1
|
Hosseini MAH, Alizadeh AA, Shayanfar A. Prediction of the First-Pass Metabolism of a Drug After Oral Intake Based on Structural Parameters and Physicochemical Properties. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2024; 49:449-465. [PMID: 38733548 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-024-00892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The oral first-pass metabolism is a crucial factor that plays a key role in a drug's pharmacokinetic profile. Prediction of the oral first-pass metabolism based on chemical structural parameters can be useful in the drug-design process. Developing an orally administered drug with an acceptable pharmacokinetic profile is necessary to reduce the cost and time associated with evaluating the extent of the first-pass metabolism of a candidate compound in preclinical studies. The aim of this study is to estimate the first-pass metabolism of an orally administered drug. METHODS A set of compounds with reported first-pass metabolism data were collected. Moreover, human intestinal absorption percentage and oral bioavailability data were extracted from the literature to propose a classification system that split the drugs up based on their first-pass metabolism extents. Various structural parameters were calculated for each compound. The relations of the structural and physicochemical values of each compound to the class the compound belongs to were obtained using logistic regression. RESULTS Initial analysis showed that compounds with logD7.4 > 1 or a rugosity factor of > 1.5 are more likely to have high first-pass metabolism. Four different models that can predict the oral first-pass metabolism with acceptable error were introduced. The overall accuracies of the models were in the range of 72% (for models with simple descriptors) to 78% (for models with complex descriptors). Although the models with simple descriptors have lower accuracies compared to complex models, they are more interpretable and easier for researchers to utilize. CONCLUSION A novel classification of drugs based on the extent of the oral first-pass metabolism was introduced, and mechanistic models were developed to assign candidate compounds to the appropriate proposed classes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mir Amir Hossein Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Alizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Shayanfar
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St., Tabriz, 51664-14766, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nair AR, Vullendula SKA, Yarlagadda DL, Bheemisetty B, Dengale SJ, Bhat K. Physicochemical interaction of rifampicin and ritonavir-lopinavir solid dispersion: an in-vitro and ex-vivo investigation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:192-205. [PMID: 38305806 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2309508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the in-situ physicochemical interaction of Rifampicin and Ritonavir - Lopinavir Solid dispersion administered for the treatment of comorbid conditions i.e. Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. METHODS pH-shift dissolution of Rifampicin (RIF) in presence of Ritonavir-Lopinavir solid dispersion (RL-SD) was carried out in USP phosphate buffer 6.8 and FaSSIF. Equilibrium and amorphous solubility were determined for the drugs. Pure drugs, their physical mixtures, and pH-shifted co-precipitated samples were characterized using DSC, PXRD, and FTIR. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to investigate drug-rich and drug-lean phases. In-vitro and ex-vivo flux studies were also carried out. RESULTS The results showed significant differences in the solubility and dissolution profiles of RTV and LOP in the presence of RIF, while RIF profile remained unchanged. Amorphicity, intermolecular interaction and aggregate formation in pH-shifted samples were revealed in DSC, XRD and FTIR analysis. Fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed the formation of drug-rich phase upon pH-shift. In-vitro and ex-vivo flux studies revealed significant reduction in the flux of all the drugs when studied in presence of second drug. CONCLUSION RIF, RTV and LOP in presence of each other on pH-shift, results in co-precipitation in the amorphous form (miscible) which leads to reduction in the highest attainable degree of supersaturation. This reduction corresponds to the mole fraction of the RIF, RTV and LOP within the studied system. These findings suggest that the concomitant administration of these drugs may lead to physicochemical interactions and possible ineffective therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athira R Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sai Krishna Anand Vullendula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Dani Lakshman Yarlagadda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Brahmam Bheemisetty
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Swapnil J Dengale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari, India
| | - Krishnamurthy Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang W, Jiang S, Zhao Y, Zhu G. Echinacoside: A promising active natural products and pharmacological agents. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106951. [PMID: 37804927 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Echinacoside, a natural phenylethanoid glycoside, was discovered and isolated from the garden plant Echinacea angustifolia DC., belonging to the Compositae family, approximately sixty years ago. Extensive investigations have revealed that it possesses a wide array of pharmacologically beneficial activities for human health, particularly notable for its neuroprotective and anticancer activity. Several crucial concerns surfaced, encompassing the recognition of active metabolites that exhibited inadequate bioavailability in their prototype form, the establishment of precise molecular signal pathways or targets associated with the aforementioned effects of echinacoside, and the scarcity of dependable clinical trials. Hence, the question remains unanswered as to whether scientific research can effectively utilize this natural compound. To support future studies on this natural product, it is imperative to provide a systematic overview and insights into potential future prospects. The current review provides a comprehensive analysis of the existing knowledge on echinacoside, encompassing its wide distribution, structural diversity and metabolism, diverse therapeutic applications, and improvement of echinacoside bioavailability for its potential utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Guoxue Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang L, Zhao P, Luo T, Yang D, Jiang Q, Chen J, Lou H, Ruan Z, Jiang B. Physiologically based absorption modeling to predict the bioequivalence of two cilostazol formulations. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:2323-2330. [PMID: 37718502 PMCID: PMC10651633 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo pharmacokinetic simulations and virtual bioequivalence (BE) evaluation of cilostazol have not yet been described for humans. Here, we successfully developed a physiologically based absorption model to simulate plasma concentrations of cilostazol. In addition, virtual population simulations integrating dissolution of 0.3% sodium dodecyl sulfate water media were executed to evaluate the BE of test and reference formulations. Simulation results show that test and reference formulations were bioequivalent among 28 subjects, but not nine subjects, consistent with clinical studies. The model proved to be an important tool to show potential BE for cilostazol. This finding may facilitate understanding of the potential risks during the development of generic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ting Luo
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Dandan Yang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Qianqian Jiang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Honggang Lou
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zourong Ruan
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Bo Jiang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Santos WBR, Pina LTS, de Oliveira MA, Santos LABO, Batista MVA, Trindade GGG, Duarte MC, Almeida JRGS, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Quintans JSS, Serafini MR, Coutinho HDM, Kowalska G, Baj T, Kowalski R, Guimarães AG. Antinociceptive Effect of a p-Cymene/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex in a Murine Cancer Pain Model: Characterization Aided through a Docking Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114465. [PMID: 37298941 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is one of the most prevalent and difficult to manage symptoms in cancer patients, and conventional drugs present a range of adverse reactions. The development of β-cyclodextrins (β-CD) complexes has been used to avoid physicochemical and pharmacological limitations due to the lipophilicity of compounds such as p-Cymene (PC), a monoterpene with antinociceptive effects. Our aim was to obtain, characterize, and measure the effect of the complex of p-cymene and β-cyclodextrin (PC/β-CD) in a cancer pain model. Initially, molecular docking was performed to predict the viability of complex formation. Afterward, PC/β-CD was obtained by slurry complexation, characterized by HPLC and NMR. Finally, PC/β-CD was tested in a Sarcoma 180 (S180)-induced pain model. Molecular docking indicated that the occurrence of interaction between PC and β-CD is favorable. PC/β-CD showed complexation efficiency of 82.61%, and NMR demonstrated PC complexation in the β-CD cavity. In the S180 cancer pain model, PC/β-CD significantly reduced the mechanical hyperalgesia, spontaneous nociception, and nociception induced by non-noxious palpation at the doses tested (p < 0.05) when compared to vehicle differently from free PC (p > 0.05). Therefore, the complexation of PC in β-CD was shown to improve the pharmacological effect of the drug as well as reducing the required dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wagner B R Santos
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Lícia T S Pina
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Marlange A de Oliveira
- Departament of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Lucas A B O Santos
- Departament of Biology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Marcus V A Batista
- Departament of Biology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Gabriela G G Trindade
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Duarte
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Jackson R G S Almeida
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48902-300, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- Departament of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Mairim R Serafini
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry (DBQ), Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Pimenta, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Grażyna Kowalska
- Department of Tourism and Recreation, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Str., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Baj
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Radosław Kowalski
- Department of Analysis and Food Quality Assessment, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 8 Skromna Str., 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adriana G Guimarães
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Londhe O, Sanjay Mane S, Umesh Hirlekar B, Subbevarapu A, Elsa Viju A, Dixit VA, Dengale SJ. In vitro, in-vivo, and in-silico investigation of physicochemical interactions between pioglitazone and rifampicin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023:S0939-6411(23)00120-0. [PMID: 37172696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a possibility of in-situ physicochemical interactions between concomitantly administered drugs. This study aimed to investigate such physicochemical interactions between pioglitazone and rifampicin. Pioglitazone exhibited significantly higher dissolution in the presence of rifampicin, while the dissolution of rifampicin remained unaffected. The solid-state characterization of precipitates recovered after pH-shift dissolution experiments revealed the conversion of pioglitazone into an amorphous form in the presence of rifampicin. The Density Function Theory (DFT) calculations showed the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between rifampicin and pioglitazone. In-situ conversion of pioglitazone in amorphous form and subsequent supersaturation of GIT milieu translated into significantly higher in-vivo exposure of pioglitazone and its metabolites (M-III and M-IV) in Wistar rats. Therefore, it is advisable to consider the possibility of physicochemical interactions between concomitantly administered drugs. Our findings may be beneficial in tailoring the dose of concomitantly administered drugs, particularly for chronic conditions that entail polypharmacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omkar Londhe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari-781 101, India
| | - Sayalee Sanjay Mane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari-781 101, India
| | - Bhakti Umesh Hirlekar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari-781 101, India
| | - Ajay Subbevarapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari-781 101, India
| | - Anjana Elsa Viju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari-781 101, India
| | - Vaibhav A Dixit
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari-781 101, India.
