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Oboza P, Ogarek N, Wójtowicz M, Rhaiem TB, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M, Kocełak P. Relationships between Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Diet Composition, Dietary Patterns and Eating Behaviors. Nutrients 2024; 16:1911. [PMID: 38931266 PMCID: PMC11206370 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a disorder between gynecology and psychiatry which includes cognitive, affective, and somatic symptoms from mild to severe. The most severe form of PMS is premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and it is considered a form of depressive disorder. An association between diet composition and the occurrence of PMS and its severity have been suggested. As such, this manuscript discusses the relationships between diet composition, dietary patterns and eating behaviors, and PMS. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were searched for related studies up to 18 January 2024. A text search with the following keywords singly or in combination was conducted: "Premenstrual syndrome", "Nutrition", "Diet composition", "Dietary patterns", and "Eating behaviors". Studies published so far showed that low intake of simple carbohydrates, fats, salt, and alcohol, and high of fresh, unprocessed foods rich in B vitamins, vitamin D, zinc, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids may help prevent the onset of PMS and reduce the severity of its symptoms. However, further studies are needed to formulate definitive recommendations for the use of vitamins, micronutrients and other dietary ingredients supplementation in women with PMS to improve functioning, overall well-being, and physical health. Large, randomized, double-blind clinical trials across diverse populations are necessary to formulate clear recommendations for supplementation in women with PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Oboza
- Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Natalia Ogarek
- Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mariusz Wójtowicz
- Clinical Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Tahar Ben Rhaiem
- Clinical Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology in Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Kocełak
- Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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Magalhães PM, da Cruz SP, Carneiro OA, Teixeira MT, Ramalho A. Vitamin D Inadequacy and Its Relation to Body Fat and Muscle Mass in Adult Women of Childbearing Age. Nutrients 2024; 16:1267. [PMID: 38732514 PMCID: PMC11085628 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
To assess the correlation between vitamin D status and body composition variables in adult women of childbearing age, a cross-sectional study was conducted involving women aged 20-49 years. The participants were categorized based on their vitamin D status and further divided according to body mass index (BMI). Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected to compute body composition indices, specifically body fat and muscle mass. The sample included 124 women, with 63.70% exhibiting vitamin D inadequacy. Women with inadequate vitamin D status demonstrated a higher waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body adiposity index (BAI), along with a lower BMI-adjusted muscle mass index (SMI BMI), compared to those with adequate levels of vitamin D (p = 0.021; p = 0.019; and p = 0.039, respectively). A positive correlation was observed between circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D and SMI BMI, while a negative correlation existed between circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D and waist circumference (WC), WHtR, conicity index (CI), fat mass index (FMI), body fat percentage (% BF), and fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR). These findings suggest that inadequate vitamin D status may impact muscle tissue and contribute to higher body adiposity, including visceral adiposity. It is recommended that these variables be incorporated into clinical practice, with a particular emphasis on WHtR and SMI BMI, to mitigate potential metabolic consequences associated with vitamin D inadequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Moreira Magalhães
- Postgraduate Program of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21044-020, Brazil
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (S.P.d.C.); (O.A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Sabrina Pereira da Cruz
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (S.P.d.C.); (O.A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Orion Araújo Carneiro
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (S.P.d.C.); (O.A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Michelle Teixeira Teixeira
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 22290-250, Brazil;
| | - Andréa Ramalho
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (S.P.d.C.); (O.A.C.); (A.R.)
- Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
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Heidari H, Abbasi K, Feizi A, Kohan S, Amani R. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on symptoms severity in vitamin D insufficient women with premenstrual syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 59:241-248. [PMID: 38220382 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the most prevalent disorders among reproductive women worldwide that negatively impact women's quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the severity of PMS symptoms in vitamin D insufficient women with PMS. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 44 vitamin D insufficient women with PMS received either 50,000 IU vitamin D or a placebo fortnightly for 16 weeks. Participants completed the PMS Daily Symptoms Rating form at beginning and during the last two months of the intervention, and their blood samples were collected to assess 25(OH)D serum levels. RESULTS After the four months' intervention, the serum level of 25(OH)D in the vitamin D group raised from 21 ± 8 ng/ml to 40 ± 8 ng/ml (P < 0.001), while in the placebo group it raised from 21 ± 7 ng/ml to 23 ± 7 ng/ml (P = 0.03). Indeed, serum vitamin D levels in the placebo group could not reach a sufficient level. At the end of the intervention, the mean score of total PMS symptoms showed significant improvement in the vitamin supplemented group compared to the controls (p < 0.001). By grouping the PMS symptoms into five subgroups, the mean score of all five subgroups decreased post-supplementation compared to the baseline; however, the highest and lowest decrease were in depression (53 %) and water retention subgroups (28 %), respectively. This indicates a greater improvement in the mean scores of mood symptoms compared to physical symptoms in this study (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Results obtained in this clinical trial represent the helpful effects of vitamin D supplementation on total, physical and mood symptoms in vitamin D insufficient women with PMS. TRIAL REGISTRATION This randomized controlled trial at IRCT.ir on 2018-06-20 with Registration No: IRCT20180525039822N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Heidari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Abbasi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Kohan
