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Che D, Lv L, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Yu Q, Li F, Zhou J. Lipid profile in the aqueous humor of patients with myopia. Exp Eye Res 2024; 247:110023. [PMID: 39127234 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.110023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
We examined the lipid profiles in the aqueous humor (AH) of myopic patients to identify differences and investigate the relationships among dissertating lipids. Additionally, we assessed spherical equivalents and axial lengths to explore the pathogenesis of myopia. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was employed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the lipid composition of samples from myopic patients with axial lengths <26 mm (Group A) and >28 mm (Group B). Differences in lipid profiles between the two groups were determined using univariate and multivariate analyses. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify discriminating lipids. Spearman correlation analysis explored the associations between lipid concentrations and biometric parameters. Three hundred and nine lipids across 21 lipid classes have been identified in this study. Five lipids showed significant differences between Group B and Group A (VIP >1, P < 0.05): BMP (20:3/22:3), PG (22:1/24:0), PS (14:1/22:4), TG (44:2)_FA18:2, and TG (55:3)_FA18:1. The area under the curve (AUC) for these lipids was >0.75. Notably, the concentrations of BMP (20:3/22:3), PS (14:1/22:4), and TG (55:3)_FA18:1 were correlated with spherical equivalents, while BMP (20:3/22:3) and PS (14:1/22:4) correlated with axial lengths. Our study identified five differential lipids in myopic patients, with three showing significant correlations with the degree of myopia. These findings enhance our understanding of myopia pathogenesis through lipidomic alterations, emphasizing changes in cell membrane composition and function, energy metabolism and storage, and pathways involving inflammation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), and metabolic processes related to phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, triglycerides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfeng Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jibo Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Iwakuma Y, Kuroda Y. Construction of Discrimination Models of Cationic Drugs for Phospholipidosis Induction Potential by Using Interaction Data with Immobilized Artificial Membrane as Well as Physicochemical Properties. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:2625-2632. [PMID: 38734209 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of the phospholipidosis-induction risk of drugs at early stages is important in drug development. So far, discrimination models for predicting the induction risk of cationic drugs have been proposed, but it is still challenging to accurately predict the risk of cationic drugs with intermediate hydrophobicity (logP). In this study, we introduced a parameter (Δlogk40) reflecting not only hydrophobic interaction but also interactions with the polar headgroup between cationic drugs and phospholipids, obtained with liquid chromatography using an immobilized artificial membrane column. The parameter was used along with other physicochemical properties as features to construct discrimination models. Linear discriminant analysis, the modified Mahalanobis discriminant analysis, support vector machine, and random forest were employed for model construction. The results showed that all discrimination models exhibited good predictive performance, with the modified Mahalanobis discriminant analysis and random forest providing the best results for cationic drugs, suggesting that the usefulness of the parameter reflecting complex interactions between cationic drugs and immobilized artificial membrane for constructing discrimination models to predict the induction risk. Furthermore, by applying the parameter as a feature in constructing discrimination models, we demonstrated an improvement in the predictive performance for drugs with intermediate hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Iwakuma
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa women's University, 11-68, Koshien-Kyubancho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kuroda
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa women's University, 11-68, Koshien-Kyubancho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan.
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3
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Abe A, Hinkovska-Galcheva V, Bouchev P, Bouley R, Shayman JA. The role of lysosomal phospholipase A2 in the catabolism of bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate and association with phospholipidosis. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100574. [PMID: 38857781 PMCID: PMC11277439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate (BMP) is an acidic glycerophospholipid localized to late endosomes and lysosomes. However, the metabolism of BMP is poorly understood. Because many drugs that cause phospholipidosis inhibit lysosomal phospholipase A2 (LPLA2, PLA2G15, LYPLA3) activity, we investigated whether this enzyme has a role in BMPcatabolism. The incubation of recombinant human LPLA2 (hLPLA2) and liposomes containing the naturally occurring BMP (sn-(2-oleoyl-3-hydroxy)-glycerol-1-phospho-sn-1'-(2'-oleoyl-3'-hydroxy)-glycerol (S,S-(2,2',C18:1)-BMP) resulted in the deacylation of this BMP isomer. The deacylation rate was 70 times lower than that of dioleoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), an isomer and precursor of BMP. The release rates of oleic acid from DOPG and four BMP stereoisomers by LPLA2 differed. The rank order of the rates of hydrolysis were DOPG>S,S-(3,3',C18:1)-BMP>R,S-(3,1',C18:1)-BMP>R,R-(1,1',C18:1)>S,S-(2,2')-BMP. The cationic amphiphilic drug amiodarone (AMD) inhibited the deacylation of DOPG and BMP isomers by hLPLA2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Under these experimental conditions, the IC50s of amiodarone-induced inhibition of the four BMP isomers and DOPG were less than 20 μM and approximately 30 μM, respectively. BMP accumulation was observed in AMD-treated RAW 264.7 cells. The accumulated BMP was significantly reduced by exogenous treatment of cells with active recombinant hLPLA2 but not with diisopropylfluorophosphate-inactivated recombinant hLPLA2. Finally, a series of cationic amphiphilic drugs known to cause phospholipidosis were screened for inhibition of LPLA2 activity as measured by either the transacylation or fatty acid hydrolysis of BMP or phosphatidylcholine as substrates. Fifteen compounds demonstrated significant inhibition with IC50s ranging from 6.8 to 63.3 μM. These results indicate that LPLA2 degrades BMP isomers with different substrate specificities under acidic conditions and may be the key enzyme associated with BMP accumulation in drug-induced phospholipidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Abe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Philip Bouchev
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Renee Bouley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University at Marion, Marion, OH, USA
| | - James A Shayman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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4
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LRRK2 and GBA1 variant carriers have higher urinary bis(monacylglycerol) phosphate concentrations in PPMI cohorts. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:30. [PMID: 36854767 PMCID: PMC9974978 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We quantified concentrations of three isoforms of the endolysosomal lipid, bis(monoacylglycerol) phosphate (BMP) in the urine of deeply phenotyped cohorts in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative: LRRK2 G2019S PD (N = 134) and non-manifesting carriers (NMC) (G2019S+ NMC; N = 182), LRRK2 R1441G PD (N = 15) and R1441G+ NMC (N = 15), GBA1 N409S PD (N = 76) and N409S+ NMC (N = 178), sporadic PD (sPD, N = 379) and healthy controls (HC) (N = 190). The effects of each mutation and disease status were analyzed using nonparametric methods. Longitudinal changes in BMP levels were analyzed using linear mixed models. At baseline, all LRRK2 carriers had 3-7× higher BMP levels compared to HC, irrespective of the disease status. GBA1 N409S carriers also showed significant, albeit smaller, elevation (~30-40%) in BMP levels compared to HC. In LRRK2 G2019S PD, urinary BMP levels remained stable over two years. Furthermore, baseline BMP levels did not predict disease progression as measured by striatal DaT imaging, MDS-UPDRS III Off, or MoCA in any of the cohorts. These data support the utility of BMP as a target modulation biomarker in therapeutic trials of genetic and sPD but not as a prognostic or disease progression biomarker.
