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Jin YH, Lee J, Kim J, Sohn JH. Palladium-Catalyzed/Copper-Mediated Decarbonylative Cross-Coupling of S-Pyrimidyl Thioesters for Biaryl Synthesis. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9800-9809. [PMID: 38940361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed/copper-mediated cross-coupling of S-pyrimidinyl thioesters with arylboronic acids to yield biaryls is described. The reaction is likely to proceed via cleavage of the S-C(O) bond and subsequent release of CO, rather than via cleavage of the S-C(pyrimidine) bond and release of SCO, as supported by the results of both experimental and computational studies. The investigation of the reaction scope with various S-pyrimidinyl thioesters and arylboronic acids showed that the reaction is significantly affected by the substituent of the thioester and the presence of a chelatable ortho substituent was found to increase reaction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hwa Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hun Sohn
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Tsutsumi N, Masoumi Z, James SC, Tucker JA, Winkelmann H, Grey W, Picton LK, Moss L, Wilson SC, Caveney NA, Jude KM, Gati C, Piehler J, Hitchcock IS, Garcia KC. Structure of the thrombopoietin-MPL receptor complex is a blueprint for biasing hematopoiesis. Cell 2023; 186:4189-4203.e22. [PMID: 37633268 PMCID: PMC10528194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Thrombopoietin (THPO or TPO) is an essential cytokine for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance and megakaryocyte differentiation. Here, we report the 3.4 Å resolution cryoelectron microscopy structure of the extracellular TPO-TPO receptor (TpoR or MPL) signaling complex, revealing the basis for homodimeric MPL activation and providing a structural rationalization for genetic loss-of-function thrombocytopenia mutations. The structure guided the engineering of TPO variants (TPOmod) with a spectrum of signaling activities, from neutral antagonists to partial- and super-agonists. Partial agonist TPOmod decoupled JAK/STAT from ERK/AKT/CREB activation, driving a bias for megakaryopoiesis and platelet production without causing significant HSC expansion in mice and showing superior maintenance of human HSCs in vitro. These data demonstrate the functional uncoupling of the two primary roles of TPO, highlighting the potential utility of TPOmod in hematology research and clinical HSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotaka Tsutsumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Zahra Masoumi
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Sophie C James
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Julie A Tucker
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Hauke Winkelmann
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - William Grey
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Lora K Picton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lucie Moss
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Steven C Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nathanael A Caveney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin M Jude
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cornelius Gati
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biosciences Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ian S Hitchcock
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Shen N, Qiao J, Jiang Y, Yin H, Li M, Zhu S, Li J. Safety of non‑peptide thrombopoietin receptor agonists in patients with immune thrombocytopenia: A systematic review and meta‑analysis of short‑term double‑blind randomized clinical trials. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:393. [PMID: 37456173 PMCID: PMC10347292 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the safety of non-peptide thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) treatment. All studies reporting adverse events (AEs) in relation to ITP treatment with eltrombopag, avatrombopag, and hetrombopag were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. RevMan 5.4.1 was used for meta-analysis, heterogeneity and bias analyses. A total of 1,078 patients from seven eligible studies were enrolled. In the enrolled clinical trials, the double-blind period was between 6 weeks and 6 months. The results revealed that the chances of any AEs [relative risk (RR)=1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.90-1.51; I2=78%; P=0.26], grade 3/4 AEs (RR=1.07; 95% CI, 0.63-1.80; I2=0%; P=0.81), elevated transaminase levels (RR=1.09; 95% CI, 0.68-1.74; I2=0%; P=0.72), thrombosis (RR=1.92; 95% CI, 0.55-6.66; I2=0%; P=0.31) and cataracts (RR=0.83; 95% CI, 0.38-1.83; I2=0%; P=0.65) were not significantly higher in patients with ITP that received non-peptide TPO-RAs compared with patients with ITP treated with a placebo. The present study indicated that non-peptide TPO-RAs were relatively safe for patients with ITP, at least within 6 months of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Suqian Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
- Department of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Jibing Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Suqian Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Yazhou Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Suqian Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Hanjun Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Suqian Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Suyue Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Suqian Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Jianqin Li
- Department of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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Verteporfin is a Substrate-Selective γ-Secretase Inhibitor that Binds the Amyloid Precursor Protein Transmembrane Domain. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101792. [PMID: 35247387 PMCID: PMC8968665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports substrate-selective inhibition of a protease with broad substrate specificity based on direct binding of a small molecule inhibitor to the substrate. The target for these studies was γ-secretase protease, which cleaves dozens of different single span membrane protein substrates, including both the C99 domain of the human amyloid precursor protein and the Notch receptor. Substrate-specific inhibition of C99 cleavage is desirable to reduce production of the amyloid-β polypeptide without inhibiting Notch cleavage, a major source of toxicity associated with broad specificity γ-secretase inhibitors. In order to identify a C99-selective inhibitors of the human γ-secretase, we conducted an NMR-based screen of FDA-approved drugs against C99 in model membranes. From this screen, we identified the small molecule verteporfin with these properties. We observed that verteporfin formed a direct 1:1 complex with C99, with a KD of 15-47 μM (depending on the membrane mimetic used), and that it did not bind the transmembrane domain of the Notch-1 receptor. Biochemical assays showed that direct binding of verteporfin to C99 inhibits γ-secretase cleavage of C99 with IC50 values in the range of 15- 164 μM, while Notch-1 cleavage was inhibited only at higher concentrations, and likely via a mechanism that does not involve binding to Notch-1. This work documents a robust NMR-based approach to discovery of small molecule binders to single-span membrane proteins and confirmed that it is possible to inhibit γ-secretase in a substrate-specific manner.