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Amani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Hooshiar SH, Yazdani A, Jafarnejad S. Does an alternate-day modified fasting diet improve premenstrual syndrome symptoms and health-related quality of life in obese or overweight women with premenstrual syndrome? A randomized, controlled trial. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1298831. [PMID: 38268675 PMCID: PMC10806082 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1298831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Premenstrual syndrome disorder (PMS) is a condition that affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and encompasses a variety of symptoms, including psychological, physical, and behavioral symptoms. Some evidence suggests that an increase in body mass index (BMI) can reduce both HRQoL and menstrual quality. This is because the body fat tissue can affect menstrual cycles by changing the estrogen/progesterone ratio. This study investigated the impact of two diets alternate-day modified fasting (ADMF) and daily calorie restriction (DCR) - on PMS syndrome and HRQoL. Methods The study was a randomized controlled, open-label trial that lasted for 8 weeks and involved 60 obese/overweight women. Participants were recruited from the Health Service Centers of Kashan University of Medical Sciences using simple random sampling. The study compared the impact of the ADMF and DCR diets on HRQoL and PMS symptoms. Patients were classified based on their BMI and age and then allocated to either the intervention (ADMF) or control (DCR) group using a random numbers table. The study measured HRQoL, PMS severity, weight, BMI, body fat mass, waist circumference, fat-free mass, and skeletal muscle mass before and after the study. The study had an almost 18% dropout rate. Results Significant improvements were observed in mood lability (p = 0.044) and expressed anger (p < 0.001) in relation to PMS symptoms. However, no significant differences were detected in the changes of other COPE subscales. The ADMF diet had a significant impact on the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) total score (p < 0.001) and physical function subscales (p = 0.006) as well as mental health (p < 0.001) when compared to the control diet. This implies that the ADMF diet increased both SF-12 total score and its subscales. The intervention led to improvements in HRQoL, physical function, and mental health. Additionally, significant improvements in BMI and weight were observed between the two groups pre- and post-study (p < 0.001). Anthropometric data, including body fat mass and waist circumference, showed a significant improvement (p < 0.001 and p = 0.029, respectively) before and after the study. However, there were no significant changes in fat-free mass (p = 0.936) and skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.841) between the two groups. Conclusion The study suggested that ADMF can improve HRQoL, mood lability, and expressed anger. It also showed that ADMF can reduce waist circumference, weight, and body fat mass in obese/overweight women. Clinical trial registration The Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20220522054958N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Hosseini Hooshiar
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Akram Yazdani
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sadegh Jafarnejad
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Ahmed A, Saleem MA, Saeed F, Afzaal M, Imran A, Akram S, Hussain M, Khan A, Al Jbawi E. A comprehensive review on the impact of calcium and vitamin D insufficiency and allied metabolic disorders in females. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5004-5027. [PMID: 37701195 PMCID: PMC10494632 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is imperative in maintaining a quality life, particularly during later ages. Its deficiency results in a wide range of metabolic disorders such as dental changes, cataracts, alterations in brain function, and osteoporosis. These deficiencies are more pronounced in females due to increased calcium turnover throughout their life cycle, especially during pregnancy and lactation. Vitamin D perform a central role in the metabolism of calcium. Recent scientific interventions have linked calcium with an array of metabolic disorders in females including hypertension, obesity, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), multiple sclerosis, and breast cancer. This review encompasses these female metabolic disorders with special reference to calcium and vitamin D deficiency. This review article aims to present and elaborate on available data regarding the worldwide occurrence of insufficient calcium consumption in females and allied health risks, to provide a basis for formulating strategies and population-level scientific studies to adequately boost calcium intake and position where required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais Saleem
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
- Department of Human Nutrition and DieteticsMirpur University of Science and TechnologyMirpurPakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Sidra Akram
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Aqsa Khan
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
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Hooshiar SH, Yazdani A, Jafarnejad S. Effect of modified alternate day fasting diet on the severity of premenstrual syndrome and health-related quality of life in women with overweight or obesity: a trial study protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066740. [PMID: 37142307 PMCID: PMC10163452 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) includes a range of physical, behavioural and psychological symptoms and decreases women's health-related quality of life (HRQoL). It has been proposed that increased body mass index (BMI) is associated with menstrual problems and decreased HRQoL. The body fat amount plays a role in menstrual cycles by altering the oestrogen/progesterone ratio. Alternate day fasting as an unusual diet results in the improvement of anthropometric indices and reduction of body weight. This study aims to investigate the effect of a daily calorie restriction diet and a modified alternate day fasting diet on PMS and HRQoL. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This 8-week open-label parallel randomised controlled trial examines the impact of a modified alternate-day fasting diet and daily caloric restriction on the severity of PMS and HRQoL in obese or overweight women. Using simple random sampling, women between the ages of 18 years and 50 years and 25 ≤ BMI ˂ 40 who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be chosen from the Kashan University of Medical Sciences Centre. Patients will be randomised, based on BMI and age through stratified randomisation. Then by the random numbers table, they are allocated to fasting (intervention) or daily calorie restriction (control) groups. Outcomes are chosen for the trial: the difference in the severity of PMS, HRQoL, BMI, body fat mass, fat-free mass, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference, hip circumference, per cent body fat, skeletal muscle mass and visceral fat area from baseline to 8 weeks. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Kashan University of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee has approved the trial (IR.KAUMS.MEDNT.REC.1401.003) (17 April 2022). Results will be published in peer-reviewed academic journals and the participants will be informed via phone calls. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER IRCT20220522054958N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Hosseini Hooshiar