| | - Swapnil J Dengale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari-781 101, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yin L, Wang X, Li Y, Liu Z, Mei Q, Chen Z. Uptake of the Plant Agriculture-Used Antibiotics Oxytetracycline and Streptomycin by Cherry Radish─Effect on Plant Microbiome and the Potential Health Risk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4561-4570. [PMID: 36945880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are used to control certain bacterial diseases in plant agriculture. Understanding antibiotic uptake by edible vegetables after application and associated risks on plant microbiome and human health is critical. In this study, oxytetracycline and streptomycin, the two most commonly used antibiotics in plant agriculture, were applied to cherry radish via continuous soil drenching to study their translocations into plant tissues, influence on radish microbiome, and the potential health risk to mice. The results demonstrated that oxytetracycline induced hormesis in radish plants and both antibiotics were translocated into the leaves, fruits, and roots of radishes from the soil, with significantly higher plant uptake of streptomycin than oxytetracycline. Interestingly, the proportion of culturable oxytetracycline or streptomycin-resistant bacteria in the antibiotic-accumulated radish tissues was significantly higher than that in the antibiotic-free radish tissues, although both bacterial and fungal communities in different radish tissues were not affected by the accumulated antibiotics, demonstrating that antibiotic application could enrich antibiotic resistance in the plant microbiome. Feeding mice with antibiotics-accumulated radish tissues did not show significant effects on the weight and blood glucose levels of mice. Overall, this study provides important insights into the risk of using antibiotics in plant agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xingshuo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ziyin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qinyuan Mei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zeyou Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dorel R, Wong AR, Crawford JJ. Trust Your Gut: Strategies and Tactics for Intestinally Restricted Drugs. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:233-243. [PMID: 36923921 PMCID: PMC10009798 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-absorbable small-molecule drugs targeted to the gut represent an alternative approach to safe, non-systemic therapeutics. Such drugs remain confined to the gastrointestinal tract upon oral dosing by virtue of their limited passive permeability, increasing the local concentration at the site of action while minimizing exposure elsewhere in the body. Herein we review the latest advances in the field of gut-restricted therapeutics, highlighting the different strategies and tactics that medicinal chemists have employed in pursuit of drugs with minimal intestinal absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alice R. Wong
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - James J. Crawford
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Study on Absorption, Distribution and Excretion of a New Candidate Compound XYY-CP1106 against Alzheimer's Disease in Rats by LC-MS/MS. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052377. [PMID: 36903623 PMCID: PMC10005075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
XYY-CP1106, a candidate compound synthesized from a hybrid of hydroxypyridinone and coumarin, has been shown to be remarkably effective in treating Alzheimer's disease. A simple, rapid and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) method was established in this study to elucidate the pharmacokinetics of XYY-CP1106 after oral and intravenous administration in rats. XYY-CP1106 was shown to be rapidly absorbed into the blood (Tmax, 0.57-0.93 h) and then eliminated slowly (T1/2, 8.26-10.06 h). Oral bioavailability of XYY-CP1106 was (10.70 ± 1.72)%. XYY-CP1106 could pass through the blood-brain barrier with a high content of (500.52 ± 260.12) ng/g at 2 h in brain tissue. The excretion results showed that XYY-CP1106 was mainly excreted through feces, with an average total excretion rate of (31.14 ± 0.05)% in 72 h. In conclusion, the absorption, distribution and excretion of XYY-CP1106 in rats provided a theoretical basis for subsequent preclinical studies.
Collapse
|
10
|
Guttman Y, Kerem Z. Computer-Aided (In Silico) Modeling of Cytochrome P450-Mediated Food–Drug Interactions (FDI). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158498. [PMID: 35955630 PMCID: PMC9369352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Modifications of the activity of Cytochrome 450 (CYP) enzymes by compounds in food might impair medical treatments. These CYP-mediated food–drug interactions (FDI) play a major role in drug clearance in the intestine and liver. Inter-individual variation in both CYP expression and structure is an important determinant of FDI. Traditional targeted approaches have highlighted a limited number of dietary inhibitors and single-nucleotide variations (SNVs), each determining personal CYP activity and inhibition. These approaches are costly in time, money and labor. Here, we review computational tools and databases that are already available and are relevant to predicting CYP-mediated FDIs. Computer-aided approaches such as protein–ligand interaction modeling and the virtual screening of big data narrow down hundreds of thousands of items in databanks to a few putative targets, to which the research resources could be further directed. Structure-based methods are used to explore the structural nature of the interaction between compounds and CYP enzymes. However, while collections of chemical, biochemical and genetic data are available today and call for the implementation of big-data approaches, ligand-based machine-learning approaches for virtual screening are still scarcely used for FDI studies. This review of CYP-mediated FDIs promises to attract scientists and the general public.
