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Redeker KEM, Schröder S, Dücker C, Brockmöller J, Gebauer L. Targeted mutagenesis of negatively charged amino acids outlining the substrate translocation path within the human organic cation transporter 3. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116188. [PMID: 38580166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Recently published cryo-EM structures of human organic cation transporters of the SLC22 family revealed seven, sequentially arranged glutamic and aspartic acid residues, which may be relevant for interactions with positively charged substrates. We analyzed the functional consequences of removing those negative charges by creating D155N, E232Q, D382N, E390Q, E451Q, E459Q, and D478N mutants of OCT3. E232Q, E459Q, and D478N resulted in a lack of localization in the outer cell membrane and no relevant uptake activity. However, D155N and E451Q showed a substrate-specific loss of transport activity, whereas E390Q had no remaining activity despite correct membrane localization. In contrast, D382N showed almost wild-type-like uptake. D155 is located at the entrance to the substrate binding pocket and could, therefore be involved in guiding cationic substrates towards the inside of the binding pocket. For E390, we confirm its critical function for transporter function as it was recently shown for the corresponding position in OCT1. Interestingly, E451 seems to be located at the bottom of the binding pocket in the outward-open confirmation of the transporter. Substrate-specific loss of transport activity of the E451Q variant suggests an essential role in the transport cycle of specific substances as part of an opportunistic binding site. In general, our study highlights the impact of the cryo-EM structures in guiding mutagenesis studies to understand the molecular level of transporter-ligand interactions, and it also confirms the importance of testing multiple substrates in mutagenesis studies of polyspecific OCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra-Elisa M Redeker
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Sophie Schröder
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christof Dücker
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Brockmöller
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Gebauer
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Kaurani L, Islam MR, Heilbronner U, Krüger DM, Zhou J, Methi A, Strauss J, Pradhan R, Schröder S, Burkhardt S, Schuetz AL, Pena T, Erlebach L, Bühler A, Budde M, Senner F, Kohshour MO, Schulte EC, Schmauß M, Reininghaus EZ, Juckel G, Kronenberg-Versteeg D, Delalle I, Odoardi F, Flügel A, Schulze TG, Falkai P, Sananbenesi F, Fischer A. Regulation of Zbp1 by miR-99b-5p in microglia controls the development of schizophrenia-like symptoms in mice. EMBO J 2024; 43:1420-1444. [PMID: 38528182 PMCID: PMC11021462 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Current approaches to the treatment of schizophrenia have mainly focused on the protein-coding part of the genome; in this context, the roles of microRNAs have received less attention. In the present study, we analyze the microRNAome in the blood and postmortem brains of schizophrenia patients, showing that the expression of miR-99b-5p is downregulated in both the prefrontal cortex and blood of patients. Lowering the amount of miR-99b-5p in mice leads to both schizophrenia-like phenotypes and inflammatory processes that are linked to synaptic pruning in microglia. The microglial miR-99b-5p-supressed inflammatory response requires Z-DNA binding protein 1 (Zbp1), which we identify as a novel miR-99b-5p target. Antisense oligonucleotides against Zbp1 ameliorate the pathological effects of miR-99b-5p inhibition. Our findings indicate that a novel miR-99b-5p-Zbp1 pathway in microglia might contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Kaurani
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Urs Heilbronner
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis M Krüger
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jiayin Zhou
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aditi Methi
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Judith Strauss
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ranjit Pradhan
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sophie Schröder
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Burkhardt
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Schuetz
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tonatiuh Pena
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Erlebach
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany; Germany and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anika Bühler
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany; Germany and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika Budde
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fanny Senner
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mojtaba Oraki Kohshour
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva C Schulte
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Schmauß
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Augsburg University, Medical Faculty, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, Augsburg, 86156, Germany
| | - Eva Z Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Research Unit for Bipolar Affective Disorder, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital, Bochum, 44791, Germany
| | - Deborah Kronenberg-Versteeg
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany; Germany and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ivana Delalle
- Department of Pathology, Lifespan Academic Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Francesca Odoardi
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Flügel
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Farahnaz Sananbenesi
- Research Group for Genome Dynamics in Brain Diseases, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Andre Fischer
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Schröder S, Ortiz I, San-Román MF. Electrochemical degradation of key drugs to treat COVID-19: Experimental analysis of the toxic by-products formation (PCDD/Fs). Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167660. [PMID: 37813253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Drug consumption has grown exponentially in recent decades, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to their presence in various water sources. In this way, degradation technologies for pollutants, such as electrochemical oxidation (ELOX), have become crucial to safeguard the quality of natural resources. This study has as its starting point a previous research, which demonstrated the efficacy of ELOX in the removal of COVID-19 related-drugs, such as dexamethasone (DEX), paracetamol (PAR), amoxicillin (AMX), and sertraline (STR), using the electrolytes NaCl and Na2SO4. The present research aims to study the potential risks associated with the generation of toxic by-products, during the ELOX of cited drugs, specifically focusing on the highly chlorinated persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Dioxins and furans can be formed potentially in electrochemical systems from precursor molecules or non-precursor molecules in chloride medium. First, the degradation of the parent compounds was found to be complete. At this point, a comprehensive investigation was conducted to identify and analyse the by-products formed during the degradation process; precursors of PCDD/Fs, such as chlorophenols or hydroquinones were identified. Additionally, in continuation of the previous study, PCDD/Fs congeners were investigated, revealing elevated concentrations; the highest concentration obtained was for the congener 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF (234.6 pg L-1 in NaCl) during degradation of the AMX. Finally, an assessment of the toxicity based on TEQ values was conducted, with DEX exhibiting the highest concentration among all compounds: 30.1 pg L-1 for NaCl medium. Therefore, the formation of minor by-products should not be underestimated, as they can significantly enhance the toxicity of the final sample, so the selection of the appropriate remediation technology, as well as the optimization of experimental operating variables, is determining in the treatment of pharmaceutical-contaminated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Schröder
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ortiz
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Ma-Fresnedo San-Román
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain.
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Grabowska W, King R, Roll S, Habermann IV, Hörder S, Hahn K, Willich SN, Schröder S, Brinkhaus B, Dietzel J. Reliability of a novel point of care device for monitoring diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19043. [PMID: 37923763 PMCID: PMC10624654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess DPNCheck's reliability for repeated sural nerve conduction (NC) parameters. This post hoc analysis used data from the randomized controlled ACUDPN trial assessing NC of the N. Suralis every eight weeks over a 6-month period in 62 patients receiving acupuncture against diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) symptoms. The reliability of DPNCheck for nerve conduction velocity and amplitude was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and was calculated using data from single time points and repeated measures design. The results of the NC measurements were correlated with the Total Neuropathy Score clinical (TNSc). Overall, for both nerve velocity and amplitude, the reliability at each measurement time point can be described as moderate to good and the reliability using repeated measures design can be described as moderate. Nerve velocity and amplitude showed weak correlation with TNSc. DPNCheck's reliability results question its suitability for monitoring DPN's progression. Given the limitation of our analysis, a long-term, pre-specified, fully crossed study should be carried out among patients with DPN to fully determine the suitability of the device for DPN progression monitoring. This was the first analysis assessing the reliability of the DPNCheck for DPN progression monitoring using data from multiple collection time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Grabowska
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstr. 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - R King
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstr. 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Roll
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstr. 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - I V Habermann
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstr. 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Hörder
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstr. 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Hahn
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - S N Willich
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstr. 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schröder
- Hanse Merkur Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 64, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Brinkhaus
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstr. 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Dietzel
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstr. 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Schröder S, Ortiz I, San-Román MF. Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) in the electrochemical oxidation of polluted waters with pharmaceuticals used against COVID-19. J Environ Chem Eng 2023; 11:109305. [PMID: 36647535 PMCID: PMC9833857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2023.109305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has produced a huge impact on our lives, increasing the consumption of certain pharmaceuticals, and with this, contributing to the intensification of their presence in wastewater and in the environment. This situation demands the implementation of efficient remediation technologies, among them, electrochemical oxidation (ELOX) is one the most applied. This work studies the application of ELOX with the aim of eliminate pharmaceuticals used in the fight against COVID-19, assessing its degradation rate, as well as the risk of formation of toxic trace by-products, such as unintentional POPs like polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). To this end, model solutions containing 10 mg L-1 of dexamethasone (DEX), paracetamol (PAR), amoxicillin (AMX), and sertraline (STR) with two different electrolytes (NaCl and Na2SO4) have been evaluated. However, electrochemical systems that contain chloride ions in solution together with PCDD/Fs precursor molecules may lead to the formation of these highly toxic by-products. So, PCDD/Fs were quantified under conditions of complete degradation of the drugs. Furthermore, the presence of PCDD/Fs precursors such as chlorophenols was determined, as well as the role of Cl-, Cl• and SO 4 • - radicals in the formation of the by-products and PCDD/Fs. The maximum measured concentration of PCDD/Fs was around 2700 pg L-1 for the amoxicillin case in NaCl medium. The obtained results emphasise the importance of not underestimating the potential formation of these highly toxic trace by-products, in addition to the correct selection of oxidation processes and operation variables, in order to avoid final higher toxicity in the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Schröder
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros 46, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ortiz
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros 46, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Ma-Fresnedo San-Román
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros 46, 39005 Santander, Spain
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Schlotawa L, Tyka K, Kettwig M, Ahrens‐Nicklas RC, Baud M, Berulava T, Brunetti‐Pierri N, Gagne A, Herbst ZM, Maguire JA, Monfregola J, Pena T, Radhakrishnan K, Schröder S, Waxman EA, Ballabio A, Dierks T, Fischer A, French DL, Gelb MH, Gärtner J. Drug screening identifies tazarotene and bexarotene as therapeutic agents in multiple sulfatase deficiency. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e14837. [PMID: 36789546 PMCID: PMC9994482 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD, MIM #272200) results from pathogenic variants in the SUMF1 gene that impair proper function of the formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE). FGE is essential for the posttranslational activation of cellular sulfatases. MSD patients display reduced or absent sulfatase activities and, as a result, clinical signs of single sulfatase disorders in a unique combination. Up to date therapeutic options for MSD are limited and mostly palliative. We performed a screen of FDA-approved drugs using immortalized MSD patient fibroblasts. Recovery of arylsulfatase A activity served as the primary readout. Subsequent analysis confirmed that treatment of primary MSD fibroblasts with tazarotene and bexarotene, two retinoids, led to a correction of MSD pathophysiology. Upon treatment, sulfatase activities increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner, reduced glycosaminoglycan content decreased and lysosomal position and size normalized. Treatment of MSD patient derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) differentiated into neuronal progenitor cells (NPC) resulted in a positive treatment response. Tazarotene and bexarotene act to ultimately increase the stability of FGE variants. The results lay the basis for future research on the development of a first therapeutic option for MSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Schlotawa
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Medical Centre GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Karolina Tyka
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Medical Centre GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Matthias Kettwig
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Medical Centre GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Rebecca C Ahrens‐Nicklas
- Division of Human Genetics and MetabolismThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Matthias Baud
- School of Chemistry and Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Tea Berulava
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative DiseasesGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGöttingenGermany
| | - Nicola Brunetti‐Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Alyssa Gagne
- Center for Cellular and Molecular TherapeuticsThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | - Jean A Maguire
- Center for Cellular and Molecular TherapeuticsThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Jlenia Monfregola
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Tonatiuh Pena
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative DiseasesGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGöttingenGermany
- Bioinformatics UnitGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGöttingenGermany
| | | | - Sophie Schröder
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative DiseasesGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGöttingenGermany
| | - Elisa A Waxman
- Center for Cellular and Molecular TherapeuticsThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Neurological Research InstituteBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Thomas Dierks
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry IBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - André Fischer
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative DiseasesGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGöttingenGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence, University Medical Center GöttingenUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Deborah L French
- Center for Cellular and Molecular TherapeuticsThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Michael H Gelb
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Jutta Gärtner
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Medical Centre GöttingenGöttingenGermany
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Gischkat T, Schachtler D, Steger F, Balogh-Michels Z, Vetsch B, Strüning T, Birkhölzer J, Michler M, Mühlig C, Schwinde S, Trost M, Schröder S, Borzi A, Neels A. Low-temperature ion beam sputtered optical coatings. Appl Opt 2023; 62:B195-B201. [PMID: 37132907 DOI: 10.1364/ao.480089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In thin film deposition processes, the lower limit of the deposition temperature is determined by the used coating technology and the duration of the coating process and is usually higher than room temperature. Hence, the processing of thermally sensitive materials and the adjustability of thin film morphology are limited. In consequence, for factual low-temperature deposition processes, an active cooling of the substrate is required. The effect of low substrate temperature on thin film properties during ion beam sputtering was investigated. The S i O 2 and T a 2 O 5 films grown at 0°C show a trend of lower optical losses and higher laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) compared to 100°C.