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Akram Yazdani
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sadegh Jafarnejad
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Pallante PI, Vega AC, Escobar A, Hackney AC, Rubin DA. Micronutrient intake and premenstrual syndrome in female collegiate athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:444-451. [PMID: 36861879 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.13829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In non-athletic populations micronutrient consumption is associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). PMS can be a debilitating condition for female athletes as it may affect their performance and training. This study investigated potential differences in select micronutrients' intake in female athletes with or without PMS. METHODS Participants were thirty NCAA Division I eumenorrheic female athletes ages 18-22 years not using oral contraceptives. Participants were classified with or without PMS using the Premenstrual Symptoms Screen tool. Participants completed dietary logs (two weekdays and one weekend day) one week before their projected menstruation. Logs were analyzed for caloric, macronutrient, food sources, and vitamin D, Mg, and Zn intake. Non-parametric independent T-Tests determined differences in the median and Mann-Whitney U tests determined differences in the distribution between groups. RESULTS 23% of the 30 athletes showed PMS. There were no significant (P>0.22) for all comparisons) differences between groups for daily kilocalories (2150 vs. 2142 kcals), carbohydrates (278 vs. 271g), protein (90 vs. 100.2g), fats (77 vs. 77.2g), grains (224.0 vs. 182.6g), dairy (172.4 vs. 161.0g). vegetables (95.3 vs. 263.1g), or fruits (204.1 vs. 156.5g). A statistical trend (P=0.08) indicated differences in vitamin D intake (39.4 vs. 66.0 IU), but not for Mg (205.0 vs. 173.0 mg), or Zn (11.0 vs. 7.0mg) between groups. CONCLUSIONS No association was found between Mg, and Zn intake and PMS. However, lower vitamin D intake tended to be associated with presenting PMS in female athletes. Further studies should include vitamin D status to clarify this potential association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma I Pallante
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Alexa C Vega
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Escobar
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniela A Rubin
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA -
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The Problem of Malnutrition Associated with Major Depressive Disorder from a Sex-Gender Perspective. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051107. [PMID: 35268082 PMCID: PMC8912662 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an incapacitating condition characterized by loss of interest, anhedonia and low mood, which affects almost 4% of people worldwide. With rising prevalence, it is considered a public health issue that affects economic productivity and heavily increases health costs alone or as a comorbidity for other pandemic non-communicable diseases (such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, etc.). What is even more noteworthy is the double number of women suffering from MDD compared to men. In fact, this sex-related ratio has been contemplated since men and women have different sexual hormone oscillations, where women meet significant changes depending on the age range and moment of life (menstruation, premenstruation, pregnancy, postpartum, menopause…), which seem to be associated with susceptibility to depressive symptoms. For instance, a decreased estrogen level promotes decreased activation of serotonin transporters. Nevertheless, sexual hormones are not the only triggers that alter neurotransmission of monoamines and other neuropeptides. Actually, different dietary habits and/or nutritional requirements for specific moments of life severely affect MDD pathophysiology in women. In this context, the present review aims to descriptively collect information regarding the role of malnutrition in MDD onset and course, focusing on female patient and especially macro- and micronutrient deficiencies (amino acids, ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs), folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, minerals…), besides providing evidence for future nutritional intervention programs with a sex-gender perspective that hopefully improves mental health and quality of life in women.
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Jarosz AC, Noori D, Zeitoun T, Garcia-Bailo B, El-Sohemy A. Variation in the vitamin D receptor gene, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and risk of premenstrual symptoms. GENES & NUTRITION 2021; 16:15. [PMID: 34551710 PMCID: PMC8459465 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-021-00696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Vitamin D status has been associated with the presence and severity of several premenstrual symptoms (PMSx) in some, but not all studies. Inconsistencies among findings may be explained by unaccounted genetic variation in the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Objective To determine whether associations between vitamin D status and individual PMSx are influenced by VDR genotype. Methods Seven hundred sixteen women aged 20-29 years old from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health study provided plasma samples and completed a questionnaire on the presence and severity of 15 common PMSx. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was measured and participants were categorized into sufficient (≥ 50 nmol/L) and insufficient (< 50 nmol/L) vitamin D status groups. DNA was obtained from blood samples to genotype for a common VDR single nucleotide variant, rs796858. Using logistic regression, odds of experiencing PMSx were compared between vitamin D-sufficient and insufficient women, stratified by genotype. Results Among CC homozygotes, insufficient vitamin D status was associated with higher odds of experiencing premenstrual fatigue (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.40, 4.56) and nausea (OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.00, 5.95). Among TT homozygotes, insufficient vitamin D status was associated with lower odds of experiencing fatigue (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.20, 0.97) and increased appetite (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.22, 1.04). Insufficient vitamin D status was associated with higher odds of increased appetite in women with the CT genotype (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.03, 3.07). VDR genotype modified the association between vitamin D status and the following PMSx: increased appetite (interaction p = 0.027), fatigue (interaction p = 0.016), and nausea (interaction p = 0.039). Conclusion We found evidence that VDR genotype may modify the association between 25(OH)D and some PMSx. Insufficient 25(OH)D was associated with a higher risk of premenstrual fatigue in those with the CC genotype, but lower risk in those with the TT genotype. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12263-021-00696-2.