Collapse
|
11
|
Triblock Copolymer Micelles with Tunable Surface Charge as Drug Nanocarriers: Synthesis and Physico-Chemical Characterization. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030434. [PMID: 35159779 PMCID: PMC8840746 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles have gained increasing interest as efficient drug delivery systems for cancer treatment and diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to construct and to evaluate novel polymeric nanosized drug carriers with tunable surface charges. Initially, amphiphilic triblock copolymers with predetermined molar mass characteristics were synthesized by applying controlled polymerization techniques. The copolymers self-assembled in aqueous media into core–shell spherical micelles, comprising a biodegradable hydrophobic poly(D,L-lactide) core, positively charged middle layer of poly((2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate), and an outer shell of neutral hydrophilic poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate), with various densities of the short polyether side chains. The block copolymer micelles with average diameters of about 70 nm and surface charges varying from strongly positive to neutral were characterized and loaded with the model, natural, hydrophobic drug curcumin. Characteristics such as drug loading efficiency, in-vitro drug release profiles, and stability under physiological conditions were evaluated and discussed in terms of nanocarriers’ composition. As a result, the most promising candidates for potential application in nanomedicine were identified.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang LY, Bu FZ, Yu YM, Niu YY, Li YT, Yan CW, Wu ZY. A novel crystalline molecular salt of sulfamethoxazole and amantadine hybridizing antiviral-antibacterial dual drugs with optimal in vitro/vivo pharmaceutical properties. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 163:105883. [PMID: 34022409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to exploit the advantages to the full of multidrug salification strategy in amending the pharmaceutical properties of drugs both in vitro and in vivo, and further to open up a new way for its applications in bacteria-virus mixed cross-infection drugs, a novel dual-drug crystalline molecular salt hybridizing antibacterial drug sulfamethoxazole (SFM) with antiviral ingredient amantadine (ATE), namely SFM-ATE, is successfully designed and synthesized via multidrug salification strategy oriented by proton exchange reaction. The crystal structure of the firstly obtained molecular salt is precisely identified by employing single-crystal X-ray diffraction and multiple other techniques. The results show that, in the crystal lattice of molecular salt SFM-ATE, the classical hydrogen bonds together with charge-assisted hydrogen bonds contribute to two- dimensional networks, between which the hydrophobic interaction plays an important role. The relevant in vitro/vivo pharmaceutical properties of the dual-drug molecular salt are carried out through a comparative investigation of theoretical and experimental methods. It has been found that SFM displays concurrent improvements over the bulk drug in its permeability and dissolution after forming the molecular salt, which is supported by the molecular electrostatic potential calculation and Hirshfeld surface analysis. Encouragingly, the perfected in vitro biopharmaceutical properties can effectually turn into the in vivo pharmacokinetic preponderances with the expedited peak plasma concentration, lengthened half-life and enhanced bioavailability. Better yet, the antibacterial activities of SFM from the molecular salt get stronger with enlargement in inhibition areas and reduction in values of minimum inhibitory concentrations against the tested bacterial strains. Consequently, the present contribution not only supplies an opportunity for widening applications for classical sulfa drugs via dual-drug salification strategy, but also offers an alternative approach in dealing with viral-bacterial coinfection even other complex diseases by drugs' hybridization at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yang Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy and College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Fan-Zhi Bu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy and College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Yue-Ming Yu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy and College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Niu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy and College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Yan-Tuan Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy and College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003, PR China.
| | - Cui-Wei Yan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy and College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Yong Wu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy and College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting elderly people (>60 years old) worldwide. There is no permanent cure for the disease but the symptomatic relief can be obtained by using dopamine agonists besides L-dopa therapy. The longer use of the drugs is associated with several side effects. Hence, the researchers have made a considerable attention toward the development of neuroprotective agents from plants. A number of phytochemicals have been demonstrated for their protective effects in various in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. In this context, luteolin, a flavone which is present in fruits and vegetables has been attributed to a number of pharmacological properties including neuroprotective. The present review demonstrates the bioavailability, oral absorption, and mechanism of action against PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fu C, Shi H, Chen H, Zhang K, Wang M, Qiu F. Oral Bioavailability Comparison of Artemisinin, Deoxyartemisinin, and 10-Deoxoartemisinin Based on Computer Simulations and Pharmacokinetics in Rats. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:889-899. [PMID: 33458540 PMCID: PMC7808142 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Deoxyartemisinin, a compound separated from Artemisinin annua L., shows anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities. 10-Deoxoartemisinin is a novel compound with a strong antimalarial effect derivatized from artemisinin. Compared to the famous antimalarial natural compound artemisinin, deoxyartemisinin lacks the peroxide bridge structure, while 10-deoxoartemisinin remains this special peroxide bridge group but loses the 10-position keto group. To clarify their pharmacological differences, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) properties of artemisinin, deoxyartemisinin, and 10-deoxoartemisinin were first predicted using QikProp software. Also, their pharmacokinetic behaviors in rats were further evaluated by a rapid, sensitive, and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method after oral and intravenous administration of each compound, in which deoxyartemisinin and 10-deoxoartemisinin were first evaluated for their pharmacokinetics. All parameters about ADME properties calculated by software met the criteria and the ADME performance order was 10-deoxoartemisinin > deoxyartemisinin > artemisinin. The oral bioavailability of artemisinin was calculated to be 12.2 ± 0.832%, which was about 7 times higher than that of deoxyartemisinin (1.60 ± 0.317%). For 10-deoxoartemisinin, its bioavailability (26.1 ± 7.04%) was superior to artemisinin at a degree of more than twice. Considering their chemical structures, losing the peroxide bridge might decrease the absorption rate of deoxyartemisinin in the gastrointestinal tract, while retaining the peroxide bridge but losing the 10-position ketone might improve the bioavailability of 10-deoxoartemisinin.
Collapse
|
15
|
Dharani S, Barakh Ali SF, Afrooz H, Khan MA, Rahman Z. Studying effect of glyceryl palmitostearate amount, manufacturing method and stability on polymorphic transformation and dissolution of rifaximin tablets. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119785. [PMID: 32822778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rifaximin (RFX) exhibit polymorphism and commercial formulation contains the α form. The polymorphic transformation of the RFX in the drug product have significant effect on the clinical outcome. The focus of present work was to understand effect of formulation component and manufacturing method, and exposure to stability condition on polymorphic stability and dissolution of RFX tablets. The RFX tablets containing 2.5, 5 and 10% glyceryl palmitostearate (GPS) were manufactured by direct-compression and wet-granulation followed by compression. Ethanol was used as a granulating solvent. The tablets were packed in pharmacy vials and exposed to 40 °C/75% RH for four weeks. The tablets were characterized for polymorphic form by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), assay and dissolution. Before exposure to stability condition, dissolution ranged from 78.0 ± 2.3 to 81.9 ± 3.5%, and 72.7 ± 2.0 and 75.9 ± 5.8% in directly compressed and ethanol-granulated formulations, respectively. GPS amount of 10% caused a decrease in dissolution albeit insignificant (p > 0.05). The polymorphic forms of RFX were α and γ in directly compressed and ethanol-granulated formulations, respectively. There was a decrease in dissolution rate and extent after exposure to 40 °C/75% RH in directly compressed formulations. On the other hand, only dissolution rate was affected in ethanol-granulated formulations. The dissolution ranged from 52.8 ± 2.0 to 70.0 ± 3.0% in directly compressed formulations after four weeks exposure to 40 °C/75% RH exposure. A decrease in dissolution was linked to polymorphic transformation of the drug and GPS in the formulations after exposure to stability condition. XRPD and FTIR data indicated α to β transformation in directly compressed formulations while no polymorphic change was observed in ethanol-granulated formulations. In conclusion, this study clearly showed effect of formulation and manufacturing variables, and stability exposure on the polymorphic stability and dissolution of RFX, which may have clinical ramification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Dharani
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sogra F Barakh Ali
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hamideh Afrooz
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mansoor A Khan
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ziyaur Rahman