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Gambichler T, Elfering J, Meyer T, Bruckmüller S, Stockfleth E, Skrygan M, Käfferlein HU, Brüning T, Lang K, Wagener D, Schröder S, Nick M, Susok L. Protein expression of prognostic genes in primary melanoma and benign nevi. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2673-2680. [PMID: 34757537 PMCID: PMC9470607 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03779-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the protein expression characteristics of genes employed in a recently introduced prognostic gene expression assay for patients with cutaneous melanoma (CM). METHODS We studied 37 patients with CM and 10 with benign (melanocytic) nevi (BN). Immunohistochemistry of primary tumor tissue was performed for eight proteins: COL6A6, DCD, GBP4, KLHL41, KRT9, PIP, SCGB1D2, SCGB2A2. RESULTS The protein expression of most markers investigated was relatively low (e.g., DCD, KRT9, SCGB1D2) and predominantly cytoplasmatic in melanocytes and keratinocytes. COL6A6, GBP4, and KLHL41 expression was significantly enhanced in CM when compared to BN. DCD protein expression was significantly correlated with COL6A6, GBP4, and KLHL41. GBP4 was positively correlated with KLHL41 and inversely correlated with SCGB2B2. The latter was also inversely correlated with serum S100B levels at time of initial diagnosis. The presence of SCGB1D2 expression was significantly associated with ulceration of the primary tumor. KRT9 protein expression was significantly more likely found in acral lentiginous melanoma. The presence of DCD expression was less likely associated with superficial spreading melanoma subtype but significantly associated with non-progressive disease. The absence of SCGB2A2 expression was significantly more often observed in patients who did not progress to stage III or IV. CONCLUSIONS The expression levels observed were relatively low but differed in part with those found in BN. Even though we detected some significant correlations between the protein expression levels and clinical parameters (e.g., CM subtype, course of disease), there was no major concordance with the protective or risk-associated functions of the corresponding genes included in a recently introduced prognostic gene expression assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gambichler
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - J Elfering
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - T Meyer
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - S Bruckmüller
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - E Stockfleth
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Skrygan
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - H U Käfferlein
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurances, Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - T Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurances, Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - K Lang
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurances, Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - D Wagener
- Pathology/Labor Lademannbogen MVZ GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Schröder
- Pathology/Labor Lademannbogen MVZ GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Nick
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - L Susok
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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9
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Naumann G, Börner C, Naumann L, Schröder S, Naumann G. 173 Introduction of a novel hysteropexy technique for apical pelvic organ prolapse repair via the vaginal route. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.11.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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10
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Michurina A, Sakib MS, Kerimoglu C, Krüger DM, Kaurani L, Islam MR, Joshi PD, Schröder S, Centeno TP, Zhou J, Pradhan R, Cha J, Xu X, Eichele G, Zeisberg EM, Kranz A, Stewart AF, Fischer A. Postnatal expression of the lysine methyltransferase SETD1B is essential for learning and the regulation of neuron-enriched genes. EMBO J 2022; 41:e106459. [PMID: 34806773 PMCID: PMC8724770 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, histone 3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me) is mediated by six different lysine methyltransferases. Among these enzymes, SETD1B (SET domain containing 1b) has been linked to syndromic intellectual disability in human subjects, but its role in the mammalian postnatal brain has not been studied yet. Here, we employ mice deficient for Setd1b in excitatory neurons of the postnatal forebrain, and combine neuron-specific ChIP-seq and RNA-seq approaches to elucidate its role in neuronal gene expression. We observe that Setd1b controls the expression of a set of genes with a broad H3K4me3 peak at their promoters, enriched for neuron-specific genes linked to learning and memory function. Comparative analyses in mice with conditional deletion of Kmt2a and Kmt2b histone methyltransferases show that SETD1B plays a more pronounced and potent role in regulating such genes. Moreover, postnatal loss of Setd1b leads to severe learning impairment, suggesting that SETD1B-dependent regulation of H3K4me levels in postnatal neurons is critical for cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Michurina
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - M Sadman Sakib
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Cemil Kerimoglu
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Dennis Manfred Krüger
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Lalit Kaurani
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Parth Devesh Joshi
- Department for Gene and BehaviorMax Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryGöttingenGermany
| | - Sophie Schröder
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Tonatiuh Pena Centeno
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Jiayin Zhou
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Ranjit Pradhan
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Julia Cha
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Xingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology and PneumologyUniversity Medical Center of GöttingenGeorg‐August UniversityGöttingenGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Gregor Eichele
- Department for Gene and BehaviorMax Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryGöttingenGermany
| | - Elisabeth M Zeisberg
- Department of Cardiology and PneumologyUniversity Medical Center of GöttingenGeorg‐August UniversityGöttingenGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC)University of GöttingenGermany
| | - Andrea Kranz
- Biotechnology CenterCenter for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringDresden University of TechnologyDresdenGermany
| | - A Francis Stewart
- Biotechnology CenterCenter for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringDresden University of TechnologyDresdenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Institute for Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | - André Fischer
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC)University of GöttingenGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
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11
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Lackner L, Dusel M, Egorov OA, Han B, Knopf H, Eilenberger F, Schröder S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Tongay S, Anton-Solanas C, Höfling S, Schneider C. Tunable exciton-polaritons emerging from WS 2 monolayer excitons in a photonic lattice at room temperature. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4933. [PMID: 34400620 PMCID: PMC8368091 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering non-linear hybrid light-matter states in tailored lattices is a central research strategy for the simulation of complex Hamiltonians. Excitons in atomically thin crystals are an ideal active medium for such purposes, since they couple strongly with light and bear the potential to harness giant non-linearities and interactions while presenting a simple sample-processing and room temperature operability. We demonstrate lattice polaritons, based on an open, high-quality optical cavity, with an imprinted photonic lattice strongly coupled to excitons in a WS2 monolayer. We experimentally observe the emergence of the canonical band-structure of particles in a one-dimensional lattice at room temperature, and demonstrate frequency reconfigurability over a spectral window exceeding 85 meV, as well as the systematic variation of the nearest-neighbour coupling, reflected by a tunability in the bandwidth of the p-band polaritons by 7 meV. The technology presented in this work is a critical demonstration towards reconfigurable photonic emulators operated with non-linear photonic fluids, offering a simple experimental implementation and working at ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lackner
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - M Dusel
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - O A Egorov
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Solid State Optics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - B Han
- Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - H Knopf
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Jena, Germany
- Max Planck School of Photonics, Jena, Germany
| | - F Eilenberger
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Jena, Germany
- Max Planck School of Photonics, Jena, Germany
| | - S Schröder
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Jena, Germany
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - S Tongay
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - C Anton-Solanas
- Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - S Höfling
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Schneider
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
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12
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Langenbucher A, Schrecker J, Schwemm M, Eppig T, Schröder S, Szentmáry N. [Monte Carlo simulation of biometric effect sizes and their influence on the translational ratio of corneal astigmatism in the cylinders of toric intraocular lenses]. Ophthalmologe 2021; 118:569-577. [PMID: 32767100 PMCID: PMC8187219 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-020-01199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund und Zielsetzung Torische Kapselsacklinsen bieten heutzutage eine zuverlässige Option der permanenten Korrektur eines Hornhautastigmatismus. Zur Ermittlung der für den gewünschten Ausgleich erforderlichen Linsenstärke kann der Operateur entweder auf die in seinem Biometriegerät implementierten Berechnungsmodi oder auf den vom Linsenhersteller angebotenen Kalkulationsservice zurückgreifen. In vielen Fällen wird dabei allerdings keine klassische Linsenberechnung aus biometrischen Daten durchgeführt, sondern nur mit einer vereinfachten Abschätzung gearbeitet, die den Hornhautastigmatismus in den Torus der tIOL übersetzt. Dieses dann zumeist als durchschnittlicher Standardwert genutzte Übersetzungsverhältnis kann jedoch eine erhebliche Schwankungsbreite aufweisen, sodass im ungünstigsten Fall eine Unterkorrektur des refraktiven Zylinders um bis zu 12,5 % oder eine Überkorrektur um bis zu 17 % resultieren kann. Ziel dieser Studie war es aufzuzeigen, welche biometrischen Einflussgrößen das Verhältnis zwischen dem zu korrigierenden Hornhautastigmatismus und dem für dessen Vollkorrektur notwendigen Torus einer Kapselsacklinse bestimmen. Methoden Aus der WEB-Plattform IOLCon wurden 16.744 Datensätze extrahiert, und anhand der präoperativen biometrischen Größen und dem postoperativen sphärischen Äquivalent wurde zunächst die axiale Position der Kapselsacklinse formelunabhängig abgeleitet. Anschließend wurde, basierend auf der Propagation sphärozylindrischer Vergenzen, der entsprechende Brechwert einer emmetropisierenden Kapselsacklinse ermittelt. Das Übersetzungsverhältnis als Quotient aus dem Torus der Linse und dem Hornhautastigmatismus wurde mit einer Monte-Carlo-Simulation auf seine potenziellen Einflussgrößen hin untersucht. Ergebnisse Die Monte-Carlo-Simulation zeigt, dass nicht von einem konstanten Übersetzungsverhältnis ausgegangen werden kann. Für die hier zugrunde gelegten klinischen Fälle ergibt sich ein mittleres Übersetzungsverhältnis von 1,3938 ± 0,0595 (Median 1,3921) mit einer Spannweite von 1,2131 bis 1,5974. Den größten Einfluss hat hierbei die axiale Position der Kapselsacklinse – je weiter posterior sich diese befindet, desto höher ist das Übersetzungsverhältnis. Aufgrund der Korrelation der axialen Linsenposition mit der Augenlänge kann die Augenlänge als indirekte Einflussgröße gewertet werden. Der Äquivalentbrechwert sowie der Astigmatismus der Hornhaut besitzen keinen nennenswerten Effekt auf das Übersetzungsverhältnis. Diskussion In einer ganzen Reihe von Berechnungsmodulen wird die Kalkulation des Torus der Kapselsacklinse dahingehend vereinfacht, dass dieser mittels eines einfachen konstanten Umrechnungsfaktors aus dem gemessenen Hornhautastigmatismus abgeleitet wird. Die vorliegende Studie zeigt jedoch, dass diese Vereinfachung zu deutlich fehlerhaften Ergebnissen führen kann. Dementsprechend wird eine individuelle Berechnung des Torus der IOL aus gemessenen biometrischen Größen (z. B. mittels Vergenzpropagation, Matrizen oder mittels Full-aperture-Raytracing) empfohlen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Langenbucher
- Institut für Experimentelle Ophthalmologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str. 100, Gebäude 22, 66424, Homburg, Deutschland.
