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Su R, Zhuang J, Liu S, Liu D, Feng K. EnILs: A General Ensemble Computational Approach for Predicting Inducing Peptides of Multiple Interleukins. J Comput Biol 2023; 30:1289-1304. [PMID: 38010531 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2023.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukins (ILs) are a group of multifunctional cytokines, which play important roles in immune regulations and inflammatory responses. Recently, IL-6 has been found to affect the development of COVID-19, and significantly elevated levels of IL-6 cytokines have been reported in patients with severe COVID-19. IL-10 and IL-17 are anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines, respectively, which play multiple protective roles in host defense against pathogens. At present, a number of machine learning methods have been proposed to predict ILs inducing peptides, but their predictive performance needs to be further improved, and the inducing peptides of different ILs are predicted separately, rather than using a general approach. In our work, we combine the statistical features of peptide sequence with word embedding to design a general ensemble model named EnILs to predict inducing peptides of different ILs, in which the predictive probabilities of random forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting and neural network are integrated in an average way. Compared with the state-of-the-art machine learning methods, EnILs shows considerable performance in the prediction of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 inducing peptides. In addition, we predict the most promising IL-6 inducing peptides in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 spike protein in the case study for further experimental verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Department of Statistics, School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jujuan Zhuang
- Department of Statistics, School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuhan Liu
- Department of Statistics, School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Information Science and Technology College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Kexin Feng
- Department of Statistics, School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Yang G, Kang HC, Cho YY, Lee HS, Lee JY. Inflammasomes and their roles in arthritic disease pathogenesis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1027917. [PMID: 36387275 PMCID: PMC9650081 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1027917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a molecular platform that is created in the cytosolic compartment to mediate the host immunological response to cellular injury and infection. Caspase-1 may be activated by the inflammasome, which leads to the generation of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 and the beginning of pyroptosis, which is a type of proinflammatory cell death. Scientists have identified a number of different inflammasomes in the last 2 decades. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been studied the most, and its activity may be triggered by a broad range of different inducers. However, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in a manner that is not properly controlled is also a factor in the etiology of many human illnesses. Accumulating evidence indicates that the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a significant role in the innate and adaptive immune systems and the development of various arthritic illnesses, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout. The present review provides a concise summary of the biological properties of the NLRP3 inflammasome and presents the fundamental processes behind its activation and control. We discuss the role of the inflammasome in the pathogenesis of arthritic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout, and the potential of newly developed therapies that specifically target the inflammasome or its products for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, with a particular emphasis on treatment and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabsik Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Han Chang Kang
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Paiva IA, Badolato-Corrêa J, Familiar-Macedo D, de-Oliveira-Pinto LM. Th17 Cells in Viral Infections-Friend or Foe? Cells 2021; 10:cells10051159. [PMID: 34064728 PMCID: PMC8151546 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells are recognized as indispensable in inducing protective immunity against bacteria and fungi, as they promote the integrity of mucosal epithelial barriers. It is believed that Th17 cells also play a central role in the induction of autoimmune diseases. Recent advances have evaluated Th17 effector functions during viral infections, including their critical role in the production and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and in the recruitment and activation of other immune cells. Thus, Th17 is involved in the induction both of pathogenicity and immunoprotective mechanisms seen in the host's immune response against viruses. However, certain Th17 cells can also modulate immune responses, since they can secrete immunosuppressive factors, such as IL-10; these cells are called non-pathogenic Th17 cells. Here, we present a brief review of Th17 cells and highlight their involvement in some virus infections. We cover these notions by highlighting the role of Th17 cells in regulating the protective and pathogenic immune response in the context of viral infections. In addition, we will be describing myocarditis and multiple sclerosis as examples of immune diseases triggered by viral infections, in which we will discuss further the roles of Th17 cells in the induction of tissue damage.