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fonseca-Santos B, Chorilli M. The uses of resveratrol for neurological diseases treatment and insights for nanotechnology based-drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119832. [PMID: 32877730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders have been growing in recent years and are highly prevalent globally. Resveratrol (RES) is a natural product from plant sources such as grape skins. This compound has shown biological activity in many diseases, in particular, those that act on the central nervous system. The mechanism of action and the key points in neurological disorders were described and show the targeted mechanism of action. Due to the insolubility of this compound; the use of nanotechnology-based systems has been proposed for the incorporation of RES and RES-loaded nanocarriers have been designed for intranasal administration, oral or parenteral routes to deliver it to the brain. In general, these nanosystems have shown to be effective in many studies, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic assays, as well as some cell studies. The outcomes show that RES has been reported in human clinical trials for some neurological diseases, although no studies were performed in humans using nanocarriers, animal and/or cellular models have been reported to show good results regarding therapeutics on neurological diseases. Thus, the use of this nutraceutical has shown true for neurological diseases and its loading into nanocarriers displaying good results on the stability, delivery and targeting to the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Park Y, Park MH, Byeon JJ, Shin SH, Lee BI, Choi JM, Kim N, Park SJ, Park MJ, Lim JH, Shin YG. Assessment of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Profiles of SCH 58261 in Rats Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric Method. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092209. [PMID: 32397307 PMCID: PMC7248953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Amino-7-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo(4,3-e)-1,2,4-triazolo(1,5-c) pyrimidine (SCH 58261) is one of the new chemical entities that has been developed as an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist. Although SCH 58261 has been reported to be beneficial, there is little information about SCH 58261 from a drug metabolism or pharmacokinetics perspective. This study describes the metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties of SCH 58261 in order to understand its behaviors in vivo. Rats were used as the in vivo model species. First, an LC-MS/MS method was developed for the determination of SCH 58261 in rat plasma. A GastroPlus™ simulation, in vitro microsomal metabolic stability, and bile duct-cannulated studies were also performed to understand its pharmacokinetic profile. The parameter sensitivity analysis of GastroPlus™ was used to examine the factors that influence exposure when the drug is orally administered. The factors are as follows: permeability, systemic clearance, renal clearance, and liver first-pass effect. In vitro microsomal metabolic stability indicates how much the drug is metabolized. The extrapolated hepatic clearance value of SCH 58261 was 39.97 mL/min/kg, indicating that the drug is greatly affected by hepatic metabolism. In vitro microsomal metabolite identification studies revealed that metabolites produce oxidized and ketone-formed metabolites via metabolic enzymes in the liver. The bile duct-cannulated rat study, after oral administration of SCH 58261, showed that a significant amount of the drug was excreted in feces. These results imply that the drug is not absorbed well in the body after oral administration. Taken together, SCH 58261 showed quite a low bioavailability when administered orally and this was likely due to significantly limited absorption, as well as high metabolism in vivo.
Collapse
|
18
|
Nursing Students' Knowledge and Awareness of Antibiotic Use, Resistance and Stewardship: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8040203. [PMID: 31671525 PMCID: PMC6963445 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an emerging worldwide concern with serious repercussions in terms of morbi-mortality. Bearing in mind that the inadequate use of antibiotics, by healthcare staff as well as by the general population, is one of its main causes, a multidisciplinary approach is required to try to combat it. The aim of the present study was to determine nursing students’ knowledge and awareness of antibiotic use, resistance and stewardship. A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 578 nursing students from the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), ≥18 years old of both sexes were invited to complete the Spanish version of the questionnaire “Knowledge and awareness of the use, resistance and administration of antibiotics” between February and April 2019. Students had a low level of knowledge about antibiotics, 4.1 (CI95% = 3.4–4.8), especially in relation to antibiotic resistance. As the students were aware of this deficiency, the majority affirmed (>90%) that the current curriculum of nursing degree should have more training on antibiotics and infection control. Nursing staff play an important role in the rational use of antibiotics and as teachers of patients, so their training could be key in fighting antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee JS, Kim SH. Dose-Dependent Pharmacokinetics of Tofacitinib in Rats: Influence of Hepatic and Intestinal First-Pass Metabolism. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E318. [PMID: 31284540 PMCID: PMC6681021 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of tofacitinib in rats and the effects of first-pass metabolism on tofacitinib pharmacokinetics. Intravenous administration of 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg tofacitinib showed that the dose-normalized area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC) was significantly higher at 50 mg/kg than at lower doses, a difference possibly due to saturation of the hepatic metabolism of tofacitinib. Oral administration of 10, 20, 50, and 100 mg/kg tofacitinib showed that the dose-normalized AUC was significantly higher at 100 mg/kg than at lower doses, a difference possibly due to saturation of the intestinal metabolism of tofacitinib. Following oral administration of 10 mg/kg tofacitinib, the unabsorbed fraction from the rat intestine was 3.16% and the bioavailability (F) was 29.1%. The AUC was significantly lower (49.3%) after intraduodenal, compared to intraportal, administration, but did not differ between intragastric and intraduodenal administration, suggesting that approximately 46.1% of orally administered tofacitinib was metabolized through an intestinal first-pass effect. The AUC was also significantly lower (42%) after intraportal, compared to intravenous, administration, suggesting that the hepatic first-pass effect on tofacitinib after entering the portal vein was approximately 21.3% of the oral dose. Taken together, these findings suggest that the low F of tofacitinib is due primarily to intestinal first-pass metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sang Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - So Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Bioavailability is an ancient but effective terminology by which the entire therapeutic efficacy of a drug directly or indirectly relays. Despite considering general plasma bioavailability, specific organ/tissue bioavailability will pave the path to broad spectrum dose calculation. Clear knowledge and calculative vision on bioavailability can improve the research and organ-targeting phenomenon. This article comprises a detailed introduction on bioavailability along with regulatory aspects, kinetic data and novel bioformulative approaches to achieve improved organ specific bioavailability, which may not be readily related to blood plasma bioavailability.
Collapse
|
21
|
Dharani S, Barakh Ali SF, Afrooz H, Khan MA, Rahman Z. Development and Validation of a Discriminatory Dissolution Method for Rifaximin Products. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2112-2118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
22
|
Spogli R, Bastianini M, Ragonese F, Iannitti RG, Monarca L, Bastioli F, Nakashidze I, Brecchia G, Menchetti L, Codini M, Arcuri C, Mancinelli L, Fioretti B. Solid Dispersion of Resveratrol Supported on Magnesium DiHydroxide (Resv@MDH) Microparticles Improves Oral Bioavailability. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121925. [PMID: 30563110 PMCID: PMC6315708 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, because of its low solubility in water and its high membrane permeability, is collocated in the second class of the biopharmaceutical classification system, with limited bioavailability due to its dissolution rate. Solid dispersion of resveratrol supported on Magnesium DiHydroxide (Resv@MDH) was evaluated to improve solubility and increase bioavailability of resveratrol. Fluorimetric microscopy analysis displays three types of microparticles with similar size: Type 1 that emitted preferably fluorescence at 445 nm with bandwidth of 50 nm, type 2 that emitted preferably fluorescence at 605 nm with bandwidth of 70 nm and type 3 that is non-fluorescent. Micronized pure resveratrol displays only microparticles type 1 whereas type 3 are associated to pure magnesium dihydroxide. Dissolution test in simulated gastric environment resveratrol derived from Resv@MDH in comparison to resveratrol alone displayed better solubility. A 3-fold increase of resveratrol bioavailability was observed after oral administration of 50 mg/kg of resveratrol from Resv@MDH in rabbits. We hypothesize that type 2 microparticles represent magnesium dihydroxide microparticles with a resveratrol shell and that they are responsible for the improved resveratrol solubility and bioavailability of Resv@MDH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Spogli
- Prolabin & Tefarm, Spin-Off Un. of University of Perugia, Via Dell'Acciaio 9, Ponte Felcino, 06134 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Maria Bastianini
- Prolabin & Tefarm, Spin-Off Un. of University of Perugia, Via Dell'Acciaio 9, Ponte Felcino, 06134 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Francesco Ragonese
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | | | - Lorenzo Monarca
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Federica Bastioli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Irina Nakashidze
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Health Care, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, 6010 Batumi, Georgia.