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Nakamura J, Yamamoto T, Takabatake Y, Namba-Hamano T, Minami S, Takahashi A, Matsuda J, Sakai S, Yonishi H, Maeda S, Matsui S, Matsui I, Hamano T, Takahashi M, Goto M, Izumi Y, Bamba T, Sasai M, Yamamoto M, Matsusaka T, Niimura F, Yanagita M, Nakamura S, Yoshimori T, Ballabio A, Isaka Y. TFEB-mediated lysosomal exocytosis alleviates high-fat diet-induced lipotoxicity in the kidney. JCI Insight 2023; 8:162498. [PMID: 36649084 PMCID: PMC9977505 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for end-stage kidney disease. We previously found that lysosomal dysfunction and impaired autophagic flux contribute to lipotoxicity in obesity-related kidney disease, in both humans and experimental animal models. However, the regulatory factors involved in countering renal lipotoxicity are largely unknown. Here, we found that palmitic acid strongly promoted dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) by inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 pathway in a Rag GTPase-dependent manner, though these effects gradually diminished after extended treatment. We then investigated the role of TFEB in the pathogenesis of obesity-related kidney disease. Proximal tubular epithelial cell-specific (PTEC-specific) Tfeb-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) exhibited greater phospholipid accumulation in enlarged lysosomes, which manifested as multilamellar bodies (MLBs). Activated TFEB mediated lysosomal exocytosis of phospholipids, which helped reduce MLB accumulation in PTECs. Furthermore, HFD-fed, PTEC-specific Tfeb-deficient mice showed autophagic stagnation and exacerbated injury upon renal ischemia/reperfusion. Finally, higher body mass index was associated with increased vacuolation and decreased nuclear TFEB in the proximal tubules of patients with chronic kidney disease. These results indicate a critical role of TFEB-mediated lysosomal exocytosis in counteracting renal lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nakamura
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Takabatake
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Namba-Hamano
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minami
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Matsuda
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sakai
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yonishi
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shihomi Maeda
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sho Matsui
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Isao Matsui
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hamano
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Maiko Goto
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miwa Sasai
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, and.,Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, and.,Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medical Science, and
| | - Fumio Niimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakamura
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences.,Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, and
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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6
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Designer phospholipids – structural retrieval, chemo-/bio- synthesis and isotopic labeling. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Czolkoss S, Borgert P, Poppenga T, Hölzl G, Aktas M, Narberhaus F. Synthesis of the unusual lipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate in environmental bacteria. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:6993-7008. [PMID: 34528360 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial membrane is constantly remodelled in response to environmental conditions and the external supply of precursor molecules. Some bacteria are able to acquire exogenous lyso-phospholipids and convert them to the corresponding phospholipids. Here, we report that some soil-dwelling bacteria have alternative options to metabolize lyso-phosphatidylglycerol (L-PG). We find that the plant-pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens takes up this mono-acylated phospholipid and converts it to two distinct isoforms of the non-canonical lipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP). Chromatographic separation and quadrupole-time-of-flight MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of two possible BMP stereo configurations acylated at either of the free hydroxyl groups of the glycerol head group. BMP accumulated in the inner membrane and did not visibly alter cell morphology and growth behaviour. The plant-associated bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti was also able to convert externally provided L-PG to BMP. Other bacteria like Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli metabolized L-PG after cell disruption, suggesting that BMP production in the natural habitat relies both on dedicated uptake systems and on head-group acylation enzymes. Overall, our study adds two previously overlooked phospholipids to the repertoire of bacterial membrane lipids and provides evidence for the remarkable condition-responsive adaptation of bacterial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Czolkoss
- Microbial Biology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Pia Borgert
- Microbial Biology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Tessa Poppenga
- Microbial Biology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Hölzl
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Meriyem Aktas
- Microbial Biology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Franz Narberhaus
- Microbial Biology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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8
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Bastien J, Menon S, Messa M, Nyfeler B. Molecular targets and approaches to restore autophagy and lysosomal capacity in neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 82:101018. [PMID: 34489092 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process that promotes cellular fitness by clearing aggregated protein species, pathogens and damaged organelles through lysosomal degradation. The autophagic process is particularly important in the nervous system where post-mitotic neurons rely heavily on protein and organelle quality control in order to maintain cellular health throughout the lifetime of the organism. Alterations of autophagy and lysosomal function are hallmarks of various neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we conceptualize some of the mechanistic and genetic evidence pointing towards autophagy and lysosomal dysfunction as a causal driver of neurodegeneration. Furthermore, we discuss rate-limiting pathway nodes and potential approaches to restore pathway activity, from autophagy initiation, cargo sequestration to lysosomal capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bastien
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Suchithra Menon
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mirko Messa
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Beat Nyfeler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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9
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Baptista MAS, Merchant K, Barrett T, Bhargava S, Bryce DK, Ellis JM, Estrada AA, Fell MJ, Fiske BK, Fuji RN, Galatsis P, Henry AG, Hill S, Hirst W, Houle C, Kennedy ME, Liu X, Maddess ML, Markgraf C, Mei H, Meier WA, Needle E, Ploch S, Royer C, Rudolph K, Sharma AK, Stepan A, Steyn S, Trost C, Yin Z, Yu H, Wang X, Sherer TB. LRRK2 inhibitors induce reversible changes in nonhuman primate lungs without measurable pulmonary deficits. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/540/eaav0820. [PMID: 32321864 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The kinase-activating mutation G2019S in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is one of the most common genetic causes of Parkinson's disease (PD) and has spurred development of LRRK2 inhibitors. Preclinical studies have raised concerns about the safety of LRRK2 inhibitors due to histopathological changes in the lungs of nonhuman primates treated with two of these compounds. Here, we investigated whether these lung effects represented on-target pharmacology and whether they were reversible after drug withdrawal in macaques. We also examined whether treatment was associated with pulmonary function deficits. We conducted a 2-week repeat-dose toxicology study in macaques comparing three different LRRK2 inhibitors: GNE-7915 (30 mg/kg, twice daily as a positive control), MLi-2 (15 and 50 mg/kg, once daily), and PFE-360 (3 and 6 mg/kg, once daily). Subsets of animals dosed with GNE-7915 or MLi-2 were evaluated 2 weeks after drug withdrawal for lung function. All compounds induced mild cytoplasmic vacuolation of type II lung pneumocytes without signs of lung degeneration, implicating on-target pharmacology. At low doses of PFE-360 or MLi-2, there was ~50 or 100% LRRK2 inhibition in brain tissue, respectively, but histopathological lung changes were either absent or minimal. The lung effect was reversible after dosing ceased. Lung function tests demonstrated that the histological changes in lung tissue induced by MLi-2 and GNE-7915 did not result in pulmonary deficits. Our results suggest that the observed lung effects in nonhuman primates in response to LRRK2 inhibitors should not preclude clinical testing of these compounds for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A S Baptista
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, Grand Central Station, P.O. Box 4777, New York, NY 10001, USA.