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Gallon CW, Ferreira CF, Henz A, Oderich CL, Conzatti M, Ritondale Sodré de Castro J, Parmegiani Jahn M, da Silva K, Wender MCO. Leptin, ghrelin, & insulin levels and food intake in premenstrual syndrome: A case-control study. Appetite 2021; 168:105750. [PMID: 34648911 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between food intake and serum levels of leptin and ghrelin in the luteal (LP) and follicular (FP) phases of the MC (menstrual cycle) in participants with and without PMS (premenstrual syndrome). METHODS This was a case-control study with healthy participants aged 20-45 years with regular menstrual cycles (24-35 days) with and without PMS. After the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) was filled out for two months (PMS diagnosis), a nutritional assessment was carried out based on twelve food intake records (for two menstrual cycles) to quantify food intake. RESULTS Of the 69 participants analyzed, 35 experienced PMS and 34 did not experience PMS. For participants with PMS, calorie and carbohydrate intake was higher during LP than in FP (p = 0.004 and p = 0.003, respectively), whereas these changes were not observed in participants without PMS (p > 0.05). There were interactions between the groups and the MC phases (LP and FP) for the intake of calories (p = 0.028) and carbohydrates (p = 0.001). There was a marginal negative relationship between the levels of ghrelin and calorie intake in FP (rS = -0.314, p = 0.066) in the PMS group and a negative relationship between the levels of ghrelin and leptin in LP (rS = -0.490, p = 0.004) in the group without PMS. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated a higher calorie and carbohydrate intake during LP in participants with PMS, in addition to the hypothesis that the roles of ghrelin and leptin in energy regulation may be different in participants with PMS compared to those without PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin Weirich Gallon
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Gynaecology and Obstetrics (PPGGO), Menopause Research Group. Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre (HCPA), School of Medicine (FAMED), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; University of Caxias do Sul (UCS). Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - Charles Francisco Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Gynaecology and Obstetrics (PPGGO), Menopause Research Group. Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre (HCPA), School of Medicine (FAMED), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Henz
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Gynaecology and Obstetrics (PPGGO), Menopause Research Group. Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre (HCPA), School of Medicine (FAMED), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Leão Oderich
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Gynaecology and Obstetrics (PPGGO), Menopause Research Group. Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre (HCPA), School of Medicine (FAMED), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maiara Conzatti
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Gynaecology and Obstetrics (PPGGO), Menopause Research Group. Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre (HCPA), School of Medicine (FAMED), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ritondale Sodré de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Gynaecology and Obstetrics (PPGGO), Menopause Research Group. Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre (HCPA), School of Medicine (FAMED), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Keoma da Silva
- University of Caxias do Sul (UCS). Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Celeste Osório Wender
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Gynaecology and Obstetrics (PPGGO), Menopause Research Group. Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre (HCPA), School of Medicine (FAMED), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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11
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Arab A, Rafie N, Askari G, Taghiabadi M. Beneficial Role of Calcium in Premenstrual Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Current Literature. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:156. [PMID: 33312465 PMCID: PMC7716601 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_243_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Since premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the most common and debilitating disorders in women, risk factor modification is an urgent health priority. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to summarize and discuss the outcomes of observational and interventional studies in humans regarding the relationship between Calcium and PMS. PubMed, Scopus, ISI web of sciences and Google scholar were searched up to January 2019 to identify relevant studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa and Jadad scales were used for quality assessment. A total of 14 studies (8 interventional and 6 observational) met our inclusion criteria. Majority of the studies showed that not only serum calcium levels are lower in PMS subjects, but also calcium supplementation could significantly improve the incidence of PMS and its related symptoms. This systematic review suggests a beneficial role for calcium in PMS subjects. However, in order to draw a firm link between calcium and PMS, further dose-response clinical trials with larger sample size and better methodological design are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Arab
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Rafie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Taghiabadi
- Department of Nursing and Operating Room, Faculty Member of Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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12
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Majeed-Saidan MMA, AlKharraz N, Kaaki K, AlTawil N, Alenezy S, Ahamed SS. Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome Levels and Its Management Among Female Students of Medical and Non-Medical Colleges in Riyadh. Cureus 2020; 12:e11595. [PMID: 33240729 PMCID: PMC7681758 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to measure the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), its management, and its possible association with depression, anxiety, and stress among female medical and non-medical students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Khalid University Hospital and King Saud University Female Campus. A self-administered questionnaire following the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) criteria was used to measure levels of PMS. It also included the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) to measure depression, anxiety, and stress. The inclusion criteria were: females of reproductive age who had menstrual cycles for two consecutive months. Meanwhile, the exclusion criteria included gynecological or psychological problems, pregnancy, and the use of oral contraceptive pills. Of the 513 responses, 414 met the above criteria and were used in the study. An analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version. 21.0, IBM Armonk, NY). To compare the mean values of quantitative variables, the student's t-test for independent samples was used. Accordingly, Pearson's correlation quantified the linear relationship between the two quantitative variables. Results The majority of female students have a moderate level of PMS, and only 8% have severe PMS. Notably, 8.9% of the students have moderate anxiety while 1.7% and 0.7% have severe and extremely severe anxiety, respectively. Moreover, 11.8% and 3.4% of the students have moderate depression and stress, respectively, whereas 1.7% have severe depression. The results show a positive correlation between PMS and anxiety, depression, and stress. Depression and stress scores vary significantly between medical and non-medical students. Conclusion Premenstrual syndrome is a prevalent issue among females, and it can negatively affect their health. There is a need to study PMS thoroughly to optimize and guide its management for further improving women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nourah AlKharraz
- Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Noura AlTawil
- Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sara Alenezy
- Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
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13
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Considering the Role of the Menstrual Cycle on Increased Suicidality in Adolescent Females. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Moslehi M, Arab A, Shadnoush M, Hajianfar H. The Association Between Serum Magnesium and Premenstrual Syndrome: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 192:145-152. [PMID: 30880352 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01672-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have assessed the association between serum magnesium (Mg) and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in different population, but the findings have been inconclusive. Herein, we systematically reviewed available observational studies to elucidate the overall relationship between Mg and PMS. PubMed, Cochrane's library, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ISI web of science databases were searched for all available literature until January 2019 for studies evaluating the association between Mg and PMS. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to assess the quality of observational studies. A total of 13 studies out of 196 met our inclusion criteria and were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. There were no associations between serum magnesium and PMS (WMD - 0.04; 95% CI, - 0.14 to 0.06; P = 0.46) during follicular or serum/erythrocyte magnesium (WMD - 0.37; 95% CI, - 1.01 to 0.27; P = 0.25)/(WMD - 0.04; 95% CI, - 0.10 to 0.03; P = 0.26) and during luteal phase except for the sub-group of studies done outside of the US in which recent association became significant and means that serum Mg is lower in PMS subjects. According to what have been discussed, although our study did not show any significant association between serum/erythrocyte Mg and PMS except for serum Mg in luteal phase in the sub-group of studies done outside of the USA, heterogeneity between studies should be taken into accounts when interpreting these results. Additional well-designed clinical trials should be considered in future research to develop firm conclusions on the efficacy of magnesium on PMS.Registration number: CRD42018114473 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Moslehi
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arman Arab
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shadnoush
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hajianfar
- Food Safety Research Center (SALT), Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Service, Semnan, Iran.
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Service, Semnan, Iran.
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15
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Fatemi M, Allahdadian M, Bahadorani M. Comparison of serum level of some trace elements and vitamin D between patients with premenstrual syndrome and normal controls: A cross-sectional study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2019; 17:647-652. [PMID: 31646259 PMCID: PMC6804325 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v17i9.5100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common problem among women and is identified by reversal emotional, psychological, and physical signs during the luteal phase. These signs, however, lower down in the follicular phase. The cause of PMS isn't very well-known up to nowControl group and many researchers have suggested that mineral compounds and vitamins can inhibit these symptoms Objective The objective of this study is to compare the serum level of some trace elements and vitamin D between normal controls and patients with PMS. Materials and Methods 300 female students (19–21 yr old) from Falavarjan County were randomly selected and asked to complete a standard questionnaire on PMS during three menstruation cycles. The students were divided into two groups: healthy persons (control) and PMS persons, and PMS was determined on the basis of the answers to the questionnaire. Thereafter, the serum concentrations of zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and Vitamin D3 were measured and compared between the two groups. Results Our results showed that the PMS prevalence was about 41.5%. The level of vitamin D decreased in both the control and PMS groups, with a significantly lower range of vitamin D (p ≤ 0.05) in the PMS group. Other factors had no significant change between the two groups. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency was probably one of the most important causes of unpleasant symptoms of PMS between these students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoosh Fatemi
- Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University Isfahan Iran
| | - Maryam Allahdadian
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University Isfahan Iran
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16
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Vitamin D Supplementation for Premenstrual Syndrome-Related inflammation and antioxidant markers in students with vitamin D deficient: a randomized clinical trial. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14939. [PMID: 31624297 PMCID: PMC6797739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder in the reproductive age that negatively significant impacts on women’s quality of life. This randomized clinical trial study was undertaken to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory and antioxidant markers in 44 vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) students with PMS. Participants received either 50,000 IU vitamin D3 or a placebo pearl fortnightly for 4 months. At the baseline and in the last 2 months of intervention, participants were asked to complete the PMS Daily Symptoms Rating form along with taking the pearls and their blood samples were collected to assess serum levels of 25(OH)D3, Interleukin10 and 12 (IL-10, IL-12) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). In vitamin D group, serum levels of IL-10 and IL-12 significantly decreased while TAC significantly increased post-intervention. There were significant differences regarding serum IL-12 and TAC levels between the two groups. Mean score of the total PMS symptoms showed significant improvement in 25(OH)D. Vitamin D supplementation seems to be an effective strategy to improve inflammation and antioxidant markers in vitamin D deficient women with PMS. This clinical trial was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on 20/06/2018 (IRCT20180525039822N1).
