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Dutta U, Prakash G, Devi K, Borah K, Zhang X, Maiti D. Directing group assisted para-selective C-H alkynylation of unbiased arenes enabled by rhodium catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11381-11388. [PMID: 37886091 PMCID: PMC10599460 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03528j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Regioselective C-H alkynylation of arenes via C-H activation is challenging yet a highly desirable transformation. In this regard, directing group assisted C(sp2)-H alkynylation of arenes offers a unique opportunity to ensure precise regioselectivity. While the existing methods are mainly centered around ortho-C-H alkynylation and a few for meta-C-H alkynylation, the DG-assisted para-selective C-H alkynylation is yet to be reported. Herein we disclose the first report on Rh-catalyzed para-C-H alkynylation of sterically and electronically unbiased arenes. The para-selectivity is achieved with the assistance of a cyano-based directing template and the selectivity remained unaltered irrespective of the steric and electronic influence of the substituents. The post-synthetic modification of synthesized para-alkynylated arenes is also demonstrated. The mechanistic intricacies of the developed protocol are elucidated through experimental and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Dutta
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Gaurav Prakash
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Kirti Devi
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Kongkona Borah
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Xinglong Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Singapore
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry Powai Mumbai 400076 India
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2
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Schlotawa L, Tyka K, Kettwig M, Ahrens‐Nicklas RC, Baud M, Berulava T, Brunetti‐Pierri N, Gagne A, Herbst ZM, Maguire JA, Monfregola J, Pena T, Radhakrishnan K, Schröder S, Waxman EA, Ballabio A, Dierks T, Fischer A, French DL, Gelb MH, Gärtner J. Drug screening identifies tazarotene and bexarotene as therapeutic agents in multiple sulfatase deficiency. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e14837. [PMID: 36789546 PMCID: PMC9994482 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD, MIM #272200) results from pathogenic variants in the SUMF1 gene that impair proper function of the formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE). FGE is essential for the posttranslational activation of cellular sulfatases. MSD patients display reduced or absent sulfatase activities and, as a result, clinical signs of single sulfatase disorders in a unique combination. Up to date therapeutic options for MSD are limited and mostly palliative. We performed a screen of FDA-approved drugs using immortalized MSD patient fibroblasts. Recovery of arylsulfatase A activity served as the primary readout. Subsequent analysis confirmed that treatment of primary MSD fibroblasts with tazarotene and bexarotene, two retinoids, led to a correction of MSD pathophysiology. Upon treatment, sulfatase activities increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner, reduced glycosaminoglycan content decreased and lysosomal position and size normalized. Treatment of MSD patient derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) differentiated into neuronal progenitor cells (NPC) resulted in a positive treatment response. Tazarotene and bexarotene act to ultimately increase the stability of FGE variants. The results lay the basis for future research on the development of a first therapeutic option for MSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Schlotawa
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Medical Centre GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Karolina Tyka
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Medical Centre GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Matthias Kettwig
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Medical Centre GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Rebecca C Ahrens‐Nicklas
- Division of Human Genetics and MetabolismThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Matthias Baud
- School of Chemistry and Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Tea Berulava
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative DiseasesGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGöttingenGermany
| | - Nicola Brunetti‐Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Alyssa Gagne
- Center for Cellular and Molecular TherapeuticsThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | - Jean A Maguire
- Center for Cellular and Molecular TherapeuticsThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Jlenia Monfregola
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Tonatiuh Pena
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative DiseasesGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGöttingenGermany
- Bioinformatics UnitGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGöttingenGermany
| | | | - Sophie Schröder
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative DiseasesGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGöttingenGermany
| | - Elisa A Waxman
- Center for Cellular and Molecular TherapeuticsThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Neurological Research InstituteBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Thomas Dierks
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry IBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - André Fischer
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative DiseasesGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGöttingenGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence, University Medical Center GöttingenUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Deborah L French
- Center for Cellular and Molecular TherapeuticsThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Michael H Gelb
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Jutta Gärtner
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Medical Centre GöttingenGöttingenGermany
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Chan SW, Shafi T, Ford RC. Kite-Shaped Molecules Block SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry at a Post-Attachment Step. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112306. [PMID: 34835112 PMCID: PMC8619434 DOI: 10.3390/v13112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-viral small molecules are currently lacking for treating coronavirus infection. The long development timescales for such drugs are a major problem, but could be shortened by repurposing existing drugs. We therefore screened a small library of FDA-approved compounds for potential severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antivirals using a pseudovirus system that allows a sensitive read-out of infectivity. A group of structurally-related compounds, showing moderate inhibitory activity with IC50 values in the 2–5 μM range, were identified. Further studies demonstrated that these “kite-shaped” molecules were surprisingly specific for SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 and that they acted early in the entry steps of the viral infectious cycle, but did not affect virus attachment to the cells. Moreover, the compounds were able to prevent infection in both kidney- and lung-derived human cell lines. The structural homology of the hits allowed the production of a well-defined pharmacophore that was found to be highly accurate in predicting the anti-viral activity of the compounds in the screen. We discuss the prospects of repurposing these existing drugs for treating current and future coronavirus outbreaks.