| | - Jens Schrecker
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Rudolf-Virchow-Klinikum, Glauchau, Deutschland
| | - Michael Schwemm
- Institut für Experimentelle Ophthalmologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str. 100, Gebäude 22, 66424, Homburg, Deutschland
| | - Timo Eppig
- Institut für Experimentelle Ophthalmologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str. 100, Gebäude 22, 66424, Homburg, Deutschland
| | - S Schröder
- Institut für Experimentelle Ophthalmologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str. 100, Gebäude 22, 66424, Homburg, Deutschland
| | - Nóra Szentmáry
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Zentrum für Limbusstammzellforschung und kongenitale Aniridie, Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str., Gebäude 22, 66421, Homburg, Deutschland.,Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Semmelweis-Universität, Mária u. 39, 1085, Budapest, Ungarn
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13
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Schröder S, San-Román MF, Ortiz I. Dioxins and furans toxicity during the photocatalytic remediation of emerging pollutants. Triclosan as case study. Sci Total Environ 2021; 770:144853. [PMID: 33513494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of wastewater remediation technologies are offset in those cases where, as a result of operating conditions, harmful compounds are formed in the degradation routes of the original organic pollutants. This may be the case for the application of some advanced oxidation processes to wastewater containing precursors of dioxins and furans, as previously reported in the application of electrochemical and Fenton oxidation to degrade Triclosan and 2-chlorophenol. This work reports for the first time a detailed kinetic analysis of the formation of dioxins and furans during the photocatalytic treatment of aqueous samples containing 5-Chloro-2-[2,4-dichlorophenoxy] phenol, commercially known as Triclosan. After analysis of the PCDD/Fs concentration, the toxicity of the samples has been determined in terms of toxic equivalents (TEQ). TEQ values have been calculated, first with the group of 17 congeners with higher toxicity. Finally, a multivariable analysis and linear regression have been applied to reduce the significant number of congeners and optimize the analytical effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Schröder
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Mª-Fresnedo San-Román
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Ortiz
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain
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14
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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Albury JM, Allekotte I, Almela A, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Alves Batista R, Anastasi GA, Anchordoqui L, Andrada B, Andringa S, Aramo C, Araújo Ferreira PR, Asorey H, Assis P, Avila G, Badescu AM, Bakalova A, Balaceanu A, Barbato F, Barreira Luz RJ, Becker KH, Bellido JA, Berat C, Bertaina ME, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Bister T, Biteau J, Blazek J, Bleve C, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonneau Arbeletche L, Borodai N, Botti AM, Brack J, Bretz T, Briechle FL, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora KS, Caccianiga L, Cancio A, Canfora F, Caracas I, Carceller JM, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalani F, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cerda M, Chinellato JA, Choi K, Chudoba J, Chytka L, Clay RW, Cobos Cerutti AC, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Condorelli A, Consolati G, Contreras F, Convenga F, Covault CE, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, Day JA, de Almeida RM, de Jesús J, de Jong SJ, De Mauro G, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Oliveira Franco D, de Souza V, De Vito E, Debatin J, Del Río M, Deligny O, Dembinski H, Dhital N, Di Matteo A, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Dos Anjos RC, Dova MT, Ebr J, Engel R, Epicoco I, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Farmer J, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Feldbusch F, Fenu F, Fick B, Figueira JM, Filipčič A, Fodran T, Freire MM, Fujii T, Fuster A, Galea C, Galelli C, García B, Garcia Vegas AL, Gemmeke H, Gesualdi F, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Glombitza J, Gobbi F, Gollan F, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale PF, Gongora JP, González N, Goos I, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gottowik M, Grubb TD, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Guido E, Hahn S, Halliday R, Hampel MR, Hansen P, Harari D, Harvey VM, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Hill GC, Hojvat C, Hörandel JR, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hulsman J, Insolia A, Isar PG, Johnsen JA, Jurysek J, Kääpä A, Kampert KH, Keilhauer B, Kemp J, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Köpke M, Kukec Mezek G, Lago BL, LaHurd D, Lang RG, Langner N, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Lenok V, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Lo Presti D, Lopes L, López R, Lorek R, Luce Q, Lucero A, Lundquist JP, Machado Payeras A, Mancarella G, Mandat D, Manning BC, Manshanden J, Mantsch P, Marafico S, Mariazzi AG, Mariş IC, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Mastrodicasa M, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthiae G, Mayotte E, Mazur PO, Medina-Tanco G, Melo D, Menshikov A, Merenda KD, Michal S, Micheletti MI, Miramonti L, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Müller AL, Muller MA, Mulrey K, Mussa R, Muzio M, Namasaka WM, Nellen L, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Nucita A, Núñez LA, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Pech M, Pedreira F, Pȩkala J, Pelayo R, Peña-Rodriguez J, Perez Armand J, Perlin M, Perrone L, Petrera S, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Pont B, Pothast M, Privitera P, Prouza M, Puyleart A, Querchfeld S, Rautenberg J, Ravignani D, Reininghaus M, Ridky J, Riehn F, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Rojo J, Roncoroni MJ, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Ruehl P, Saffi SJ, Saftoiu A, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sanabria Gomez JD, Sánchez F, Santos EM, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Savina P, Schäfer CM, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schimassek M, Schimp M, Schlüter F, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schovánek P, Schröder FG, Schröder S, Schulte J, Sciutto SJ, Scornavacche M, Shellard RC, Sigl G, Silli G, Sima O, Šmída R, Sommers P, Soriano JF, Souchard J, Squartini R, Stadelmaier M, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stasielak J, Stassi P, Streich A, Suárez-Durán M, Sudholz T, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Šupík J, Szadkowski Z, Taboada A, Tapia A, Timmermans C, Tkachenko O, Tobiska P, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomé B, Torralba Elipe G, Travaini A, Travnicek P, Trimarelli C, Trini M, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Vaclavek L, Vacula M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, Varela E, Varma K C V, Vásquez-Ramírez A, Veberič D, Ventura C, Vergara Quispe ID, Verzi V, Vicha J, Vink J, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Watson AA, Weber M, Weindl A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Winchen T, Wirtz M, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Yushkov A, Zapparrata O, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zehrer L, Zepeda A. Measurement of the Fluctuations in the Number of Muons in Extensive Air Showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:152002. [PMID: 33929235 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.152002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present the first measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers produced by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. We find that the measured fluctuations are in good agreement with predictions from air shower simulations. This observation provides new insights into the origin of the previously reported deficit of muons in air shower simulations and constrains models of hadronic interactions at ultrahigh energies. Our measurement is compatible with the muon deficit originating from small deviations in the predictions from hadronic interaction models of particle production that accumulate as the showers develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aab
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P Abreu
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aglietta
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - J M Albury
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - I Allekotte
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A Almela
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Alvarez-Muñiz
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Alves Batista
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G A Anastasi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - L Anchordoqui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - B Andrada
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Aramo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - H Asorey
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Assis
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Avila
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - A M Badescu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Bakalova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Balaceanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F Barbato
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Università di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
| | - R J Barreira Luz
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - K H Becker
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J A Bellido
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C Berat
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M E Bertaina
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - X Bertou
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P L Biermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - T Bister
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Biteau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - J Blazek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Bleve
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M Boháčová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Boncioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - C Bonifazi
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - N Borodai
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A M Botti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Brack
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - T Bretz
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - F L Briechle
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Buchholz
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A Bueno
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - S Buitink
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Buscemi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - L Caccianiga
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - A Cancio
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Canfora
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Caracas
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J M Carceller
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - R Caruso
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Castellina
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - F Catalani
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Cataldi
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - L Cazon
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Cerda
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J A Chinellato
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Choi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Chudoba
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Chytka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - R W Clay
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A C Cobos Cerutti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - R Colalillo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Università di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
| | - A Coleman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - M R Coluccia
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - R Conceição
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Condorelli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Consolati
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - F Contreras
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Convenga
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - C E Covault
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - S Dasso
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K Daumiller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B R Dawson
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J A Day
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R M de Almeida
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J de Jesús
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J de Jong
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G De Mauro
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J R T de Mello Neto
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I De Mitri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - V de Souza
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E De Vito
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - J Debatin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Del Río
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - O Deligny
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - H Dembinski
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Dhital
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - C Dobrigkeit
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C D'Olivo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - R C Dos Anjos
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
| | - M T Dova
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J Ebr
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I Epicoco
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - M Erdmann
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - C O Escobar
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A Etchegoyen
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Falcke
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - J Farmer
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G Farrar
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A C Fauth
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Fazzini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - F Feldbusch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Fenu
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - B Fick
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - J M Figueira
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Filipčič
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - T Fodran
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M M Freire
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - T Fujii
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - A Fuster
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Galea
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Galelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - B García
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - A L Garcia Vegas
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Gemmeke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Gesualdi
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Gherghel-Lascu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P L Ghia
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - U Giaccari
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Giller
- Faculty of Astrophysics, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - J Glombitza
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Gobbi
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Gollan
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Golup
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M Gómez Berisso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P F Gómez Vitale
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J P Gongora
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - N González
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Goos
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Góra
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Gorgi
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Gottowik
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T D Grubb
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - F Guarino
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Università di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
| | - G P Guedes
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - E Guido
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - S Hahn
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Halliday
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - M R Hampel
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Hansen
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Harari
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - V M Harvey
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Hebbeker
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Heck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G C Hill
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C Hojvat
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - J R Hörandel
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Horvath
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Hrabovský
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - T Huege
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Hulsman
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Insolia
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - P G Isar
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - J A Johnsen
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - J Jurysek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Kääpä
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K H Kampert
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Keilhauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Kemp
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - H O Klages
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kleifges
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - M Köpke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Kukec Mezek
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - B L Lago
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
| | - D LaHurd
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - R G Lang
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Langner
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - V Lenok
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Letessier-Selvon
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - I Lhenry-Yvon
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - D Lo Presti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R López
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - R Lorek
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Q Luce
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Lucero
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J P Lundquist
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Machado Payeras
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Mancarella
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - D Mandat
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B C Manning
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Manshanden
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Mantsch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - S Marafico
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - A G Mariazzi
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Marsella
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - D Martello
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - H Martinez
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - M Mastrodicasa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - H J Mathes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - G Matthiae
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | - E Mayotte
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P O Mazur
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - G Medina-Tanco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - D Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Menshikov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K-D Merenda
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - S Michal
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M I Micheletti
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - L Miramonti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Mollerach
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - F Montanet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Morello
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Mostafá
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A L Müller
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M A Muller
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Mulrey
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Mussa
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Muzio
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - W M Namasaka
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - L Nellen
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - M Niculescu-Oglinzanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - M Niechciol
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - D Nitz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - D Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Novotny
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nožka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A Nucita
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - L A Núñez
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - M Palatka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pallotta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - P Papenbreer
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Parente
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Parra
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - M Pech
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Pedreira
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Pȩkala
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Pelayo
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
| | | | - J Perez Armand
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Perlin
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Perrone
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - S Petrera
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - T Pierog
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Pimenta
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - V Pirronello
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Platino
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Pont
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Pothast
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Privitera
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Prouza
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Puyleart
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - S Querchfeld
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Rautenberg
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Ravignani
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Reininghaus
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Ridky
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Riehn
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Risse
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - P Ristori
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - V Rizi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | | | - J Rodriguez Rojo
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M J Roncoroni
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Roth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Roulet
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A C Rovero
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Ruehl
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - S J Saffi
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Saftoiu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F Salamida
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - H Salazar
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - G Salina
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Sánchez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E M Santos
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Santos
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Sarazin
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - R Sarmento
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Sarmiento-Cano
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Sato
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Savina
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - C M Schäfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimassek
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimp
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F Schlüter
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Scholten
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Schovánek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F G Schröder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Schröder
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Schulte
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - S J Sciutto
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Scornavacche
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R C Shellard
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Sigl
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Silli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Sima
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - R Šmída
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - P Sommers
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J F Soriano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - J Souchard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - R Squartini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M Stadelmaier
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Stanca
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Stanič
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - J Stasielak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Stassi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Streich
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Suárez-Durán
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - T Sudholz
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - T Suomijärvi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - A D Supanitsky
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Šupík
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Z Szadkowski
- Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - A Taboada
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Tapia
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C Timmermans
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Tkachenko
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Tobiska
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C J Todero Peixoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Tomé
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Torralba Elipe
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Travaini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Travnicek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Trimarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - M Trini
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Tueros
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - R Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Unger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Vaclavek
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Vacula
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - J F Valdés Galicia
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - I Valiño
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - L Valore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Università di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
| | - E Varela
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - V Varma K C
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - D Veberič
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Ventura
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - V Verzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | - J Vicha
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Vink
- Faculty of Science, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Vorobiov
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - H Wahlberg
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A A Watson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - M Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Wiencke
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - H Wilczyński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Winchen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Wirtz
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Wittkowski
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Wundheiler
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Yushkov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Zapparrata
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Zas
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - L Zehrer
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Zepeda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), México, Distrito Federal, México
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15
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Dietzel J, Hörder S, Habermann IV, Meyer-Hamme G, Hahn K, Ortiz M, Roll S, Linde K, Irnich D, Hammes M, Nögel R, Wullinger M, Wortman V, Hummelsberger J, Willich SN, Schröder S, Brinkhaus B. Acupuncture in diabetic peripheral neuropathy-protocol for the randomized, multicenter ACUDPN trial. Trials 2021; 22:164. [PMID: 33637134 PMCID: PMC7907791 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acupuncture is used to treat patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy; however, the evidence is unclear. We present the design and methodology of the ACUDPN (ACUpuncture in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy) trial, which investigates the effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) symptoms. The aim of this study is to investigate whether acupuncture is effective for the treatment of DPN symptoms. METHODS This study is a two-armed, randomized, controlled, parallel group, open-label, confirmatory, multicenter trial (8-week intervention period plus 16 weeks of follow-up). Physicians in outpatient units in Germany who specialize in acupuncture treatment will treat 110 diabetes type II patients with clinical symptoms of peripheral neuropathy in the feet and legs with signs of neuropathy according to nerve conduction testing. The patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to one of the following two groups: (a) semi-standardized acupuncture plus routine care or (b) routine care alone. Acupuncture will consist of 12 treatments per patient over 8 weeks. The primary outcome will be the overall DPN-related complaints in the extremities after 8 weeks as measured by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Further outcome measures will include DPN-related pain, the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI), Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain Impact (DPNPI) scores, and nerve conduction parameters of the sural nerve at weeks 8, 16, and 24. DISCUSSION The results of this trial will be available in 2021 and will help clarify whether acupuncture can be considered effective for the treatment of DPN with regard to the subdimensions of the neuropathic clinical picture. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03755960 . Registered on 11 August 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dietzel
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstr. 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - S Hörder
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstr. 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - I V Habermann
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstr. 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Meyer-Hamme
- TCM-Zentrum am UKE, Breitenfelder Str. 15, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Hahn
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Ortiz
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstr. 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Roll
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstr. 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Linde
- TUM School of Medicine, Institute of General Practice, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - D Irnich
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, Munich, Germany
| | - M Hammes
- Praxis Dr.med. Michael Hammes, Louisenstraße 27a, Homburg, Germany
| | - R Nögel
- Praxis Prof. Hempen & Kollegen, Fachärztliches Zentrum, Chinesische Medizin, Akupunktur, Franz-Joseph-Straße 38, 80801, Munich, Germany
| | - M Wullinger
- Praxis für chinesische Medizin, Rathausstr. 10, 83022, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - V Wortman
- Praxis für TCM, Dilherrstr. 6, 90429, Nürnberg, Germany
| | | | - S N Willich
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstr. 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schröder
- TCM-Zentrum am UKE, Breitenfelder Str. 15, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Brinkhaus