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17
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Dietary patterns are associated with premenstrual syndrome: evidence from a case-control study. Public Health Nutr 2019; 23:833-842. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019002192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectives:Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common cyclic psychological and somatic disorder which reduces women’s quality of life. Evidence regarding the association between dietary patterns (DPs) and PMS is rare. The study aimed to determine the relationship between dietary patterns and PMS.Design:The case-control study was conducted among women with confirmed PMS and healthy individuals recruited from healthcare centres.Setting:Dietary data were collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and DPs were derived using principal component analysis. The association between DPs and likelihood of PMS was determined using logistic regression.Participants:In total, 225 women with PMS and 334 healthy participants aged 20–46 years took part in the study.Results:Three major DPs were identified: (i) ‘western DP’ characterized by high intake of fast foods, soft drink, and processed meats; (ii) ‘traditional DP’ in which eggs, tomato sauce, fruits, and red meat were highly loaded; and (iii) ‘healthy DP’ high in dried fruits, condiments and nuts. After taking all possible confounders into account, individuals in the highest tertile of the western DP were more likely to experience PMS (odds ratio (OR) = 1·49; 95 % CI: 1·01, 3·52),P< 0·001), whilst both healthy and traditional DP was inversely associated with the syndrome (OR = 0·31; 95 % CI: 0·17, 0·72,P= 0·02; OR = 0·33; 95 % CI: 0·14, 0·77,P= 0·01, respectively).Conclusion:The western dietary patterns were positively associated with PMS, whilst the healthy and traditional dietary patterns were inversely associated with it. Further longitudinal studies are required to confirm our findings.
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18
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Arab A, Golpour-Hamedani S, Rafie N. The Association Between Vitamin D and Premenstrual Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Current Literature. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 38:648-656. [PMID: 31074708 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1566036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have assessed the association between vitamin D and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in different populations, but the findings have been inconclusive. Herein, we systematically reviewed available observational and interventional evidence to elucidate the overall relationship between vitamin D and PMS. PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ISI Web of Science databases were searched for all available articles until September 2018. The Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale and Jadad scale were used to assess the quality of the observational and interventional studies, respectively. A total of 16 studies out of 196 met our inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Although no significant association between serum 25(OH)D and PMS (weighted mean difference (WMD) = 3.35; 95% confidence interval, -7.80 to 1.11; p = 0.14) was indicated in observational studies, vitamin D supplementation was effective in ameliorating PMS symptoms based upon findings from interventional studies. These results add to the existing literature supporting the fact that nutrition, especially vitamin D, plays an important role in women's health. Additional well-designed clinical trials should be considered in future research to develop firm conclusions on the efficacy of vitamin D on PMS. KEY TEACHING POINTS 5-8% of women experience severe PMS. Nutrition especially vitamin D plays an important role in the women's health. Vitamin D could exert significant clinical effects on PMS symptoms. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Arab
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Sahar Golpour-Hamedani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Nahid Rafie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
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A systematic review of the role of vitamin D and calcium in premenstrual syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2019; 62:73-86. [PMID: 30918875 PMCID: PMC6422848 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2019.62.2.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder that affects millions of women of reproductive age worldwide. In recent years, there has been a focus on finding accessible, acceptable, and cost-effective therapeutic approaches with minimal side effects to treat the symptoms of PMS. This systematic review aimed to investigate the role of calcium and vitamin D in Premenstrual syndrome. The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched for relevant articles from clinical trial, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist was used to assess the quality of the selected papers. A total of 28 eligible high-quality papers were reviewed. Low serum levels of calcium and vitamin D during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle were found to cause or exacerbate the symptoms of PMS. Therefore, the administration of calcium and vitamin D supplements or the use of a diet rich in these two substances can restore serum levels and eliminate or reduce the symptoms of PMS. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation are recommended as an inexpensive, low-risk, acceptable, and accessible approach to eliminate or reduce the symptoms of PMS.
