1
|
Xie Y, Zhou Q, He Q, Wang X, Wang J. Opportunities and challenges of incretin-based hypoglycemic agents treating type 2 diabetes mellitus from the perspective of physiological disposition. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
2
|
Kumar S, Mittal A, Mittal A. A review upon medicinal perspective and designing rationale of DPP-4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 46:116354. [PMID: 34428715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the highly prevalence disorder and increasing day by day worldwidely. T2DM is a metabolic disorder, which is characterized by deficiency in insulin or resistance to insulin and thus increases the glucose levels in the blood. Various approaches are there to treat diabetes but still there is no cure for this disease. DPP-4 inhibitor is a privileged target in the field of drug discovery and provides various opportunities in exploring this target for development of molecules as antidiabetic agents. DPP-4 acts by inhibiting the incretin action and thus decreases the level of blood glucose by imparting minimal side effects. Sitagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin etc. are the different DPP-4 based drugs approved throughout the world for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Cyanopyrrolidines, triazolopiperazine amide, pyrrolidines are basic core nucleus present in various DPP-4 inhibitors and has potential effects. In the past few years, researchers had applied various approaches to synthesize potent DPP-4 inhibitors as antidiabetic agent without side effects like weight gain, cardiovascular risks, retinopathy etc. This review will also emphasize the recent strategies and rationale utilized by researchers for the development of DPP-4 inhibitors. This review also reveals about the various other approaches like molecular modelling, ligand based drug designing, high throughput screening etc. are used by the various research group for the development of potential DPP-4 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PCTE Group of Institutes, Campus-2, Near Baddowal Cantt. Ferozepur Road, Ludhiana 142021, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Anu Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University College, Patti, Distt. Tarn Taran, India
| | - Amit Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Emami L, Faghih Z, Sakhteman A, Rezaei Z, Faghih Z, Salehi F, Khabnadideh S. Design, synthesis, molecular simulation, and biological activities of novel quinazolinone-pyrimidine hybrid derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and anticancer agents. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03774e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Twelve novel quinazolinone–pyrimidine hybrids were synthesized, of which some of them showed dual functions as DPP-4 inhibitors and anti-cancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Zahra Faghih
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research
- Medical School
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sakhteman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Zeinab Faghih
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Farnaz Salehi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Soghra Khabnadideh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Syam YM, El-Karim SSA, Nasr T, Elseginy SA, Anwar MM, Kamel MM, Ali HF. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Spiro Cyclohexane-1,2- Quinazoline Derivatives as Potent Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:250-269. [PMID: 28847268 DOI: 10.2174/1389557517666170828121018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) is currently one of the most valuable and potential chemotherapeutic regimes for the medication of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). METHOD Based on linagliptin, this study discusses the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of spiro cyclohexane-1,2'-quinazoline scaffold hybridized with various heterocyclic ring systems through different atomic spacers as a highly potent DPP-4 inhibitors. DPP-4 enzyme assay represented that most of the target compounds are 102-103 folds more active than the reference drug linagliptin (IC50: 0.0005-0.0089 nM vs 0.77 nM; respectively). Moreover, in vivo oral hypoglycemic activity assay revealed that most of the tested candidates were more potent than the reference drug, sitagliptin, producing rapid onset with long duration of activity that extends to 24 h. Interestingly, the derivatives 11, 16, 18a and 23 showed evidence of mild cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibition (IC50; > 210 µM) and their acute toxicity (LD50) was more than 1.9 gm/kg. Molecular simulation study of the new quinazoline derivatives explained the obtained biological results. CONCLUSION Finally, we conclude that our target compounds could be highly beneficial for diabetic patients in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin M Syam
- Therapeutical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Somaia S Abd El-Karim
- Therapeutical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Tamer Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795 Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A Elseginy
- Green Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Manal M Anwar
- Therapeutical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohsen M Kamel
- Therapeutical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Hanan F Ali
- Therapeutical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim SH, Jung E, Yoon MK, Kwon OH, Hwang DM, Kim DW, Kim J, Lee SM, Yim HJ. Pharmacological profiles of gemigliptin (LC15-0444), a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 788:54-64. [PMID: 27298192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Gemigliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor, is approved for use as a monotherapy or in combination therapy to treat hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we investigated the pharmacological profiles of gemigliptin in vitro and in vivo and compared them to those of the other DPP-4 inhibitors. Gemigliptin was a reversible and competitive inhibitor with a Ki value of 7.25±0.67nM. Similar potency was shown in plasma from humans, rats, dogs, and monkeys. The kinetics of DPP-4 inhibition by gemigliptin was characterized by a fast association and a slow dissociation rate compared to sitagliptin (fast on and fast off rate) or vildagliptin (slow on and slow off rate). In addition, gemigliptin showed at least >23,000-fold selectivity for DPP-4 over various proteases and peptidases, including DPP-8, DPP-9, and fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-α. In the rat, dog, and monkey, gemigliptin showed more potent DPP-4 inhibitory activity in vivo compared with sitagliptin. In mice and dogs, gemigliptin prevented the degradation of active glucagon-like peptide-1 by DPP-4 inhibition, which improved glucose tolerance by increasing insulin secretion and reducing glucagon secretion during an oral glucose tolerance test. The long-term anti-hyperglycemic effect of gemigliptin was evaluated in diet-induced obese mice and high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Gemigliptin dose-dependently decreased hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and ameliorated β-cell damage. In conclusion, gemigliptin is a potent, long-acting, and highly selective DPP-4 inhibitor and can be a safe and effective drug for the long-term treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Kim