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Venkataswamy P, Samudrala Venkatesiah S, Rao RS, Banavar SR, Patil S, Augustine D, Haragannavar VC. Immunohistochemical expression of Tazarotene-induced Gene 3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 50:403-409. [PMID: 33259689 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of hyperproliferative skin lesions, such as psoriasis, basal cell carcinoma, and non-melanoma skin cancers, is significantly benefited from the levels of tazarotene-induced gene-1 (TIG3) expression and subsequent treatment with tazarotene. Such observations suggest that TIG3 could be used as a biomarker for apoptosis, differentiation, and proliferation. The current study aimed to evaluate the expression of TIG3 in normal oral mucosa (NOM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) compared with normal skin (NS) and skin squamous cell carcinoma (SSCC) using immunohistochemistry. METHODS Seventeen cases each of SSCC, OSCC, NOM, and NS were evaluated. Each section was immunohistochemically stained with a rabbit polyclonal TIG3 antibody. The entire procedure was blinded and evaluated by 5 observers. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in TIG3 protein expression in OSCC and SSCC compared with that in NOM and NS (P = 0.008). The progressive loss of expression was observed as the grade of both malignancies increased. However, there was no significant difference in the expression among the normal tissue groups and within SCC groups of similar grades. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that the loss of TIG3 is an important event in carcinogenesis. TIG3 acts as a regulator of keratinocyte proliferation and terminal differentiation. Therefore, TIG3 could be a potential biomarker to differentiate aggressive and non-aggressive neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Venkataswamy
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sowmya Samudrala Venkatesiah
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Roopa S Rao
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Spoorthi Ravi Banavar
- Oral Diagnostics and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dominic Augustine
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Vanishri C Haragannavar
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
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Photostability Testing of a Third-Generation Retinoid-Tazarotene in the Presence of UV Absorbers. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090899. [PMID: 32971827 PMCID: PMC7560049 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of a drug to UV irradiation could affect its physicochemical properties. Hence, photostability testing is essential for topically administered drugs. Tazarotene, a receptor-selective, third-generation retinoid, is commonly used to treat acne vulgaris and psoriasis. In the present study, an in-depth analysis of the photostability of tazarotene in ethanolic solution in the presence of zinc oxide and/or titanium dioxide as well as benzophenone-type UV filters was performed. Eleven presumed products were derived from the photocatalytic degradation of tazarotene using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and transformation pathways were proposed. The degradation process mainly affected the 4,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyran moiety. The fragments most susceptible to oxidation were the methyl groups and the sulfur atom. Moreover, in the presence of sulisobenzone, under UV irradiation, tazarotene was subjected to a degradation process, which resulted in two photodecomposition products. In silico studies performed by OSIRIS Property Explorer demonstrated that five of the degradation products could be harmful in terms of the reproductive effects, which are associated with 3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-2H-1-benzothiopyran 1,1-dioxide, while one of them demonstrated potential irritant activity. The cytotoxic properties of the degradation products of tazarotene were assessed by MTT assay on a panel of human adherent cancer cells. Time- and concentration-dependent growth inhibition was evidenced in ovary (A2780) and breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cell lines. The potential implication of the outcomes of the present research requires further studies mainly concerning the photostability of tazarotene in the topical formulations.