| | - Kalpana Merchant
- Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ted Barrett
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
| | - Sakshi Bhargava
- Pfizer Inc., Neuroscience Research Unit, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dianne K Bryce
- Merck Research Laboratories, Early Discovery Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J Michael Ellis
- Merck Research Laboratories, Early Discovery Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Fell
- Merck Research Laboratories, Early Discovery Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian K Fiske
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, Grand Central Station, P.O. Box 4777, New York, NY 10001, USA
| | - Reina N Fuji
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Paul Galatsis
- Pfizer Inc., Neuroscience Research Unit, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Sue Hill
- Merck Research Laboratories, Early Discovery Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Warren Hirst
- Pfizer Inc., Neuroscience Research Unit, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Matthew E Kennedy
- Merck Research Laboratories, Early Discovery Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xingrong Liu
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Matthew L Maddess
- Merck Research Laboratories, Early Discovery Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carrie Markgraf
- Merck Research Laboratories, Early Discovery Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hong Mei
- Merck Research Laboratories, Early Discovery Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Elie Needle
- Pfizer Inc., Neuroscience Research Unit, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Karin Rudolph
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
| | | | - Antonia Stepan
- Pfizer Inc., Neuroscience Research Unit, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stefan Steyn
- Pfizer Inc., Neuroscience Research Unit, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Craig Trost
- Covance Laboratories, Inc., Madison, WI 53704, USA
| | - Zhizhang Yin
- Merck Research Laboratories, Early Discovery Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hongshi Yu
- Merck Research Laboratories, Early Discovery Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Denali Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Todd B Sherer
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, Grand Central Station, P.O. Box 4777, New York, NY 10001, USA
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10
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Hinkovska-Galcheva V, Treadwell T, Shillingford JM, Lee A, Abe A, Tesmer JJG, Shayman JA. Inhibition of lysosomal phospholipase A2 predicts drug-induced phospholipidosis. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100089. [PMID: 34087196 PMCID: PMC8243516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipidosis, the excessive accumulation of phospholipids within lysosomes, is a pathological response observed following exposure to many drugs across multiple therapeutic groups. A clear mechanistic understanding of the causes and implications of this form of drug toxicity has remained elusive. We previously reported the discovery and characterization of a lysosome-specific phospholipase A2 (PLA2G15) and later reported that amiodarone, a known cause of drug-induced phospholipidosis, inhibits this enzyme. Here, we assayed a library of 163 drugs for inhibition of PLA2G15 to determine whether this phospholipase was the cellular target for therapeutics other than amiodarone that cause phospholipidosis. We observed that 144 compounds inhibited PLA2G15 activity. Thirty-six compounds not previously reported to cause phospholipidosis inhibited PLA2G15 with IC50 values less than 1 mM and were confirmed to cause phospholipidosis in an in vitro assay. Within this group, fosinopril was the most potent inhibitor (IC50 0.18 μM). Additional characterization of the inhibition of PLA2G15 by fosinopril was consistent with interference of PLA2G15 binding to liposomes. PLA2G15 inhibition was more accurate in predicting phospholipidosis compared with in silico models based on pKa and ClogP, measures of protonation, and transport-independent distribution in the lysosome, respectively. In summary, PLA2G15 is a primary target for cationic amphiphilic drugs that cause phospholipidosis, and PLA2G15 inhibition by cationic amphiphilic compounds provides a potentially robust screening platform for potential toxicity during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Hinkovska-Galcheva
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Taylour Treadwell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan M Shillingford
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angela Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Akira Abe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John J G Tesmer
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - James A Shayman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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11
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Pan M, Qin C, Han X. Quantitative Analysis of Polyphosphoinositide, Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate, and Phosphatidylglycerol Species by Shotgun Lipidomics After Methylation. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2306:77-91. [PMID: 33954941 PMCID: PMC8287892 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1410-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids play important roles in biological process even at a very low level. For example, bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate (BMP) is involved in the pathogenesis of lysosomal storage diseases, and polyphosphoinositides (PPI) play critical roles in cellular signaling and functions. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG), a structural isomer of BMP, mediates lipid-protein and lipid-lipid interactions, and inhibits platelet activating factor and phosphatidylcholine transferring. However, due to their low abundance, the analysis of these phospholipids from biological samples is technically challenging. Therefore, the cellular function and metabolism of these phospholipids are still elusive. This chapter overviews a novel method of shotgun lipidomics after methylation with trimethylsilyl-diazomethane (TMS-D) for accurate and comprehensive analysis of these phospholipid species in biological samples. Firstly, a modified Bligh and Dyer procedure is performed to extract tissue lipids for PPI analysis, whereas modified methyl-tert-butylether (MTBE) extraction and modified Folch extraction methods are described to extract tissue lipids for PPI analysis. Secondly, TMS-D methylation is performed to derivatize PG/BMP and PPI, respectively. Then, we described the shotgun lipidomics strategies that can be used as cost-effective and relatively high-throughput methods to determine BMP, PG, and PPI species and isomers with different phosphate position(s) and fatty acyl chains. The described method of shotgun lipidomics after methylation achieves feasible and reliable quantitative analysis of low-abundance lipid classes. The application of this novel method should enable us to reveal the metabolism and functions of these phospholipids in healthy and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Pan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Chao Qin
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Medicine-Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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12
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Carrière F, Longhi S, Record M. The endosomal lipid bis(monoacylglycero) phosphate as a potential key player in the mechanism of action of chloroquine against SARS-COV-2 and other enveloped viruses hijacking the endocytic pathway. Biochimie 2020; 179:237-246. [PMID: 32485205 PMCID: PMC7261073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The anti-malarial drug Chloroquine (CQ) and its derivative hydroxychloroquine have shown antiviral activities in vitro against many viruses, including coronaviruses, dengue virus and the biosafety level 4 Nipah and Hendra paramyxoviruses. The in vivo efficacy of CQ in the treatment of COVID-19 is currently a matter of debate. CQ is a lysosomotrophic compound that accumulates in lysosomes, as well as in food vacuoles of Plasmodium falciparum. In the treatment of malaria, CQ impairs the digestion and growth of the parasite by increasing the pH of the food vacuole. Similarly, it is assumed that the antiviral effects of CQ results from the increase of lysosome pH and the inhibition of acidic proteases involved in the maturation of virus fusion protein. CQ has however other effects, among which phospholipidosis, characterized by the accumulation of multivesicular bodies within the cell. The increase in phospholipid species particularly concerns bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), a specific lipid of late endosomes involved in vesicular trafficking and pH-dependent vesicle budding. It was shown previously that drugs like progesterone, the cationic amphiphile U18666A and the phospholipase inhibitor methyl arachidonyl fluoro phosphonate (MAFP) induce the accumulation of BMP in THP-1 cells and decrease cell infection by human immunodeficiency virus. HIV viral particles were found to be retained into large endosomal-type vesicles, preventing virus spreading. Since BMP was also reported to favour virus entry through hijacking of the endocytic pathway, we propose here that BMP could play a dual role in viral infection, with its antiviral effects triggered by lysosomotropic drugs like CQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Carrière
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, UMR7281, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 9, France.
| | - Sonia Longhi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, AFMB, UMR7257, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Michel Record
- UMR INSERM 1037-CRCT (Cancer Research Center of Toulouse), University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations,", 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037, Toulouse cedex 1, France.