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Duan J, Deng T, Kang J, Chen M. DINP aggravates autoimmune thyroid disease through activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway and suppression of autophagy in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:316-324. [PMID: 30447474 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) is used as a substitute for traditional phthalates, in a wide range of applications. However, there is growing concern regarding its toxicity. Studies have indicated that DINP is related to thyroid hormone disorder and that phthalates can affect thyroid normal function. In this study, we aim to determine any effects of DINP exposure on autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), the most common autoimmune disease, and to understand the underlying causal mechanism. AITD model Wistar rats were exposed to 0.15 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg DINP. We assessed the thyroid globulin antibody levels, Th1/Th2 balance, histopathological changes and caspase-3 levels in the thyroid. The data show that exposure to DINP does indeed aggravate AITD. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we examined the levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 B (LC3B), Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) and the appearance of autophagosomes or autolysosomes to assess autophagy in the thyroid. The results show that DINP can suppress normal autophagy. We found that DINP induced an exacerbation of oxidative stress and the activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway, indicating that oxidative stress and activation of mTOR may play a key role in these processes. Moreover, the activation of mTOR also promoted the expression of IL-17. Importantly, blocking oxidative stress with VE or blocking Akt/mTOR with rapamycin mitigated the exacerbation of AITD and the suppression of normal autophagy. All these results indicate that exposure to DINP, especially high doses of DINP, can aggravate oxidative stress and activate the Akt/mTOR pathway. This exposure then leads to a suppression of normal autophagy and expression of IL-17 in the thyroid, resulting in an eventual exacerbation of AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiufei Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Kang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Mingqing Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
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Ma T, Wang X, Jiao Y, Wang H, Qi Y, Gong H, Zhang L, Jiang D. Interleukin 17 (IL-17)-Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prolong the Survival of Allogeneic Skin Grafts. Ann Transplant 2018; 23:615-621. [PMID: 30166501 PMCID: PMC6248056 DOI: 10.12659/aot.909381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential of self-renewal and multi-differentiation and have a wide application prospect in organ transplantation for the effect of inducing immune tolerance. It has found that interleukin 17 (IL-17) could enhance the inhibition effect of MSCs on T cell proliferation and increase the immunosuppressive effect of MSCs. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of IL-17-induced MSCs on allograft survival time after transplantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS BMSCs were characterized by differential staining. The allogenic skin transplantations were performed and the BMSCs pre-treated by IL-17 were injected. To assess the immunosuppressive function of IL-17-induced BMSCs, the morphology of the grafts, the homing ability of the BMSCs, and the survival time of the grafts were analyzed. RESULTS BMSCs from BALB/c have multidirectional differentiation potential to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineage cells. IL-17-induced BMSCs prolonged the survival time of allogeneic skin grafts dramatically. We found that there were more labeled MSCs in the skin grafts, and the Treg subpopulations percentage, IL-10, and TGF-β were significantly increased, while the IFN-γ level was decreased compared to the control group and MSCs group. In conclusion, IL-17 can enhance the homing ability of MSCs and regulate the immunosuppressive function of MSC. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that IL-17 plays the crucial role in MSC homing behaviors and promotes immunosuppression of MSCs during transplantation procedures, suggesting that IL-17-pre-treated MSCs have potential to prolong graft survival and reduce transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengxiao Ma
- Department of Emergency and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Plastic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Emergency and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Ya Jiao
- Department of Emergency and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Haitao Wang
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yongjun Qi
- Department of Emergency and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hongmin Gong
- Department of Emergency and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Longxiao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Duyin Jiang
- Department of Emergency and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Wang Y, Pang N, Wang X, Liu Y, Wang X, Wang L, Sun M, Yasen H, Zhao F, Fan W, Guo X, Ding J. Percentages of PD-1 +CD4 +T cells and PD-L1 +DCs are increased and sPD-1 level is elevated in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:832-838. [PMID: 29333980 PMCID: PMC5893189 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1342913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study is to measure the expression of programmed death (PD)-1 / programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) negative costimulatory molecules, soluble format sPD-1 in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and to investigate their correlation with the secretion of cytokines. A total of 35 patients with ITP were included in the present study. Twenty healthy subjects who received physical examination at our hospital were included as control group. Peripheral blood was collected from all ITP patients and healthy subjects. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the percentages of PD-1+CD4+T cells and PD-L1+DCs in ITP patients and healthy subjects. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure the concentrations of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-17 and sPD-1 in peripheral blood from ITP patients and healthy subjects. Percentages of PD-1+CD4+T cells and PD-L1+DCs in peripheral blood from ITP patients before treatment were significantly higher than that from healthy subjects, but were not different from those after treatment. Serum concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-17 and sPD-1 in ITP patients before treatment were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects, and these concentrations were significantly reduced after treatment. The concentration of sPD-1 was positively correlated with the concentration of IFN-γ, and negatively correlated with platelet count. Percentages of PD-1+CD4+T cells and PD-L1+DCs in ITP patients are higher than those in healthy subjects, but elevated sPD-1 concentration in the blood blocks PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, leading to unaffected Th cell function. Elevated concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-17 in the blood may participate in the occurrence and development of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Hematology Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Nannan Pang
- Hematology Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Xinyou Wang
- Hematology Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Hematology Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Hematology Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hematology Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Mingling Sun
- Hematology Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Halida Yasen
- Hematology Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Hematology Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Wenxia Fan
- Hematology Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Xinhong Guo
- Hematology Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Jianbing Ding
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Major Diseases in Xinjiang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
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Wu DM, Wang S, Shen M, Wang YJ, Zhang B, Wu ZQ, Lu J, Zheng YL. S100A9 gene silencing inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by blocking the IL-17 signalling pathway in mice with acute pancreatitis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2378-2389. [PMID: 29441717 PMCID: PMC5867138 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate whether S100A9 gene silencing mediating the IL‐17 pathway affected the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in acute pancreatitis (AP). Kunming mice were assigned to the normal, AP, AP + negative control (NC), AP + shRNA, AP + IgG and AP + anti IL‐17 groups. ELISA was applied to measure expressions of AMY, LDH, CRP, TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐8. The cells were distributed into the control, blank, NC, shRNA1 and shRNA2 groups. MTT assay, flow cytometry, RT‐qPCR and Western blotting were used to evaluate cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis, and expressions of S100A9, TLR4, RAGE, IL‐17, HMGB1 and S100A12 in tissues and cells. Compared with the normal group, the AP group displayed increased expressions of AMY, LDH, CRP, TNFα, IL‐6, IL‐8, S100A9, TLR4, RAGE, IL‐17, HMGB1 and S100A12. The AP + shRNA and AP + anti IL‐17 groups exhibited an opposite trend. The in vivo results: Compare with the control group, the blank, NC, shRNA1 and shRNA2 groups demonstrated increased expressions of S100A9, TLR4, RAGE, IL‐17, HMGB1 and S100A12, as well as cell apoptosis and cells at the G1 phase, with reduced proliferation. Compared with the blank and NC groups, the shRNA1 and shRNA2 groups had declined expressions of S100A9, TLR4, RAGE, IL‐17, HMGB1 and S100A12, as well as cell apoptosis and cells at the G1 phase, with elevated proliferation. The results indicated that S100A9 gene silencing suppressed the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines through blocking of the IL‐17 pathway in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.,College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.,College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Min Shen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.,College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yong-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.,College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qi Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.,College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.,College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
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Duan J, Kang J, Deng T, Yang X, Chen M. Exposure to DBP and High Iodine Aggravates Autoimmune Thyroid Disease Through Increasing the Levels of IL-17 and Thyroid-Binding Globulin in Wistar Rats. Toxicol Sci 2018; 163:196-205. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiufei Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Jun Kang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Ting Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
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Ma XF, Wang XD, Liu RR, Luan QX. Efficacy research of salazosulfamide in ankylosing spondylitis and NAT1 gene polymorphism. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2999-3003. [PMID: 28912853 PMCID: PMC5585730 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the correlation of salazosulfamide efficacy on ankylosing spondylitis and N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) gene polymorphism. Thirty-two patients with ankylosing spondylitis were recruited in the experimental group and 36 normal individuals were recruited to the control group. The experimental group received 8.0 mg of salazosulfamide (MTX) per week and the control group received isodose of normal saline. Twenty-six patients in the experimental group responded to the salazosulfamide treatment and 6 did not show response. Morning stiffness time of patients in the experimental group who responded to salazosulfamide was significantly lower than that of patients with no reaction to salazosulfamide, and similar to patients in the control group. The average tender joint count of patients in the experimental group that responded to salazosulfamide was lower than in patients with no response to treatment, and similar to patients in the control group. NAT1 gene sequencing determined that the patients sensitive to salazosulfamide treatment manifested as AA/AG at 263 locus, whereas patients not sensitive to salazosulfamide were GG. NAT1 expression was comparable between the different genotypes at the mRNA level. However, there was a significant difference of NAT1 protein between groups. Overall, salazosulfamide demonstrates curative activity for ankylosing spondylitis and we believe that NAT1 AA/GG genotype at 263 locus can promote salazosulfamide effectiveness on ankylosing spondylitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Fen Ma