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Luisenstr. 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Schröder S, Lindstrøm CA, Bohlen S, Boyle G, D'Arcy R, Diederichs S, Garland MJ, Gonzalez P, Knetsch A, Libov V, Niknejadi P, Põder K, Schaper L, Schmidt B, Sheeran B, Tauscher G, Wesch S, Zemella J, Zeng M, Osterhoff J. Author Correction: High-resolution sampling of beam-driven plasma wakefields. Nat Commun 2021; 12:371. [PMID: 33420017 PMCID: PMC7794482 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Schröder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany. .,Universität Hamburg, Mittelweg 177, 20148, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - C A Lindstrøm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Bohlen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Universität Hamburg, Mittelweg 177, 20148, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Boyle
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R D'Arcy
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Diederichs
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Universität Hamburg, Mittelweg 177, 20148, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M J Garland
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Gonzalez
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Universität Hamburg, Mittelweg 177, 20148, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Knetsch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - V Libov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Niknejadi
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kris Põder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Schaper
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Schmidt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Sheeran
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Universität Hamburg, Mittelweg 177, 20148, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Tauscher
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Universität Hamburg, Mittelweg 177, 20148, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Wesch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Zemella
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Zeng
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Osterhoff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Lindstrøm CA, Garland JM, Schröder S, Boulton L, Boyle G, Chappell J, D'Arcy R, Gonzalez P, Knetsch A, Libov V, Loisch G, Martinez de la Ossa A, Niknejadi P, Põder K, Schaper L, Schmidt B, Sheeran B, Wesch S, Wood J, Osterhoff J. Energy-Spread Preservation and High Efficiency in a Plasma-Wakefield Accelerator. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:014801. [PMID: 33480753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.014801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Energy-efficient plasma-wakefield acceleration of particle bunches with low energy spread is a promising path to realizing compact free-electron lasers and particle colliders. High efficiency and low energy spread can be achieved simultaneously by strong beam loading of plasma wakefields when accelerating bunches with carefully tailored current profiles [M. Tzoufras et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 145002 (2008)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.101.145002]. We experimentally demonstrate such optimal beam loading in a nonlinear electron-driven plasma accelerator. Bunches with an initial energy of 1 GeV were accelerated by 45 MeV with an energy-transfer efficiency of (42±4)% at a gradient of 1.3 GV/m while preserving per-mille energy spreads with full charge coupling, demonstrating wakefield flattening at the few-percent level.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Lindstrøm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J M Garland
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Schröder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Boulton
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, United Kingdom
| | - G Boyle
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Chappell
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - R D'Arcy
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Gonzalez
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Knetsch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - V Libov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Loisch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - P Niknejadi
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Põder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Schaper
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Schmidt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Sheeran
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Wesch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Wood
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Osterhoff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Albury JM, Allekotte I, Almela A, Alvarez Castillo J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Alves Batista R, Anastasi GA, Anchordoqui L, Andrada B, Andringa S, Aramo C, Araújo Ferreira PR, Asorey H, Assis P, Avila G, Badescu AM, Bakalova A, Balaceanu A, Barbato F, Barreira Luz RJ, Becker KH, Bellido JA, Berat C, Bertaina ME, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Bister T, Biteau J, Blanco A, Blazek J, Bleve C, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonneau Arbeletche L, Borodai N, Botti AM, Brack J, Bretz T, Briechle FL, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora KS, Caccianiga L, Calcagni L, Cancio A, Canfora F, Caracas I, Carceller JM, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalani F, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cerda M, Chinellato JA, Choi K, Chudoba J, Chytka L, Clay RW, Cobos Cerutti AC, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Condorelli A, Consolati G, Contreras F, Convenga F, Covault CE, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, Day JA, de Almeida RM, de Jesús J, de Jong SJ, De Mauro G, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Oliveira Franco D, de Souza V, De Vito E, Debatin J, Del Río M, Deligny O, Dembinski H, Dhital N, Di Giulio C, Di Matteo A, Díaz Castro ML, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Dorosti Q, Dos Anjos RC, Dova MT, Ebr J, Engel R, Epicoco I, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Farmer J, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Feldbusch F, Fenu F, Fick B, Figueira JM, Filipčič A, Fodran T, Freire MM, Fujii T, Fuster A, Galea C, Galelli C, García B, Garcia Vegas AL, Gemmeke H, Gesualdi F, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Glombitza J, Gobbi F, Gollan F, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale PF, Gongora JP, González N, Goos I, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gottowik M, Grubb TD, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Guido E, Hahn S, Halliday R, Hampel MR, Hansen P, Harari D, Harvey VM, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Hill GC, Hojvat C, Hörandel JR, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hulsman J, Insolia A, Isar PG, Johnsen JA, Jurysek J, Kääpä A, Kampert KH, Keilhauer B, Kemp J, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Köpke M, Kukec Mezek G, Lago BL, LaHurd D, Lang RG, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Lenok V, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Lo Presti D, Lopes L, López R, Lorek R, Luce Q, Lucero A, Machado Payeras A, Malacari M, Mancarella G, Mandat D, Manning BC, Manshanden J, Mantsch P, Marafico S, Mariazzi AG, Mariş IC, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Mastrodicasa M, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthiae G, Mayotte E, Mazur PO, Medina-Tanco G, Melo D, Menshikov A, Merenda KD, Michal S, Micheletti MI, Miramonti L, Mockler D, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Müller AL, Muller MA, Mulrey K, Mussa R, Muzio M, Namasaka WM, Nellen L, Nguyen PH, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Nucita A, Núñez LA, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Panetta MP, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Pech M, Pedreira F, Pȩkala J, Pelayo R, Peña-Rodriguez J, Perez Armand J, Perlin M, Perrone L, Peters C, Petrera S, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Pont B, Pothast M, Privitera P, Prouza M, Puyleart A, Querchfeld S, Rautenberg J, Ravignani D, Reininghaus M, Ridky J, Riehn F, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Fernandez G, Rodriguez Rojo J, Roncoroni MJ, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Ruehl P, Saffi SJ, Saftoiu A, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sanabria Gomez JD, Sánchez F, Santos EM, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Savina P, Schäfer C, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schimassek M, Schimp M, Schlüter F, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schovánek P, Schröder FG, Schröder S, Schulz A, Sciutto SJ, Scornavacche M, Shellard RC, Sigl G, Silli G, Sima O, Šmída R, Sommers P, Soriano JF, Souchard J, Squartini R, Stadelmaier M, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stasielak J, Stassi P, Streich A, Suárez-Durán M, Sudholz T, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Šupík J, Szadkowski Z, Taboada A, Tapia A, Timmermans C, Tkachenko O, Tobiska P, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomé B, Torralba Elipe G, Travaini A, Travnicek P, Trimarelli C, Trini M, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Vaclavek L, Vacula M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, van Vliet A, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Vásquez-Ramírez A, Veberič D, Ventura C, Vergara Quispe ID, Verzi V, Vicha J, Villaseñor L, Vink J, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Watson AA, Weber M, Weindl A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Winchen T, Wirtz M, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Yushkov A, Zapparrata O, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zehrer L, Zepeda A, Ziolkowski M, Zuccarello F. Features of the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays above 2.5×10^{18} eV Using the Pierre Auger Observatory. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:121106. [PMID: 33016715 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.121106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 2.5×10^{18} eV based on 215 030 events. New results are presented: at about 1.3×10^{19} eV, the spectral index changes from 2.51±0.03(stat)±0.05(syst) to 3.05±0.05(stat)±0.10(syst), evolving to 5.1±0.3(stat)±0.1(syst) beyond 5×10^{19} eV, while no significant dependence of spectral features on the declination is seen in the accessible range. These features of the spectrum can be reproduced in models with energy-dependent mass composition. The energy density in cosmic rays above 5×10^{18} eV is [5.66±0.03(stat)±1.40(syst)]×10^{53} erg Mpc^{-3}.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aab
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P Abreu
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aglietta
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - J M Albury
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - I Allekotte
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A Almela
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - J Alvarez-Muñiz
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Alves Batista
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G A Anastasi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - L Anchordoqui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - B Andrada
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Aramo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - H Asorey
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Assis
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Avila
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - A M Badescu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Bakalova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Balaceanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F Barbato
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy
| | - R J Barreira Luz
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - K H Becker
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J A Bellido
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - C Berat
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France
| | - M E Bertaina
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - X Bertou
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P L Biermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - T Bister
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Biteau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - A Blanco
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Blazek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Bleve
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France
| | - M Boháčová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Boncioli
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - C Bonifazi
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - N Borodai
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A M Botti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Brack
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - T Bretz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - F L Briechle
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Buchholz
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A Bueno
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - S Buitink
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Buscemi
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - L Caccianiga
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - L Calcagni
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A Cancio
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Canfora
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Caracas
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J M Carceller
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - R Caruso
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Castellina
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - F Catalani
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - G Cataldi
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - L Cazon
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Cerda
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J A Chinellato
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - K Choi
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Chudoba
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Chytka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - R W Clay
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - A C Cobos Cerutti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - R Colalillo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy
| | - A Coleman
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA
| | - M R Coluccia
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - R Conceição
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Condorelli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Consolati
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
| | - F Contreras
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Convenga
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - C E Covault
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- also at Radboud Universtiy Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S Dasso
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K Daumiller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B R Dawson
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - J A Day
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - R M de Almeida
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil
| | - J de Jesús
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J de Jong
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G De Mauro
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J R T de Mello Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - I De Mitri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - V de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - E De Vito
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - J Debatin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Del Río
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - O Deligny
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - H Dembinski
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Dhital
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - C Di Giulio
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | | | - M L Díaz Castro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - C Dobrigkeit
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - J C D'Olivo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Q Dorosti
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - R C Dos Anjos
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
| | - M T Dova
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J Ebr
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I Epicoco
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - M Erdmann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - A Etchegoyen
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Falcke
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - J Farmer
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G Farrar
- New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A C Fauth
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - N Fazzini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, USA
| | - F Feldbusch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Fenu
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - B Fick
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - J M Figueira
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Filipčič
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - T Fodran
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M M Freire
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - T Fujii
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
- now at Hakubi Center for Advanced Research and Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Fuster
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Galea
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Galelli
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - B García
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - A L Garcia Vegas
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Gemmeke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Gesualdi
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Gherghel-Lascu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P L Ghia
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - U Giaccari
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Giller
- University of Łódź, Faculty of Astrophysics, Łódź, Poland
| | - J Glombitza
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Gobbi
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Gollan
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Golup
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M Gómez Berisso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P F Gómez Vitale
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J P Gongora
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - N González
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Goos
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Góra
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Gorgi
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Gottowik
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T D Grubb
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - F Guarino
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy
| | - G P Guedes
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - E Guido
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - S Hahn
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Halliday
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M R Hampel
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Hansen
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Harari
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - V M Harvey
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Hebbeker
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Heck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G C Hill
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - C Hojvat
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, USA
| | - J R Hörandel
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Horvath
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Hrabovský
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - T Huege
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Hulsman
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Insolia
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - P G Isar
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | | | - J Jurysek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Kääpä
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K H Kampert
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Keilhauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Kemp
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - H O Klages
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kleifges
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - M Köpke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Kukec Mezek
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - B L Lago
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
| | - D LaHurd
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - R G Lang
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - V Lenok
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Letessier-Selvon
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - I Lhenry-Yvon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - D Lo Presti
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R López
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - R Lorek
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Q Luce
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Lucero
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - M Malacari
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G Mancarella
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - D Mandat
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B C Manning
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - J Manshanden
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Mantsch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, USA
| | - S Marafico
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - A G Mariazzi
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Marsella
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - D Martello
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - H Martinez
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - M Mastrodicasa
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - H J Mathes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - G Matthiae
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - E Mayotte
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P O Mazur
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, USA
| | - G Medina-Tanco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - D Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Menshikov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - S Michal
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M I Micheletti
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - L Miramonti
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - D Mockler
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Mollerach
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - F Montanet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France
| | - C Morello
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Mostafá
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - A L Müller
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M A Muller
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Poços de Caldas, Brazil
| | - K Mulrey
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Mussa
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Muzio
- New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - W M Namasaka
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - L Nellen
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - P H Nguyen
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - M Niculescu-Oglinzanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - M Niechciol
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - D Nitz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Novotny
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nožka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A Nucita
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - L A Núñez
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - M Palatka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pallotta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - M P Panetta
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - P Papenbreer
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Parente
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Parra
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - M Pech
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Pedreira
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Pȩkala
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Pelayo
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, D.F., México
| | | | - J Perez Armand
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Perlin
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Perrone
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - C Peters
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Petrera
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - T Pierog
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Pimenta
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - V Pirronello
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Platino
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Pont
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Pothast
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Privitera
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Prouza
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Puyleart
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - S Querchfeld
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Rautenberg
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Ravignani
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Reininghaus
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Ridky
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Riehn
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Risse
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - P Ristori
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - V Rizi
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | | | - G Rodriguez Fernandez
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | | | - M J Roncoroni
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Roth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Roulet
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A C Rovero
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Ruehl
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - S J Saffi
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - A Saftoiu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F Salamida
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - H Salazar
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - G Salina
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Sánchez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E M Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - E Santos
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Sarazin
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - R Sarmento
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Sarmiento-Cano
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Sato
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Savina
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - C Schäfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimassek
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimp
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F Schlüter
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Scholten
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Schovánek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F G Schröder
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Schröder
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Schulz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J Sciutto
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Scornavacche
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R C Shellard
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - G Sigl
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Silli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Sima
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- also at Radboud Universtiy Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R Šmída
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - P Sommers
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - J F Soriano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - J Souchard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France
| | - R Squartini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M Stadelmaier
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Stanca
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Stanič
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - J Stasielak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Stassi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France
| | - A Streich
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Suárez-Durán
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - T Sudholz
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - T Suomijärvi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - A D Supanitsky
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Šupík
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Z Szadkowski
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
| | - A Taboada
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Tapia
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C Timmermans
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Tkachenko
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Tobiska
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C J Todero Peixoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - B Tomé
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Torralba Elipe
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Travaini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Travnicek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Trimarelli
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - M Trini
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Tueros
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - R Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Unger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Urban
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - L Vaclavek
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Vacula
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - I Valiño
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - L Valore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy
| | - A van Vliet
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E Varela
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | | | | | - D Veberič
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Ventura
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - V Verzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - J Vicha
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Villaseñor
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - J Vink
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Vorobiov
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - H Wahlberg
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A A Watson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - M Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Wiencke
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - H Wilczyński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Winchen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Wirtz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Wittkowski
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Wundheiler
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Yushkov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Zapparrata
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Zas
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - L Zehrer
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Zepeda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), México, D.F., México
| | - M Ziolkowski
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - F Zuccarello
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
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19
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Rupprecht C, Klaas M, Knopf H, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Qin Y, Tongay S, Schröder S, Eilenberger F, Höfling S, Schneider C. Demonstration of a polariton step potential by local variation of light-matter coupling in a van-der-Waals heterostructure. Opt Express 2020; 28:18649-18657. [PMID: 32672161 DOI: 10.1364/oe.392821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The large oscillator strength of excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide layers facilitates the formation of exciton-polariton resonances for monolayers and van-der-Waals heterostructures embedded in optical microcavities. Here, we show, that locally changing the number of layers in a WSe2/hBN/WSe2 van-der-Waals heterostructure embedded in a monolithic, high-quality-factor cavity gives rise to a local variation of the coupling strength. This effect yields a polaritonic stair case potential, which we demonstrate at room temperature. Our result paves the way towards engineering local polaritonic potentials at length scales down to atomically sharp interfaces, based on purely modifying its real part contribution via the coherent light-matter coupling strength g.