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Eltrombopag for the treatment of refractory thrombocytopenia associated with connective tissue disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5459. [PMID: 33750817 PMCID: PMC7943759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the efficacy and safety of eltrombopag in connective tissue disease (CTD)-immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), we conducted this single-center retrospective observational study, including patients with refractory CTD-ITP who were treated with eltrombopag between January 2018 and August 2019. The characteristics of patients at baseline, and the efficacy and safety of the drug were analyzed. The predictors for a response were analyzed using a univariate analysis such as Chi-square or nonparametric test and a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) method. A total of 15 patients with refractory CTD-ITP were included in the study. Their median age at the time of inclusion was 40.6 years. The median platelet count at initiation of eltrombopag was 11.53 × 109/L. The median remission time was 3.42 weeks. The complete remission (CR) and overall response rate decreased with time. The factors that associated with response to eltrombopag in patients with CTD-ITP were protopathy, WBC counts, levels of hemoglobin, and characteristics of bone marrow findings in univariate analysis. In addition, MCA indicated that a poor response to eltrombopag in patients with refractory CTD-ITP was closely associated with a protopathy with SS, medium to severe degree of anemia, leukopenia, and bone marrow aspiration showing aplastic anemia, an absence of megakaryocytes or macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). In conclusion, eltrombopag was effective and well-tolerated in patients with CTD-associated thrombocytopenia. Some factors should be considered in the use of eltrombopag, including the protopathy, blood test, and bone marrow histology.
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Zhu Y, Yang L, Xu J, Yang X, Luan P, Cui Q, Zhang P, Wang F, Li R, Ding X, Jiang L, Lin G, Zhang J. Discovery of the anti-angiogenesis effect of eltrombopag in breast cancer through targeting of HuR protein. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1414-1425. [PMID: 32963940 PMCID: PMC7488360 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
HuR (human antigen R), an mRNA-binding protein responsible for poor prognosis in nearly all kinds of malignancies, is a potential anti-tumor target for drug development. While screening HuR inhibitors with a fluorescence polarization (FP) based high-throughput screening (HTS) system, the clinically used drug eltrombopag was identified. Activity of eltrombopag on molecular level was verified with FP, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), simulation docking and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Further, we showed that eltrombopag inhibited in vitro cell proliferation of multiple cancer cell lines and macrophages, and the in vivo anti-tumor activity was also demonstrated in a 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model. The in vivo data showed that eltrombopag was efficient in reducing microvessels in tumor tissues. We then confirmed the HuR-dependent anti-angiogenesis effect of eltrombopag in 4T1 cells and RAW264.7 macrophages with qRT-PCR, HuR-overexpression and HuR-silencing assays, RNA stability assays, RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays. Finally, we analyzed the in vitro anti-angiogenesis effect of eltrombopag on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) mediated by macrophages with cell scratch assay and in vitro Matrigel angiogenesis assay. With these data, we revealed the HuR-dependent anti-angiogenesis effect of eltrombopag in breast tumor, suggesting that the existing drug eltrombopag may be used as an anti-cancer drug.