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13
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Luquain-Costaz C, Rabia M, Hullin-Matsuda F, Delton I. Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate, an important actor in the host endocytic machinery hijacked by SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses. Biochimie 2020; 179:247-256. [PMID: 33159981 PMCID: PMC7642752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Viruses, including the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, redirect infected cell metabolism to their own purposes. After binding to its receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the cell surface, the SARS-CoV-2 is taken up by receptor-mediated endocytosis ending in the acidic endolysosomal compartment. The virus hijacks the endosomal machinery leading to fusion of viral and endosomal membranes and release of the viral RNA into the cytosol. This mini-review specifically highlights the membrane lipid organization of the endosomal system focusing on the unconventional and late endosome/lysosome-specific phospholipid, bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP). BMP is enriched in alveolar macrophages of lung, one of the target tissue of SARS-CoV-2. This review details the BMP structure, its unsaturated fatty acid composition and fusogenic properties that are essential for the highly dynamic formation of the intraluminal vesicles inside the endosomes. Interestingly, BMP is necessary for infection and replication of enveloped RNA virus such as SARS-CoV-1 and Dengue virus. We also emphasize the role of BMP in lipid sorting and degradation, especially cholesterol transport in cooperation with Niemann Pick type C proteins (NPC 1 and 2) and with some oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related proteins (ORPs) as well as in sphingolipid degradation. Interestingly, numerous virus infection required NPC1 as well as ORPs along the endocytic pathway. Furthermore, BMP content is increased during pathological endosomal lipid accumulation in various lysosomal storage disorders. This is particularly important knowing the high percentage of patients with metabolic disorders among the SARS-CoV-2 infected patients presenting severe forms of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Luquain-Costaz
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAe U1397, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maxence Rabia
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAe U1397, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Isabelle Delton
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAe U1397, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
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14
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Qualified method for the estimation of di-18:1 bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate in urine, a noninvasive biomarker to monitor drug-induced phospholipidosis. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1049-1059. [PMID: 32735140 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Our objective was to develop and qualify a bioanalytical method for the estimation of di-18:1-bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (di-18:1 BMP) as a urinary biomarker for the assessment of drug-induced phospholipidosis and demonstrate its application in a preclinical study. Methodology/results: di-18:1 BMP was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction using n-butanol and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The qualified method was selective, precise, robust and accurate across the linearity range (0.2-250 ng/ml). Qualified method was then used to assess chloroquine-induced phospholipidosis in rats dosed at 120 mg/kg for 5 days. A fivefold increase in di-18:1 BMP was observed on Day 5 compared with predose. Conclusion: Di-18:1 BMP can be used as a noninvasive biomarker to assess/screen compounds that could cause drug-induced phospholipidosis in rats.
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15
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Rabia M, Leuzy V, Soulage C, Durand A, Fourmaux B, Errazuriz-Cerda E, Köffel R, Draeger A, Colosetti P, Jalabert A, Di Filippo M, Villard-Garon A, Bergerot C, Luquain-Costaz C, Moulin P, Rome S, Delton I, Hullin-Matsuda F. Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate, a new lipid signature of endosome-derived extracellular vesicles. Biochimie 2020; 178:26-38. [PMID: 32659447 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), also known as lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA), is a phospholipid specifically enriched in the late endosome-lysosome compartment playing a crucial role for the fate of endocytosed components. Due to its presence in extracellular fluids during diseases associated with endolysosomal dysfunction, it is considered as a possible biomarker of disorders such as genetic lysosomal storage diseases and cationic amphiphilic drug-induced phospholipidosis. However, there is no true validation of this biomarker in human studies, nor a clear identification of the carrier of this endolysosome-specific lipid in biofluids. The present study demonstrates that in absence of any sign of renal failure, BMP, especially all docosahexaenoyl containing species, are significantly increased in the urine of patients treated with the antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone. Such urinary BMP increase could reflect a generalized drug-induced perturbation of the endolysosome compartment as observed in vitro with amiodarone-treated human macrophages. Noteworthy, BMP was associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from human urines and extracellular medium of human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells and co-localizing with classical EV protein markers CD63 and ALIX. In the context of drug-induced endolysosomal dysfunction, increased BMP-rich EV release could be useful to remove excess of undigested material. This first human pilot study not only reveals BMP as a urinary biomarker of amiodarone-induced endolysosomal dysfunction, but also highlights its utility to prove the endosomal origin of EVs, also named as exosomes. This peculiar lipid already known as a canonical late endosome-lysosome marker, may be thus considered as a new lipid marker of urinary exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Rabia
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAe U1397, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Valentin Leuzy
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAe U1397, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Soulage
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAe U1397, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Annie Durand
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAe U1397, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Baptiste Fourmaux
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAe U1397, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Functional Lipidomics Platform, CarMeN Laboratory / IMBL-INSA Lyon, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | - René Köffel
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annette Draeger
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Colosetti
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAe U1397, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Audrey Jalabert
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAe U1397, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mathilde Di Filippo
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAe U1397, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Audrey Villard-Garon
- Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Cardiovasculaire Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Cyrille Bergerot
- Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Cardiovasculaire Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Céline Luquain-Costaz
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAe U1397, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Moulin
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAe U1397, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Cardiovasculaire Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Sophie Rome
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAe U1397, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Isabelle Delton
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAe U1397, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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Use of 3D Human Liver Organoids to Predict Drug-Induced Phospholipidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082982. [PMID: 32340283 PMCID: PMC7216064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced phospholipidosis (PL) is a storage disorder caused by the formation of phospholipid-drug complexes in lysosomes. Because of the diversity of PL between species, human cell-based assays have been used to predict drug-induced PL in humans. We established three-dimensional (3D) human liver organoids as described previously and investigated their liver characteristics through multiple analyses. Drug-induced PL was initiated in these organoids and in monolayer HepG2 cultures, and cellular changes were systemically examined. Organoids that underwent differentiation showed characteristics of hepatocytes rather than HepG2 cells. The organoids also survived under PL-inducing drug conditions for 48 h and maintained a more stable albumin secretion level than the HepG2 cells. More cytoplasmic vacuoles were observed in organoids and HepG2 cells treated with more potent PL-induced drugs, but to a greater extent in organoids than in HepG2 cells. Lysosome-associated membrane protein 2, a marker of lysosome membranes, showed a stronger immunohistochemical signal in the organoids. PL-distinctive lamellar bodies were observed only in amiodarone-treated organoids by transmission electron microscopy. Human liver organoids are thus more sensitive to drug-induced PL and less affected by cytotoxicity than HepG2 cells. Since PL is a chronic condition, these results indicate that organoids better reflect metabolite-mediated hepatotoxicity in vivo and could be a valuable system for evaluating the phospholipidogenic effects of different compounds during drug development.