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Waschk M, Sarkar A, Barthel J, Voigt J, Schröder S, Zakalek P, Schmitz M, Kirby BJ, Pütter S, Schubert J, Brückel T. Impact of growth kinetics on the interface morphology and magnetization in La 1/3Sr 2/3FeO 3/La 2/3Sr 1/3MnO 3 heterostructures. J Phys Condens Matter 2020; 32:165801. [PMID: 31899900 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab678c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to create atomically perfect, epitaxial heterostructures of correlated complex perovskite oxides using state-of-art thin film deposition techniques has generated new physical phenomena at engineered interfaces. Here we report on the impact of growth kinetics on the magnetic structure and exchange coupling at the interface in heterostructures combining layers of antiferromagnetic La1/3Sr2/3FeO3 (LSFO) and ferromagnetic La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 (LSMO) on (0 0 1)-oriented SrTiO3 (STO) substrates. Two growth orders are investigated, (a) LSMO/LSFO/STO(0 0 1) and (b) LSFO/LSMO/STO(0 0 1), where the LSFO layer is grown by molecular beam epitaxy and the LSMO layer by high oxygen pressure sputtering. The interface has been investigated using electron microscopy and polarized neutron reflectometry. Interdiffusion over seven monolayers is observed in LSMO/LSFO (a) with an almost 50% reduction in magnetization at the interface and showing no exchange coupling. However, the exchange bias effect ([Formula: see text] mT at 10 K) could be realized when the interface is atomically sharp, as in LSFO/LSMO (b). Our study therefore reveals that, even for well ordered and lattice-matched structures, the kinetics involved in the growth processes drastically influences the interface quality with a strong correlation to the magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waschk
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-2) and Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-4), JARA-FIT, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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21
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Solá-Gutiérrez C, Schröder S, San-Román MF, Ortiz I. Critical review on the mechanistic photolytic and photocatalytic degradation of triclosan. J Environ Manage 2020; 260:110101. [PMID: 32090818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The environmentally extended presence of triclosan, TCS, component of many pharmaceutical and personal care products, and its known persistent character have awoke the scientific and social concern leading to the study of effective remediation techniques. Advanced oxidation techniques stand out for the effectiveness in degrading many persistent compounds, and as a result, they have been addressed by many researchers. However, the powerful oxidation media might lead to the formation of undesirable by-products, concern that has also been widely addressed. With regard to the presence of TCS, photolytic and photocatalytic processes provide a very effective degradation yield and rate, with a large number of reports addressing its removal from different environmental matrices. But currently, there is no clear understanding of the mechanisms involved and the routes responsible for the formation of degradation products. Thus, this work presents an exhaustive and critical analysis of the state of the art related to the photo-degradation of TCS, with special focus on the formation of oxidation by-products, on the phenomena responsible and on the influence of operation variables. This report aims at offering valuable information to researchers dealing with this environmentally relevant problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Solá-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005, Santander, Spain
| | - Sophie Schröder
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005, Santander, Spain
| | - M Fresnedo San-Román
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005, Santander, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ortiz
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005, Santander, Spain.
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San-Román MF, Solá-Gutiérrez C, Schröder S, Laso J, Margallo M, Vázquez-Rowe I, Ortiz I, Irabien A, Aldaco R. Potential formation of PCDD/Fs in triclosan wastewater treatment: An overall toxicity assessment under a life cycle approach. Sci Total Environ 2020; 707:135981. [PMID: 31869605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater may contain a diverse group of unregulated pollutants known as emerging pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Triclosan (TCS) is a personal care product widely used as an antiseptic or preservative in cosmetics, hand wash, toothpaste and deodorant soaps. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been used as effective and alternative treatments for complex wastewater. However, an important criterion for the assessment of AOPs and their operation conditions could be the potential formation of new toxic secondary products, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), especially when emerging pollutants are present in the media. If these are omitted from environmental management studies, the real environmental impacts of a WWTPs (wastewater treatment plants) may be underestimated. Consequently, the current study aims to evaluate the environmental impacts derived from electrooxidation (EOX), one of the most effective oxidation technologies, of emerging pollutants using Life Cycle Assessment. The analyses were performed for the treatment of effluents containing TCS, firstly without considering the formation of PCDD/Fs and, thereafter, considering the effects of these compounds. Total toxicity, calculated through different methods and corresponding impact factors, were evaluated for each stage of the process when different electrolytes are used, including PCDD/Fs formation. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to study i) the effect of the TCS initial concentration on the environmental impacts associated to ecotoxicity for the different life cycle methods and ii) the influence of changing the organic pollutant on PCDD/Fs formation employing 2-chlorophenol (2-CP). As a result, LCIA methods demonstrate that they are not fully adapted to the computation of PCDD/Fs in the water compartment, since only 2,3,7,8-tetraclorodibenzo-p-dioxina (2,3,7,8-TCDD) is present as a substance in the impact categories assessed, ignoring the remaining list of PCDD/Fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F San-Román
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain.
| | - C Solá-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - S Schröder
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - J Laso
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - M Margallo
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - I Vázquez-Rowe
- Peruvian Life Cycle Assessment Network (PELCAN), Departamento de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima 15088, Peru
| | - I Ortiz
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - A Irabien
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - R Aldaco
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain
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23
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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Albuquerque I, Albury J, Allekotte I, Almela A, Alvarez Castillo J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Anastasi G, Anchordoqui L, Andrada B, Andringa S, Aramo C, Asorey H, Assis P, Avila G, Badescu A, Bakalova A, Balaceanu A, Barbato F, Barreira Luz R, Baur S, Becker K, Bellido J, Berat C, Bertaina M, Bertou X, Biermann P, Biteau J, Blaess S, Blanco A, Blazek J, Bleve C, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Borodai N, Botti A, Brack J, Bretz T, Bridgeman A, Briechle F, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora K, Caccianiga L, Calcagni L, Cancio A, Canfora F, Carceller J, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalani F, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cerda M, Chinellato J, Chudoba J, Chytka L, Clay R, Cobos Cerutti A, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Coluccia M, Conceição R, Condorelli A, Consolati G, Contreras F, Convenga F, Cooper M, Coutu S, Covault C, Daniel B, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson B, Day J, de Almeida R, de Jong S, De Mauro G, de Mello Neto J, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Oliveira Salles F, de Souza V, Debatin J, del Río M, Deligny O, Dhital N, Díaz Castro M, Diogo F, Dobrigkeit C, D’Olivo J, Dorosti Q, dos Anjos R, Dova M, Dundovic A, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Escobar C, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Farmer J, Farrar G, Fauth A, Fazzini N, Feldbusch F, Fenu F, Ferreyro L, Figueira J, Filipčič A, Freire M, Fujii T, Fuster A, García B, Gemmeke H, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia P, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Głas D, Glombitza J, Gobbi F, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale P, Gongora J, González N, Goos I, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gottowik M, Grubb T, Guarino F, Guedes G, Guido E, Halliday R, Hampel M, Hansen P, Harari D, Harrison T, Harvey V, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Heimann P, Hill G, Hojvat C, Holt E, Homola P, Hörandel J, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hulsman J, Insolia A, Isar P, Jandt I, Johnsen J, Josebachuili M, Jurysek J, Kääpä A, Kampert K, Keilhauer B, Kemmerich N, Kemp J, Klages H, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Krause R, Kuempel D, Kukec Mezek G, Kuotb Awad A, Lago B, LaHurd D, Lang R, Legumina R, Leigui de Oliveira M, Lenok V, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Lippmann O, Lo Presti D, Lopes L, López R, López Casado A, Lorek R, Luce Q, Lucero A, Malacari M, Mancarella G, Mandat D, Manning B, Mantsch P, Mariazzi A, Mariş I, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Mastrodicasa M, Mathes H, Mathys S, Matthews J, Matthiae G, Mayotte E, Mazur P, Medina-Tanco G, Melo D, Menshikov A, Merenda KD, Michal S, Micheletti M, Middendorf L, Miramonti L, Mitrica B, Mockler D, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morello C, Morlino G, Mostafá M, Müller A, Muller M, Müller S, Mussa R, Nellen L, Nguyen P, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Nucita A, Núñez L, Olinto A, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Panetta M, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Pech M, Pedreira F, Pȩkala J, Pelayo R, Peña-Rodriguez J, Pereira L, Perlin M, Perrone L, Peters C, Petrera S, Phuntsok J, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Poh J, Pont B, Porowski C, Prado R, Privitera P, Prouza M, Puyleart A, Querchfeld S, Quinn S, Ramos-Pollan R, Rautenberg J, Ravignani D, Reininghaus M, Ridky J, Riehn F, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Rojo J, Roncoroni M, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero A, Ruehl P, Saffi S, Saftoiu A, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sanabria Gomez J, Sánchez F, Santos E, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Savina P, Schauer M, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schimassek M, Schimp M, Schlüter F, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schovánek P, Schröder F, Schröder S, Schumacher J, Sciutto S, Scornavacche M, Shellard R, Sigl G, Silli G, Sima O, Šmída R, Snow G, Sommers P, Soriano J, Souchard J, Squartini R, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stasielak J, Stassi P, Stolpovskiy M, Streich A, Suarez F, Suárez-Durán M, Sudholz T, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky A, Šupík J, Szadkowski Z, Taboada A, Taborda O, Tapia A, Timmermans C, Todero Peixoto C, Tomé B, Torralba Elipe G, Travaini A, Travnicek P, Trini M, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valdés Galicia J, Valiño I, Valore L, van Bodegom P, van den Berg A, van Vliet A, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Veberič D, Ventura C, Vergara Quispe I, Verzi V, Vicha J, Villaseñor L, Vink J, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Watson A, Weber M, Weindl A, Wiedeński M, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Winchen T, Wirtz M, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Yang L, Yushkov A, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zehrer L, Zepeda A, Zimmermann B, Ziolkowski M, Zong Z, Zuccarello F. Data-driven estimation of the invisible energy of cosmic ray showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.082003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Thomas NH, Ehlmann BL, Meslin P, Rapin W, Anderson DE, Rivera‐Hernández F, Forni O, Schröder S, Cousin A, Mangold N, Gellert R, Gasnault O, Wiens RC. Mars Science Laboratory Observations of Chloride Salts in Gale Crater, Mars. Geophys Res Lett 2019; 46:10754-10763. [PMID: 31894167 PMCID: PMC6919417 DOI: 10.1029/2019gl082764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover is traversing a sequence of stratified sedimentary rocks in Gale crater that contain varied eolian, fluviodeltaic, and lake deposits, with phyllosilicates, iron oxides, and sulfate salts. Here, we report the chloride salt distribution along the rover traverse. Chlorine is detected at low levels (<3 wt.%) in soil and rock targets with multiple MSL instruments. Isolated fine-scale observations of high chlorine (up to ≥15 wt.% Cl), detected using the ChemCam instrument, are associated with elevated Na2O and interpreted as halite grains or cements in bedrock. Halite is also interpreted at the margins of veins and in nodular, altered textures. We have not detected halite in obvious evaporitic layers. Instead, its scattered distribution indicates that chlorides emplaced earlier in particular members of the Murray formation were remobilized and reprecipitated by later groundwaters within Murray formation mudstones and in diagenetic veins and nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. H. Thomas
- Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - B. L. Ehlmann
- Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - P.‐Y. Meslin
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNESToulouseFrance
| | - W. Rapin
- Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - D. E. Anderson
- Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | | | - O. Forni
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNESToulouseFrance
| | | | - A. Cousin
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNESToulouseFrance
| | - N. Mangold
- Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, UMR6112, CNRS, Université de NantesNantesFrance
| | - R. Gellert
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of GulephGulephOntarioCanada
| | - O. Gasnault
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNESToulouseFrance
| | - R. C. Wiens
- Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA
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von Finck A, Herffurth T, Duparré A, Schröder S, Lequime M, Zerrad M, Liukaityte S, Amra C, Achour S, Chalony M, Kuperman Q, Cornil Y, Bialek A, Goodman T, Greenwell C, Gur B, Brinkers S, Otter G, Vosteen A, Stover J, Vink R, Deep A, Doyle D. International round-robin experiment for angle-resolved light scattering measurement. Appl Opt 2019; 58:6638-6654. [PMID: 31503596 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.006638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An international round-robin experiment has been conducted to test procedures and methods for the measurement of angle-resolved light scattering. ASTM E2387-05 has been used as the main guide, while the experience gained should also contribute to the new ISO standard of angle-resolved scattering currently under development (ISO/WD 19986:2016). Seven laboratories from Europe and the United States measured the angle-resolved scattering from Al/SiO2-coated substrates, transparent substrates, volume diffusors, quasi-volume diffusors, white calibration standards, and grating samples at laser wavelengths in the UV, VIS, and NIR spectra. Results were sent to Fraunhofer IOF, which coordinated the experiments and analyzed the data, while ESA-ESTEC, as the project donor, defined conditions and parameters. Depending mainly on the sample type, overall good to reasonable agreements were observed, with largest deviations at scattering angles very close to the specular beam. Volume diffusor characterization unexpectedly turned out to be challenging. Not all participants provided measurement uncertainty ranges according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement; often, a single general scatterometer-related measurement uncertainty value was stated. Although relative instrument measurement uncertainties close to 1% are sometimes claimed, the comparison results did not support these claims for specular scattering samples as mirrors, substrates, or gratings.