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Run-Rong Liu
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Xia Luan
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
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Almanzar G, Klein M, Schmalzing M, Hilligardt D, El Hajj N, Kneitz H, Wild V, Rosenwald A, Benoit S, Hamm H, Tony HP, Haaf T, Goebeler M, Prelog M. Disease Manifestation and Inflammatory Activity as Modulators of Th17/Treg Balance and RORC/FoxP3 Methylation in Systemic Sclerosis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 171:141-154. [DOI: 10.1159/000450949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Lim SM, Lee SY, Jeong JJ, Choi HS, Chang HB, Kim DH. DW2007 Ameliorates Colitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice by Correcting Th17/Treg Imbalance and Inhibiting NF-κB Activation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:638-649. [PMID: 27302961 PMCID: PMC5098544 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the previous study, the rhizome mixture of Anemarrhena asphodeloides and Coptis chinensis (DW2007), improved TNBS-, oxazolone-, or DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating macrophage activation. Therefore, to understand the effect of DW2007 on the T cell differentiation involved in the adaptive immunity, we measured its effect on both Th17 and Treg cell differentiation in splenocytes, in the lamina propria of mice with DSS-induced colitis (DIC), and in the spleens of mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Results showed that DW2007 potently inhibited the differentiation of splenocytes into Th17 cells, but increased Treg cell differentiation in vitro. In the colon of wild type and TLR4-/- mice with DIC, DW2007 potently suppressed DSS-induced colon shortening and myeloperoxidase activity. DW2007 also suppressed collagen-induced paw thickening, clinical index, and myeloperoxidase activity in CIA mice. Overall, DW2007 potently suppressed Th17 cell differentiation in mice with CIA and DIC, but increased Treg cell differentiation. Moreover, DW2007 strongly inhibited the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as the activation of NF-κB. Based on these findings, DW2007 may ameliorate inflammatory diseases by regulating the innate immunity via the inhibition of macrophage activation and the adaptive immunity via the correction of disturbed Th17/Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Lim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yun Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Jeong
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Choi
- DongWha Pharm Research Institute, Yongin 04637, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Bong Chang
- DongWha Pharm Research Institute, Yongin 04637, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Grim19 Attenuates DSS Induced Colitis in an Animal Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155853. [PMID: 27258062 PMCID: PMC4892643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DSS induced colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, which destabilizes the gut and induces an uncontrolled immune response. Although DSS induced colitis is generally thought to develop as a result of an abnormally active intestinal immune system, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Gene associated with retinoid interferon induced mortality (Grim) 19 is an endogenous specific inhibitor of STAT3, which regulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we investigated the influence of GRIM19 in a DSS induced colitis mouse model. We hypothesized that Grim19 would ameliorate DSS induced colitis by altering STAT3 activity and intestinal inflammation. Grim19 ameliorated DSS induced colitis severity and protected intestinal tissue. The expression of STAT3 and proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α in colon and lymph nodes was decreased significantly by Grim19. Moreover, DSS induced colitis progression in a Grim19 transgenic mouse line was inhibited in association with a reduction in STAT3 and IL-17 expression. These results suggest that Grim19 attenuates DSS induced colitis by suppressing the excessive inflammatory response mediated by STAT3 activation.
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Lee SY, Lee SH, Park SJ, Kim DJ, Kim EK, Kim JK, Yang SH, Park SH, Sung YC, Kim HY, Cho ML. (p40)2-Fc reduces immune-inflammatory response through the activation of T cells in collagen induced arthritis mice. Immunol Lett 2016; 176:36-43. [PMID: 27229912 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
IL-12p40 homodimer, a natural antagonist of IL-12 and IL-23, performs an important role in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines that is essential for Th1 and Th17 immune responses. Here, we reveal the therapeutic and immunosuppressive effect of the IL-12p40 subunit ((p40)2-Fc) in an experimental autoimmune arthritis model. We hypothesized that (p40)2-Fc may reduce the inflammatory response and the activation of T cells. In this study, we intraperitoneally injected (p40)2-Fc into collagen induced arthritis (CIA) mice to identify whether (p40)2-Fc attenuates CIA severity. (p40)2-Fc reduced the development of CIA, joint inflammation and cartilage destruction. (p40)2-Fc also significantly decreased the concentration of serum immunoglobulin as well as the number of T cells and C II specific T cells. In addition, osteoclastogenesis in (p40)2-Fc treated mice was down-regulated compared to the mice treated with (p40)2-Fc control. We observed that (p40)2-Fc treatment alleviates arthritis in mice with CIA, reducing inflammation and osteoclast differentiation. These findings suggest that (p40)2-Fc can be a potential therapeutic approach for autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Yeong Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jeong Park
- Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Doo-Jin Kim
- Research Center for Viral Infectious Diseases and Control, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Sung-Hwan Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Chul Sung
- Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, World Class University, Pohang University of Science and Technology Biotechnology Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Laboratory of Immune Network, Conversant Research Consortium in Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, South Korea.