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Paliwal R, Paliwal SR, Kenwat R, Kurmi BD, Sahu MK. Solid lipid nanoparticles: a review on recent perspectives and patents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:179-194. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1720649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Paliwal
- Nanomedicine and Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India
| | - Shivani Rai Paliwal
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, India
| | - Rameshroo Kenwat
- Nanomedicine and Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India
| | - Balak Das Kurmi
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, India
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7
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Application of an In Vitro Psoriatic Skin Model to Study Cutaneous Metabolization of Tazarotene. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7120871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by the presence of whitish and scaly plaques, which can cover up to 90% of the body surface. These plaques result from the hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes. Dermopharmaceutical testing of new therapies is limited by healthy and pathological skin models, which are not closely enough mimicking their in vivo counterparts. In this study, we exploited percutaneous absorption and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) analyses in order to determine the metabolic capacity of our psoriatic skin model. Skin substitutes were reconstructed according to the self-assembly method and tested regarding their percutaneous absorption of a topical formulation of tazarotene, followed by UPLC analyses. Histological and immunofluorescence analyses confirmed both the healthy and psoriatic phenotypes. Results from percutaneous absorption showed a significant level of tazarotene metabolite (tazarotenic acid) when the formulation was applied over 24 h on the skin substitutes. The presence of tazarotenic acid in the dermis and the epidermis of healthy and psoriatic skin substitutes confirms the metabolic capacity of both skin models, and thereby their ability to screen new molecules with antipsoriatic potential. In conclusion, the present data suggest that our psoriatic skin model could possibly be used in clinic to screen in vitro responses of patient to a panel of drugs without having them experiencing the drawback of each drug.
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8
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Mondal A, Chen H, Flämig L, Wedi P, van Gemmeren M. Sterically Controlled Late-Stage C–H Alkynylation of Arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18662-18667. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arup Mondal
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Hao Chen
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Lea Flämig
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Wedi
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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9
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Li L, Zhang M, Ma P, Qian K. Development of a simple method for simultaneous determination of tazarotene and betamethasone dipropionate and their metabolites using LC-MS method and its application to dermatopharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4557. [PMID: 30990899 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In our study, a method for the determination for tazarotene and betamethasone dipropionate in human tissue-engineered skin was established. Tazarotene gel, betamethasone dipropionate cream or a combination cream was administered to the skin. Then the skin was taken off at 0.25, 0.75, 1.75, 3, 5, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 h time points after the residual drug was removed. The concentrations of tazarotene, betamethasone dipropionate and their major metabolites in skin were determined by LC-MS. Tazarotene and tazarotenic acid were detected in the concentration range of 2-200 μg/mL with an LLOQ of 2 μg/mL. Betamethasone dipropionate was detected in the concentration range 0.5-300 μg/mL with an LLOQ of 0.5 μg/mL, and betamethasone was detected at 2-200 μg/mL with an LLOQ of 2 μg/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions of the four analytes in the skin homogenate were all <15% (RSD, %). The results showed that tazarotene could be metabolized to tazarotenic acid and betamethasone dipropionate could be metabolized to betamethasone in tissue-engineered skin. The results also revealed that this method was suitable for the simultaneous determination of tazarotene, betamethasone dipropionate and their metabolites in tissue-engineered skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Li
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Dermatology, China
| | - Mengli Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Dermatology, China
| | | | - Kun Qian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Dermatology, China
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10
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Tarabadkar ES, Shinohara MM. Skin Directed Therapy in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:260. [PMID: 31032224 PMCID: PMC6470180 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin directed therapies (SDTs) serve important roles in the treatment of early stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL)/mycosis fungoides (MF), as well as managing symptoms and improving quality of life of all stages. There are now numerous options for topical therapies that demonstrate high response rates, particularly in early/limited MF. Phototherapy retains an important role in treating MF, with increasing data supporting efficacy and long-term safety of both UVB and PUVA as well as some newer/targeted methodologies. Radiation therapy, including localized radiation and total skin electron beam therapy, continues to be a cornerstone of therapy for all stages of MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica S Tarabadkar
- Division of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Michi M Shinohara