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D'Arcy R, Aschikhin A, Bohlen S, Boyle G, Brümmer T, Chappell J, Diederichs S, Foster B, Garland MJ, Goldberg L, Gonzalez P, Karstensen S, Knetsch A, Kuang P, Libov V, Ludwig K, Martinez de la Ossa A, Marutzky F, Meisel M, Mehrling TJ, Niknejadi P, Põder K, Pourmoussavi P, Quast M, Röckemann JH, Schaper L, Schmidt B, Schröder S, Schwinkendorf JP, Sheeran B, Tauscher G, Wesch S, Wing M, Winkler P, Zeng M, Osterhoff J. FLASHForward: plasma wakefield accelerator science for high-average-power applications. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 377:20180392. [PMID: 31230573 PMCID: PMC6602913 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The FLASHForward experimental facility is a high-performance test-bed for precision plasma wakefield research, aiming to accelerate high-quality electron beams to GeV-levels in a few centimetres of ionized gas. The plasma is created by ionizing gas in a gas cell either by a high-voltage discharge or a high-intensity laser pulse. The electrons to be accelerated will either be injected internally from the plasma background or externally from the FLASH superconducting RF front end. In both cases, the wakefield will be driven by electron beams provided by the FLASH gun and linac modules operating with a 10 Hz macro-pulse structure, generating 1.25 GeV, 1 nC electron bunches at up to 3 MHz micro-pulse repetition rates. At full capacity, this FLASH bunch-train structure corresponds to 30 kW of average power, orders of magnitude higher than drivers available to other state-of-the-art LWFA and PWFA experiments. This high-power functionality means FLASHForward is the only plasma wakefield facility in the world with the immediate capability to develop, explore and benchmark high-average-power plasma wakefield research essential for next-generation facilities. The operational parameters and technical highlights of the experiment are discussed, as well as the scientific goals and high-average-power outlook. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. D'Arcy
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Aschikhin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Bohlen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Boyle
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. Brümmer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. Chappell
- University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - S. Diederichs
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B. Foster
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - M. J. Garland
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Goldberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Gonzalez
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Karstensen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Knetsch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Kuang
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - V. Libov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K. Ludwig
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Martinez de la Ossa
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Marutzky
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Meisel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. J. Mehrling
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - P. Niknejadi
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K. Põder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Pourmoussavi
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Quast
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. -H. Röckemann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Schaper
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B. Schmidt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Schröder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. -P. Schwinkendorf
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B. Sheeran
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Tauscher
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Wesch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Wing
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - P. Winkler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Zeng
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. Osterhoff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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Solá-Gutiérrez C, Schröder S, San Román MF, Ortiz I. PCDD/Fs traceability during triclosan electrochemical oxidation. J Hazard Mater 2019; 369:584-592. [PMID: 30818123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol (TCS) is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) widely used in different consumer goods. Its recalcitrant nature demands the application of effective remediation technologies in order to avoid the negative environmental impact associated to the discharge of contaminated waters. Although advanced oxidation technologies have been considered the best alternative to destroy bio-recalcitrant compounds, the likely formation of high toxicity byproducts must be analysed before large-scale deployment. In this work, we aim to trace the presence of chlorinated compounds during the electro-oxidation of aqueous TCS samples. First, we analyze the influence of the initial concentration of TCS on the toxicity of the oxidation medium expressed by the International-Toxicity Equivalency Factor (I-TEF); second, we have detected the formation of intermediate organo-chlorinated compounds by GC-MS supported by HPLC and finally, we have quantified the concentration of highly-polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) by HRGC-HRMS within the oxidation treatment. In those samples where TCS had been completely degraded the concentration of PCDD/Fs showed a high increase, especially when NaCl was used as electrolyte, with the initial concentration of TCS. Under these conditions the I-TEF achieved values up to 3.8 × 102 pg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Solá-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005, Santander, Spain
| | - Sophie Schröder
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005, Santander, Spain
| | - M Fresnedo San Román
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005, Santander, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ortiz
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005, Santander, Spain.
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Speer T, Mühlbradt T, Fastner C, Schöffski O, Schröder S. Erratum zu: Simulationstraining als Teil des klinischen Risikomanagements. Anaesthesist 2019; 68:293. [DOI: 10.1007/s00101-019-0591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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D'Arcy R, Wesch S, Aschikhin A, Bohlen S, Behrens C, Garland MJ, Goldberg L, Gonzalez P, Knetsch A, Libov V, de la Ossa AM, Meisel M, Mehrling TJ, Niknejadi P, Poder K, Röckemann JH, Schaper L, Schmidt B, Schröder S, Palmer C, Schwinkendorf JP, Sheeran B, Streeter MJV, Tauscher G, Wacker V, Osterhoff J. Tunable Plasma-Based Energy Dechirper. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:034801. [PMID: 30735413 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.034801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A tunable plasma-based energy dechirper has been developed at FLASHForward to remove the correlated energy spread of a 681 MeV electron bunch. Through the interaction of the bunch with wakefields excited in plasma the projected energy spread was reduced from a FWHM of 1.31% to 0.33% without reducing the stability of the incoming beam. The experimental results for variable plasma density are in good agreement with analytic predictions and three-dimensional simulations. The proof-of-principle dechirping strength of 1.8 GeV/mm/m significantly exceeds those demonstrated for competing state-of-the-art techniques and may be key to future plasma wakefield-based free-electron lasers and high energy physics facilities, where large intrinsic chirps need to be removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D'Arcy
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Wesch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Aschikhin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Bohlen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Behrens
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M J Garland
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Goldberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Gonzalez
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Knetsch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - V Libov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Martinez de la Ossa
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Meisel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T J Mehrling
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Niknejadi
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Poder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J-H Röckemann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Schaper
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Schmidt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Schröder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Palmer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
| | - J-P Schwinkendorf
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Sheeran
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M J V Streeter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Imperial College London, Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - G Tauscher
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - V Wacker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Osterhoff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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Blyth D, Fry J, Fomin N, Alarcon R, Alonzi L, Askanazi E, Baeßler S, Balascuta S, Barrón-Palos L, Barzilov A, Bowman JD, Birge N, Calarco JR, Chupp TE, Cianciolo V, Coppola CE, Crawford CB, Craycraft K, Evans D, Fieseler C, Frlež E, Garishvili I, Gericke MTW, Gillis RC, Grammer KB, Greene GL, Hall J, Hamblen J, Hayes C, Iverson EB, Kabir ML, Kucuker S, Lauss B, Mahurin R, McCrea M, Maldonado-Velázquez M, Masuda Y, Mei J, Milburn R, Mueller PE, Musgrave M, Nann H, Novikov I, Parsons D, Penttilä SI, Počanić D, Ramirez-Morales A, Root M, Salas-Bacci A, Santra S, Schröder S, Scott E, Seo PN, Sharapov EI, Simmons F, Snow WM, Sprow A, Stewart J, Tang E, Tang Z, Tong X, Turkoglu DJ, Whitehead R, Wilburn WS. First Observation of P-odd γ Asymmetry in Polarized Neutron Capture on Hydrogen. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:242002. [PMID: 30608729 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.242002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of the parity-violating gamma-ray asymmetry A_{γ}^{np} in neutron-proton capture using polarized cold neutrons incident on a liquid parahydrogen target at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A_{γ}^{np} isolates the ΔI=1, ^{3}S_{1}→^{3}P_{1} component of the weak nucleon-nucleon interaction, which is dominated by pion exchange and can be directly related to a single coupling constant in either the DDH meson exchange model or pionless effective field theory. We measured A_{γ}^{np}=[-3.0±1.4(stat)±0.2(syst)]×10^{-8}, which implies a DDH weak πNN coupling of h_{π}^{1}=[2.6±1.2(stat)±0.2(syst)]×10^{-7} and a pionless EFT constant of C^{^{3}S_{1}→^{3}P_{1}}/C_{0}=[-7.4±3.5(stat)±0.5(syst)]×10^{-11} MeV^{-1}. We describe the experiment, data analysis, systematic uncertainties, and implications of the result.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Blyth
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Fry
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - N Fomin
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Alarcon
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - L Alonzi
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - E Askanazi
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - S Baeßler
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S Balascuta
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele 077125, Romania
| | - L Barrón-Palos
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000, Mexico
| | - A Barzilov
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - J D Bowman
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - N Birge
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J R Calarco
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - T E Chupp
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - V Cianciolo
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C E Coppola
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - C B Crawford
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - K Craycraft
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - D Evans
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - C Fieseler
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - E Frlež
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - I Garishvili
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M T W Gericke
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - R C Gillis
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - K B Grammer
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - G L Greene
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Hall
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - J Hamblen
- University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403 USA
| | - C Hayes
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - E B Iverson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M L Kabir
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39759, USA
| | - S Kucuker
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - B Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - R Mahurin
- Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA
| | - M McCrea
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - M Maldonado-Velázquez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000, Mexico
| | - Y Masuda
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tukuba-shi, 305-0801, Japan
| | - J Mei
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R Milburn
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - P E Mueller
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M Musgrave
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Nann
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - I Novikov
- Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky 42101, USA
| | - D Parsons
- University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403 USA
| | - S I Penttilä
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D Počanić
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - A Ramirez-Morales
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000, Mexico
| | - M Root
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - A Salas-Bacci
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - S Santra
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S Schröder
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Saarland University, Institute of Experimental Ophthalmology, Kirrberger Str. 100, Bldg. 22, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - E Scott
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - P-N Seo
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Lab, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E I Sharapov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - F Simmons
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - W M Snow
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - A Sprow
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - J Stewart
- University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403 USA
| | - E Tang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Z Tang
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - X Tong
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D J Turkoglu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - R Whitehead
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - W S Wilburn
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Naumann G, Schröder S, Köhler A, Grosch A. Positive effects of vaginal bilateral hysteropexy with Splentis-tape on prolapse symptoms and quality of life in women with severe pelvic organ prolapse. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Naumann
- Helios-Klinikum Erfurt, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Erfurt, Deutschland
| | - S Schröder
- Helios-Klinikum Erfurt, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Erfurt, Deutschland
| | - A Köhler
- Helios-Klinikum Erfurt, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Erfurt, Deutschland
| | - A Grosch
- Helios-Klinikum Erfurt, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Erfurt, Deutschland
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Hartog CS, Hoffmann F, Mikolajetz A, Schröder S, Michalsen A, Dey K, Riessen R, Jaschinski U, Weiss M, Ragaller M, Bercker S, Briegel J, Spies C, Schwarzkopf D. [Non-beneficial therapy and emotional exhaustion in end-of-life care : Results of a survey among intensive care unit personnel]. Anaesthesist 2018; 67:850-858. [PMID: 30209513 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-018-0485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND End-of-life care (EOLC) in the intensive care unit (ICU) is becoming increasingly more common but ethical standards are compromised by growing economic pressure. It was previously found that perception of non-beneficial treatment (NBT) was independently associated with the core burnout dimension of emotional exhaustion. It is unknown whether factors of the work environment also play a role in the context of EOLC. OBJECTIVE Is the working environment associated with perception of NBT or clinician burnout? MATERIAL AND METHODS Physicians and nursing personnel from 11 German ICUs who took part in an international, longitudinal prospective observational study on EOLC in 2015-2016 were surveyed using validated instruments. Risk factors were obtained by multivariate multilevel analysis. RESULTS The participation rate was 49.8% of personnel working in the ICU at the time of the survey. Overall, 325 nursing personnel, 91 residents and 26 consulting physicians participated. Nurses perceived NBT more frequently than physicians. Predictors for the perception of NBT were profession, collaboration in the EOLC context, excessively high workload (each p ≤ 0.001) and the numbers of weekend working days per month (p = 0.012). Protective factors against burnout included intensive care specialization (p = 0.001) and emotional support within the team (p ≤ 0.001), while emotional exhaustion through contact with relatives at the end of life and a high workload were both increased (each p ≤ 0.001). DISCUSSION Using the example of EOLC, deficits in the work environment and stress factors were uncovered. Factors of the work environment are associated with perceived NBT. To reduce NBT and burnout, the quality of the work environment should be improved and intensive care specialization and emotional support within the team enhanced. Interprofessional decision-making among the ICU team and interprofessional collaboration should be improved by regular joint rounds and interprofessional case discussions. Mitigating stressful factors such as communication with relatives and high workload require allocation of respective resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane S Hartog
- Klinik für Anästhesie m.S. operative Intensivmedizin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
- Klinik Bavaria Kreischa, Kreischa, Deutschland.