| | - Gabriele Brecchia
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Laura Menchetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Cataldo Arcuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Loretta Mancinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Bernard Fioretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hatton GB, Madla CM, Rabbie SC, Basit AW. All disease begins in the gut: Influence of gastrointestinal disorders and surgery on oral drug performance. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:408-422. [PMID: 29969711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The term "disease" conjures a plethora of graphic imagery for many, and the use of drugs to combat symptoms and treat underlying pathology is at the core of modern medicine. However, the effects of the various gastrointestinal diseases, infections, co-morbidities and the impact of gastrointestinal surgery on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviour of drugs have been largely overlooked. The better elucidation of disease pathology and the role of underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms have increased our knowledge as far as diagnoses and prognoses are concerned. In addition, the recent advances in our understanding of the intestinal microbiome have linked the composition and function of gut microbiota to disease predisposition and development. This knowledge, however, applies less so in the context of drug absorption and distribution for orally administered dosage forms. Here, we revisit and re-evaluate the influence of a portfolio of gastrointestinal diseases and surgical effects on the functionality of the gastrointestinal tract, their implications for drug delivery and attempt to uncover significant links for clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace B Hatton
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Christine M Madla
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Sarit C Rabbie
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Alqahtani S, Bukhari I, Albassam A, Alenazi M. An update on the potential role of intestinal first-pass metabolism for the prediction of drug–drug interactions: the role of PBPK modeling. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:625-634. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1482277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Unit, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishfaq Bukhari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Albassam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alenazi
- Pharmacy Department, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
El-Kattan AF, Varma MVS. Navigating Transporter Sciences in Pharmacokinetics Characterization Using the Extended Clearance Classification System. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:729-739. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.080044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
26
|
Elhennawy MG, Lin HS. Determination of Tangeretin in Rat Plasma: Assessment of Its Clearance and Absolute Oral Bioavailability. Pharmaceutics 2017; 10:pharmaceutics10010003. [PMID: 29286295 PMCID: PMC5874816 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tangeretin (TAN) is a dietary polymethoxylated flavone that possesses a broad scope of pharmacological activities. A simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated in this study to quantify TAN in plasma of Sprague-Dawley rats. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 15 ng/mL; the intra- and inter-day assay variations expressed in the form of relative standard deviation (RSD) were all less than 10%; and the assay accuracy was within 100 ± 15%. Subsequently, pharmacokinetic profiles of TAN were explored and established. Upon single intravenous administration (10 mg/kg), TAN had rapid clearance (Cl = 94.1 ± 20.2 mL/min/kg) and moderate terminal elimination half-life (t1/2 λz = 166 ± 42 min). When TAN was given as a suspension (50 mg/kg), poor but erratic absolute oral bioavailability (mean value < 3.05%) was observed; however, when TAN was given in a solution prepared with randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin (50 mg/kg), its plasma exposure was at least doubled (mean bioavailability: 6.02%). It was obvious that aqueous solubility hindered the oral absorption of TAN and acted as a barrier to its oral bioavailability. This study will facilitate further investigations on the medicinal potentials of TAN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Gamal Elhennawy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Hai-Shu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yau E, Petersson C, Dolgos H, Peters SA. A comparative evaluation of models to predict human intestinal metabolism from nonclinical data. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2017; 38:163-186. [PMID: 28152562 PMCID: PMC5412686 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extensive gut metabolism is often associated with the risk of low and variable bioavailability. The prediction of the fraction of drug escaping gut wall metabolism as well as transporter-mediated secretion (Fg ) has been challenged by the lack of appropriate preclinical models. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of models that are widely employed in the pharmaceutical industry today to estimate Fg and, based on the outcome, to provide recommendations for the prediction of human Fg during drug discovery and early drug development. The use of in vitro intrinsic clearance from human liver microsomes (HLM) in three mechanistic models - the ADAM, Qgut and Competing Rates - was evaluated for drugs whose metabolism is dominated by CYP450s, assuming that the effect of transporters is negligible. The utility of rat as a model for human Fg was also explored. The ADAM, Qgut and Competing Rates models had comparable prediction success (70%, 74%, 69%, respectively) and bias (AFE = 1.26, 0.74 and 0.81, respectively). However, the ADAM model showed better accuracy compared with the Qgut and Competing Rates models (RMSE =0.20 vs 0.30 and 0.25, respectively). Rat is not a good model (prediction success =32%, RMSE =0.48 and AFE = 0.44) as it seems systematically to under-predict human Fg . Hence, we would recommend the use of rat to identify the need for Fg assessment, followed by the use of HLM in simple models to predict human Fg . © 2017 Merck KGaA. Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Yau
- Global Early Development/Quantitative Pharmacology and Drug Disposition (QPD), Merck, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Carl Petersson
- Global Early Development/Quantitative Pharmacology and Drug Disposition (QPD), Merck, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hugues Dolgos
- Global Early Development/Quantitative Pharmacology and Drug Disposition (QPD), Merck, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sheila Annie Peters
- Global Early Development/Quantitative Pharmacology and Drug Disposition (QPD), Merck, Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Predicting Oral Drug Absorption: Mini Review on Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Models. Pharmaceutics 2017; 9:pharmaceutics9040041. [PMID: 28954416 PMCID: PMC5750647 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics9040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Most marketed drugs are administered orally, despite the complex process of oral absorption that is difficult to predict. Oral bioavailability is dependent on the interplay between many processes that are dependent on both compound and physiological properties. Because of this complexity, computational oral physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have emerged as a tool to integrate these factors in an attempt to mechanistically capture the process of oral absorption. These models use inputs from in vitro assays to predict the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs in the human body. The most common oral PBPK models are compartmental approaches, in which the gastrointestinal tract is characterized as a series of compartments through which the drug transits. The focus of this review is on the development of oral absorption PBPK models, followed by a brief discussion of the major applications of oral PBPK models in the pharmaceutical industry.
Collapse
|
29
|
Al Shaker HA, Qinna NA, Badr M, Al Omari MM, Idkaidek N, Matalka KZ, Badwan AA. Glucosamine modulates propranolol pharmacokinetics via intestinal permeability in rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 105:137-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
30
|
Molecular properties associated with transporter-mediated drug disposition. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 116:92-99. [PMID: 28554577 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transporters play a key role in the absorption, distribution, clearance, elimination, and transport of drugs. Understanding the drug properties and structure activity relationships (SAR) for affinity to membrane transporters is critical to optimize clearance and pharmacokinetics during drug design. To facilitate the early identification of clearance mechanism, a framework named the extended clearance classification system (ECCS) was recently introduced. Using in vitro and physicochemical properties that are readily available in early drug discovery, ECCS has been successfully applied to identify major clearance mechanism and to implicate the role of membrane transporters in determining pharmacokinetics. While the crystal structures for most of the drug transporters are currently not available, ligand-based modeling approaches that use information obtained from the structure and molecular properties of the ligands have been applied to associate the drug-related properties and transporter-mediated disposition. The approach allows prospective prediction of transporter both substrate and/or inhibitor affinity and build quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) to enable early optimization of pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and drug-drug interaction risk. Drug design applications can be further improved through uncovering transporter protein crystal structure and generation of quality data to refine and develop viable predictive models.