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14
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Lim SM, Jeong JJ, Choi HS, Chang HB, Kim DH. Mangiferin corrects the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells in mice with TNBS-induced colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 34:220-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
The immune system is essential for host defense against pathogen infections; however dysregulated immune response may lead to inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Elevated activation of both innate immune cells and T cells such as Th17 cells are linked to many autoimmune diseases, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS), arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To keep immune homeostasis, the immune system develops a number of negative feedback mechanisms, such as the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, to dampen excessive production of inflammatory cytokines and uncontrolled activation of immune cells. Our recent studies uncover a novel immunoregulatory function of interferon (IFN) pathways on the innate and antigen-specific immune response. Our results show that IFNα/β induced IL-10 production from macrophages and Th17 cells, which in turn negatively regulated Th17 function in autoimmune diseases such as Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of human MS. In a chronic colitis model resembling human IBD, we also found that IL-10 inhibited inflammasome/IL-1 pathway, and the pathogenicity of Th17 cells, leading to reduced chronic intestinal inflammation. Results from our and other studies further suggest that IL-10 produced by both macrophages and regulatory T cells may shift Th17 into more regulatory phenotypes, leading to reduced inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beichu Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina 29425-5040, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina 29425-5040, USA
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Miao CG, Xiong YY, Yu H, Zhang XL, Qin MS, Song TW, Du CL. Critical roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis: New advances, challenges and potential directions. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:626-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Ran WZ, Dong L, Tang CY, Zhou Y, Sun GY, Liu T, Liu YP, Guan CX. Vasoactive intestinal peptide suppresses macrophage-mediated inflammation by downregulating interleukin-17A expression via PKA- and PKC-dependent pathways. Int J Exp Pathol 2015; 96:269-75. [PMID: 25944684 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that markedly enhances inflammatory responses in the lungs by recruiting neutrophils and interacting with other pro-inflammatory mediators. Reducing the expression of IL-17A could attenuate inflammation in the lungs. However, whether VIP exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the expression of IL-17A has remained unclear. Here, we show that there is a remarkable increase of IL-17A in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue of mice with acute lung injury (ALI). Moreover, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulated elevated expression of IL-17A, which was evident by the enhanced levels of mRNA and protein observed. Furthermore, we also found that VIP inhibited LPS-mediated IL-17A expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner in an in vitro model of ALI and that this process might be mediated via the phosphokinase A (PKA) and phosphokinase C (PKC) pathways. Taken together, our results demonstrated that VIP might be an effective protector during ALI by suppressing IL-17A expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhuo Ran
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Liuzhou City, Liuzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yan Tang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo-Ying Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Ping Liu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cha-Xiang Guan
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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18
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Rahal EA, Hajjar H, Rajeh M, Yamout B, Abdelnoor AM. Epstein-Barr Virus and Human herpes virus 6 Type A DNA Enhance IL-17 Production in Mice. Viral Immunol 2015; 28:297-302. [PMID: 25870901 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2014.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown a potential association between the Herpesviridae members, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), and an increased risk of autoimmune disease development. Because of the ability of these viruses to cause recurrent infections, various viral antigens, including viral DNA, are consistently shed. These antigens may then play a role in triggering autoimmune processes or contributing to autoimmune mechanisms. Therefore, this study examined whether the DNA of EBV or that of HHV-6A is capable of triggering IL-17, the autoimmune-associated cytokine, in mice. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with various copy numbers of either EBV or HHV-6A DNA. One group was injected with sterile water (the DNA solvent), and another was left uninjected. A mouse group that was administered DNA obtained from Staphylococcus epidermidis was included to ensure that any observed effects would pertain to the viral DNA tested. Mice were sacrificed and their sera were examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IL-17 and IL-23, as pro-autoimmune cytokines, IL-10, as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, and IFN-γ, as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, on days 3, 6, and 9 post-injection. All mouse groups injected with different copy numbers of EBV DNA or HHV-6A DNA displayed higher IL-17 levels than did the group injected with water on days 3, 6, and 9 post-injection. The highest IL-17 levels appeared to coincide with a marked increase in IL-23 and a decrease in IL-10 levels. Unlike the S. epidermidis DNA, which increased IFN-γ levels but not IL-17 or IL-23 levels, the viral DNA tested increased all three mediators, indicating that triggering Th17 responses is a specific property of EBV and HHV-6A DNA. In conclusion, EBV and HHV-6A viral DNA are capable of enhancing the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17, which has been shown to play a role in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A Rahal