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20
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Diets enriched with whole grains reduce premenstrual syndrome scores in nurses: an open-label parallel randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:992-1001. [PMID: 30761961 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of some components of whole grains on premenstrual syndrome (PMS), our literature review shows that no clinical trial has studied the effect of whole grain consumption on PMS so far. Therefore, the present study was designed to study the effect of diets rich in whole grains on PMS among nurses. This study is a parallel controlled clinical trial with a 3-month intervention period in which, after following two menstrual cycles among nurses, 100 nurses diagnosed with PMS were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control, with fifty individuals in each. Those in the intervention group replaced at least four servings of refined grains in their daily diets with whole grains. To supply four servings, 120 g of bread made with whole flour was given to the intervention group on a daily basis. Those in the control group, however, continued their regular daily consumption of grains. The two groups were compared regarding PMS symptoms after adjusting the confounding variables. The repeated measurement test showed that the interaction between the time factor and the experimental group on the mean score of PMS symptoms was significant. That is, the intervention group showed a significant decrease in the general, mood, physical and behavioural symptoms of PMS compared with the controls (P<0·001, P=0·01, P<0·001 and P=0·003, respectively). Therefore, daily consumption of whole grains in place of refined grains can contribute to improvement in PMS symptoms. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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21
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Jarosz AC, El-Sohemy A. Association between Vitamin D Status and Premenstrual Symptoms. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 119:115-123. [PMID: 30177298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenstrual symptoms are experienced by up to 95% of women, and few treatments are available. Previous studies suggest that 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) may be associated with the severity of premenstrual symptoms, but the findings have been inconclusive. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether vitamin D status is associated with the severity of individual premenstrual symptoms. DESIGN/PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional analysis of 998 women aged 20 to 29 years recruited at the University of Toronto campus from 2004 through 2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants provided data on their premenstrual symptoms in a premenstrual symptom questionnaire. Fasting overnight blood samples were collected, and plasma 25(OH)D was measured. Participants with plasma 25(OH)D concentrations <20 ng/mL were considered to have inadequate vitamin D status, and those with ≥20 ng/mL, adequate vitamin D status. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Multinomial logistic regressions were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval for the associations between vitamin D status and the severity of 15 premenstrual symptoms. Adjustments were made for age, body mass index, ethnicity/race, physical activity, hormonal contraceptive use, season of blood draw, use of analgesics, and calcium intake. RESULTS Compared with participants with adequate vitamin D status, those with inadequate vitamin D status had an increased risk (odds ratio [OR]; 95% CI) of experiencing the following mild symptoms: confusion (OR=1.72; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.59) and desire to be alone (OR=1.47; 95% CI; 1.03 to 2.10), as well as the following moderate/severe symptoms: cramps (OR=1.50; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.21), fatigue (OR=1.51; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.21), anxiety (OR=1.63; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.63), confusion (OR=2.23; 95% CI, 1.18 to 4.21), and sexual desire (OR=1.65; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.51). Vitamin D status was not associated with other premenstrual symptoms (acne, bloating, mood swings, increased appetite, headache, clumsiness, insomnia, depression, or nausea). CONCLUSION Findings suggest that inadequate vitamin D status may be associated with increased severity of some, but not all, premenstrual symptoms.
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Bahrami A, Bahrami-Taghanaki H, Afkhamizadeh M, Avan A, Mazloum Khorasani Z, Esmaeili H, Amin B, Jazebi S, Kamali D, Ferns GA, Sadeghnia HR, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Menstrual disorders and premenstrual symptoms in adolescents: prevalence and relationship to serum calcium and vitamin D concentrations. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2018; 38:989-995. [DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2018.1434764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Bahrami-Taghanaki
- Complementary and Chinese Medicine, Persian and Complementary Medicine Faculty, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Afkhamizadeh
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Habibollah Esmaeili
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Management and Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahareh Amin
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Samine Jazebi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Delaram Kamali
- Nursing student, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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23
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Schmidt K, Weber N, Steiner M, Meyer N, Dubberke A, Rutenberg D, Hellhammer J. A lecithin phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid complex (PAS) reduces symptoms of the premenstrual syndrome (PMS): Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 24:22-30. [PMID: 29576358 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Many women experience emotional and physical symptoms around the time of ovulation and more so before menstruation interfering with their daily normal life also known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Recent observational data suggest that supplementation with Lipogen's phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidic acid (PA) complex (PAS) alleviates these PMS symptoms. The aim of this study was to confirm these observations on the effects of PAS on PMS symptom severity within a controlled clinical trial setting. METHODS Forty women aged 18-45 years with a diagnosis of PMS were assigned to either take PAS (containing 400 mg PS & 400 mg PA per day) or a matching placebo. The study comprised 5 on-site visits including 1 baseline menstrual cycle followed by 3 