Collapse
|
31
|
Elhennawy MG, Lin HS. Quantification of apigenin trimethyl ether in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Application to a pre-clinical pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 142:35-41. [PMID: 28494337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin trimethyl ether (5,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone, ATE) is a naturally occurring polymethoxyflavone with a wide range of health-promoting activities. In this study, a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of ATE in rat plasma. Protein precipitation was applied as plasma clean-up procedure; the electrospray ionization was operated in its positive ion mode while ATE and formononetin (internal standard) were measured by multiple reactions monitoring (ATE: m/z 313.1→298.1; formononetin: 269.2→213.3). This LC-MS/MS method displayed good selectivity, sensitivity (lower limit of quantification=2.5ng/ml), accuracy (both intra- and inter-day analytical recovery within 100±10%) and precision (both intra- and inter-day RSD <10%). The matrix effect was found to be insignificant. The pharmacokinetic profiles of ATE were subsequently examined in Sprague-Dawley rats after single oral administration (10mg/kg). When given in an aqueous suspension, ATE was slowly absorbed with quite low plasma exposure (AUC). Fasting further attenuated its oral absorption and led to ∼70% drops in average maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) and AUC. When dosed in a solution formulated with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, the oral absorption of ATE was substantially improved with ∼500% increases in average Cmax and AUC. Clearly, aqueous solubility has been identified as a barrier to the oral absorption of ATE. The information obtained from this study will facilitate further medicinal exploration on ATE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Gamal Elhennawy
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, 119260, Singapore
| | - Hai-Shu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, 119260, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kalita B, Das MK, Sarma M, Deka A. Sustained Anti-inflammatory Effect of Resveratrol-Phospholipid Complex Embedded Polymeric Patch. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:629-645. [PMID: 27173988 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol-phospholipid complex (Phytosome®) (RSVP) was found better aqueous soluble and permeable than free resveratrol (RSV). RSVPs were incorporated in polymeric patch prepared by solvent casting method using Eudragit RL 100, PVP K30, and PEG 400 for application on dermal sites for sustained treating of inflammation. Prepared patches were evaluated for various physicochemical properties, surface morphology by SEM, TEM, and compatibility of patch components by FT-IR and DSC studies. Optimized formulation (F9) gave 95.79 ± 3.02% drug release and 51.36% (4.28 ± 0.48 mg/cm2) skin permeation after 24 h. Skin extract when examined for drug accumulation showed 38.31 ± 2.42% drug content. FE-SEM images of the patch taken after drug release and skin permeation studies showed that RSVPs in polymeric patch are stable and retain their structure after 24 h long exposure to physiologic environment. Sustained anti-inflammatory effect was established in carrageenan-induced paw edema model in which test formulation gave 84.10% inhibition of inflammation at 24 h as compared to 39.58% for standard diclofenac sodium gel. The CLSM study confirmed the localization of RSVPs for a longer period, thus enabling drug targeting to the dermis for sustained effect. Skin irritation test on rabbit revealed that the patches are safe for skin application. Histological observations suggested that after exposure to the permeants, the SC integrity had not altered and no evidence of presence of inflammatory cells found. RSVP (Phytosome®) containing patches abled to give sustained therapeutic effect that may be useful in treating acute and chronic inflammation.
Collapse
|
33
|
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of an oral multiple-unit formulation for colonic delivery of insulin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 108:76-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
34
|
Biological voyage of solid lipid nanoparticles: a proficient carrier in nanomedicine. Ther Deliv 2016; 7:691-709. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2016-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review projects the prospects and issues faced by solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in current scenarios, specially related to its clinical implementation and effectiveness. We re-examine the basic concept of biobehavior and movement of SLNs as a nanomedicine carrier. The extensive survey of the uptake and absorption mechanism from different routes, distribution pattern, targeting efficiency, effect of surface functionalization on biodistribution, elimination pathways and toxic effects have been documented. In general, the objective of this review is to boost our knowledge about the interaction of SLNs with the bioenvironment, their movement in, and effect on, a living system and future prospects.
Collapse
|
35
|
Nanocarriers based delivery of nutraceuticals for cancer prevention and treatment: A review of recent research developments. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
36
|
Joubert R, Steyn JD, Heystek HJ, Steenekamp JH, Du Preez JL, Hamman JH. In vitro oral drug permeation models: the importance of taking physiological and physico-chemical factors into consideration. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:179-187. [PMID: 27397695 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1211639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The assessment of intestinal membrane permeability properties of new chemical entities is a crucial step in the drug discovery and development process and a variety of in vitro models, methods and techniques are available to estimate the extent of oral drug absorption in humans. However, variations in certain physiological and physico-chemical factors are often not reflected in the results and the complex dynamic interplay between these factors is sometimes oversimplified with in vitro models. Areas covered: In vitro models to evaluate drug pharmacokinetics are briefly outlined, while both physiological and physico-chemical factors that may have an influence on these techniques are critically reviewed. The shortcomings identified for some of the in vitro techniques are discussed in conjunction with novel ways to improve and thereby overcome some challenges. Expert opinion: Although conventional in vitro methods and theories are used as basic guidelines to predict drug absorption, critical evaluations have identified some shortcomings. Advancements in technology have made it possible to investigate and understand the role of physiological and physico-chemical factors in drug delivery more clearly, which can be used to improve and refine the techniques to more closely mimic the in vivo environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Joubert
- a Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Johan Dewald Steyn
- a Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Hendrik Jacobus Heystek
- a Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Jan Harm Steenekamp
- a Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Jan Lourens Du Preez
- a Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Josias Hendrik Hamman
- a Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Koziolek M, Grimm M, Schneider F, Jedamzik P, Sager M, Kühn JP, Siegmund W, Weitschies W. Navigating the human gastrointestinal tract for oral drug delivery: Uncharted waters and new frontiers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 101:75-88. [PMID: 27037063 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many concepts of oral drug delivery are based on our comprehension of human gastrointestinal physiology. Unfortunately, we tend to oversimplify the complex interplay between the various physiological factors in the human gut and, in particular, the dynamics of these transit conditions to which oral dosage forms are exposed. Recent advances in spatial and temporal resolution of medical instrumentation as well as improved access to these technologies have facilitated clinical trials to characterize the dynamic processes within the human gastrointestinal tract. These studies have shown that highly relevant parameters such as fluid volumes, dosage form movement, and pH values in the lumen of the upper GI tract are very dynamic. As a result of these new insights into the human gastrointestinal environment, some common concepts and ideas of oral drug delivery are no longer valid and have to be reviewed in order to ensure efficacy and safety of oral drug therapy.
Collapse
|
38
|
Bhattacharya I, Tarabar S, Liang Y, Pradhan V, Owens J, Oemar B. Safety, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation After Single and Multiple Ascending Doses of a Novel Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator in Healthy Subjects. Clin Ther 2016; 38:1401-1416. [PMID: 27085586 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tolerability, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of single ascending doses (SADs) and multiple ascending doses (MADs) of PF-06260414, a novel selective androgen receptor modulator, were assessed after oral administration in healthy subjects. METHODS Range of SAD and MAD levels tested were 1 to 400 mg and 3 to 100 mg BID, respectively (n = 8 per cohort). In addition, a 60-mg once-daily (n = 8) cohort and a Japanese cohort receiving 30 mg BID (n = 7) also received PF-06260414. Plasma was collected to study PK properties and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis hormones. Tolerability was evaluated from adverse events (AEs), physical examinations, vital signs, ECGs, and clinical laboratory results. FINDINGS PF-06260414 was well tolerated with no serious AEs. The most frequently reported AEs were increase in alanine aminotransferase and headache, which were reported by 7 and 3 subjects, respectively. PF-06260414 had fast absorption (median Tmax, approximately 1-2 hours), a mean t½ of approximately 6.9 to 12.8 hours, time-independent PK properties and dose proportionality. Cmax and AUCτ geometric means in Japanese subjects were 98.6% and 79.5% higher than in Western subjects, respectively, but had similar HPG axis modulation. Changes in HPG axis hormones monitored in SADs were similar to placebo. Maximum placebo-corrected modulations were observed for total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in the MAD 100-mg BID regimen. IMPLICATIONS This study was the first to compare a number of different factors of PF-06260414, including tolerability, PK and PD properties, and ethnic differences between Japanese and Western healthy subjects. PF-06260414 had favorable PK properties and found that sex hormone-binding globulin, total testosterone, and HDL were most sensitive to modulation. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02070939.