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17
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Fog CK, Kirkegaard T. Animal models for Niemann-Pick type C: implications for drug discovery & development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:499-509. [PMID: 30887840 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1588882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) is a neurovisceral, progressively detrimental lysosomal storage disease with very limited therapeutic options and no approved treatment available in the US. Despite its rarity, NPC has seen increased drug developmental efforts over the past decade, culminating in the completion of two potential registration trials in 2018. Areas covered: This review highlights the many available animal models that have been developed in the field and briefly covers classical and new cell technologies. This review provides a high-level evaluation and prioritization of the various models with regard to efficient and clinically translatable drug development, and briefly discusses the relevant developments and opportunities pertaining to this. Expert opinion: With a number of in vitro and in vivo models available, and with having several drugs, all with various mechanisms of action, either approved or in late stage development, the NPC field is in an exciting time. One of the challenges for researchers and developers will be the ability to make use of the lessons learnt from existing late-stage programs as well as the incorporation not only of the opportunities but also the limitations of the many models into successful drug discovery and translational development programs.
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18
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Tengstrand E, Zhang H, Liu N, Dunn K, Hsieh F. A multiplexed UPLC-MS/MS assay for the simultaneous measurement of urinary safety biomarkers of drug-induced kidney injury and phospholipidosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 366:54-63. [PMID: 30653977 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) is a major concern in drug risk assessment given its clinical importance and the absence of a sensitive/specific method of diagnosis. Pharmaceutical regulatory agencies have qualified and issued letters of support for new biomarkers to better evaluate DIKI in nonclinical toxicity and clinical studies. Additional efforts have focused on drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIPL) and its potential link with collateral renal damage. The combined use of urinary biomarkers is an efficient way to evaluate renal safety in nonclinical and clinical studies. Eight FDA/EMA/PMDA qualified (or supported) urinary biomarkers, including kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), β2-microglobulin (B2M), clusterin (CLU), cystatin C (CysC), trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), osteopontin (OPN), and alpha-glutathione S-transferase (α-GST), were quantified by multiplex UPLC-MS/MS in a repeat dose study of gentamicin in rats. Rats administered gentamicin at 100 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks developed renal lesions detected by histopathology. Biomarkers of tubular damage (CLU, KIM-1, OPN) increased 9.8, 34.7, and 35.6-fold (relative to concurrent controls), respectively, after 2 weeks of dosing. Biomarkers of glomerular damage and/or impairment of tubular reabsorption (CysC, B2M) increased 11.7 and 22.6-fold. NGAL and α-GST increased <3-fold after 2 weeks of dosing. TFF3 was comparable to concurrent controls. The elevated biomarker concentrations met PSTC threshold criteria and were consistent with mechanisms of gentamicin nephrotoxicity. Increased urinary di-22:6-BMP indicated concomitant DIPL as confirmed by TEM. This work provides evidence supporting the combined use of the DIKI biomarker panel and di-22:6-BMP as a biomarker of DIPL in drug risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Zhang
- Nextcea Inc., 500 West Cummings Park #4550, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Nanjun Liu
- Nextcea Inc., 500 West Cummings Park #4550, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Kelly Dunn
- Nextcea Inc., 500 West Cummings Park #4550, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Frank Hsieh
- Nextcea Inc., 500 West Cummings Park #4550, Woburn, MA 01801, USA.
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Wang M, Palavicini JP, Cseresznye A, Han X. Strategy for Quantitative Analysis of Isomeric Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate and Phosphatidylglycerol Species by Shotgun Lipidomics after One-Step Methylation. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8490-8495. [PMID: 28708380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the cellular function and metabolism of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), an important but low-abundance class of phospholipids, has been hindered due to its difficulties to be resolved from its structural isomer (i.e., phosphatidylglycerol, PG, another low-abundance class of phospholipids). A novel strategy for quantitative analysis of BMP and PG species was developed after one-step methylation of lipid extracts in combination with high mass accuracy/resolution mass spectrometry after direct infusion (i.e., shotgun lipidomics). The novel strategy was applied for quantitative analysis of mouse hepatic BMP and PG species and their changes induced by long-term high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Interestingly, we revealed that HFD-fed mice display a dramatic accumulation of hepatic BMP compared to chow-fed littermates. We believe the development of this novel strategy could greatly facilitate our understanding of the role of BMP in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Juan Pablo Palavicini
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Adam Cseresznye
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Xianlin Han
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
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20
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Kamiguchi H, Yamaguchi M, Murabayashi M, Mori I, Horinouchi A. Method development and validation for simultaneous quantitation of endogenous hippuric acid and phenylacetylglycine in rat urine using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1035:76-83. [PMID: 27697729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Urinary hippuric acid (HA) and phenylacetylglycine (PAG) are biomarker candidates for drug-induced phospholipidosis (PLD). To confirm their utility in preclinical and clinical settings, it is essential to develop and validate their quantification method in advance. In this study, we have applied liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for simultaneous quantification of HA and PAG in rat urine, and matrix based ion suppression was assessed by post-column infusion assay. Effective sample dilution reduced matrix effect of urine to be negligible level and calibration curves showed good correlation between those in urine diluent and buffer alone. Reliability of this assay was confirmed by the assessments for intra- and inter-day precisions and accuracies of quality control samples. The method was applied to rat urine after multiple oral administrations of PLD-inducing drugs, and the changes in HA and PAG concentrations and their ratio were successfully detected as rat plasma in previous report. This is the first report to quantify HA and PAG easily and accurately as potential biomarkers to monitor PLD status. This assay would be useful tool for monitoring PLD in toxicological studies by non-invasive sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Kamiguchi
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Masashi Yamaguchi
- Bio Molecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mika Murabayashi
- Process Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuo Mori
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Horinouchi