| | - F Hoffmann
- Klinik für Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinik Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - A Mikolajetz
- Klinik für Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinik Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - S Schröder
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, operative Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Krankenhaus Düren, Düren, Deutschland
| | - A Michalsen
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Medizin Campus Bodensee - Klinik Tettnang, Tettnang, Deutschland
| | - K Dey
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - R Riessen
- Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - U Jaschinski
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Deutschland
| | - M Weiss
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - M Ragaller
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - S Bercker
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - J Briegel
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, München, Deutschland
| | - C Spies
- Klinik für Anästhesie m.S. operative Intensivmedizin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - D Schwarzkopf
- Klinik für Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinik Jena, Jena, Deutschland
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Lewandowski B, Nielsen C, Fertig M, Schippers C, Serdarevic S, Kuhl I, Schröder S, Ulbricht M, Krekel G. Anwendung fortgeschrittener optischer Methoden zur Charakterisierung komplexer Mehrphasenströmungen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201855401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Lewandowski
- Hochschule Niederrhein; Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Chemie; Adlerstraße 32 47798 Krefeld Deutschland
- Universität Duisburg-Essen; Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II; Universitätsstraße 7 45141 Essen Deutschland
| | - C. Nielsen
- Hochschule Niederrhein; Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Chemie; Adlerstraße 32 47798 Krefeld Deutschland
| | - M. Fertig
- Hochschule Niederrhein; Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Chemie; Adlerstraße 32 47798 Krefeld Deutschland
| | - C. Schippers
- Hochschule Niederrhein; Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Chemie; Adlerstraße 32 47798 Krefeld Deutschland
| | - S. Serdarevic
- Hochschule Niederrhein; Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Chemie; Adlerstraße 32 47798 Krefeld Deutschland
| | - I. Kuhl
- Hochschule Niederrhein; Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Chemie; Adlerstraße 32 47798 Krefeld Deutschland
| | - S. Schröder
- Hochschule Niederrhein; Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Chemie; Adlerstraße 32 47798 Krefeld Deutschland
| | - M. Ulbricht
- Universität Duisburg-Essen; Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II; Universitätsstraße 7 45141 Essen Deutschland
| | - G. Krekel
- Hochschule Niederrhein; Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Chemie; Adlerstraße 32 47798 Krefeld Deutschland
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Ryan DP, Henzel KS, Pearson BL, Siwek ME, Papazoglou A, Guo L, Paesler K, Yu M, Müller R, Xie K, Schröder S, Becker L, Garrett L, Hölter SM, Neff F, Rácz I, Rathkolb B, Rozman J, Ehninger G, Klingenspor M, Klopstock T, Wolf E, Wurst W, Zimmer A, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Hrabě de Angelis M, Sidiropoulou K, Weiergräber M, Zhou Y, Ehninger D. A paternal methyl donor-rich diet altered cognitive and neural functions in offspring mice. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1345-1355. [PMID: 28373690 PMCID: PMC5984088 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intake of methyl donors, such as folic acid and methionine, shows considerable intra-individual variation in human populations. While it is recognized that maternal departures from the optimum of dietary methyl donor intake can increase the risk for mental health issues and neurological disorders in offspring, it has not been explored whether paternal dietary methyl donor intake influences behavioral and cognitive functions in the next generation. Here, we report that elevated paternal dietary methyl donor intake in a mouse model, transiently applied prior to mating, resulted in offspring animals (methyl donor-rich diet (MD) F1 mice) with deficits in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory, impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity and reduced hippocampal theta oscillations. Gene expression analyses revealed altered expression of the methionine adenosyltransferase Mat2a and BK channel subunit Kcnmb2, which was associated with changes in Kcnmb2 promoter methylation in MD F1 mice. Hippocampal overexpression of Kcnmb2 in MD F1 mice ameliorated altered spatial learning and memory, supporting a role of this BK channel subunit in the MD F1 behavioral phenotype. Behavioral and gene expression changes did not extend into the F2 offspring generation. Together, our data indicate that paternal dietary factors influence cognitive and neural functions in the offspring generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Ryan
- Molecular and Cellular Cognition Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - K S Henzel
- Molecular and Cellular Cognition Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - B L Pearson
- Molecular and Cellular Cognition Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - M E Siwek
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - A Papazoglou
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - L Guo
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - K Paesler
- Molecular and Cellular Cognition Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - M Yu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - R Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - K Xie
- Molecular and Cellular Cognition Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - S Schröder
- Molecular and Cellular Cognition Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - L Becker
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Friedrich-Baur-Institut, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - L Garrett
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - S M Hölter
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - F Neff
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - I Rácz
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - B Rathkolb
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany,Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Rozman
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - G Ehninger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Klingenspor
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - T Klopstock
- Friedrich-Baur-Institut, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany,German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany,DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - E Wolf
- Chair of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - W Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany,Chair of Developmental Genetics, Technische Universität München, c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Zimmer
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - V Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Member of German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany,Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - K Sidiropoulou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklio, Greece
| | - M Weiergräber
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - D Ehninger
- Molecular and Cellular Cognition Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany,Molecular and Cellular Cognition Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, Bonn 53127, Germany. E-mail:
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Wietzke M, Schröder S, Baltrusch S, Tiedge M. Eine Mutation der NADH-Dehydrogenase Untereinheit 2 der Atmungskette verbessert den hepatozellulären Energiestoffwechsel der Leber. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Wietzke
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie/Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Schröder
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie/Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Baltrusch
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie/Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - M Tiedge
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie/Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Johne C, Schröder S, Tiedge M, Baltrusch S. Einfluss von mtDNA Mutationen auf die Glucosehomöostase und die Fettakkumulation in der Leber im Alter. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Johne
- Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Schröder
- Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rostock, Germany
| | - M Tiedge
- Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Baltrusch
- Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rostock, Germany
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Abstract
The Eustachian tube protects against secretion, germs and sound pressure from the nasopharynx, it acts as a drain, and serves pressure equalization in both directions so that the ear drum and sound-conducting apparatus can vibrate optimally. The incidence of Eustachian tube dysfunction in adults is about 1%, in children almost 40%. Symptoms are often unspecific. For diagnosis, the Eustachian tube score (ETS-5) can be used in patients with a perforated ear drum, and the ETS-7 score in patients with intact ear drum. Adenoid hypertrophy is a frequent cause of obstructive tube dysfunction in children. Treatment of obstructive dysfunction includes steroid nasal sprays and regular performance of the Valsalva maneuver, as well as tube dilation with the Bielefelder balloon catheter. The patulous Eustachian tube is treated with saline nasal irrigation, estrogen-nasal ointment, and craniocervical manual therapy; causal treatments are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schröder
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals‑, Nasen‑, Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie "Otto Körner", Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Deutschland
| | - J Ebmeyer
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Klinikum Bremerhaven Reinkenheide, Postbrookstr. 103, 27574, Bremerhaven, Deutschland.
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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Al Samarai I, Albuquerque I, Allekotte I, Almela A, Alvarez Castillo J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Anastasi G, Anchordoqui L, Andrada B, Andringa S, Aramo C, Arqueros F, Arsene N, Asorey H, Assis P, Aublin J, Avila G, Badescu A, Balaceanu A, Barbato F, Barreira Luz R, Beatty J, Becker K, Bellido J, Berat C, Bertaina M, Bertou X, Biermann P, Biteau J, Blaess S, Blanco A, Blazek J, Bleve C, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Borodai N, Botti A, Brack J, Brancus I, Bretz T, Bridgeman A, Briechle F, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora K, Caccianiga L, Cancio A, Canfora F, Caramete L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalani F, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Chavez A, Chinellato J, Chudoba J, Clay R, Cobos A, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Collica L, Coluccia M, Conceição R, Consolati G, Contreras F, Cooper M, Coutu S, Covault C, Cronin J, D’Amico S, Daniel B, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson B, de Almeida R, de Jong S, De Mauro G, de Mello Neto J, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Souza V, Debatin J, Deligny O, Díaz Castro M, Diogo F, Dobrigkeit C, D’Olivo J, Dorosti Q, dos Anjos R, Dova M, Dundovic A, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Erfani M, Escobar C, Espadanal J, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Farmer J, Farrar G, Fauth A, Fazzini N, Fenu F, Fick B, Figueira J, Filipčič A, Fratu O, Freire M, Fujii T, Fuster A, Gaior R, García B, Garcia-Pinto D, Gaté F, Gemmeke H, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia P, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Głas D, Glaser C, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale P, González N, Gorgi A, Gorham P, Grillo A, Grubb T, Guarino F, Guedes G, Halliday R, Hampel M, Hansen P, Harari D, Harrison T, Harton J, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Heimann P, Herve A, Hill G, Hojvat C, Holt E, Homola P, Hörandel J, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hulsman J, Insolia A, Isar P, Jandt I, Johnsen J, Josebachuili M, Jurysek J, Kääpä A, Kambeitz O, Kampert K, Keilhauer B, Kemmerich N, Kemp E, Kemp J, Kieckhafer R, Klages H, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Krause R, Krohm N, Kuempel D, Kukec Mezek G, Kunka N, Kuotb Awad A, Lago B, LaHurd D, Lang R, Lauscher M, Legumina R, Leigui de Oliveira M, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Link K, Lo Presti D, Lopes L, López R, López Casado A, Lorek R, Luce Q, Lucero A, Malacari M, Mallamaci M, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi A, Mariş I, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Masías Meza J, Mathes H, Mathys S, Matthews J, Matthews J, Matthiae G, Mayotte E, Mazur P, Medina C, Medina-Tanco G, Melo D, Menshikov A, Merenda KD, Michal S, Micheletti M, Middendorf L, Miramonti L, Mitrica B, Mockler D, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Müller A, Müller G, Muller M, Müller S, Mussa R, Naranjo I, Nellen L, Nguyen P, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Niemietz L, Niggemann T, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Núñez L, Ochilo L, Oikonomou F, Olinto A, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Paul T, Pech M, Pedreira F, Pękala J, Pelayo R, Peña-Rodriguez J, Pereira L, Perlin M, Perrone L, Peters C, Petrera S, Phuntsok J, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Plum M, Porowski C, Prado R, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel E, Querchfeld S, Quinn S, Ramos-Pollan R, Rautenberg J, Ravignani D, Ridky J, Riehn F, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Fernandez G, Rodriguez Rojo J, Rogozin D, Roncoroni M, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero A, Ruehl P, Saffi S, Saftoiu A, Salamida F, Salazar H, Saleh A, Salesa Greus F, Salina G, Sánchez F, Sanchez-Lucas P, Santos E, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Schauer M, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schimp M, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schovánek P, Schröder F, Schröder S, Schulz A, Schumacher J, Sciutto S, Segreto A, Shadkam A, Shellard R, Sigl G, Silli G, Sima O, Śmiałkowski A, Šmída R, Smith B, Snow G, Sommers P, Sonntag S, Squartini R, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stasielak J, Stassi P, Stolpovskiy M, Strafella F, Streich A, Suarez F, Suarez Durán M, Sudholz T, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky A, Šupík J, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Taboada A, Taborda O, Theodoro V, Timmermans C, Todero Peixoto C, Tomankova L, Tomé B, Torralba Elipe G, Travnicek P, Trini M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valdés Galicia J, Valiño I, Valore L, van Aar G, van Bodegom P, van den Berg A, van Vliet A, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Varner G, Vázquez R, Veberič D, Ventura C, Vergara Quispe I, Verzi V, Vicha J, Villaseñor L, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Wainberg O, Walz D, Watson A, Weber M, Weindl A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Wileman C, Wirtz M, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Yang L, Yushkov A, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zepeda A, Zimmermann B, Ziolkowski M, Zong Z, Zuccarello F. Inferences on mass composition and tests of hadronic interactions from 0.3 to 100 EeV using the water-Cherenkov detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.96.122003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ehlmann BL, Edgett KS, Sutter B, Achilles CN, Litvak ML, Lapotre MGA, Sullivan R, Fraeman AA, Arvidson RE, Blake DF, Bridges NT, Conrad PG, Cousin A, Downs RT, Gabriel TSJ, Gellert R, Hamilton VE, Hardgrove C, Johnson JR, Kuhn S, Mahaffy PR, Maurice S, McHenry M, Meslin PY, Ming DW, Minitti ME, Morookian JM, Morris RV, O'Connell-Cooper CD, Pinet PC, Rowland SK, Schröder S, Siebach KL, Stein NT, Thompson LM, Vaniman DT, Vasavada AR, Wellington DF, Wiens RC, Yen AS. Chemistry, mineralogy, and grain properties at Namib and High dunes, Bagnold dune field, Gale crater, Mars: A synthesis of Curiosity rover observations. J Geophys Res Planets 2017; 122:2510-2543. [PMID: 29497589 DOI: 10.1002/2016je005225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover performed coordinated measurements to examine the textures and compositions of aeolian sands in the active Bagnold dune field. The Bagnold sands are rounded to subrounded, very fine to medium sized (~45-500 μm) with ≥6 distinct grain colors. In contrast to sands examined by Curiosity in a dust-covered, inactive bedform called Rocknest and soils at other landing sites, Bagnold sands are darker, less red, better sorted, have fewer silt-sized or smaller grains, and show no evidence for cohesion. Nevertheless, Bagnold mineralogy and Rocknest mineralogy are similar with plagioclase, olivine, and pyroxenes in similar proportions comprising >90% of crystalline phases, along with a substantial amorphous component (35% ± 15%). Yet Bagnold and Rocknest bulk chemistry differ. Bagnold sands are Si enriched relative to other soils at Gale crater, and H2O, S, and Cl are lower relative to all previously measured Martian soils and most Gale crater rocks. Mg, Ni, Fe, and Mn are enriched in the coarse-sieved fraction of Bagnold sands, corroborated by visible/near-infrared spectra that suggest enrichment of olivine. Collectively, patterns in major element chemistry and volatile release data indicate two distinctive volatile reservoirs in Martian soils: (1) amorphous components in the sand-sized fraction (represented by Bagnold) that are Si-enriched, hydroxylated alteration products and/or H2O- or OH-bearing impact or volcanic glasses and (2) amorphous components in the fine fraction (<40 μm; represented by Rocknest and other bright soils) that are Fe, S, and Cl enriched with low Si and adsorbed and structural H2O.