Collapse
|
39
|
Jones CR, Hatley OJD, Ungell AL, Hilgendorf C, Peters SA, Rostami-Hodjegan A. Gut Wall Metabolism. Application of Pre-Clinical Models for the Prediction of Human Drug Absorption and First-Pass Elimination. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:589-604. [PMID: 26964996 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying the multiple processes which control and modulate the extent of oral bioavailability for drug candidates is critical to accurate projection of human pharmacokinetics (PK). Understanding how gut wall metabolism and hepatic elimination factor into first-pass clearance of drugs has improved enormously. Typically, the cytochrome P450s, uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases and sulfotransferases, are the main enzyme classes responsible for drug metabolism. Knowledge of the isoforms functionally expressed within organs of first-pass clearance, their anatomical topology (e.g. zonal distribution), protein homology and relative abundances and how these differ across species is important for building models of human metabolic extraction. The focus of this manuscript is to explore the parameters influencing bioavailability and to consider how well these are predicted in human from animal models or from in vitro to in vivo extrapolation. A unique retrospective analysis of three AstraZeneca molecules progressed to first in human PK studies is used to highlight the impact that species differences in gut wall metabolism can have on predicted human PK. Compared to the liver, pharmaceutical research has further to go in terms of adopting a common approach for characterisation and quantitative prediction of intestinal metabolism. A broad strategy is needed to integrate assessment of intestinal metabolism in the context of typical DMPK activities ongoing within drug discovery programmes up until candidate drug nomination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Jones
- Oncology Innovative Medicines DMPK, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Cheshire, UK. .,Heptares Therapeutics Ltd, BioPark Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, AL73AX, UK.
| | - Oliver J D Hatley
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Blades Enterprise Centre, John Street, Sheffield, S2 4SU, UK
| | - Anna-Lena Ungell
- CVMD Innovative Medicines DMPK, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden.,Investigative ADME, Non Clinical Development, UCB New Medicines, BioPharma SPRL, Chemin de Foriest, B-1420, Braine A'lleud, Belgium
| | | | - Sheila Annie Peters
- Modelling and Simulation, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Innovative Medicines DMPK, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Amin Rostami-Hodjegan
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Manchester School of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
McClements DJ, Zou L, Zhang R, Salvia-Trujillo L, Kumosani T, Xiao H. Enhancing Nutraceutical Performance Using Excipient Foods: Designing Food Structures and Compositions to Increase Bioavailability. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Julian McClements
- Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory, Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst Mass 01003 U.S.A
- Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group and Experimental Biochemistry Unit; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Univ; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Liqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang Univ; Nanchang, No. 235 Nanjing East Road Nanchang 330047 Jiangxi China
| | - Ruojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang Univ; Nanchang, No. 235 Nanjing East Road Nanchang 330047 Jiangxi China
| | - Laura Salvia-Trujillo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang Univ; Nanchang, No. 235 Nanjing East Road Nanchang 330047 Jiangxi China
| | - Taha Kumosani
- Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group and Experimental Biochemistry Unit; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Univ; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Hang Xiao
- Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory, Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst Mass 01003 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hatton GB, Yadav V, Basit AW, Merchant HA. Animal Farm: Considerations in Animal Gastrointestinal Physiology and Relevance to Drug Delivery in Humans. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:2747-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
42
|
Li Y, Zhou G, Xing S, Tu P, Li X. Identification of Echinacoside Metabolites Produced by Human Intestinal Bacteria Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6764-71. [PMID: 26186273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Echinacoside (ECH) is one of the representative phenylethanoid glycosides. It is widely present in plants and exhibits various bioactivities. However, the extremely low oral bioavailability of ECH in rats implies that ECH may go through multiple hydrolysis steps in the gastrointestinal tract prior to its absorption into the blood. Therefore, the gastrointestinal metabolites of ECH are more likely to be the bioactive components. This study established an approach combining ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) with MS(E) technology and MetaboLynx software for rapid analysis of the ECH metabolic profile produced by human intestinal bacteria. As a result, 13 ECH metabolites and 5 possible metabolic pathways (including deglycosylation, dehydroxylation, reduction, hydroxylation, and acetylation) were identified. Furthermore, hydroxytyrosol (HT) and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (3-HPP) were found to be the two bioactive metabolites of ECH produced by human intestinal bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- †School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Guisheng Zhou
- †School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Xing
- †School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- §State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- †School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yeo SCM, Sviripa VM, Huang M, Kril L, Watt DS, Liu C, Lin HS. Analysis of trans-2,6-difluoro-4'-(N,N-dimethylamino)stilbene (DFS) in biological samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: metabolite identification and pharmacokinetics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:7319-32. [PMID: 26229026 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8893-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of a promising antineoplastic agent, trans-2,6-difluoro-4'-(N,N-dimethylamino)stilbene (DFS), was studied in mouse, rat, and human liver microsomes using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with the multiple reaction monitoring-information-dependent acquisition-enhanced product ion scan (MRM-IDA-EPI) method. Ten putative metabolites were identified and the structures of four metabolites were confirmed using authentic standards. Since trans-2,6-difluoro-4'-(N-methylamino)stilbene (DMDFS, M1) was present in all species as metabolite and displayed in vitro growth inhibition superior to DFS, its pharmacokinetic profiles were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats using DFS as a comparator. A reliable LC-MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method was subsequently developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of both DFS and DMDFS in rat plasma for this purpose. Upon intravenous administration (4 mg/kg), DFS had a moderate clearance (Cl = 62.7 ± 23.2 mL/min/kg), terminal elimination half-life (t 1/2 λZ = 299 ± 73 min), and mean transit time (MTT = 123 ± 14 min) with demethylation metabolism accounting for about 10 % of its total clearance. DMDFS possessed an intravenous pharmacokinetic profile similar to DFS. During oral dosing (10 mg/kg) where both DFS and DMDFS were absorbed rapidly, the oral bioavailability of DFS was approximately 2-fold greater than that of DMDFS (DFS: F = 42.1 ± 12.8 %; DMDFS: F = 18.7 ± 3.9 %). Interestingly, the DMDFS exposure after oral dosing of DFS (10 mg/kg) was comparable to that after oral administration of DMDFS (10 mg/kg) alone. As DFS displayed potent anticancer activities and excellent pharmacokinetic profiles, it appears to be a favorable candidate for further pharmaceutical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Chao Ming Yeo
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Vitaliy M Sviripa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0509, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0509, USA
| | - Meng Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Liliia Kril
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0509, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0509, USA
| | - David S Watt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0509, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0509, USA.,Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0093, USA
| | - Chunming Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0509, USA.,Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0093, USA
| | - Hai-Shu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
McClements DJ, Li F, Xiao H. The Nutraceutical Bioavailability Classification Scheme: Classifying Nutraceuticals According to Factors Limiting their Oral Bioavailability. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2015; 6:299-327. [PMID: 25705933 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032814-014043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The oral bioavailability of a health-promoting dietary component (nutraceutical) may be limited by various physicochemical and physiological phenomena: liberation from food matrices, solubility in gastrointestinal fluids, interaction with gastrointestinal components, chemical degradation or metabolism, and epithelium cell permeability. Nutraceutical bioavailability can therefore be improved by designing food matrices that control their bioaccessibility (B*), absorption (A*), and transformation (T*) within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This article reviews the major factors influencing the gastrointestinal fate of nutraceuticals, and then uses this information to develop a new scheme to classify the major factors limiting nutraceutical bioavailability: the nutraceutical bioavailability classification scheme (NuBACS). This new scheme is analogous to the biopharmaceutical classification scheme (BCS) used by the pharmaceutical industry to classify drug bioavailability, but it contains additional factors important for understanding nutraceutical bioavailability in foods. The article also highlights potential strategies for increasing the oral bioavailability of nutraceuticals based on their NuBACS designation (B*A*T*).