- PS Administration Department, Pharmaceutical Science, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Lenhard SC, Lev M, Webster LO, Peterson RA, Goulbourne CN, Miller RT, Jucker BM. Hepatic Phospholipidosis Is Associated with Altered Hepatobiliary Function as Assessed by Gadoxetate Dynamic Contrast–enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Toxicol Pathol 2015; 44:51-60. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623315608509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To determine if amiodarone induces hepatic phospholipidosis (PLD) sufficient to detect changes in hepatobiliary transporter function as assessed by gadoxetate dynamic contrast–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), rats were orally dosed with vehicle (1% methyl cellulose) or amiodarone (300 mg/kg/day) for 7 consecutive days. Gadoxetate DCE-MRI occurred at baseline, day 7, and following a 2-week washout of amiodarone. At day 7, the gadoxetate washout rate was significantly decreased compared to the vehicle group. Blood chemistry analysis revealed no significant changes in liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]/aspartate aminotransferase [AST]/alkaline phosphatase [ALP]), bilirubin, or bile acids between vehicle or amiodarone groups. Hepatic PLD was confirmed in all rats treated with amiodarone at day 7 by transmission electron microscopy. Following the 2-week washout, there was no ultrastructural evidence of hepatic PLD in rats and the gadoxetate washout rate returned to baseline levels. This is the first study to show the application of gadoxetate DCE-MRI to detect hepatobiliary functional changes associated with PLD and offer a potential new technique with clinical utility in patients suspected of having PLD. These results also suggest PLD itself has functional consequences on hepatobiliary function in the absence of biomarkers of toxicity, given the cause/effect relationship between PLD and function has not been fully established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Lenhard
- Preclinical and Translational Imaging, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Laboratory Animal Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mally Lev
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lindsey O. Webster
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard A. Peterson
- Safety Assessment, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Richard T. Miller
- Laboratory Animal Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Beat M. Jucker
- Preclinical and Translational Imaging, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Laboratory Animal Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
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22
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Fuji RN, Flagella M, Baca M, S. Baptista MA, Brodbeck J, Chan BK, Fiske BK, Honigberg L, Jubb AM, Katavolos P, Lee DW, Lewin-Koh SC, Lin T, Liu X, Liu S, Lyssikatos JP, O’Mahony J, Reichelt M, Roose-Girma M, Sheng Z, Sherer T, Smith A, Solon M, Sweeney ZK, Tarrant J, Urkowitz A, Warming S, Yaylaoglu M, Zhang S, Zhu H, Estrada AA, Watts RJ. Effect of selective LRRK2 kinase inhibition on nonhuman primate lung. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:273ra15. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa3634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Garrett TA, Moncada RM. The Arabidopsis thaliana lysophospholipid acyltransferase At1g78690p acylates a variety of lysophospholipids including bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:1022-7. [PMID: 25240136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
When the lysoglycerophospholipid (GPL) acyltransferase At1g78690 from Arabidopsis thaliana is over-expressed in Escherichiacoli a headgroup acylated GPL, acyl phosphatidylglycerol (PG), accumulates despite that in vitro this enzyme catalyzes the transfer of an acyl chain from acyl-CoA to the sn-2 position of 1-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) or 1-acyl PG to form the sn-1, sn-2, di acyl PE and PG respectively; it does not acylate PG to form acyl PG. To begin to understand why the overexpression of a lyso GPL acyltransferase leads to the accumulation of a headgroup acylated GPL in E. coli we investigated the headgroup specificity of At1g78690. Using membranes prepared from E. coli overexpressing At1g78690, we assessed the ability of At1g78690 to catalyze the transfer of acyl chains from acyl-coenzyme A to a variety of lyso GPL acyl acceptors including lyso-phosphatidic acid (PA), -phosphatidylcholine (PC), -phosphatidylserine (PC), -phosphatidylinositol (PI) and three stereoisoforms of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP). The predicted products were formed when lyso PI and lyso PC were used as the acyl acceptor but not with lyso PC or lyso PA. In addition, At1g78690 robustly acylates two BMP isoforms with sn-2 and/or sn-2' hydroxyls in the R-stereoconfiguration, but not the BMP isoform with the sn-2 and sn-2' hydroxyls in the S-stereoconfiguration. This strongly suggests that At1g78690 is stereoselective for hydroxyls with R-stereochemistry. In addition, this robust acylation of BMPs by At1g78690, which yields acyl PG like molecules, may explain the mechanism by which At1g78690 so strikingly alters the lipid composition of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Garrett
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, United States.
| | - Reuben M Moncada
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, United States
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Charifson PS, Walters WP. Acidic and Basic Drugs in Medicinal Chemistry: A Perspective. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9701-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501000a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul S. Charifson
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - W. Patrick Walters
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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Di-22:6-bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate: A clinical biomarker of drug-induced phospholipidosis for drug development and safety assessment. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 279:467-476. [PMID: 24967688 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The inability to routinely monitor drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIPL) presents a challenge in pharmaceutical drug development and in the clinic. Several nonclinical studies have shown di-docosahexaenoyl (22:6) bis(monoacylglycerol) phosphate (di-22:6-BMP) to be a reliable biomarker of tissue DIPL that can be monitored in the plasma/serum and urine. The aim of this study was to show the relevance of di-22:6-BMP as a DIPL biomarker for drug development and safety assessment in humans. DIPL shares many similarities with the inherited lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease. DIPL and NPC result in similar changes in lysosomal function and cholesterol status that lead to the accumulation of multi-lamellar bodies (myeloid bodies) in cells and tissues. To validate di-22:6-BMP as a biomarker of DIPL for clinical studies, NPC patients and healthy donors were classified by receiver operator curve analysis based on urinary di-22:6-BMP concentrations. By showing 96.7-specificity and 100-sensitivity to identify NPC disease, di-22:6-BMP can be used to assess DIPL in human studies. The mean concentration of di-22:6-BMP in the urine of NPC patients was 51.4-fold (p ≤ 0.05) above the healthy baseline range. Additionally, baseline levels of di-22:6-BMP were assessed in healthy non-medicated laboratory animals (rats, mice, dogs, and monkeys) and human subjects to define normal reference ranges for nonclinical/clinical studies. The baseline ranges of di-22:6-BMP in the plasma, serum, and urine of humans and laboratory animals were species dependent. The results of this study support the role of di-22:6-BMP as a biomarker of DIPL for pharmaceutical drug development and health care settings.
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Differential cytotoxicity responses by dog and rat hepatocytes to phospholipogenic treatments. J Toxicol 2013; 2013:956404. [PMID: 23577025 PMCID: PMC3610344 DOI: 10.1155/2013/956404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dog and rat hepatocytes were treated with phospholipogenics to identify the more sensitive species and to determine whether lysosomal or mitochondrial changes were the primary cause of cytotoxicity. Endpoints included cell death, lysosome membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane polarization, and fluorescent phospholipid (NBD-PE). Dog cells exhibited lower survival IC50 values than did rat cells with all phospholipogenic treatments and exhibited a lower capacity to accumulate NBD-PE in 4 of 5 phospholipogenic test conditions. The lysosomal modulator Bafilomycin A1 (Baf) rescued dog cells from cytotoxicity caused by 3 phospholipogenic 5HT1b antagonists and hydroxychloroquine, but not fluoxetine, and rescued rat cells from hydroxychloroquine and NMTMB, a 5HT1b antagonist. Following NMTMB treatment, rat mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization was observed at modestly cytotoxic concentrations and depolarization at the highest concentration. At the highest test concentration, lysosomal loss of acridine orange occurred by 30 min, mitochondrial polarity changes by 1 hr, and NBD-PE accumulation by 2 hr, respectively. Baf shifted mitochondrial polarity from a depolarized state to a hyperpolarized state. These data demonstrate that (a) dog hepatocytes were generally less capable of mounting an adaptive, protective phospholipidotic response than rat hepatocytes, (b) effects on mitochondria and survival were preventable by lysosomal protection, and (c) destabilizing changes in both organelles are involved causally in cytotoxicity.