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Ehlmann BL, Edgett KS, Sutter B, Achilles CN, Litvak ML, Lapotre MGA, Sullivan R, Fraeman AA, Arvidson RE, Blake DF, Bridges NT, Conrad PG, Cousin A, Downs RT, Gabriel TSJ, Gellert R, Hamilton VE, Hardgrove C, Johnson JR, Kuhn S, Mahaffy PR, Maurice S, McHenry M, Meslin P, Ming DW, Minitti ME, Morookian JM, Morris RV, O'Connell‐Cooper CD, Pinet PC, Rowland SK, Schröder S, Siebach KL, Stein NT, Thompson LM, Vaniman DT, Vasavada AR, Wellington DF, Wiens RC, Yen AS. Chemistry, mineralogy, and grain properties at Namib and High dunes, Bagnold dune field, Gale crater, Mars: A synthesis of Curiosity rover observations. J Geophys Res Planets 2017; 122:2510-2543. [PMID: 29497589 PMCID: PMC5815393 DOI: 10.1002/2017je005267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover performed coordinated measurements to examine the textures and compositions of aeolian sands in the active Bagnold dune field. The Bagnold sands are rounded to subrounded, very fine to medium sized (~45-500 μm) with ≥6 distinct grain colors. In contrast to sands examined by Curiosity in a dust-covered, inactive bedform called Rocknest and soils at other landing sites, Bagnold sands are darker, less red, better sorted, have fewer silt-sized or smaller grains, and show no evidence for cohesion. Nevertheless, Bagnold mineralogy and Rocknest mineralogy are similar with plagioclase, olivine, and pyroxenes in similar proportions comprising >90% of crystalline phases, along with a substantial amorphous component (35% ± 15%). Yet Bagnold and Rocknest bulk chemistry differ. Bagnold sands are Si enriched relative to other soils at Gale crater, and H2O, S, and Cl are lower relative to all previously measured Martian soils and most Gale crater rocks. Mg, Ni, Fe, and Mn are enriched in the coarse-sieved fraction of Bagnold sands, corroborated by visible/near-infrared spectra that suggest enrichment of olivine. Collectively, patterns in major element chemistry and volatile release data indicate two distinctive volatile reservoirs in Martian soils: (1) amorphous components in the sand-sized fraction (represented by Bagnold) that are Si-enriched, hydroxylated alteration products and/or H2O- or OH-bearing impact or volcanic glasses and (2) amorphous components in the fine fraction (<40 μm; represented by Rocknest and other bright soils) that are Fe, S, and Cl enriched with low Si and adsorbed and structural H2O.
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Eppig T, Rubly K, Schröder S, Rawer A, Langenbucher A. Visualization of the light field of multifocal intraocular lenses using a dual wavelength approach. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.03584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Eppig
- Experimental Ophthalmology; Saarland University; Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - K. Rubly
- Experimental Ophthalmology; Saarland University; Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - S. Schröder
- Experimental Ophthalmology; Saarland University; Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - A. Rawer
- Faculty of Mathematics/Computer Science and Mechanical Engineering; Clausthal University of Technology; Clausthal Germany
| | - A. Langenbucher
- Experimental Ophthalmology; Saarland University; Homburg/Saar Germany
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Schröder S, Tiedge M, Baltrusch S. Die synergistische Wirkung zweier mtDNA Punktmutationen in Komplexen der Atmungskette bewirkt einen verminderten Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel im Alter. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Schröder
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rostock, Germany
| | - M Tiedge
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Baltrusch
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rostock, Germany
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Johne C, Niemann J, Schröder S, Tiedge M, Baltrusch S. Einfluss einer mtDNA Mutation im Komplex IV der Atmungskette auf die Beta-Zellfunktion im Alter. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Johne
- Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Institut für Med. Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rostock, Germany
| | - J Niemann
- Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Institut für Med. Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Schröder
- Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Institut für Med. Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rostock, Germany
| | - M Tiedge
- Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Institut für Med. Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Baltrusch
- Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Institut für Med. Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rostock, Germany
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Tiedge M, Wietzke M, Schröder S, Baltrusch S. Effekt der ND2-Genmutation in Komplex I der Atmungskette: Induktion des Energiemetabolismus und geringere Adaptation der Betazellmasse im Verlauf des Alterungsprozesses. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Tiedge
- Med. Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rostock, Germany
| | - M Wietzke
- Med. Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Schröder
- Med. Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Baltrusch
- Med. Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rostock, Germany
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Franke C, Stenzel O, Wilbrandt S, Schröder S, Coriand L, Felde N, Tünnermann A. Porosity and optical properties of zirconia films prepared by plasma ion assisted deposition. Appl Opt 2017; 56:3913-3922. [PMID: 28463286 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.003913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The porosity of zirconia films prepared by plasma ion assisted deposition has been investigated by means of optical (spectrophotometric) and nonoptical analytic techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, x-ray reflection, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. A discrimination between large (open) and small (closed) pores was achieved by means of measurement of the thermal and vacuum-to-air shift. Depending on the level of plasma assistance during film preparation, the porosity was found to vary between 30 vol. % and nearly 0 vol. %. With decreasing porosity, the surface roughness determined by atomic force microscopy tends to decrease as well.
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Schröder S, Lehmann M, Korbmacher D, Sauzet O, Sudhoff H, Ebmeyer J. Evaluation of tubomanometry as a routine diagnostic tool for chronic obstructive Eustachian tube dysfunction. Clin Otolaryngol 2016; 40:691-7. [PMID: 25925071 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to demonstrate the reliability of tubomanometry (TMM) described by Estéve in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction. STUDY DESIGN Combined prospective and retrospective clinical study. SETTING Tertiary referral centre, affiliated to university. METHODS Two hundred and fifteen healthy subjects were examined once, 25 healthy subjects underwent TMM weekly for 6 weeks, and six healthy subjects were tested three times a day on at least three different days. The results of tubomanometry in healthy subjects were compared to data obtained from 171 patients with chronic obstructive ET dysfunction. RESULTS In healthy subjects, there was an immediate opening of the ET at 30-50 mbar with an R-value ≤ 1 in at least 94% of the cases. In patients with chronic ET dysfunction, an opening of the ET could be registered in only 42% of patients at 30 mbar and in 58% at 50 mbar. The average of the R-value in these subjects always indicated towards a delayed opening (R > 1). When measurements are repeated in the same subject with a weekly interval, the intraclass correlation (ICC) was 0.49 for the TMM with 30 mbar, 0.51 for the TMM with 40 mbar and 0.52 for the TMM with 50 mbar in healthy people. For the patients with symptoms of ET dysfunction, the ICC for up to four repeated measures was 0.50 for the TMM with 30 mbar, 0.53 for the TMM with 40 mbar and 0.54 for the TMM with 50 mbar. A complete agreement of the results in repeated measurements within seconds was present in 86% for 30 and 40 mbar and in 79% for 50 mbar. The ICC was 0.61 for the TMM with 50 mbar, 0.62 for the TMM with 40 mbar and 0.68 for the TMM with 30 mbar. CONCLUSIONS Tubomanometry can support the diagnosis of ET dysfunction. An R-value ≤ 1 indicates a regular function of the ET, an R-value >1 indicates a delayed opening of the ET, and no definable R-value means no detectable opening of the ET. TMM is a reliable and valid instrument to support the diagnosis of chronic obstructive ET dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schröder
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld, Academic Teaching Hospital University of Münster, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - M Lehmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld, Academic Teaching Hospital University of Münster, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - D Korbmacher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld, Academic Teaching Hospital University of Münster, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - O Sauzet
- Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - H Sudhoff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld, Academic Teaching Hospital University of Münster, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - J Ebmeyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld, Academic Teaching Hospital University of Münster, Bielefeld, Germany
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Schröder S, Abdel-Aziz T, Lehmann M, Ebmeyer J, Sudhoff H. [Bacteriologic investigation of the Eustachian tube and the implications of perioperative antibiotics before balloon dilation]. HNO 2016; 63:629-33. [PMID: 26303520 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-015-0048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balloon Eustachian Tuboplasty (BET) is a new minimally invasive treatment for chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD). Initially, perioperative prophylactic antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin 2 × 500 mg p.o. for 5 days was administered. This study aimed to characterize the bacterial flora in the ET, nose, and pharynx in patients with chronic obstructive ETD. Additionally, we investigated the necessity of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in BET patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined 40 patients undergoing BET: 20 patients with and 20 patients without perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. All patients were followed-up for clinical signs and symptoms of local infection for at least 2 weeks after surgery. Following BET, the tips of 35 balloon catheters, as well as swabs from the nose and pharynx were sent for microbiologic analysis. RESULTS None of these 40 patients had postoperative signs of infection. Of the swabs of the balloon catheters, 46% were sterile and 23% showed standard flora. The remaining 31% of swaps revealed specific bacteria. However, none of the nasal or nasopharyngeal swaps were sterile. CONCLUSION Due to the lack of signs of postoperative infection in either investigated group, the authors no longer favor use of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing BET. The relevance of biofilms and pathogen colonization to ET function has recently been intensively discussed, and should be further investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schröder
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Klinikum Bielefeld, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Münster, Teutoburger Straße 50, 33604, Bielefeld, Deutschland,
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Schröder S, Grosch A, Naumann G. Operative Therapie des Genitalprolapses durch vaginale Hysterofixatio sacropinalis – effizientes und minimal-invasives Verfahren für die Frau in der 2. Lebenshälfte. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1583555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Schröder S, Tiedge M, Baltrusch S. Die synergistische Wirkung zweier mt-DNA Punktmutationen in Komplexen der Atmungskette bewirkt eine verminderte mitochondriale Teilung und begünstigt eine Funktionseinschränkung der Leber. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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