- Division of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Maiti R, Sirka CS, Ashique Rahman MA, Srinivasan A, Parida S, Hota D. Efficacy and Safety of Tazarotene 0.1% Plus Clindamycin 1% Gel Versus Adapalene 0.1% Plus Clindamycin 1% Gel in Facial Acne Vulgaris: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. Clin Drug Investig 2017; 37:1083-1091. [DOI: 10.1007/s40261-017-0568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Behera B, Chandrashekar L, Singh N, Thappa DM, Gochhait D. Lamellar ichthyosis associated bilateral pseudoainhum of fingers and toes successfully treated with tazarotene. Dermatol Ther 2017; 30. [PMID: 28730635 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Behera
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, JIPMER, Puducherry 605006, India
| | | | - Nidhi Singh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, JIPMER, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Devinder Mohan Thappa
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, JIPMER, Puducherry 605006, India
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13
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Mansour AM. Tazarotene copper complexes: Synthesis, crystal structure, DFT and biological activity evaluation. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Foti RS, Isoherranen N, Zelter A, Dickmann LJ, Buttrick BR, Diaz P, Douguet D. Identification of Tazarotenic Acid as the First Xenobiotic Substrate of Human Retinoic Acid Hydroxylase CYP26A1 and CYP26B1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:281-92. [PMID: 26937021 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.232637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 26A1 and 26B1 are heme-containing enzymes responsible for metabolizing all-trans retinoic acid (at-RA). No crystal structures have been solved, and therefore homology models that provide structural information are extremely valuable for the development of inhibitors of cytochrome P450 family 26 (CYP26). The objectives of this study were to use homology models of CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 to characterize substrate binding characteristics, to compare structural aspects of their active sites, and to support the role of CYP26 in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Each model was verified by dockingat-RA in the active site and comparing the results to known metabolic profiles ofat-RA. The models were then used to predict the metabolic sites of tazarotenic acid with results verified by in vitro metabolite identification experiments. The CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 homology models predicted that the benzothiopyranyl moiety of tazarotenic acid would be oriented toward the heme of each enzyme and suggested that tazarotenic acid would be a substrate of CYP26A1 and CYP26B1. Metabolite identification experiments indicated that CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 oxidatively metabolized tazarotenic acid on the predicted moiety, with in vitro rates of metabolite formation by CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 being the highest across a panel of enzymes. Molecular analysis of the active sites estimated the active-site volumes of CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 to be 918 Å(3)and 977 Å(3), respectively. Overall, the homology models presented herein describe the enzyme characteristics leading to the metabolism of tazarotenic acid by CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 and support a potential role for the CYP26 enzymes in the metabolism of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Foti
- Amgen Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Seattle, Washington (R.S.F.); Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (N.I., A.Z., L.J.D., B.R.B.); Core Laboratory for Neuromolecular Production, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (P.D.); CNRS, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Valbonne, France (D.D.)
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Amgen Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Seattle, Washington (R.S.F.); Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (N.I., A.Z., L.J.D., B.R.B.); Core Laboratory for Neuromolecular Production, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (P.D.); CNRS, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Valbonne, France (D.D.)
| | - Alex Zelter
- Amgen Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Seattle, Washington (R.S.F.); Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (N.I., A.Z., L.J.D., B.R.B.); Core Laboratory for Neuromolecular Production, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (P.D.); CNRS, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Valbonne, France (D.D.)
| | - Leslie J Dickmann
- Amgen Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Seattle, Washington (R.S.F.); Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (N.I., A.Z., L.J.D., B.R.B.); Core Laboratory for Neuromolecular Production, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (P.D.); CNRS, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Valbonne, France (D.D.)
| | - Brian R Buttrick
- Amgen Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Seattle, Washington (R.S.F.); Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (N.I., A.Z., L.J.D., B.R.B.); Core Laboratory for Neuromolecular Production, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (P.D.); CNRS, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Valbonne, France (D.D.)
| | - Philippe Diaz
- Amgen Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Seattle, Washington (R.S.F.); Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (N.I., A.Z., L.J.D., B.R.B.); Core Laboratory for Neuromolecular Production, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (P.D.); CNRS, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Valbonne, France (D.D.)
| | - Dominique Douguet
- Amgen Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Seattle, Washington (R.S.F.); Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (N.I., A.Z., L.J.D., B.R.B.); Core Laboratory for Neuromolecular Production, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (P.D.); CNRS, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Valbonne, France (D.D.)