- 1Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Helene Hajjar
- 1Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirna Rajeh
- 1Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassem Yamout
- 2Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alexander M Abdelnoor
- 1Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Shen L, Zhang H, Yan T, Zhou G, Liu R. Association between interleukin 17A polymorphisms and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in a Chinese population. Gene 2015; 566:18-22. [PMID: 25871515 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have revealed an association between interleukin 17A (IL17A) polymorphisms and the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Japanese and Caucasian patients. We hypothesized that IL17A polymorphisms might also affect RA susceptibility in the Chinese population. METHODS We studied IL17A rs2275913 G/A, rs3819024 A/G, rs3819025 G/A, rs4711998 A/G, rs8193036 C/T and rs8193037 G/A polymorphisms in 615 RA patients and 839 controls in a Chinese population. Genotyping was performed using a custom-by-design 48-Plex SNP scan™ Kit. RESULTS Our results indicated that IL17A rs4711998 A/G and IL17A rs8193037 G/A polymorphisms were not associated with RA, and IL17A rs2275913 G/A and IL17A rs3819024 A/G variant alleles decrease the risk of RA, while IL17A rs3819025 G/A and IL17A rs8193036 C/T variant alleles increase the risk of RA. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that IL17A polymorphisms may be associated with RA. Future larger studies with other ethnic populations are required to confirm current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Guoxin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Ruiping Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou 213003, China; Central Laboratory, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China.
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20
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Maggio R, Viscomi C, Andreozzi P, D'Ettorre G, Viscogliosi G, Barbaro B, Gori M, Vullo V, Balsano C. Normocaloric low cholesterol diet modulates Th17/Treg balance in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112346. [PMID: 25532016 PMCID: PMC4273946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations, including immunological disorders. Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) is often characterized by cholesterol and lipid metabolism alterations, leading to hepatic steatosis. Cholesterol metabolism, in fact, is crucial for the viral life cycle. Recent works described that a higher dietary cholesterol intake is associated with the progression of HCV-related liver disease. CHC patients have increased levels of T helper 17 (Th17)-cells, a lymphocytic population involved in the pathogenesis of liver inflammation and autoimmune hepatitis. The balance between Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells is crucial for chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. Th17-cell differentiation is deeply influenced by the activation LXRs, nuclear receptors modulating cholesterol homeostasis. Moreover, HCV may affect these nuclear receptors, and cholesterol metabolism, through both direct and indirect mechanisms. On these bases, we hypothesized that modulation of cholesterol levels through Normocaloric Low Cholesterol Diet (NLCD) may represent an innovative strategy to reduce the progression of HCV infection, through the modulation of peripheral Th17/Treg balance. To this end, we performed a pilot study to investigate whether a Normocaloric Low Cholesterol Diet may be able to modulate Th17/Treg balance in patients affected by chronic HCV infection. After 30 days of NLCD CHC patients showed a significant reduction in Th17 cells frequency, which correlated with strong reduction of IL-17 and IL-22 serum levels. At the same time, we appreciated an increase in the percentage of Treg cells, thus improving Treg/Th17 balance. Moreover, we observed an increased expression of LXRs and their target genes: SREBP-1c and ABCA-1. In conclusion, NLCD finely regulates Th17/Treg balance, improving immune system response in CHC patients. This study could pave the way for new treatments of CHC patients, suggesting that change in lifestyle could support the management of these patients, promoting well-being and possibly hindering disease progression. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02038387.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Maggio
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Francesco Balsano Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Viscomi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Francesco Balsano Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella D'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Barbaro
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Francesco Balsano Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuele Gori
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Francesco Balsano Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Balsano
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Francesco Balsano Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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