and p38beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Kuma
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation Unit, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
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Sabio G, Arthur JSC, Kuma Y, Peggie M, Carr J, Murray-Tait V, Centeno F, Goedert M, Morrice NA, Cuenda A. p38gamma regulates the localisation of SAP97 in the cytoskeleton by modulating its interaction with GKAP. EMBO J 2005; 24:1134-45. [PMID: 15729360 PMCID: PMC556394 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2004] [Accepted: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the p38 MAP kinase pathways is crucial for the adaptation of mammalian cells to changes in the osmolarity of the environment. Here we identify SAP97/hDlg, the mammalian homologue of the Drosophila tumour suppressor Dlg, as a physiological substrate for the p38gamma MAP kinase (SAPK3/p38gamma) isoform. SAP97/hDlg is a scaffold protein that forms multiprotein complexes with a variety of proteins and is targeted to the cytoskeleton by its association with the protein guanylate kinase-associated protein (GKAP). The SAPK3/p38gamma-catalysed phosphorylation of SAP97/hDlg triggers its dissociation from GKAP and therefore releases it from the cytoskeleton. This is likely to regulate the integrity of intercellular-junctional complexes, and cell shape and volume in response to osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Sabio
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Departmento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Yvonne Kuma
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Mark Peggie
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Julia Carr
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Francisco Centeno
- Departmento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Michel Goedert
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ana Cuenda
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow St., Dundee DD1 5EH, UK. Tel.: +44 1382 344241; Fax: +44 1382 223778; E-mail:
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Feijoo C, Campbell DG, Jakes R, Goedert M, Cuenda A. Evidence that phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau by SAPK4/p38δ at Thr50 promotes microtubule assembly. J Cell Sci 2005; 118:397-408. [PMID: 15632108 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation regulates both normal and pathological Tau functioning. This microtubule-associated protein plays a role in the organization and integrity of the neuronal cytoskeleton under normal conditions and becomes hyperphosphorylated and aggregated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases referred to as tauopathies. In this study, we identify and compare the residues in human Tau phosphorylated in vitro by all four p38 MAPK isoforms, and study the regulation of the phosphorylation of Thr50, under conditions where p38 MAPKs are active in cells. Through biochemical analysis, loss of function studies and analysis of endogenous and overexpressed Tau proteins, we show that SAPK4/p38δ is the major kinase phosphorylating Thr50 in Tau, when cells are exposed to osmotic stress. We also show that mutation of Thr50 to glutamic acid, which mimics phosphorylation, increases the ability of Tau to promote tubulin polymerisation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we show that Thr50 is phosphorylated in filamentous Tau from Alzheimer's disease brain. These findings suggest a role for Tau in the adaptative response of neurons to stress and indicate that SAPK4/p38δ and/or SAPK3/p38δ may contribute to the hyperphosphorylation of Tau in the human tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Feijoo
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
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Sabio G, Reuver S, Feijoo C, Hasegawa M, Thomas GM, Centeno F, Kuhlendahl S, Leal-Ortiz S, Goedert M, Garner C, Cuenda A. Stress- and mitogen-induced phosphorylation of the synapse-associated protein SAP90/PSD-95 by activation of SAPK3/p38gamma and ERK1/ERK2. Biochem J 2004; 380:19-30. [PMID: 14741046 PMCID: PMC1224136 DOI: 10.1042/bj20031628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2003] [Revised: 01/07/2004] [Accepted: 01/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SAPK3 (stress-activated protein kinase-3, also known as p38gamma) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family; it phosphorylates substrates in response to cellular stress, and has been shown to bind through its C-terminal sequence to the PDZ domain of alpha1-syntrophin. In the present study, we show that SAP90 [(synapse-associated protein 90; also known as PSD-95 (postsynaptic density-95)] is a novel physiological substrate for both SAPK3/p38gamma and the ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase). SAPK3/p38gamma binds preferentially to the third PDZ domain of SAP90 and phosphorylates residues Thr287 and Ser290 in vitro, and Ser290 in cells in response to cellular stresses. Phosphorylation of SAP90 is dependent on the binding of SAPK3/p38gamma to the PDZ domain of SAP90. It is not blocked by SB 203580, which inhibits SAPK2a/p38alpha and SAPK2b/p38beta but not SAPK3/p38gamma, or by the ERK pathway inhibitor PD 184352. However, phosphorylation is abolished when cells are treated with a cell-permeant Tat fusion peptide that disrupts the interaction of SAPK3/p38gamma with SAP90. ERK2 also phosphorylates SAP90 at Thr287 and Ser290 in vitro, but this does not require PDZ-dependent binding. SAP90 also becomes phosphorylated in response to mitogens, and this phosphorylation is prevented by pretreatment of the cells with PD 184352, but not with SB 203580. In neurons, SAP90 and SAPK3/p38gamma co-localize and they are co-immunoprecipitated from brain synaptic junctional preparations. These results demonstrate that SAP90 is a novel binding partner for SAPK3/p38gamma, a first physiological substrate described for SAPK3/p38gamma and a novel substrate for ERK1/ERK2, and that phosphorylation of SAP90 may play a role in regulating protein-protein interactions at the synapse in response to adverse stress- or mitogen-related stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Sabio