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Formulation design for topical drug and nanoparticle treatment of skin disease. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:197-216. [PMID: 25690087 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin has evolved to resist the penetration of foreign substances and particles. Topical therapeutic and cosmeceutical delivery is a growing field founded on selectively overcoming this barrier. Both the biology of the skin and the nature of the formulation/active ingredient must be aligned for efficient transcutaneous delivery. This review discusses the biological changes in the skin barrier that occur with common dermatological conditions. This context is the foundation for the discussion of formulation strategies to improve penetration profiles of common active ingredients in dermatology. Finally, we compare and contrast those approaches to recent advances described in the research literature with an eye toward the future of topical formulation design.
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Scharadin TM, Eckert RL. TIG3: an important regulator of keratinocyte proliferation and survival. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:1811-1816. [PMID: 24599174 PMCID: PMC4057967 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tazarotene induced gene 3 (TIG3) is a tumor suppressor protein. In normal human epidermis, TIG3 is present in the differentiated, suprabasal layers and regulates terminal differentiation. TIG3 level is reduced in hyperproliferative diseases, including psoriasis and skin cancer, suggesting that loss of TIG3 is associated with enhanced cell proliferation. Moreover, transient expression of TIG3 leads to terminal differentiation in normal keratinocytes and apoptosis in skin cancer cells. In both cell types, TIG3 distributes to the cell membrane and to the centrosome. At the cell membrane, TIG3 interacts with and activates type I transglutaminase (TG1) to enhance keratinocyte terminal differentiation. TIG3 at the centrosome acts to inhibit centrosome separation during mitosis and to alter microtubule function. These findings argue that TIG3 is involved in control of keratinocyte differentiation and that loss of TIG3 in transformed cells contributes to the malignant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M Scharadin
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard L Eckert
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Jarratt M, Werner CP, Alió Saenz AB. Tazarotene foam versus tazarotene gel: a randomized relative bioavailability study in acne vulgaris. Clin Drug Investig 2013; 33:283-9. [PMID: 23456673 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-013-0065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Tazarotene, a retinoid pro-drug, is available in gel, cream and foam for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris. This single-centre, randomized, open-label study assessed relative bioavailability of its active metabolite tazarotenic acid after dosing of tazarotene foam or gel. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects with moderate-to-severe acne received a mean, once-daily dose of 3.7 g tazarotene foam or gel applied to face, chest, upper back and shoulders. Blood samples were collected pre-dose on multiple days and multiple time points over a 72-h period to measure plasma tazarotenic acid and tazarotene. RESULTS Mean tazarotenic acid area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum measured plasma concentration (Cmax) values were significantly higher for gel versus foam. Cmax occurred within 5-6 h after dosing, with an apparent terminal elimination half-life (t½) of 18-22 h. Accumulation was observed upon repeated dosing with steady-state conditions achieved at day 20. Mean tazarotene concentrations were also higher following gel application versus foam. Both foam and gel demonstrated an acceptable safety profile. CONCLUSION Tazarotene foam, 0.1 % is an alternative to gel with less systemic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jarratt
- DermResearch, Inc., Clinical Research, 8140 North Mopac Expressway, Building 3, Suite 120, Austin, TX 78759, USA.
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Chiurchiù V, Maccarrone M. Chronic inflammatory disorders and their redox control: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2605-41. [PMID: 21391902 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A chronic inflammatory disease is a condition characterized by persistent inflammation. A number of human pathologies fall into this category, and a great deal of research has been conducted to learn more about their characteristics and underlying mechanisms. In many cases, a genetic component has been identified, but also external factors like food, smoke, or environmental pollutants can significantly contribute to worsen their symptoms. Accumulated evidence clearly shows that chronic inflammatory diseases are subjected to a redox control. Here, we shall review the identity, source, regulation, and biological activity of redox molecules, to put in a better perspective their key-role in cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and inflammatory bowel diseases. In addition, the impact of redox species on autoimmune disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, and celiac disease) and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis) will be discussed, along with their potential therapeutic implications as novel drugs to combat chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Chiurchiù
- European Center for Brain Research/Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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