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Yamashima T. Reconsider Alzheimer's disease by the 'calpain-cathepsin hypothesis'--a perspective review. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 105:1-23. [PMID: 23499711 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by slowly progressive neuronal death, but its molecular cascade remains elusive for over 100 years. Since accumulation of autophagic vacuoles (also called granulo-vacuolar degenerations) represents one of the pathologic hallmarks of degenerating neurons in AD, a causative connection between autophagy failure and neuronal death should be present. The aim of this perspective review is at considering such underlying mechanism of AD that age-dependent oxidative stresses may affect the autophagic-lysosomal system via carbonylation and cleavage of heat-shock protein 70.1 (Hsp70.1). AD brains exhibit gradual but continual ischemic insults that cause perturbed Ca(2+) homeostasis, calpain activation, amyloid β deposition, and oxidative stresses. Membrane lipids such as linoleic and arachidonic acids are vulnerable to the cumulative oxidative stresses, generating a toxic peroxidation product 'hydroxynonenal' that can carbonylate Hsp70.1. Recent data advocate for dual roles of Hsp70.1 as a molecular chaperone for damaged proteins and a guardian of lysosomal integrity. Accordingly, impairments of lysosomal autophagy and stabilization may be driven by the calpain-mediated cleavage of carbonylated Hsp70.1, and this causes lysosomal permeabilization and/or rupture with the resultant release of the cell degradation enzyme, cathepsins (calpain-cathepsin hypothesis). Here, the author discusses three topics; (1) how age-related decrease in lysosomal and autophagic activities has a causal connection to programmed neuronal necrosis in sporadic AD, (2) how genetic factors such as apolipoprotein E and presenilin 1 can facilitate lysosomal destabilization in the sequential molecular events, and (3) whether a single cascade can simultaneously account for implications of all players previously reported. In conclusion, Alzheimer neuronal death conceivably occurs by the similar 'calpain-hydroxynonenal-Hsp70.1-cathepsin cascade' with ischemic neuronal death. Blockade of calpain and/or extra-lysosomal cathepsins as well as scavenging of hydroxynonenal would become effective AD therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsumori Yamashima
- Department of Restorative Neurosurgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Takara-machi 13-1, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.
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Bingham M, Rankovic Z. Medicinal Chemistry Challenges in CNS Drug Discovery. DRUG DISCOVERY FOR PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849734943-00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The human brain is a uniquely complex organ, which has evolved a sophisticated protection system to avoid injury from external insults and toxins. Penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to achieve the drug concentrations required for efficacious target receptor occupancy in the brain region of interest is a unique and significant challenge facing medicinal chemists working on CNS targets. Prospective design of molecules with optimal brain exposure and safety profile requires in-depth understanding of the fundamental relationships between physicochemical properties and in vitro and in vivo outcomes. Following from the now widely accepted “rule of five” guidelines for the design of oral drugs, the physicochemical properties for brain penetration have been extensively studied in an effort to define the characteristics of successful CNS drug candidates. Several key physicochemical properties have been identified that influence the rate of brain permeability and extent of brain penetration, including H-bonding potential, molecular weight, lipophilicity, polar surface area (PSA), ionization state and rotatable bond count. The ability to process this information effectively and engage in multi-parameter prospective design ultimately determines the success in delivering high-quality drug candidates that are suitable robustly to test hypotheses in the clinic and have good probability of reaching the market. This chapter focuses on the medicinal chemistry aspects of drug candidate optimization particular to the CNS therapeutic area, such as crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), as well as safety-related issues frequently challenging CNS programs such as hERG selectivity and phospholipidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoran Rankovic
- Eli Lilly and Company893 South Delaware Street, Indianapolis, IN
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Muehlbacher M, Tripal P, Roas F, Kornhuber J. Identification of drugs inducing phospholipidosis by novel in vitro data. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1925-34. [PMID: 22945602 PMCID: PMC3533795 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced phospholipidosis (PLD) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the accumulation of phospholipids within the lysosome. This adverse drug effect can occur in various tissues and is suspected to impact cellular viability. Therefore, it is important to test chemical compounds for their potential to induce PLD during the drug design process. PLD has been reported to be a side effect of many commonly used drugs, especially those with cationic amphiphilic properties. To predict drug-induced PLD in silico, we established a high-throughput cell-culture-based method to quantitatively determine the induction of PLD by chemical compounds. Using this assay, we tested 297 drug-like compounds at two different concentrations (2.5 μM and 5.0 μM). We were able to identify 28 previously unknown PLD-inducing agents. Furthermore, our experimental results enabled the development of a binary classification model to predict PLD-inducing agents based on their molecular properties. This random forest prediction system yields a bootstrapped validated accuracy of 86 %. PLD-inducing agents overlap with those that target similar biological processes; a high degree of concordance with PLD-inducing agents was identified for cationic amphiphilic compounds, small molecules that inhibit acid sphingomyelinase, compounds that cross the blood-brain barrier, and compounds that violate Lipinski's rule of five. Furthermore, we were able to show that PLD-inducing compounds applied in combination additively induce PLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Muehlbacher
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen (Germany); Computer Chemistry Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Nägelsbachstr. 25, 91052 Erlangen (Germany)
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Comparison of urinary and serum levels of di-22:6-bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate as noninvasive biomarkers of phospholipidosis in rats. Toxicol Lett 2012; 213:285-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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31
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Shayman JA, Abe A. Drug induced phospholipidosis: an acquired lysosomal storage disorder. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:602-11. [PMID: 22960355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong association between lysosome enzyme deficiencies and monogenic disorders resulting in lysosomal storage disease. Of the more than 75 characterized lysosomal proteins, two thirds are directly linked to inherited diseases of metabolism. Only one lysosomal storage disease, Niemann-Pick disease, is associated with impaired phospholipid metabolism. However, other phospholipases are found in the lysosome but remain poorly characterized. A recent exception is lysosomal phospholipase A2 (group XV phospholipase A2). Although no inherited disorder of lysosomal phospholipid metabolism has yet been associated with a loss of function of this lipase, this enzyme may be a target for an acquired form of lysosomal storage, drug induced phospholipidosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Phospholipids and Phospholipid Metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Shayman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Phospholipogenic pharmaceuticals are associated with a higher incidence of histological findings than nonphospholipogenic pharmaceuticals in preclinical toxicology studies. J Toxicol 2012; 2012:308594. [PMID: 22745636 PMCID: PMC3382391 DOI: 10.1155/2012/308594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While phospholipidosis is thought to be an adaptive response to chemical challenge, many phospholipogenic compounds are known to display adverse effects in preclinical species and humans. To investigate the link between phospholipogenic administration and incidence of preclinical histological signals, an internal AstraZeneca in vivo toxicology report database was searched to identify phospholipogenic and nonphospholipogenic compounds. The datasets assembled comprised 46 phospholipogenic and 62 nonphospholipogenic compounds. The phospholipogenic potential of these compounds was confirmed by a pathologist's interpretation and was supported by well-validated in silico and in vitro models. The phospholipogenic dataset contained 37 bases, 4 neutral compounds, 3 zwitterions, and 1 acid, whereas the nonphospholipogenic dataset contained 9 bases, 34 neutrals, 1 zwitterion, and 18 acids. Histologic findings were tracked for adrenal gland; bone marrow; kidney; liver; lung; lymph node; spleen; thymus; and reproductive organs. On average, plasma exposures were higher in animals dosed with the nonphospholipogenics. Phospholipogenics yielded proportionally more histologic changes (exclusive of phospholipidosis itself) in all organs. Statistically significant higher frequencies of liver necrosis, alveolitis/pneumonitis, as well as lymphocytolysis in the thymus, lymph nodes, and spleen occurred in response to phospholipogenics compared to that for nonphospholipogenics.