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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Kuma Y, Campbell DG, Cuenda A. Identification of glycogen synthase as a new substrate for stress-activated protein kinase 2b/p38beta. Biochem J 2004; 379:133-9. [PMID: 14680475 PMCID: PMC1224046 DOI: 10.1042/bj20031559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2003] [Revised: 12/10/2003] [Accepted: 12/17/2003] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous glycogen synthase in extracts from mouse skeletal muscle, liver and brain bound specifically to SAPK2b (stress-activated protein kinase 2b)/p38b, but not to other members of the group of SAPK/p38 kinases. Glycogen synthase was phosphorylated in vitro more efficiently by SAPK2b/p38b than by SAPK2a/p38a, SAPK3/p38g or SAPK4/p38d. SAPK2b/p38b phosphorylated glycogen synthase in vitro at residues Ser644, Ser652, Thr718 and Ser724, two of which (Ser644 and Ser652) are also phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase 3. Thr718 and Ser724 are novel sites not known to be phosphorylated by other protein kinases. Glycogen synthase becomes phosphorylated at Ser644 in response to osmotic shock; this phosphorylation is prevented by pretreatment of the cells with SB 203580, which inhibits SAPK2a/p38a and SAPK2b/p38b activity. In vitro, phosphorylation of glycogen synthase by SAPK2b/p38b alone had no significant effect on its activity, indicating that phosphorylation at residue Ser644 itself is insufficient to decrease glycogen synthase activity. However, after phosphorylation by SAPK2b/p38b, subsequent phosphorylation at Ser640 by glycogen synthase kinase 3 decreased the activity of glycogen synthase. This decrease was not observed when SAPK2b/p38b activity was blocked with SB 203580. These results suggest that SAPK2b/p38b may be a priming kinase that allows glycogen synthase kinase 3 to phosphorylate Ser640 and thereby inhibit glycogen synthase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Kuma
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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Mora A, Sabio G, Risco AM, Cuenda A, Alonso JC, Soler G, Centeno F. Lithium blocks the PKB and GSK3 dephosphorylation induced by ceramide through protein phosphatase-2A. Cell Signal 2002; 14:557-62. [PMID: 11897496 DOI: 10.1016/s0898-6568(01)00282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical mechanism of apoptosis induced by ceramide remains still unclear, although it has been reported that dephosphorylation of PKB at Ser-473 may be a key event. In this article, we show that C(2)-ceramide (N-acetyl-sphingosine) induces the dephosphorylation of both protein kinase B (PKB) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) in cerebellar granule cells (CGC). We also show that lithium protects against the apoptosis induced by C(2)-ceramide by blocking the dephosphorylation of both kinases. Since lithium inhibits in vivo the observed protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A) activation induced by ceramide, we hypothesise that the neuroprotective action of lithium may be due to the inhibition of the PP2A activation by apoptotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Mora
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida Universidad s/n, 10071 Cáceres, Spain.
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Mora A, Sabio G, González-Polo RA, Cuenda A, Alessi DR, Alonso JC, Fuentes JM, Soler G, Centeno F. Lithium inhibits caspase 3 activation and dephosphorylation of PKB and GSK3 induced by K+ deprivation in cerebellar granule cells. J Neurochem 2001; 78:199-206. [PMID: 11432986 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lithium protects cerebellar granule cells from apoptosis induced by low potassium, and also from other apoptotic stimuli. However, the precise mechanism by which this occurs is not understood. When cerebellar granule cells were switched to low potassium medium, the activation of caspase 3 was detected within 6 h, suggesting a role of caspase 3 in mediating apoptosis under conditions of low potassium. In the same conditions, lithium (5 mM) inhibited the activation of caspase 3 induced by low potassium. As lithium did not inhibit caspase 3 activity in vitro, these results suggest that this ion inhibits an upstream component that is required for caspase 3 activation. Lithium is known to inhibit a kinase termed glycogen sythase kinase 3 (GSK3), which is implicated in the survival pathway of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/PKB). Here we demonstrate that low potassium in the absence of lithium induces the dephosphorylation, and therefore the activation, of GSK3. However, when lithium was present, GSK3 remained phosphorylated at the same level as observed under conditions of high potassium. Low potassium induced the dephosphorylation and inactivation of PKB, whereas when lithium was present PKB was not dephosphorylated. Our results allow us to propose a new hypothesis about the action mechanism of lithium, this ion could inhibit a serine-threonine phosphatase induced by potassium deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mora
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenue Universidad s/n, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cuenda
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, University of Dundee, UK
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