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Key Words
- ARE, AU-rich element
- Angiogenesis
- Anti-tumor
- ELB, eltrombopag
- ELISA, enzyme linked immune sorbent assay
- EMSA, electrophoretic mobility shift assay
- Eltrombopag
- FP, fluorescence polarization
- HTS, high-throughput screening
- HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell
- HuR
- HuR, human antigen R
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- RIP, RNA immunoprecipitation
- SPR, surface plasmon resonance
- mRNAs stability
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhu
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiazhen Xu
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiyan Yang
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pengwei Luan
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qianfei Cui
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feiyun Wang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ruixiang Li
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinyue Ding
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lixian Jiang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guoqiang Lin
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiange Zhang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Tanaka H, Negoro K, Koike T, Tsukamoto I, Yokoyama K, Maeda J, Inagaki Y, Shimoshige Y, Ino K, Ishizu K, Takahashi T. Discovery and structure-activity relationships study of positive allosteric modulators of the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Synthesis of pyrazolones and pyrazoles via Pd-catalyzed aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) is a potential life-threatening hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disorder resulting in cytopenia. The mainstays of treatment for AA are definitive therapy to restore HSCs and supportive measures to ameliorate cytopenia-related complications. The standard definitive therapy is HSC transplantation for young and medically fit patients with suitable donors and immunosuppressive therapy (IST) with antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine for the remaining patients. A significant proportion of patients are refractory to IST or relapse after IST. Various strategies have been explored in these patients, including second course of antithymocyte globulin, high-dose cyclophosphamide, and alemtuzumab. Eltrombopag, a thrombopoietin mimetic, has recently emerged as an encouraging and promising agent for patients with refractory AA. It has demonstrated efficacy in restoring trilineage hematopoiesis, and this positive effect continues after discontinuation of the drug. There are ongoing clinical trials exploring the role of eltrombopag as a first-line therapy in moderate to severe AA and a combination of eltrombopag with IST in severe AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Han Lum
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - John D Grainger
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Liu HD, Zhang AJ, Xu JJ, Chen Y, Zhu YC. H2S protects against fatal myelosuppression by promoting the generation of megakaryocytes/platelets. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:13. [PMID: 26912146 PMCID: PMC4766725 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous pilot studies aimed to examine the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the generation of endothelial progenitor cells led to an unexpected result, i.e., H2S promoted the differentiation of certain hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in the bone marrow. This gave rise to an idea that H2S might promote hematopoiesis. Methods To test this idea, a mice model of myelosuppression and cultured fetal liver cells were used to examine the role of H2S in hematopoiesis. Results H2S promoted the generation of megakaryocytes, increased platelet levels, ameliorate entorrhagia, and improved survival. These H2S effects were blocked in both in vivo and in vitro models with thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor knockout mice (c-mpl−/− mice). In contrast, H2S promoted megakaryocytes/platelets generation in both in vivo and in vitro models with TPO knockout mice (TPO−/− mice). Conclusions H2S is a novel promoter for megakaryopoiesis by acting on the TPO receptors but not TPO to generate megakaryocytes/platelets. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-016-0244-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Di Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine in Henan Province, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ai-Jie Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi-Chun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Sharma P, Butters CJ, Smith V, Elsby R, Surry D. Prediction of the in vivo OATP1B1-mediated drug-drug interaction potential of an investigational drug against a range of statins. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 47:244-55. [PMID: 22538052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To support drug development, the drug-drug interaction potential (DDI) of an investigational drug (AZX) was assessed against the probe estradiol 17β-glucuronide as well as against simvastatin acid, atorvastatin, pravastatin, pitavastatin, fluvastatin, rosuvastatin and estrone 3-sulfate. The inhibitory potentials of the OATP1B1 inhibitors rifamycin SV and gemfibrozil were assessed in parallel. Monolayer cellular uptake assays were used to determine inhibition of human OATP1B1. Apparent K(m) values for the OATP1B1-mediated transport of [(3)H] substrates were determined prior to their use as probes in inhibition studies, and ranged from 0.6 to 29 μM for statins. The K(m) of lipophilic simvastatin acid could not be determined due to its high passive permeability that masked OATP1B1 transport, and therefore this statin could not be used as a probe. Estrone 3-sulfate exhibited biphasic kinetics, whereas estradiol 17β-glucuronide demonstrated simple Michaelis-Menton kinetics. AZX moderately inhibited OATP1B1-mediated transport of all statins (IC(50)=4.6-9.7 μM), except fluvastatin, of estradiol 17β-glucuronide (IC(50)=5.3 μM), and weakly inhibited estrone 3-sulfate (IC(50)=79 μM). Rifamycin SV strongly, and gemfibrozil weakly, inhibited the OATP1B1-mediated transport of substrates. Estradiol 17β-glucuronide was identified as a good surrogate probe for statins when assessing OATP1B1 inhibitory potential using this test system. Inhibition data was used to predict the likelihood of a clinical DDI, using current draft US FDA guidance and recommendations of the International Transporter Consortium. Predictions for AZX indicated the potential for an OATP1B1-mediated DDI in vivo and that a clinical interaction study is warranted to confirm whether AZX is an OATP1B1 inhibitor in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Sharma
- Global DMPK, AstraZeneca R&D Alderley Park, Mereside, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK.
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Tarasova A, Haylock D, Winkler D. Principal signalling complexes in haematopoiesis: Structural aspects and mimetic discovery. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2011; 22:231-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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