treatment cycles. Treatment intake was controlled for by using an electronic device, the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS®). Primary outcome of the study was the PMS symptoms severity as assessed by using the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP). Further, SIPS questionnaire (a German version of the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST)), salivary hormone levels (cortisol awakening response (CAR) and evening cortisol levels) as well as serum levels (cortisol, estradiol, progesterone and corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG)) were assessed. RESULTS PMS symptoms as assessed by the DRSP Total score showed a significantly better improvement (p = 0.001) over a 3 cycles PAS intake as compared to placebo. In addition, PAS treated women reported a greater improvement in physical (p = 0.002) and depressive symptoms (p = 0.068). They also reported a lower reduction of productivity (p = 0.052) and a stronger decrease in interference with relationships with others (p = 0.099) compared to the placebo group. No other DRSP scale or item showed significant results. Likewise, the reduction in the number of subjects fulfilling PMS or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) criteria as classified by the SIPS did not differ between the PAS and the placebo group. For the biomarkers, the salivary cortisol percentage increase of the CAR was significantly less pronounced in the follicular phase of cycle 4 than in the follicular phase of cycle 1 for subjects taking PAS when compared to subjects taking placebo (p = 0.018). Furthermore, the change of serum cortisol levels between visit 1 and visit 5 differed significantly between groups (p = 0.043). While serum cortisol levels of PAS treated females slightly decreased between visit 1 and visit 5, cortisol levels of females treated with placebo increased. For all other biomarkers, no treatment effects were observed over the 4 cycles study period. Overall, this study confirms that a daily intake of PAS, containing 400 mg PS and 400 mg PA, can be considered as safe. CONCLUSIONS Results substantiate the efficacy of PAS in reducing symptoms of PMS. In view of the recent inclusion of severe PMS symptoms (PMDD) in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the positive results of this clinical study merits consideration of developing the PAS complex as a botanical drug for treatment of PMDD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered at Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien with the registration number DRKS00009005.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Weber
- Contract Research Institute daacro, Trier, Germany
| | - Meir Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nadin Meyer
- Contract Research Institute daacro, Trier, Germany
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Farhangi MA, Mesgari-Abbasi M, Nameni G, Hajiluian G, Shahabi P. The effects of vitamin D administration on brain inflammatory markers in high fat diet induced obese rats. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:81. [PMID: 29281967 PMCID: PMC5745807 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity induced brain inflammation is associated with cognitive disorders. We aimed to investigate the influence of vitamin D on hypothalamus and hippocampus inflammatory response in high-fat diet induced obese rats. Methods In the beginning of the study, 40 rats were divided into two groups: control diet and high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks; then each group subdivided into two groups including: N, ND + vitamin D, HFD and HFD + vitamin D. Vitamin D supplementation was done for 5 weeks at 500 IU/kg dosage. IL-6, IL-1β, NF-Kβ and acetylcholine (ACH) and brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) concentrations in hippocampus and hypothalamus homogenate samples were measured by commercial ELISA kits. Results Vitamin D administration, reduced food intake and weight gain in studied groups (P < 0.001). Vitamin D reduced hippocampus acetylcholine concentrations in ND + vitamin D group (P < 0.001). High fat diet increased hippocampus IL-6 concentrations significantly (P < 0.05) compared with normal diet receiving groups. Vitamin D could not have significant effects on IL-6 concentrations. Vitamin D administrations reduced IL-1β, NF-Kβ and acetylcholine concentration and BDNF concentrations in ND + vitamin D compared with ND group. These reductions were not significant in HFD + vitamin D versus HFD group. Conclusion According to our results, vitamin D reduced food intake and weight gain and modulated the HFD induced inflammatory response in hippocampus and hypothalamus of high fat diet induced obesity. Therefore, this neurosteroid, can be suggested as a supplemental therapeutic tool in prevention of obesity related cognitive and neurodegenerative problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Neyshabouri Street, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehran Mesgari-Abbasi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Neyshabouri Street, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Nameni
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Hajiluian
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Bharati M. Comparing the Effects of Yoga & Oral Calcium Administration in Alleviating Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome in Medical Undergraduates. J Caring Sci 2016; 5:179-185. [PMID: 27752483 PMCID: PMC5045951 DOI: 10.15171/jcs.2016.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Medical undergraduates are heavily burdened by their curriculum. The females, in addition, suffer from vivid affective or somatic premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms such as bloating, mastalgia, insomnia, fatigue, mood swings, irritability, and depression. The present study was proposed to attenuate the symptoms of PMS by simple lifestyle measures like yoga and/or oral calcium. Methods: 65 medical female students (18-22 years) with a regular menstrual cycle were asked to self-rate their symptoms, along with their severity, in a validated questionnaire for two consecutive menstrual cycles. Fifty-eight students were found to have PMS. Twenty girls were given yoga training (45 minutes daily, five days a week, for three months). Another group of 20 was given oral tablets of calcium carbonate daily (500 mg, for three months) and rest 18 girl served as control group. Data were analyzed by SPSS ver.13 software. Results: The yoga and calcium groups showed a significant decrease in number and severity of premenstrual symptoms whereas in the control group there was not the significant difference. Conclusion: Encouraging a regular practice of yoga or taking a tablet of calcium daily in the medical schools can decrease the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehta Bharati
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur
Rajasthan, India
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