Collapse
|
45
|
Xing S, Peng Y, Wang M, Chen D, Li X. In vitro human fecal microbial metabolism of Forsythoside A and biological activities of its metabolites. Fitoterapia 2014; 99:159-65. [PMID: 25281775 PMCID: PMC7126381 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the metabolism of Forsythoside A (FTA) by human fecal bacteria to clarify the relationship between its intestinal metabolism and its pharmacological activities. FTA was incubated with human fecal microflora in vitro to investigate its metabolic process, and highly sensitive and specific ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was performed using MetaboLynx software for metabolite analysis. Caffeic acid (CA) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) were obtained by hydrolysis of FTA, and CA was further hydrogenated to form 3,4-dihydroxybenzenepropionic acid (DCA). The anticomplementary, antimicrobial and antiendotoxin activities of FTA and its metabolites by human fecal microflora were evaluated in vitro with a hemolysis assay, the agar disc-diffusion method, the MIC value and the gel clot LAL assay, respectively. The metabolites showed higher biological activity than FTA, especially HT and DCA. Orally administered FTA may be metabolized to HT and DCA, and the pharmacological effects of FTA may be dependent on intestinal bacterial metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Daofeng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sjögren E, Abrahamsson B, Augustijns P, Becker D, Bolger MB, Brewster M, Brouwers J, Flanagan T, Harwood M, Heinen C, Holm R, Juretschke HP, Kubbinga M, Lindahl A, Lukacova V, Münster U, Neuhoff S, Nguyen MA, Peer AV, Reppas C, Hodjegan AR, Tannergren C, Weitschies W, Wilson C, Zane P, Lennernäs H, Langguth P. In vivo methods for drug absorption – Comparative physiologies, model selection, correlations with in vitro methods (IVIVC), and applications for formulation/API/excipient characterization including food effects. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 57:99-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
47
|
Blandizzi C, Viscomi GC, Marzo A, Scarpignato C. Is generic rifaximin still a poorly absorbed antibiotic? A comparison of branded and generic formulations in healthy volunteers. Pharmacol Res 2014; 85:39-44. [PMID: 24836868 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rifaximin is an antibiotic, locally acting in the gastrointestinal tract, which may exist in different crystal as well as amorphous forms. The branded rifaximin formulation contains the polymorph rifaximin-α, whose systemic bioavailability is very limited. This study was performed to compare the pharmacokinetics of this formulation with that of a generic product, whose composition in terms of solid state forms of the active pharmaceutical ingredient was found to be different. Two tablets (2×200mg) of branded and generic formulations were given to 24 healthy volunteers of either sex, according to a single-blind, randomized, two-treatment, single-dose, two-period, cross-over design. Plasma and urinary samples were collected at preset times (for 24h or 48h, respectively) after dosing, and assayed for rifaximin concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Rifaximin plasma and urine concentration-time profiles showed relevant differences when generic and branded rifaximin were compared. Most pharmacokinetic parameters were significantly higher after administration of generic rifaximin than after rifaximin-α. In particular, the differences for Cmax, AUC and cumulative urinary excretion between the generic formulation and the branded product ranged from 165% to 345%. The few adverse events recorded were not serious and not related to study medications. The results of the present investigation demonstrate different systemic bioavailability of generic and branded formulations of rifaximin. As a consequence, the therapeutic results obtained with rifaximin-α should not be translated sic et simpliciter to the generic formulations of rifaximin, which do not claim containing only rifaximin-α and will display significantly higher systemic absorption in both health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Blandizzi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Claudio Viscomi
- Research and Development Division, Alfa Wassermann Pharmaceuticals, Via Ragazzi del' 99 5, 40133 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Antonio Marzo
- Institute for Pharmacokinetic and Analytical Studies SA, Via Mastri 36, 6853 Ligornetto, Switzerland.
| | - Carmelo Scarpignato
- Clinical Pharmacology and Digestive Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Cattani Pavillon, Maggiore University Hospital, Viale Gramsci 14, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
McClements DJ, Xiao H. Excipient foods: designing food matrices that improve the oral bioavailability of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Food Funct 2014; 5:1320-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The oral bioavailability of many lipophilic bioactive agents (pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals) is limited due to various physicochemical and physiological processes. Excipient foods can be designed to improve the oral bioavailability of these bioactive agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Julian McClements
- Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Amherst, USA
- Department of Biochemistry
| | - Hang Xiao
- Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Amherst, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang K, Li L, Song Y, Ye X, Fu S, Jiang J, Li S. Improvement of pharmacokinetics behavior of apocynin by nitrone derivatization: comparative pharmacokinetics of nitrone-apocynin and its parent apocynin in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70189. [PMID: 23936162 PMCID: PMC3728092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apocynin, a potent inhibitor of NADPH-oxidase, was widely studied for activities in diseases such as inflammation-mediated disorders, asthma and cardiovascular diseases. In our recent study, a novel nitrone derivative of apocynin, AN-1, demonstrated potent inhibition to oxidative injury and to high expression of gp91phox subunit of NADPH-oxidase induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, and displayed promising preclinical protective effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in rats. In this work, the pharmacokinetic behaviors of AN-1 in Sprague-Dawley rats with single intravenous and intragastric doses were investigated for further development. Furthermore, apocynin’s pharmacokinetics remain lacking, even though its pharmacological action has been extensively evaluated. The pharmacokinetics of parent apocynin were also comparatively characterized. A simple HPLC method was developed and validated to determine both AN-1 and apocynin in rat plasma. The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent HC-C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 µm) at an isocratic flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, with the mobile phase of methanol and water (53∶47, v/v) and the UV detection set at 279 nm. Good linearity was established over the concentration range of 0.1–500 µg/mL for AN-1 and 0.2–100 µg/mL for apocynin. The absolute recovery, precision and accuracy were satisfactory. Compared with the parent compound apocynin, AN-1 yielded a much longer T1/2 (AN-1 179.8 min, apocynin 6.1 min) and higher AUC0–t (AN-1 61.89 mmol/L·min, apocynin 2.49 mmol/L·min) after equimolar intravenous dosing (0.302 mmol/kg). The absolute bioavailability of oral AN-1 was 78%, but that of apocynin was only 2.8%. The significant improvement of pharmacokinetic behavior might be accounted for the effective pharmacodynamic results we documented for the novel nitrone derivative AN-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaocui Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaolian Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, The People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (JJ); (SL)
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, The People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (JJ); (SL)
| |
Collapse
|