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Identification of a novel set of biomarkers for evaluating phospholipidosis-inducing potential of compounds using rat liver microarray data measured 24-h after single dose administration. Toxicology 2012; 295:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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34
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Mesens N, Desmidt M, Verheyen GR, Starckx S, Damsch S, De Vries R, Verhemeldonck M, Van Gompel J, Lampo A, Lammens L. Phospholipidosis in rats treated with amiodarone: serum biochemistry and whole genome micro-array analysis supporting the lipid traffic jam hypothesis and the subsequent rise of the biomarker BMP. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40:491-503. [PMID: 22291062 DOI: 10.1177/0192623311432290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To provide mechanistic insight in the induction of phospholipidosis and the appearance of the proposed biomarker di-docosahexaenoyl (C22:6)-bis(monoacylglycerol) phosphate (BMP), rats were treated with 150 mg/kg amiodarone for 12 consecutive days and analyzed at three different time points (day 4, 9, and 12). Biochemical analysis of the serum revealed a significant increase in cholesterol and phospholipids at the three time points. Bio-analysis on the serum and urine detected a time-dependent increase in BMP, as high as 10-fold compared to vehicle-treated animals on day 12. Paralleling these increases, micro-array analysis on the liver of treated rats identified cholesterol biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism as highly modulated pathways. This modulation indicates that during phospholipidosis-induction interactions take place between the cationic amphiphilic drug and phospholipids at the level of BMP-rich internal membranes of endosomes, impeding cholesterol sorting and leading to an accumulation of internal membranes, converting into multilamellar bodies. This process shows analogy to Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC). Whereas the NPC-induced lipid traffic jam is situated at the cholesterol sorting proteins NPC1 and NPC2, the amiodarone-induced traffic jam is thought to be located at the BMP level, demonstrating its role in the mechanism of phospholipidosis-induction and its significance for use as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Mesens
- Genetic and Exploratory Toxicology, Drug Safety Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
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Thompson KL, Haskins K, Rosenzweig BA, Stewart S, Zhang J, Peters D, Knapton A, Rouse R, Mans D, Colatsky T. Comparison of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Di-22:6-Bis(monoacylglycerol)Phosphate and Other Urinary Phospholipids for Drug-Induced Phospholipidosis or Tissue Injury in the Rat. Int J Toxicol 2012; 31:14-24. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581811430167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cationic amphiphilic drugs and aminoglycoside antibiotics can induce phospholipidosis (PLD), an abnormal accumulation of phospholipids in lysosome-derived vesicles, in preclinical studies. The incidence of PLD in patients and its clinical relevance are difficult to assess without noninvasive biomarkers. Di-docosahexaenoyl bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate (di-22:6-BMP) is a phospholipid that is enriched in lysosomal membranes and a proposed urinary biomarker of drug-induced PLD. The specificity of di-22:6-BMP for PLD was compared to other phospholipid species that can increase in urine with nephrotoxicity. Using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, 12 phospholipids were assayed in the urine of rats treated with drugs that induced PLD or caused renal or skeletal muscle injury. In receiver operating curve analyses, urinary di-22:6-BMP was a significantly better predictor of PLD and the least predictive of tissue injury of the phospholipids assayed. The data provide evidence supporting the use of di-22:6-BMP as a urinary biomarker of PLD in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol L. Thompson
- Division of Drug Safety Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kylie Haskins
- Division of Drug Safety Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Present address: Emergent Biosolutions, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Barry A. Rosenzweig
- Division of Drug Safety Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sharron Stewart
- Division of Drug Safety Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Drug Safety Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - David Peters
- Division of Drug Safety Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Alan Knapton
- Division of Drug Safety Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Rodney Rouse
- Division of Drug Safety Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Mans
- Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, CDER, FDA, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas Colatsky
- Division of Drug Safety Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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36
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Park S, Choi YJ, Lee BH. In vitro validation of drug-induced phospholipidosis. J Toxicol Sci 2012; 37:261-7. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sora Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
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37
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van de Water F, Havinga J, Ravesloot W, Horbach G, Schoonen W. High content screening analysis of phospholipidosis: Validation of a 96-well assay with CHO-K1 and HepG2 cells for the prediction of in vivo based phospholipidosis. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1870-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Orsó E, Grandl M, Schmitz G. Oxidized LDL-induced endolysosomal phospholipidosis and enzymatically modified LDL-induced foam cell formation determine specific lipid species modulation in human macrophages. Chem Phys Lipids 2011; 164:479-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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39
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Peropadre A, Fernández Freire P, Herrero Ó, Pérez Martín JM, Hazen MJ. Cellular Responses Associated with Dibucaine-Induced Phospholipidosis. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:185-92. [DOI: 10.1021/tx100262c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Peropadre
- Cellular Toxicology Group, Laboratory A-110, C/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Fernández Freire
- Cellular Toxicology Group, Laboratory A-110, C/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Herrero
- Cellular Toxicology Group, Laboratory A-110, C/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Pérez Martín
- Cellular Toxicology Group, Laboratory A-110, C/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - M José Hazen
- Cellular Toxicology Group, Laboratory A-110, C/Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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40
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Bernstein PR, Ciaccio P, Morelli J. Drug-Induced Phospholipidosis. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386009-5.00001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham F Smith
- Central Chemistry Team Lead, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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