- LG Life Sciences Ltd., R&D Park, Daejeon 34122, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Jung
- LG Life Sciences Ltd., R&D Park, Daejeon 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Yoon
- LG Life Sciences Ltd., R&D Park, Daejeon 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - O Hwan Kwon
- LG Life Sciences Ltd., R&D Park, Daejeon 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Mi Hwang
- LG Life Sciences Ltd., R&D Park, Daejeon 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- LG Life Sciences Ltd., R&D Park, Daejeon 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mee Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Joo Yim
- LG Life Sciences Ltd., R&D Park, Daejeon 34122, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kan H, Hyogo H, Ochi H, Hotta K, Fukuhara T, Kobayashi T, Naeshiro N, Honda Y, Kawaoka T, Tsuge M, Hiramatsu A, Imamura M, Kawakami Y, Aikata H, Chayama K. Influence of the rs738409 polymorphism in patatin-like phospholipase 3 on the treatment efficacy of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:E146-53. [PMID: 26147768 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM A genome-wide association study revealed that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs738409 in the patatin-like phospholipase 3 gene (PNPLA3) was strongly associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent pilot studies investigated the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on liver function and glucose metabolism in NAFLD with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). We herein evaluated the efficacy of alogliptin in NAFLD patients with type 2 DM as well as the relationship between genotypes at rs738409 in PNPLA3 and treatment efficacy. METHODS Forty-one biopsy-proven NAFLD patients with type 2 DM treated with 25 mg/day alogliptin were retrospectively enrolled. SNP rs738409 in PNPLA3 was present in all patients. Clinical data were measured before and after the treatment. RESULTS Average hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels mostly remained unchanged. Moreover, significant changes were not noted in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) during the follow-up period. A positive correlation was observed between improvements in HbA1c (ΔHbA1c) levels and changes in AST (ΔAST) and ALT (ΔALT) levels (r = 0.325 and 0.439, respectively). Patients with the risk allele (G-allele) showed more positive correlation between ΔHbA1c and changes in transaminase. Furthermore, improvements in the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and hyaluronic acid were significantly greater in G-allele patients in the weight loss group. CONCLUSION The treatment of NAFLD with type 2 DM with alogliptin contributed to the amelioration of NAFLD. Our results suggested that differences in the PNPLA3 risk allele affected the therapeutic effects of this treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Kan
- Department of Gastroenterology Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hyogo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ochi
- Department of Gastroenterology Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kikuko Hotta
- Pharmacogenomics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fukuhara
- Department of Gastroenterology Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriaki Naeshiro
- Department of Gastroenterology Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yohji Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuge
- Department of Gastroenterology Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Hiramatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiiku Kawakami
- Department of Gastroenterology Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
DPP-4 specifically degrades the incretin hormone GLP-1 and GIP, both of which are vital modulators of blood glucose homeostasis. Attributed to its potential biological function, DPP-4 inhibition has presently represented an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating diabetes and aroused a significant interest in the pharmaceutical industry. Chemical stability, selectivity and pharmacokinetic properties have been continuously emphasized during the long journey of R&D centered on DPP-4 inhibitors. The current landscape of the development of DPP-4 inhibitors is outlined in this review, with a focus on rational drug design and structural optimization to pursue chemical stability, selectivity and favorable pharmacokinetic properties. In addition, the structure-activity relationships, based on reported DPP-4 inhibitors, will be discussed.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ultrasound-based approach to spiro-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones: their in vitro evaluation against chorismate mutase. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
9
|
Jadav P, Bahekar R, Shah SR, Patel D, Joharapurkar A, Kshirsagar S, Jain M, Shaikh M, Sairam KVVM. Long-acting peptidomimetics based DPP-IV inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3516-21. [PMID: 22503246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrolidine based peptidomimetics are reported as potent and selective DPP-IV inhibitors for the treatment of T2DM. Compounds 16c and 16d showed excellent in vitro potency and selectivity towards DPP-IV and the lead compound 16c showed sustained antihyperglycemic effects, along with improved pharmacokinetic profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Jadav
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla NH 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sreenivasulu M, Kumar KS, Kumar PR, Chandrasekhar KB, Pal M. N-heterocyclic carbene-mediated hydroacylation–Sonogashira/Heck/Suzuki coupling in a single pot: A new cascade reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:1670-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06950d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
11
|
Nakhi A, Prasad B, Reddy U, Rao RM, Sandra S, Kapavarapu R, Rambabu D, Rama Krishna G, Reddy CM, Ravada K, Misra P, Iqbal J, Pal M. A new route to indoles via in situ desilylation–Sonogashira strategy: identification of novel small molecules as potential anti-tuberculosis agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00148e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|